by matthew. - core.ac.uk · three strata, two at the bottom of the puerco beds, one in the ......

Article III.-A PROVISIONAL CLASSIFICATION OFTHE FRESH-WATER TERTIARY OF THE WEST.

By W. D. MATTHEW.

The table of formations immediately following was drawn upby the writer under the guidance of Prof. Osborn and Dr. Wort-man, for the a-rrangement of the collections in the AmericanMuseum of Natural History, and submitted to the late Prof. Copeand to Prof. W. B. Scott for approval or amendment. The faunallists appended are made up chiefly from the study of these collec-tions, covering all the formations of the Western Lakes exceptthe Pliocene horizons. A partial essay is made at a criticalrevision of the species; characteristic and well marked speciesare in special type, and those considered invalid are in roman.It is quite impossible to make this revision with any approach tocompleteness, from the fragmentary character of many types andthe meagreness of descriptions. The object of the lists is toassist in the correlation and classification of the various basins byshowing the characteristic fauna. The exact horizon and localityare therefore given as fully as possible; and to facilitate futurecomparison of species, the location of each type specimen is given,as far as known to the writer. No bibliography or completesynonymy of the species is included; it would be undesirable inthis connection, as well as rendered superfluous by the excellentbibliography of mammals recently published by Prof. Trouessart.

In this preliminary attempt, errors will doubtless be numerous.The writer will be glad to have his attention called to any, thatthey may be corrected in a subsequent edition. The synonymyof genera and species is necessarily to a considerable extent pro-visional, and will require revision, especially in the Creodontaand Primates. Some of the results of Dr. Wortman's recentstudies on the former group are embodied here.New genera defined in this list: Paladictops, p. 35; Phlaocyon,

p. 54; Miolabi Hay, p. 74.New species defined: Palaolagus intermedius, p. 53; Phlao-

cyon leucosteus, p. 54; Ictops bu.'iatus, p. 55 ; Aceratheriurt pro-fectum, p. 71.

The following names not heretofore used will be defined in['9]

20 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XII,

forthcoming articles by Dr. Wortman and the writer: Pabeosinopaveterrima, n. g. and sp., p. 31 ; Procynodictis vul.piceps, n. g. andsp., p. 49; Oxycnodon dysodus, n. g. and sp., p. 49; Prodap/ianus,n. g., p. 49; Paradaphenus and Nothocyon, p. 62; Pachymnaintermedia, n. sp., p. 3I.

DIVISIONS OF THE TERTIARY LAKE-BASINS.

PERIODS. FORMATIONS. THICK- FAUNAL DIVISIONS.|NESS.

Pleistocene. Sheridan. IOO Equus.

Pliauchenia.Pliocene. Blanco. I50Hippidium.

Loup Fork. 400 Procamelus.

; Deep River. I50 Cyclopidius.

Miocene.

W John Day. IooO Diceratherium.10

Protoceras.Oligocene. White River. 800 Oreodon.

Titanotherium.

* 1 Uinta. 800 Diplacodon.Telmatotherium.

Z Bridger. 2000 Uintatherium.

Wind River. 800 Bathyopsis.Eocene. B

0

Wasatch. 2000 Coryphodon.

Torrejon. 300 Pantolambda.cU

Puerco. 5oo Polymnastodon.

LAKE BASINS.

}Silver Lake and otherlocalities in Oregon,Nevada, and else-where.

Great Plains (NiobraraBasin).

Deef River, Montana.

Yohn Day, Oregon.

Great Plains (SiouxLake).

I Uinta, Utah.

UA6er Green River,Wyoming.

Huerfano, Colorado.

| WindRiver, Wyoming.

g Big Horn, Wyoming.J J

San Yuan, New Mex-ico.

I

j

I

I899.] Ma//hew, Fresh- Water Ter/iary of the West.

NOTES ON THE LAKE BASINS. I

San 7uan Basin.-In northwestern New Mexico, on the dividebetween the Rio Grande and San Juan Rivers. The beds con-formably overlie the marine and brackish water Cretaceous(Laramie), and contain fossils confined in the Basal Eocene tothree strata, two at the bottom of the Puerco beds, one in theTorrejon. The Wasatch is sparingly fossiliferous throughout.1Big Horn Basin.-In northern Wyoming. No weighty faunal

distinctions have been shown to exist in this great mass of sedi-ment, which is sparingly fossiliferous throughout. Buffalo Basinis a subordinate basin, apparently somewhat later than the mainbasin.2

Wind River Basin.-In central Wyoming. Fossils are ratherscarce in this basin. All the sediments are later than the Wasatchand earlier than the Bridger.'Huerfano Basin.-In southern Colorado. Osborn has recently

shown that the Wind River is represented here as well as theBridger. There are also overlying sediments of ? Pleistocene age.4

U.per Green River Basin.-In southern Wyoming. This in-cludes the Bridger and Washakie, with Middle Eocene fossilmammals, and much larger areas where Green River (= WindRiver) and Vermillion Creek (= Wasatch) sediments are the onlybeds not washed away by the extensive erosion which has takenplace. The Vermillion Creek sediments contain fossil mammalsin a few localities (Evanston, Black Buttes, etc.), while the GreenRiver shales contain fossil fish in abundance.5

Uin/a Basin.-In northeastern Utah. The Middle and UpperEocene beds are underlain by a considerable thickness of sedi-ments, probably of Lower Eocene age, in which no fossils havebeen found. The three fossiliferous horizons are: C, the Upperor True Uinta, explored for fossils by Marsh in 1870 and thePrinceton party of i886 ; B, the Lower Uinta or TelmatotheriumBeds; and A, probably equivalent to the upper part of theBridger. The last two horizons were discovered by the AmericanMuseum Expedition of 1894.!

1 Authority, Wortman. See Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., X892, 135; I897, 259.2 Authority, Wortman, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., I892, 135.3 Authority, Wortman, 1. c.4 Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., I897, 247.'f Authority, Hayden Survey Reports, etc. Also Wortman (communicated).6 Authority, Peterson, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1895, 72; Marsh, Amer. Jour. Sci.,

March, I871.

2 I


Basin of the Great Plains.-The precise relations of the fossil-iferous horizons in different parts of this wide area stand in needof further study. The deposits are coextensive with the Neoceneand Quaternary, but in no place has a continuous section beenobserved, and the series of fossiliferous horizons is still moreincomplete.The following table is an attempt at correlation of a number

of typical sections with the section published by Hayden andLeidy thirty years ago. The proper identification of these di-visions has been prevented by a confusion as to the fauna properlybelonging to Horizon D. The descriptions given by Hayden ofthe character of the rocks in the several divisions of his sectionagree accurately with the corresponding divisions observed bythe writer in Colorado. But the fauna which Hayden and Leidyascribe to Horizon D was found by the writer in Horizon C,while D belonged stratigraphically and faunally to the UpperMiocene. The fauna which Leidy ascribes to C is a mixture ofOreodon and Protoceras Beds species.The Middle Miocene does not appear to be represented in any

of the sections. The faunal break is least serious in Coloradoand Oregon, where a number of genera pass through withoutmore than specific change. Such are, in Colorado, Anchipus,Aceratherium (sensu stricto), Merycochoerus, ? Canis. In Oregon,Mesohip.pus and probably others.

Anotlier break occurs in the Pliocene, partly if not comnpkelybridged in Texas, but tolerably well marked elsewhere.

It is probable that the Protoceras Beds overlap to some extenton the Lower Miocene John Day. Further study of both anddetermination of the exact horizons of different species will benecessary to find the extent of the overlap. At present it seemsthat some lines of descent are more advanced in one basin, somein the other. The Rhinoceroses seem to have run into Dicera-therium in the John Day, while continuing the line towardsAphelops in the Plains. The Camels are more advanced in thewestern basin, but the Horses are persistently primitive, whileAnchi:ppus had already appeared in the Leptauchenia Beds.Side branches of Canida appear in both basins, while themore direct line shows little difference in age between the two.Merycochwerus and Eporeodon appear in both, but the relations of

I899.] Maathewze, Freshi- Water Tertiary of the West.

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00 00

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23


the species to each other are not yet known. Leptauchenia is un-known in the John Day basin, and is very close to the UpperMiocene Cyclopidius, but if these genera were aquatic they mayhave had a peculiar and limited habitat, and their absence wouldnot have much weight.The so-called Loup Fork Beds are not all strictly of the same

age. The more easterly and southerly deposits in Nebraska,Kansas, and Texas are uppermost Miocene or Pliocene. Thespecies described by Leidy and Marsh came chiefly from thesebeds. The Colorado Loup Fork is a distinctly older horizon,Upper or perhaps in part Middle Miocene. Prof. Cope exploredthis region in I873 and I879 and described its fauna. He seemsto have been less familiar with the eastern Loup Fork; and thismay partly explain the discrepant views held as to the age of theLoup Fork Tertiary. Williston and some other recent writersentirely refuse to assign a definite age to the Kansas Loup Fork;and the present writer desires to avoid including with the beds towhich a definite age is assigned, any but those in which a suf-ficient fauna has been found. The Colorado Loup Fork is hereplaced as equivalent to the Deep River of Montana, the Ticho-leptus Beds of Cope-an unfortunate name, as Ticholeptus is asynonym of Merychyus, and Merychyus is equally characteristic ofthe typical Loup Fork or Procamelus Beds. Cope placed withthe Deep River the Upper Miocene Beds of the John Day valley,and of Laramie Peak, WVyoming. Other beds on the western andnorthern margin of the Great Plains basin may be equivalent.Scott considers the' Deep River as older than any of the bedsabove mentioned, laying especial stress on the occurrence ofCyclopidius in that basin'only. Cyclopidius, however, occurs in theextreme west of Nebraska (Cheyenne Co.), and its absence else-where may be explained, as above noted, by its aquatic habitat.Miolabis' characterizes the Colorado' Loup Fork and the Oregonbeds, and stands well in opposition to Procamelus of the upperhorizon. The lower beds have been called Cyclopidius Beds.2They show the following characteristic faunal differences:

1 (= Protolabis Wortman, I898, not Cope.)2 On account of its evident inconstancy a name derived from the fauna to desi'nate a par-

ticular horizon is less suitable than a geographic term. Pawnee Creek Beds would be a bettername for the lower horizon in Colorado, Deep River being used correlatively with Loup Forkfor the general designation of the lower beds.

I899.] Mattlew, Fresh- Water Tertiary of the West.

Procamelus Beds. Cyclopidius Beds.

( Pliohippus. r Pliohippus.Protohippus. Protohippus.Hipparion. Hipparion.

? Mesohippus. - Desmatippus.Anchippus.Anchitherium.

5 Pliauchenia. L Mesohippus.Procamelus. ( Procamelus.

Protolabis.( Miolabis.Cyclopidius.

Teleoceras. Aceratherium.Cosoryx. Blastomeryx.

That is to say, Horses with short-crowned teeth and Camelswith split metapodials persisted into the lower horizon, asdid also the aquatic Oreodonts and more primitive Aceratheres.Blastomeryx characterized the lower, as Cosoryx did the upperhorizon. The large Teleoceras (Aphelops) fossiger, unknown inthe older horizon, is the most abundant fossil of the later one.King 2 applied the names 'Sioux Lake' and 'Cheyenne Lake'

to the supposed lakes of the Oligocene and Upper Miocene of thePlains (Miocene and Pliocene of older writers) and Marsh a hascalled the latter the Niobrara basin. The deposits cover to agreat extent the same area, and a single geographical name mayconveniently be used, as is done in the other Tertiary basins.The White River sediments are usually considered as lacustrine.

A similar origin has been assigned to all the later sediments, butrecent studies of Gilbert in Arkansas, Williston and others inKansas, and Darton in South Dakota, tend toward the view thatthe Loup Fork is chiefly flood-plain sediment while the Pleisto-cene is flood-plain and aeolian deposit.4 With this view the obser-vations made by the writer in Colorado in I898 entirely coincide.

/ohn Day Basin.-In central Oregon. Two or three more orless separate basins in the valley of the John Day River. TheCottonwood basin containing a higher fauna, equivalent to the

1 Two lower molars referred to Mesohi,e#us are described by Scott and Osborn as comingfrom the true Loup Fork of Nebraska. Tbis is the only occurrence in the Procamelus Beds,as far as I am aware.

2 4oth Parallel Survey Rep.3Am. Ass. Adv. Sci., Ann. Address, I872.4 Gilbert, i7th Ann. Rep. U. S. Geol. Survey, I895-6, part II, 575. Williston, Kansas

Univ. Geol. Survey, Rep. I896.

25

26 Bulltxi Amer GaAMuseum of Natural History. [Vol. XII,

Deep River (Cope and Wortman) or Loup Fork (Scott), isseparated from the lower beds by a basaltic flow. Dr. Wortmanhas recently found sufficient differences in the true John Dayto warrant its division into two horizons; the upper, containinga great abundance of Merycochoerus, being exposed at BridgeCreek and elsewhere; the lower, typical at the locality known as'The Cove.'Deep River Basin.-In central Montana. It would seem to be

an outlier of the Great Plains basin. The upper beds, containingthe typical Deep River fauna, rest unconformably on beds con-taining a scanty fauna which Scott considers equivalent to theUpper John Day. The facies of the fauna does not seem, how-ever, to forbid placing it as equivalent to the Leptauchenia faunaof the Great Plains.!New Mexico Loup Fork Basins.-A number of small scattered

areas, of which the Santa Ed Basin in the northern part of thestate, and the San Francisco Basin in the southwest corner, arethe most important. Some of these deposits may be Pliocene.The PLEISTOCENE fossil beds are scattered over all parts of the

West, and cannot be grouped into any definite areas. The EquusBeds, largely river sediments, contain abundant remains of -Equus.The prairie loess, so far as the writer is acquainted with it, repre-sents a later deposit, aolian, and still in progress. The wind cutsout all exposed places at a very considerable rate, as may beseen by the rapid hollowing out of roads and ploughed fields.The dust is caught by the sodded prairie and sp#ead uniformlyover it. The effects of this mode of deposition are characteristicand curious features of the plains. The deposits are over twohundred feet thick in places, and contain remains of Equus in thelower layers, but in the upper chiefly Bison bones in variousstages of fossilization. In the Cordilleras are many dried-utlake basins of small size, in the deposits of which the Equusfauna has been found. Silver Lake in Eastern Oregon is themost noted of these.

1 Authority, Wortman (communicated). 2 Scott, " Mammalia of the Deep River Beds."

1899.] Matthew, Fresh- Water Tertary of the West. 27

CHARACTERISTIC FOSSIL MAMMALS.

The more important or abundant species are in heavy type; in-valid species in roman. Present location of the type specimen isstated (under the formation in which it was found) as follows:

A. M... American Museum of Natural History, New York.U. S... National Museum, Washington.Ph.... Philadelphia Academy of Sciences.Y.. .Yale University, New Haven, Conn.K.... Kansas University, Lawrence, Kan.H ........Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.P.. . Princeton University, N. J.T.. .Texas Geological Survey.C. G. S... Canadian Geological Survey.


I. PUERCO.

All the types and described specimens are preserved in theAmerican Museum of Natural History. The localities of all are

in northwestern New Mexico, west of the divide between the RioGrande and San Juan Rivers.

MULTITUBERCULATA.'PLAGIAULACIDA.

Catopsalis foliatus Cope.Polymastodon taoensis Cope.Polymastodon latimolis Cope.

Polymastodon attenuatus Cope.'9s selenodus Osborn & Earle.

Neoplagiaulax americanus Cope.Neoplagiaulax sp.

CREODONTrA.OXYcLENIDiE.

Oxycanus cuspidatus (Cope.)sim.plex (Cope.)

Protochriacus priscus (Cope.)Protochriacus hyattianus Cope.

Loxolophus adapinus Cope.Protochriacus attenuatus 0. & E.

TRIISODONTIDM.

Triisodon quivirensis Cope." heilprinianus Cope.

Triisodon rusticus Cope.Triisodon biculminatus Cope.Conoryctes crassicuspis Cope.Sarcothraustes corypbaeus Cope.Mioclaenus bathygnathus Cope.

Triisodon gaudrianus (Cope).INCERT. SED.

Oxyacodon apiculatus 0. & E.Oxyacodon agapetillus (Cope).Carcinodon filholianus (Cope).

CONDYLARTHRA.PERIPTYCHIDAE.

Periptychus I coarctatus Cope.Periptychus brabensis 0. & E.

Ectoconus ditrigonus (Cope).Hemithl1us kowalevskianus Cope.Conacodon entoConus (Cope).Anisonchus coniferus Cope.

Conacodon cophater (Cope).Anismhus-gilianus Cope.

Hemithlaeus apiculatus Cope.? Zetodon gracilis Cope. (Indeter-

minate.)

PHENACODONTIDIE.

Protogonodon pentacus (Cope).Protogonodon stenognathus Matthew.

MIOCLXENIDE.

Mioclanus turgidunculus Cope.EDENTATA.

STYLINODONTIDIE.

Hemiganus otariidens Cope.CONORYCTIDMf.

Onychodectes tissonensis Cope.Onychodectes rarus 0. & E.INDETERMINATE SPECIES.Mioclaenus interruptus Cope.

rutimeyeranus Cope.

II.LTORREJON.

All the types and described specimens are preserved in theAmerican Museum of Natural History. The localities are innorthwestern New Mexico, on either side of the divide betweenthe Rio Grande and San Juan Rivers.

1 The name Periz,t$ychus is perhaps preoccupied by Periityches. If this be the case, thename Catahlarus, proposed for the permanent dentition of the same species, takes its place,C. rhabdodon being the type.

899.] Matthew, Fresh- Water, Tertiary of the West.

MULTITUBERC ULATA.

PLAGIAULACIDIE.

Neoplagiaulax molestus Cope.Ptilodus medisevus Cope.Ptilodus trovessartianus Cope.

BOLODONTIDRI.

Chirox plicatus Cope.

PRIMATES.TARSIIDiE.

Indrodon malaris Cope.

RODENTIA.MIXODECTIDIE.

Mixodectes pungens Cope.Mixodectes crassiusculus Cope.

CREODONTA.OXYCL:NIDT2E.

Tricentes subtrigonus (Cope).Mioclenus bucculentus Cope.Phenacodus zuniensis Cope.

Tricentes crassicollidens Cope.Chriacus pelvidens (Cope).

Chriacus stenops Cope.Chriacus baldwini (Cope).Chriacus truncatus Cope.Chriacus schlosserianus Cope.Deltatherium fundaminis Cope.

TRTISODQNTIDIE.

Goniacodon levisanus (Cope).Sarcothraustes antiquus Cope.

Triisodon conidens Cope.MESONYCHIDA2.

Dissacus navajovius Cope.Dissacus carnifex Cope.

Dissacus saurognathus Wortman.VIVERRIDA.

Viverravus haydenianus (Cope.)Didymictis primus Cope.

ARCTOCYONIDI/E.

Claenodon ferox (Cope).Clienodon corrugatus Cope.Cianodon probogonioides Cope.

CONDYLARTHRA.

PERIPTYCHIDIE.

Periptychus ' rhabdodon Cope.Periptychus carinidens Cope.Anisonchus sectorius Cope.

Anisonchus mandibularis (Cope).Haploconus lineatus Cope.Haploconus xiphodon Cope.

di angustus Cope.Ilaploconus corniculatus Cope.

PHENACODONTIDA.

Euprotogonia I puercensis (Cope).Phenacodus calceolatus Cope.Protogonia subquadrata Cope.

plicifera Cope.Mioclaenus floverianus Cope.

Euprotogonia minor Matthew.

MIOCLANIDE.

Mioclenus turgidus Cope.Mioclenus zittelianus Cope.

Miocinus /ydekkerianus Cope.Miocl1enus lemuroides Matthew.

" acolytus (Cope).Mioclanus incequidens (Cope).

Mioclaenus minimus Cope.Protoselene opisthacus (Cope).

Hemithlaeus baldwini Cope.

AMBLYPODA.

PANTOLAMBDID2iE.

Pantolambda bathmodon Cope.di .cavirictus Cope.

EDENTATA.

STYLINODONTIDA .

Psittacotherium multifragumCope.

Psittacotherium aspasiae Cope.megalodus Cope.

Hemiganus vultuosus Cope.

CONORYCTIDA2.

Conoryctes comma Cope.

1 See note on p. 28.Dr. T. S. Palmer has kindly called my attention to the fact that the generic name Eu#ro-

togonia is antedated by Tetracianodon, a genus of Creodonts founded by Prof. Scott onMiocansmwfloverianus of Cope, a wrongly interpreted specimen of Euj$rotogonia juercensis.The generic description of Tetraclianodon is doubtfully valid, very misleading, and founded onerror; the name is inappropriate in the extreme; and I have therefore retained Eufirotogoniaas a well known and appropriate name substituted for the original preoccupied nameProtogynia.

29


III. WASA TCH.

o o~~~~0A .p.

%z

PRIMATES.Omomys (Anaptornorphus) homunculus (Cope)........ X XHyopsodus pauls Leidy......................... X X" vicarius Cope........................ X X

I powellianus Cope .......? A. M.Hyopsodus lemoinianus Cope ......................

" miticutus CopeX U. S." laticuneus 1 (Cope)..? A. M.

Pelycodus frugivorus Cope................... X xPelycodus nunienus Cope.................. X

Pelycodus tutus Cope ..... ..................... X xPelycodusjarrovii Cope.................. ....... X X

" angulatus Cope ............. ....... X A. M.Microsyops ? gracilis Leidy....... X

" speiriansCope.................... X A. M.Cynodontomys latidens Cope ........................ X

RODENTIA.ISCHYROMYID2E.

Paramys buccatus Cope.................... x x" delicatior Leidy....................... X" delicatissimus Leidy................... X X

CREODONTA.VIVERRID2E.

Viverravus 2 protenus (Cope) ..............xi...... X X X U. S." leptomylus3(Cope).................. X X

Viverravus curtidens (Cope) ....................... X A. M.' massetericus (Cope)................. X

gracilis Marsh.................. XUintacyon (Miacis 4) canavus (Cope) .............. X A. M.Uintacyon (Miacis) brevirostris (Cope) .. X X4."" .............. X

1 The premolars associated with the type and only specimen of Diacodexis laticuneusCope, are those of Hyracotherium index; the upper and lower molars belong to HIIyosodus,,closely allied to H.joweilianus. See Wortman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., I896.

2 Viverravus as defined by Marsh in I872 covers Didymictis Cope, I874. See noteon p. 35.

3 The type of Didymictis le_tomylus of Cope may be the same as Marsh's Limnocyon ri-fiarius of the Bridger. This Wasatch species was referred by Cope to lefitomylus but isprobably distinct from the type.

4 These species are considerably different in type from the Bridger species to which thename was originally given.

I899.] Matthew, Fresh- Water Tertiary of the West. 3I

II_. WAsATcH.-ContInII I. WASATCH. 'Continued.

N 0 0.0 0 M4 -z

-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~t- -0

PROVIVERRIDME.Palosinopa veterrima Wortman1................ X A. M.Sinopa (Stypolophus) hians (Cope)..-...... X x U. S.is strenua (Cope)... X x .it whitim (Cope).- X X

viverrina (Cope). X X U. S.Sinopa (Stypolophus) multicuspis (Cope) ......X......

" "IL secundaria (Cope) ...X"666 aculeata (Cope)2 .............. P.

OXYA3NIDA,.

Oxyena lupina Cope............... X X X U. S.A forcipata Cope......................... X x ..

Oxycena morsitans Cope.... xPAL&ONICTID)E.

Palonictis occidentalis Osborn and Wortman.... X A. M.Amblyctonus sinosus Cope.......... ...... x U. S.

MESONYCHIDA.Pachyana3 ossifraga (Cope)...................... X x u. s.Pachyamna intermedia Wortman 1..................... X A. M.Pachysena gigantea Osborn and Wortman.......... X s

Dissacus leptognathus 0. & W...................... XARCTOCYONIDE.

Anacodon ursidens Cope ... A. M.INCERTIE SEDIS.

Didephodus absarokae Cope........................ X A. M.Dideiphys comstocki (Cope) ........................ xDiacodon celatus Cope .......................... x U. s.

alticu.spis Cope....xINSECTIVORA.

LEPTICTIDIE.Palaictops 6? bicuspis (C ope) ....................... X

TILLODONTIA.ESTHONYCHID,E.

Esthonyx 6 burmeisteri Cope...............x......- x x U. S.Esthonyx acer Cope..X

bisulcatus Cope..Xspatularius Cope..X

1 Unpublished.'sThe original type from the Bridger was indeterminate. The species properly dates from

Cope's description in I884 (Tert. Vert.) of a specimen in the Princeton Museum referred toS. acuteata.

3 Unworn molars of Pachyana show that it possessed a vestigial metaconid, though less dis-tinct than that of Dissacus; the original ground for the separation of the two therefore fails.I retain them separate however, believing that a careful comparison will show distinctions ofgeneric importance between them.4Generic position very doubtful.See note on p. 35. 6 The species of Esthonyx need revision.

32 Bulletin American AMuseum of Natural History. [Vol. XIl,

III. 'WASATCH.-Continued.

EDENTATA.STYLlNODONTIME.

Calamodon simplex Cope........................Calamodon arcamoenus Cope.....................Calamodon novomehicanus Cope................Dryptodon crassus Marsh ....................

CONDYLARTHRA.PHENACODONTIDAM.

Phenacodus primavus Cope I....................Phenacodus omnivorus Cope ............

Phenacodus nunienus Cope 2.................Phenacodus wortmani Cope3 ....................

Phenacodus apternus Cope .Phenacodus hemiconus Cope. ......................Phenacodus brachypternus Cope ................Phenacodus macropternus Cope ....................

" sulcatus Cope ........................."4 (Ectocion) osbornianus Cope...

Eohyus5 distans Marsh ..........................." robustus Marsh.

MENISCOTHERIIDE.

Meniscotherium chamense Cope....Is terre-rubrm Cope...............

Meniscotherium taopiacitis Cope ...................H'racops socialis Marsh 6I.................. ...

e1.0

zi

xxxxxxx

X

U. S..."

& I

X A. M.IX U. S.

A. M.X.

A. M.

X i

X U.S.A. M.

X Y.IX ..

>X U.,S.X A. M.

X Y.

1 Type from Evanston, Wyoming.2 Perhaps a small variety of P. Irimarvus.3 See note on this species on p. 36.4 Doubtfully distinguishable from P. uunienus.

5Eohyus Marsh (nom. nud., I877) is perhaps a synonym of Phenacodus: E. distans(figured, 1894) might be taken for the very uncharacteristic ma of that genus, and the descriptionof E. robustus (I894) corresponds as far as it goes to the lower jaw of P. frimavus. Wortman(Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., x898, p. moi, foot-note) believes that E. distans is founded on thelast upper molar of Trigonotestes etsagicus; but the tooth as figured by Marsh is too large forthat species, even on the supposition that ml is unreduced, whsch, judging from the reductionof the heel of min, is not the case.

6Hyracos, which has been identified by Osborn with Meniscotherium, differs considerablyin its foot structure if Marsh's figures are accurate. The large magnum, the entirely serialcarpus, and the epicuneiform seen in Marsh's figures of Hyracops are not present in Menisco-therium, which has a carpal and tarsal structure very like that of EuSrotognia, with smallmagnum, lunar supported partl on unciform, and other normal pnmitive features. Themetapodials and phalanges are lie those of ByracoAs.

1899.] Matthew, Fresh- Water Tertiary of the West. 33

III. WASATCH.-Continued.

C~~~~~~~~~~~~~C0 c o~

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AMBLYPODA.CORYPHODONTID:.

Coryphodon (Bathmodon) radians Cope.......... X A. M.WCoryphodon (Metalophodon) testis (Cope)..... x ..

Coryphodon repandus Cope.XCoryphodon lobatus Cope................... x x x U. S.

Coryphodon anax Cope.................... X A. M.Bathmodon pacbypus Cope................. X ..

Coryphodon elephantopus Cope............. X XX U. S.Coryphodon obliquus Cope X .Coryphodon cuspidatus Cope... X

Coryphodon hamatus Marsh .. X Y.Manteodon subquadratus Cope...X A. M.

Coryphodon latidens Cope ............... ... x x U. S.Coryphodon simus Cope X...

"4 molestus CopeCoryphodon curvicristis Cope ........... ....... X A. M.

" (Metalophodon) armatus (Cope).Black Buttes, Wyo.

" (Ectacodon) cinctss (Cope) ... XCoryphodon latipes Cope.2 .............. X

marginatus Cope.2 ................. XPERISSODACTYLA.

EQUIDE.

Hyracotherium (Eohippus3) index Cope...... X X X X A. lV.Hyracotherium angustidens Cope X U. S.

"16 cuspidatum Cope X .

Eohippus pernix Marsh ...................X Y.Hyracotherium (Eohippus) vasacciense Cope. X X A. M.

Eohippus validus Marsh .................. X Y.Hyracotherium (Eohippus) tapirinum Cope... X U. S.fyracotherium (Eohzgspus) cristatum Wortman X A. M.

(Peiolophus) cristonense Cope x x U. S."4 " Rmontanum Wortman. X A. M.

LOPHIODONTID.iE.

Ieptodonposticus Cope........................ X A. M." singularis Cope..................... X U. S.

1Part of the same individual is in the Yale University Museum.Indeterminate types, synonymy doubtful.

3 In Hyracotherium proper, p5 has but one cusp; in all the American species, a trittoconeis also present. " It may yet be found that there are other important differences between thesegroups which will necessitate recognizing a separate genus for the American forms, in whichevent the name EohikzAus, proposed by Marsh, would have to be adopted." Wortman, Bull.Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., I896, IOI.


III. WASATCH.-Continued.

0 c

0 0

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TAPIRID.IE.

Systemodon protapirinus Wortman.......... X X A. M.Systernodonprimevus Wortman................ X

semihians Cope .. .ARTIODACTYLA.HOMACODONTIDiE.

Trigonolestes chacensisCope.'.. x x U. S.Trigonolestes brachi stomus Cope.x A. M.

nuptusCope.X..

metsiacus Cope.Xetsagicus Cope.............. ..... XACHWENODONTID2E.

Parahy,us vagus Marsh........................ X Y.aberrans Marsh..................... X

it

IV. WINVD RIVER.All the types and described specimens are in the American

Museum of Natural History.

Mb6 000.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.. l

PRIMATES.

Hyopsodus paulus Leidy............ x" vicarius Cope X

Hyopsodus ? lermoinianus Cope. X? powellianus Cope X

Pelycodus tutusCope. X xPelycodus frugivorus Cope....................... X

Pelycodus nunienus Cope....................... X A. M.Microsyops gracilisLeidy. XMicrosyops scotianusCope.X A. M.

2 This is the common species of Trigonolestes. The others are founded on somewhat smalleror otherwise different individuals, but all very closely allied except T. etsagicus2 which differswidely and may have to be separated generically, as Wortman has suggested (Extinct Camelidaeof North America, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., I898, p. IOI foot-note). I have seen nospecimen of Trigonolestes proper (our collection contains 26) in which the paraconid is notpresent and twined with the metaconid in a peculiar way.

2 Doubtfully distinguishable from M. gracilis.

I899.] Maftthew, Fresh- Water Tertiary of the West. 35

IV. WIND RIVER.-Continued.

~~b 6 ~ 0

ISCHYROMYIDAIE.

Paramys delicatior Leidy..................X>X"delicatissimusLedy X

CREODONTA.VIVERRIDE.

Viverravus I (Didymictis) altidens (Cope).X A. M.Viverravus (Didymictis) protenus (Cope).. X x

" (Limnocyon) riparius (NMarsh).Didymictis leptomylus Cope, type only..X A. M.

Viverravus gracilis Marsh. X xDidymictis dawkinsianus Cope ... X A. M.

'EJintacyon (Miacis) canavus (Cope) x"4 "9 brevirostris (Cope) X... x

Uintacyon (Miacis) cf. vorax Leidyy..... XUintacyon sp. minima ... x

PROVIVERRIDiE.

Sinopa (Stypolophus) whitia (Cope) A. M.Sinopa, cf. viverrina (Cope)2..

OXYANIDA:.

Oxvyana huerfanensis Osborn.X A. M.Patriofelis tigrinus (Cope). ........................... X.

INSECTIVORA.LEPTICTIDA.

-Palcictops 3 bicuspis (Cope)......................... X A. M."6 dideiphoides (Cope)4.................... X I

CHIROPTERA.

Ves.perugo anemop iuCp.5Vesperuro aneswato~~~~~philuts Cope ..................................

? Chiropter indet >X A. M.

1 Viverravus Marsh antedates Didymictis Cope, and refers to the same genus. The genericdescription appears to the writer to be a sufficient one, although Marsh in this as in other de-scriptions uses the term " tubercular " to describe a tuberculo-sectorial tooth.

2 Apparently a different species from the Big Horn specimens referred to S. viverrina. Ihave not compared either with the type, from New Mexico.

3 Referred by Cope to Icto,s, an Oligocene genus closely allied to Leftictis Leidy. Thoughnot distinguishable by the dentition from IctoAs, there are important and very constant differ-,ences in the skull characters, among which I select for generic definition the backward ex-tension and broadening of the posterior ends of the nasal bones and the presence of a singlemedian crest on the cranium instead of the two parallel crests of Jctgfls and LeAtictis.

4 Pertinence of this species to the genus very doubtful. 6 Type lost.


IV. WIND RIvER.-Continued.

>bto 0 0

TILLODONTIA.ESTHONYCHID2E.

Esthonyx acutidens Cope....................... X A. M.Esthonyx spatularius Cope......................... X

EDENTATA.STYLINODONTID,E.

Stylinodon (Calamodon) cylindrifer (Cope)............ XCONDYLARTIIRA.PHENACODONTIDE.

Phenacodus ? primaevus Cope I....................... XPhenacodus wortmani Cope2 .................... X A. M.Phenacodus (Ectocion) osbornianus Cope ......... X

AMBLYPODA.CORYPHODONTIDjE.

Coryphodon ventanus Osborn.................... X X A. M.Coryphodon wortmani Osborn...................... X

" ? singularis Osborn ........ ............ XUINTATHERIIDME.

Bathyopsis fissidens Cope........................ X A. M.PERISSODACTYLA.

EQUIDA.Hyracotherium craspedotum Cope ................ X A. M.Protorohippus (Hyracotherium) venticolus (Cope). X xLambdotherium popoagicum Cope I.............. X X

LOPHIODONTID2E.Heptodon calciculus Cope....................... XHeptodon ventorum Cope ........... ................ X

TITANOTHERIIDME.Telmatotherium (Paleosyops) boreale (Cope) .... X

Lambdotherium brownianum Cope ..... ........ XARTIODACTYLA.HOMACODONTIDE.

Trigonolestes secans Cope 4......................... X X A. M.

The single jaw fragment referred to this species differs in several particulars from theWasatch specimens.

2 Two or three species are apparently included under this name, but the material is toofragmentary for their separation. The Wind River specimens, including the type, are, I be-lieve distinct from those of Wasatch age, including the complete skeleton described by-Copein 'iertiary Vertebrata.' Two points of difference are the internal instead of postero-internalposition of de on p5, and the more compressed p&-both points approximating the Wind Riverspecies to Ectocion, the most advanced of the Phenacodonts.*See Osborn, Am. Nat., z897.*Upper molars being unknown this species can be placed in Trigonolestes only provisionally.

I899.] Matthew, Fresh- Water Tertiary of the West.

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VI. UINTA.

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PRIMATES.

Hyopsodus gracilis Marsh....................... XHyopsodus sp.......X.............................XMicrosyops uintensis Osborn. X A. M.

RODENTIA.

Paramys sciuroides S. & 0................. .... X P.Paramys uintensis Osborn.X A. M.Protoptychus hatcheri Scott ..P.

CREODONTA.CANID2E.

Miacis vulpinus Scott .......... ................... X P.'Prodaphenus scoiti 2 ...............- ...Prodaph2enus (Miacis) uintensis (Osborn).X X A. M.Procynodictis vulpiceps2 .......................

OXYAENID,E.

Oxyaenodon dysodus3.X XMESONYCHIDX.

Mesonyx, cf. obtusidens Cope...................... XMesonyx uintensis Scott.X X P.

AMBLYPODA.UINTATHERITD.E.

Uintatherium sp.................................. X XPERISSODACTYLA.

EQUID2E.

Epihippus uintensis Marsh....................... X Y.E pihuppus gracilis (Marsh).........................X

LOPHIODONTIDXf.

Helaletes guyo/ii Scott.X P.TAPIRIDJE.

Isectolophus annectens S. & 0................... X

1 Type mislaid or lost.2 Unpublished.3 Unpublished. See Osborn, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2896, 78, fig. 3 (Hyaenodon).

4

50 Bulletin American AMuseum of Natural History. [Vol. XII,

VI. UINTA.-Continued.

00 0

o 0 0 0

HY R ACODONTIDA2 .

Triplopus obliquidens S. & 0.x P.Prothyracodon intermedium S. & 0O..

Triplopus sp. (? = Lophiodon bairdianus Marsh, part).' xAMYNODONTIDE.

Antynodon advenus Marsh.......................... X Y.Amynodon intermedius S. & 0.x P.

TITANOTHERID/E.Telmatotherium cornutum Osborn.X A. M.T/elrnatotherium diplcnr sonxSeErafoherim dploconum Osborn ...............................

Telmatotherium ? diploconum, var. minus ' ....... xXTelmatotherium hyognathurn S. & 0.X X P.Palaosyops manteoceras Osborn I................ 1X X X A. M.

" ultimus Osborn'......................xDiplacodon elatus Marsh.....................x V.Dziplacodon emarginatus Hatcher. X .Diplacodon sp. indesc ..X A. M.

ARTIODACTYLA.HOMACODONT1D2E.

Bunomeryx montanus Wortman ....... X A. M.Bunomeryx elegans Wortman .. X

CAMELID/zE.Protylopus petersoni Wortman . ........ i X A. M.Leptotragulusproavus S. &0. X x P.Parameryx lacvis Marsh ..x Y.

" sulcatus Mars ..xCarmelomeryx longiceps Scott ..x P.

OREODONTIDIE.Leptoreodon marshi Wortman.................... X X A. M.

Merycodesmus gracilis Scott ..x P.Eomeryx (Protoreodon) parvus (S. & 0.) X ..Eomeryx sp. major indesc ..x

'4 pumilus Marsh............... .... x Y.Agriotherium paradoxicum Scott ..x P.Hyomneryx breviceps Marsh..x Y.Oromeryxplicatus Marsh...

ACH2ENODONTID,.Protelotherium uintense (Oshorn)................ X A. M.Achacnodon sp. (A. inso/ens, fide Osborn) .... ........ X

INCERTAE SEDIS.

Sphenocalus uintensis Osborn ...... ................. X A. M.

1 Unpublished. Heretofore confounded with T. megarhinumn. 2 Unpublisbed.

i 899.] Matthew, Fresh- Water Tertiary of the West. 51

VII. WHITE RIVER.The localities tabulated below are:I. Colorado. - Headwaters of Cedar, Lewis, Horsetail, and

Pawnee Creeks in northeast Colorado. Fauna described byCope in I873 and later. The Lower, Middle, and Upper WhiteRiver are represented. Cope's collections were from the lowerand middle beds, Horizons A and B; the fauna of Horizon C isdetermined from collections by the American Museum Expeditionof I898.

2. Nebraska. -Hat Creek Basin, adjoining the S. DakotaWhite River. Lower, Middle, and Upper White River arepresent.

3. South Dakota.-This is the largest and best known area. Itlies between and about the White and Cheyenne Rivers, andfurnishes the typical section. The Lower or Titanotherium Bedsare divisible into three subzones, the Middle or Oreodon Beds-into two subzones, and the Upper or Protoceras Beds probablyinto two subzones of which the uppermost one bears a generallyscanty fauna.

4. North Dakota.-A small area near White Buttes contains afauna apparently near to the Protoceras fauna in age.

5. Montana.-I have here included the lower beds of the DeepRiver valley, which Prof. Scott considers as Upper John Day.That they are later than the uppermost part of the White River(Horizon C, Leptauchenia Beds) is, I think, not proven, and theybelong geographically to the White River.

6. Canada.-Swift Current Creek in the Cypress Hills, N. W. T.The area is limited and the rocks conglomeritic, so that the speci--mens were largely fragmentary. They are preserved in theMuseumn of the Geological Survey of Canada.


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VIII. JOHN DAY.

The level at which each species occurs is known only in a fewcases, as noted.

RODENTIA.

SCIURIDAE.Type.

Sciurus wortmani Cope.......................... A. M.Sciurus ballovianus Cope................................. .

Allomys nitens Marsh.......................... Y." (Meniscomys) hippodus Cope............................. A. M.

Al/ao,,ys (Meniscomys) mu/ti liatsCoeAlEowzysMenicomy) r plfpicatfus Cope ....................................lioaophus Cope ...............................cavatius Cope.................................

CASTORID,fE.

Steneofibe- gradatus Cope................................ A. M.peninsulatus Cope.................................

GEOMYIDAE.

Pleurolicus sulcifrons Cope................................ A. M.le'ptophrys Cope........................................diplophysus Cope ....... .............................

Entoptychus planifrons Cope ..................................." cavifrons Cope........................ . ."

" minor Cope........................................Enfoptychus lambdoideus Cope .....................................

cr-assiramis Cope....................................

MURIDAE.

Hesperomys nermatodon Cope....................................... A. M.Paciculus lockingtonianus Cope...............................Paciculus insolitus Cope..........................................

LEPORIDiE.

Lepus ennisianus Cope '....................................... A. M.

CARNIVORA.CANIDE.

Paradaphanus I (Amphicyon) cuspigerus (Cope).............. A. M.Paradaphenus sp. indesc........................................ "

Amphicyon hartshornianus Cope(part).Nothocyon 2 (Galecynus) geismarianus (Cope)...................." "lemur (Cope)................ ............

"" latidens (Cope) ..........................Temnocyon altigenis Cope......................................Temnocyon wallaovianus Cope......................................

ferox Evermann....................................... P.

Includes all specimens from John Day referred by Cope to Palalolagus.2 Unpublished.

i899.] Matthew, Fresh- Water Tertiary of the West. 63

VIII. JOHN DAY.-Contintued.Type.

Hypotemnodon (Temnocyon) coryphaus (Cope).................. A. M.Hypotemnodon (7Temnnocyon)josephi (Cope)...........................Hy&nocyon basilatus Cope..................... ................. .... 4

" sec/orius Cope ......................................... "Oligobunis crassivultus Cope .................... ..............Enhydrocyon stenocephalus Cope..............................

MUSTELIDI)E.

Parictisprimevus Scott ....................... - . . P.

FELIDIE.

Dinictis cyclops Cope................ A. M.Archaelurus debilis Cope........................................Nimravus gomphodus Cope............................ ..."

Nimrravus confertus Cope.........................................Pogonodon platycopis Cope.....................................Pogonodon brachyops Cope.........................................Hoplophoneus cerebralis Cope..................................Hoplophoneus strigidens Cope (sp. indeterm.)........................

PERISSODACTYLA.

EQUIDiE .

Mesohippus (Anchitherium) prmstans (Cope) '.................... A. M.it it equiceps (Cope).

Mesohippus (Anchitherium) brachylophus (Cope)....................."64 longicristis (Cope).

"4 " 9 condoni Leidy2........................ U. S.(Miohipppus) annectens (Marsh) ........................ Y." anceps (Marsh)........................ "

LOPHIODONTIDiE.

? Colodon (Lophiodon) occidentalis Leidy 2............................ S.

RHINOCEROTIDA .Aceratherium pacificum Leidy. U. S.

? hesperiurm Leidy....................... ... "Aceratherium tubifer Cope (indet. sp.)......................... A. M.Aceratherium truquianum Cope..................................

annectens AIarsh..................................... Y.Diceratherium armatum Marsh..................................

nanum Marsh....................................

INDETERMINATE.

Daeodon shoshonensis Cope ................... . . .. A. M.

? CHALICOTHERIIDE (aut EDENTATA).

Moropus distansMarsh. Y." senex Marsh.

1 Bridge Creek (Merycochcerus Beds). 2 Bridge Creek.

64 Bulletin American AMuseum of Natural History. [Vol. XII,

VIII. JOHN DAY.-Concluded.

ARTIODACTYLA.ELOT HERIIDAi.

Type.Boochcerus humerosus Cope I.................................. I.. A. M.Elotherium imyera/orLeidy2................ U. S.

SUID2E.Bothrolabis (Dicotyles) pristinus Leidy2......... U. S.Bothrolabis tricharnus Cope............... A. M.

rostratus Cope.......................................' subacquans Cope .................. ..................

Chaenohyus decedens Cope..........................................Thinohyus lentus Marsh.......................................... Y.

" socialis Marsh..........................................

OREODONTID2E.

Agriochcerus trifrons Cope....................................... A. M." guyotianus Cope..................................

Agriochawrus ryderanus Cope...................................... ..

Agriochoerus (Coloreodon;ferox (Cope)............................ "id " macrocephalus (Cope)................... 6

Eporeodon occidentalis Marsh.................................. Y.Eucrotaphus jacksoni Leidy, part...............................

6 major Leidy,part.Eporeodon occidentalis var. leptacanthus (Cope) 3................ A. M.

it " 6 var. pacificus (Cope)3....................'Eporeodon trigonocephau Cp)Epoeoron rignocphalus (Cope).......................................

socialis Marsh........ ..... Y.mjor var. lon~gifrons(Cope4A.M"ma j ova.onis(Cpe)3 ....................................A. M.

Merycochcerus (Oreodon) superbus Leidy4........................ U. S.chelydra Cope4.................................. A. M.

Merycochacrus leidyi Bettany4 .....................................macrostegus Cope4.................................. A. M.

CAMELID2E.

Protomeryx (Gomphotherium) sternbergi Cope.................... A. M.cameloides Wortman4.............

Hypertragulus calcaratus Cope............................... . .

Perhaps the same as Elotherium imperator Leidy.2 Bridge Creek.3These may probably be distinct species.4 Bridge Creek Beds.

I899.1 Matthew, Fresh- Water Tertiary of the West.

IX. LOUP FORK.

The localities tabulated below are as follows:i. Northeastern Colorado. Headwaters of Cedar, Horsetail, and

Pawnee Creeks, in Logan and Weld counties, north of the SouthPlatte River. Sands and gravels overlying the White River clays,usually unconformnably with heavy conglomerates at or near thebase. Another unconformity of erosion occurs sometimes withinthe formation dividing it into horizons D and E (p. 23); but noimportant faunal distinctions appear. These unconformities oferosion in fluviatile beds ire not of much importance. Collec-tions made by Prof. Cope in I873 and I879, and Amer. Mus.Exped. of I898.

2. Laramie Peak, Wyoming. A small collection chiefly ofMerychyus, made for Prof. Cope in i88o.

3. Deep River, Montana. A limited area in the valley of DeepCreek or Smith River, near Great Falls. Collections made forProf. Cope in I877, and Princeton Expedition of I892.

4. Cottonwood, Oreyon. Cottonwood Creek in the valley of theJohn Day River. Collection made for Prof. Cope in I879 by Dr.J. L. Wortman.

5. Oregon Desert. See foot-note, p. 70.6. Nebraska. In the basins of the Loup River (Loup Fork)

and Niobrara River, and elsewhere in the central and northernpart of western Nebraska. The fauna, described mainly byLeidy and Marsh, is the typical and largest Loup Fork fauna.

7. New Mexico. This fauna was described by Cope in I874from the collections made by the Wheeler Survey, and now pre-served in the National Museum. Most of the species came fromthe Santa Fe basin.

8. Xansas-Nebraska. Northwestern Kansas and southwesternNebraska in the drainage basin of the Republican River. Thelatest of the Loup Fork faunas, some of it Pliocene accordingto Prof. Scott. The short-legged Rhinoceroses are the mostabundant fossil.

9. Texas. In northern Texas, near the head of the Red River,along the northeastern border of the Llano Estacado.

65

66 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XIIL

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899.1 Mztthew, Fresh- Water Tertiary of the West. 75

X. PLIOCENE.

A. PALO DURO.(GOODNIGHT BEDS.)

This fauna, except for the presence of Equus, corresponds withthe later Loup Fork fauna, which may also be Pliocene accordingto Prof. Scott. It is too scanty for certain correlation. Theformation overlies the Texas Loup Fork unconformably.'

PERISSODACTYLA.RHINOCEROTIDIE.

Aphelops sp .......................................................EQUIDIE.

Protohip.pus lenzticularis Cope.................................. . 1'.perditus Leidy .........................................Sps.....................................................

Pliohippus (HIippidiur) interpotatus(Cope).T.spectans (Cope)................................

Equus eurystylusCope... T.? sim,nplicidens Cope ..........................................

B. BLANCO.CARNIVORA.

CANID2E.Canimartes cummrinsii Cope............................. 1.Borophagus diversidens Cope........................ ..............

..

Felis hillanus Cope................................................. ..

EDENTATA.

MAegalony,x teptostomus Cope......................................... T.

PROBOSCIDEA.Dibelodon humboldtii (Cuvier) .......................................

tropicus.................................................pracursor Cope............................ T.

Tetrabelodon shepardii (Leidy)2......................................PERISSODACTYLA.

EQUID)E.

Equus simplicidens Cope............................................. T.cumzinsii Cope .............................................

" minutus Cope........ .

ARTIODACTYLA.SUID2E.

Platygonus bicakearatu.- Cope..... T.CAMELID2E.

Piauchenia spatula Cope..... T.1 Texas Geol. Sur. Rep., I892.2 One specimen in American Museum of Natural History.

by matthew. - core.ac.uk · three strata, two at the bottom of the puerco beds, one in the ......

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