By By MarkusMarkus ApelApel

1. Definition1. Definition

► NationalismNationalism is a is a political ideologypolitical ideology that involves a that involves a strong identification of a group of individuals with a strong identification of a group of individuals with a political entity defined in national terms, i.e. a nationpolitical entity defined in national terms, i.e. a nation

► It can be a belief that citizenship in a state should be It can be a belief that citizenship in a state should be limited to limited to one ethnic, cultural, religious, or identity one ethnic, cultural, religious, or identity group, or that multinationalitygroup, or that multinationality in a single state in a single state should necessarily comprise the right to express and should necessarily comprise the right to express and exercise national identity even exercise national identity even by minoritiesby minorities

2. History2. History

► In Europe before the development of nationalism, In Europe before the development of nationalism, people were generally loyal to a city or to a people were generally loyal to a city or to a particular leader rather than to their nationparticular leader rather than to their nation

► Encyclopaedia BritannicaEncyclopaedia Britannica identifies the movement's identifies the movement's genesis with the late-18th century genesis with the late-18th century American American RevolutionRevolution and French Revolution; other historians and French Revolution; other historians point specifically to the ultra-nationalist party in point specifically to the ultra-nationalist party in France during France during the French Revolutionthe French Revolution

3. 3. VarietiesVarieties

►3.1. 3.1. Civic nationalismCivic nationalism►3.23.2. Ethnocentrism. Ethnocentrism►3.3. 3.3. National purityNational purity►3.4.3.4. Left - wing nationalism Left - wing nationalism►3.5.3.5. Territorial nationalism Territorial nationalism►3.6.3.6. Ultranationalism Ultranationalism►3.7.3.7. Anti-colonial nationalism Anti-colonial nationalism

Civic Nationalism

?

►Civic nationalism (also known Civic nationalism (also known as as liberal nationalismliberal nationalism) defines ) defines the nation as an association of the nation as an association of people who identify themselves people who identify themselves as belonging to the nation, who as belonging to the nation, who have equal and shared political have equal and shared political rights, and allegiance to similar rights, and allegiance to similar political procedurespolitical procedures

3.2. Ethnocentrism3.2. Ethnocentrism

► Ethnic nationalism or Ethnocentrism is a form of Ethnic nationalism or Ethnocentrism is a form of nationalism wherein the “nation" is defined in terms nationalism wherein the “nation" is defined in terms of ethnicityof ethnicity

► Whatever specific ethnicity is involved, ethnic Whatever specific ethnicity is involved, ethnic nationalism always includes some element of descent nationalism always includes some element of descent from previous generations and the implied claim of from previous generations and the implied claim of ethnic essentialism, i.e. the understanding of ethnicity ethnic essentialism, i.e. the understanding of ethnicity as an essence that remains unchanged over timeas an essence that remains unchanged over time

3.3. National purity3.3. National purity

► Some nationalists exclude certain groups. Some nationalists exclude certain groups. Some nationalists, defining the national Some nationalists, defining the national community in ethnic, linguistic, cultural, community in ethnic, linguistic, cultural, historic, or religious terms (or a combination historic, or religious terms (or a combination of these), may then seek to deem certain of these), may then seek to deem certain minorities as not truly being a part of the minorities as not truly being a part of the 'national community' as they define it 'national community' as they define it

► Sometimes a mythic homeland is more Sometimes a mythic homeland is more important for the national identity than the important for the national identity than the actual territory occupied by the nationactual territory occupied by the nation

3.4. Left – wing nationalism3.4. Left – wing nationalism

►Left-wing nationalism describes a form of Left-wing nationalism describes a form of nationalism officially based upon equality, popular nationalism officially based upon equality, popular sovereignty, and national self- determination sovereignty, and national self- determination

►It has its origins in the Jacobinism of the It has its origins in the Jacobinism of the French RevolutionFrench Revolution

3.5. Territorial nationalism3.5. Territorial nationalism

►Territorial nationalists assume that all Territorial nationalists assume that all inhabitants inhabitants ofof a particular nation owe a particular nation owe allegiance to their country of birth or allegiance to their country of birth or adoptionadoption

►CCitizenship is idealized by territorial itizenship is idealized by territorial nationalistnationalist

3.6. Ultranationalism3.6. Ultranationalism

► Ultranationalism is a zealous nationalism that expresses Ultranationalism is a zealous nationalism that expresses extremist support for one's nationalist idealsextremist support for one's nationalist ideals

► It is often characterized by authoritarianism It is often characterized by authoritarianism ► Prevalent ultranationalism typically leads to or is the result Prevalent ultranationalism typically leads to or is the result

of conflict within a state, and or between states, and is of conflict within a state, and or between states, and is identified as a condition of pre-war in national politicsidentified as a condition of pre-war in national politics

► In its extremist forms ultranationalism is characterized as a In its extremist forms ultranationalism is characterized as a call to war against enemies of the nation/statecall to war against enemies of the nation/state

3.7. Anti-colonial nationalism3.7. Anti-colonial nationalism

► This form of nationalism came about during This form of nationalism came about during the decolonialisation of the post war period the decolonialisation of the post war period

► It was a reaction mainly in Africa and Asia It was a reaction mainly in Africa and Asia against being subdued by foreign powers against being subdued by foreign powers

► Post-colonial national governments have Post-colonial national governments have been essentially indigenous forms of the been essentially indigenous forms of the previous imperial administrationprevious imperial administration

4. Symbols of national 4. Symbols of national identityidentity

► national flags and national flags and national anthems national anthems are symbols of are symbols of national identitynational identity

► they can be they can be religious or political religious or political

► deep emotions are deep emotions are aroused aroused

LinksLinks► http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalism► http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_La_libert%C

3%A9_guidant_le_peuple.jpg► http://bestforpuzzles.com/trivia/quiz/flags/world.gif► http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Paisos_catalans_belfast.jpg► http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism► http://academic.mu.edu/meissnerd/robespierre2.jpg► http://smartessay.co/wp-content/uploads/1243169_china_dragons.jpg► http://www.ekantipur.com/uploads/tkp/news/2010/gallery_08_31/http://www.ekantipur.com/uploads/tkp/news/2010/gallery_08_31/

nationalism_20100901083816.jpgnationalism_20100901083816.jpg► http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_hk2dup6KMsI/TSTllKjZ6iI/AAAAAAAAAWI/http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_hk2dup6KMsI/TSTllKjZ6iI/AAAAAAAAAWI/

AIno1vO3Dsg/s1600/bismarck.jpgAIno1vO3Dsg/s1600/bismarck.jpg► http://andrewsullivan.thedailybeast.com/.a/http://andrewsullivan.thedailybeast.com/.a/

6a00d83451c45669e20120a667d45f970c-500wi6a00d83451c45669e20120a667d45f970c-500wi► http://www.armeniangenocidedebate.com/files/gallery/MiscImages/http://www.armeniangenocidedebate.com/files/gallery/MiscImages/

TurkishArmy.jpgTurkishArmy.jpg

ENDEND