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BG 75/2018

Building Services Analytics

By Mitch Layng

BG 75-2018 Building Services Analytics2.indd 1 01/11/2018 14:27:05

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BSRIA is the owner or the licensee of all intellectual property rights in this publication, and in the content published in it. All risk associated with the use of material from this publication is assumed entirely by the user. Full terms and conditions can be found at www.bsria.co.uk/terms.

Acknowledgements

This publication was written by Mitch Layng of Layng Energy Solutions and was designed and produced by Joanna Smith of BSRIA. BSRIA would like to thank the following organisations and individuals for participating in the project:

Chris Bennett Evora Global

Mike Darby Demand Logic

Sonny Masero Demand Logic

Peter McDermott Mott MacDonald and the CIBSE Intelligent Buildings Group

Geoff Prudence CIBSE FM Group

© BSRIA September 2018ISBN 978-0-86022-765-6Printed by Lavenham Press


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BG 75/2018

Building Services Analytics

By Mitch Layng


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BUILDING SERVICES ANALYTICS BG 75/2018 | v

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Contents

1 Introduction 11.1 Purpose of publication 21.2 Definition of analytics and big data 41.3 Utilising building information modelling (BIM) 6

2 Data Process 92.1 Data collection 102.2 Data management 112.3 Data analytics 152.4 Data presentation 182.5 Data feedback to improve performance 19

3 Data security and confidentiality 24 3.1 Security threats 25

3.2 Security protection 273.3 Confidentiality 24

4 Metering 304.1 Types of meters 314.2 Automated meter reading (AMR) and smart meters 324.3 Data process 344.4 Data collection 344.5 Data transmission 354.6 Data storage 364.7 Data presentation 36

5 Building systems 375.1 Controls 385.2 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning plant 405.3 Lighting 425.4 Life protection systems 435.5 Vertical transport 445.6 Security systems 455.7 Wearables 46

6 Building operation 486.1 Benefits for facilities management 486.2 Impact on maintenance 50

References 57

Bibliography 58


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BUILDING SERVICES ANALYTICS BG 75/2018 | 1©BSRIA

1 Introduction

Connected devices are changing people’s lives like never before, and this change is being led by the consumer environment. However, the built environment is changing rapidly too, and this is leading to innovative processes in building services and associated sectors.

Technology is bringing new opportunities and challenges to how buildings are designed and managed, in all sectors of the industry, from healthcare to offices, both in the private and in the public sectors. These advances in technology are affecting employees’ working habits and their health and wellbeing, which is helping to promote people’s work-life balance. Advances in technology related to healthcare are becoming interlinked with buildings and their facilities, enabling a more efficient way of managing health generally.

The leisure and retail sectors in particular are becoming aware that the analysis and reporting of big data creates opportunities to ensure the correct environment is maintained, and the right facilities are available, creating a better experience for the customer.

The value of big data in the built environment is only just beginning to be realised by the industry as a whole. The range of sensors that are linked to, or part of, plant and equipment is becoming greater. Wearables and mobile devices are ubiquitous, and all of these devices are becoming more and more affordable.

Building services can generate vast amounts of information. Connected devices are providing more and more information, and this information is becoming more accessible. The usefulness of these interconnected devices can be tremendous and ranges from enhancing life safety and security to building automation control and reporting. But many building operators lack convenient ways to turn the flood of data into information they can use to prioritise and act. Analytics software can help solve that problem. Sophisticated analytics algorithms scan and filter data to find patterns, trends and problems that would otherwise be obscured by the sheer volume of data.


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BG 75/2018 BUILDING SERVICES ANALYTICS2 |

Introduction

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Many components of building services are now capable of communicating valuable data about their environment and operation. The Internet of Things (IoT) is drastically changing many industries, including the building services sector. Access to this data opens up new opportunities for businesses, building owners and building operators to improve the operation of their systems. The key drivers for this are to:

• Reduce costs

• Optimise energy consumption

• Streamline and improve maintenance strategies

• Reduce carbon emissions

• Improve occupants’ health and wellbeing

• Maximise productivity

• Improve customer experience

• Ensure compliance with regulations

• Demonstrate corporate and social responsibility.

• Attract investors

• Improve reliability of business-critical systems

• Validate investments in energy savings measures and system upgrades

In addition to the above incentives, interaction with other parts of businesses, such as human resources and IT, are beginning to provide important benefits in terms of maximising output and helping to ensure happy occupiers and customers.

There are opportunities, particularly at the design stage, installation stage, and when plant and equipment is renewed or replaced, to obtain valuable data from these smart devices, and to use this data to optimise the performance of building services. Getting access to the data is one thing and can have its own challenges, but the real key is to create value from it. There is an increase in the support being provided by analytics specialists in this area, particularly around energy management and facilities management. A new industry is developing which presents many opportunities.


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BUILDING SERVICES ANALYTICS BG 75/2018 | 9©BSRIA

2 Data Process

There are many common processes related to data for all building services equipment, as they all involve production, transmission, storage and analysis of data from sensors on the equipment. This section describes the common processes applicable across all types of building services equipment.

The following four steps apply to the data process from building services equipment:

• Data Collection

• Data Management

• Data Analysis

• Data Presentation


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BUILDING SERVICES ANALYTICS BG 75/2018 | 13

Data Process

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6LoWPAN A protocol for mesh networking for small devices – an IPv6 version of IEEE 802.15.4.

AllJoyn An open source framework

Allseen Alliance An open source project focusing on the IoT Alljoin framework. Backed by Canon, LG, Microsoft, Philips, Sharp, Sony.

Bluetooth Low Energy A lower-power version of Bluetooth for the IoT, with longer range and support for mesh networking. It was formerly known as Bluetooth Smart.

FIWARE An independent open community committed to building open software standards.

Hypercat A hypermedia catalogue format designed for exposing information about IoT assets over the web. Backed by IBM, Cisco, Fujitsu and Accenture

IEEE 802.11ah A standard for lower-power Wi-Fi connectivity for battery-powered devices.

IEEE 802.15.4 A standard for low data rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs).

IEEE 802.16 A series of wireless broadband standards

IEEE P2413 A project that serves as an umbrella for all of IoT

IIC The Industrial Internet Consortium, an open-membership not-for-profit consortium setting an architectural framework for the industrial internet. Backed by Cisco, AT&T, IBM, GE and Intel

IoTivity An open source software framework to address the emerging needs of the IoT. Intel and Samsung are the main drivers.

IPSO Alliance An open, informal thought leading association to promote use of networking smart objects

ISA 100.11a A wireless networking standard developed by the International Society of Automation

ITU SG20 An International Telecommunication Union study group that looks at IoT technologies

LoRaWAN A low power wide area networking protocol based on a specification intended for wireless battery operated devices. Backed by IBM and Cisco

OCF The Open Connectivity Foundation, formerly known as the Open Interconnect Consortium (OIC), aims to help unify IoT standards. Sponsors include Cisco, Electrolux, GE, Intel, Microsoft and Qualcom.

oneM2M A global standards initiative for machine-to-machine communications and IoT

Project Haystack A project that focuses on developing semantic modelling solutions for data related to smart devices including building equipment. Sponsors include Siemens, Lynxspring, SkyFoundry, Arup,Tridium.

Thread An open protocol used for home devices such as Nest devices

ULE Low power version of Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecoms, promoted by the Ultra Low Energy Alliance

Wi-Fi HaLow A protocol for products incorporating IEEE 802.11ah technology

WiMax An acronym for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access - a family of wireless communication standards based on the IEEE 802.16 standard

WirelessHART A multi-vendor interoperable standard based on the Highway Addressable Remote Transducer protocol

Z-Wave Lower-power mesh networking technology licensed by Sigma Designs

Zigbee A low power, low data rate, close proximity wireless ad hoc network based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard.

Table 1 - IoT glossary


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