by: ms. susan m. pojer horace greeley hs chappaqua, ny
DESCRIPTION
Mid-19c European Nationalism. By: Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY. The Crimean War [1854-1856]. Russia [claimed protectorship over the Orthodox Christians in the Ottoman Empire]. Ottoman Empire Great Britain France Piedmont-Sardinia. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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By: Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS
Chappaqua, NY
By: Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS
Chappaqua, NY
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The Crimean War [1854-1856]
The Crimean War [1854-1856]
Russia[claimed
protectorship over the Orthodox
Christians in the Ottoman Empire]
Ottoman Empire
Great Britain
France
Piedmont-Sardinia
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The Charge of the Light Brigade:
The Battle of Balaklava [1854]
The Charge of the Light Brigade:
The Battle of Balaklava [1854]
A romanticized poem of the battle by Alfred Lord Tennyson
Half a league, half a league, Half a league onward,All in the valley of Death Rode the six hundred."Forward, the Light Brigade!"Charge for the guns!" he said:Into the valley of Death Rode the six hundred…
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The Crimean War [1854-1856]
The Crimean War [1854-1856]
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Florence Nightingale [1820-1910]
Florence Nightingale [1820-1910]
“The Lady with the Lamp”
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Treaty of Paris [1856]Treaty of Paris [1856]
No Russian or Ottoman naval forces on the Black Sea.
All the major powers agreed to respect the political integrity of the Ottoman Empire.
Who benefitted?
Who lost big?
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Count Cavour
[The “Head”]
Giuseppi Garibaldi
[The “Sword”]
King Victor Emmanuel
II
Giuseppi Mazzini
[The “Heart”]
Italian Nationalist LeadersItalian Nationalist Leaders
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Pope Pius IX: The “Spoiler”?
Pope Pius IX: The “Spoiler”?
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Garibaldi Defends Rome Against the
French, (April 30, 1849)
Garibaldi Defends Rome Against the
French, (April 30, 1849)
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Sardinia-Piedmont: The “Magnet”
Sardinia-Piedmont: The “Magnet”
Italian unification movement:
Risorgimento [“Resurgence
”]
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Step #1: Carbonari Insurrections: 1820-1821
Step #1: Carbonari Insurrections: 1820-1821
“Coalmen.”
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Step #2: Piedmont-Sardinia Sends Troops
to the Crimea
Step #2: Piedmont-Sardinia Sends Troops
to the Crimea
What does Piedmont-Sardinia get in return?
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Step #3: Cavour & Napoleon III Meet at
Plombières, 1858
Step #3: Cavour & Napoleon III Meet at
Plombières, 1858
What “deals” are made here?
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Step #4: Austro-Sardinian War,
1859
Step #4: Austro-Sardinian War,
1859
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Step #5: Austro-Prussian War, 1866
Step #5: Austro-Prussian War, 1866
Austria loses control of Venetia.
Venetia is annexed to Italy.
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Step #6: Garibaldi & His “Red Shirts” Unite with Cavour
Step #6: Garibaldi & His “Red Shirts” Unite with Cavour
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Step #7: French Troops Leave Rome, 1870
Step #7: French Troops Leave Rome, 1870
Italy is united!
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A Unified Peninsula!A Unified Peninsula!
A contemporary British cartoon, entitled "Right Leg in the Boot at Last," shows Garibaldi helping Victor Emmanuel put on the Italian boot.
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The Kingdom of Italy: 1871
The Kingdom of Italy: 1871
What problems still remain for Italy?
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Zollverein, 1834Zollverein, 1834
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Prussia/Austria RivalryPrussia/Austria Rivalry
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Kaiser Wilhelm IKaiser Wilhelm I
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Helmut von MoltkeHelmut von Moltke
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Chancellor Otto von Bismarck
Chancellor Otto von Bismarck
“Blood&
Iron”
RealpolitikThe “IronChancello
r”
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Otto von Bismarck . . . .
Otto von Bismarck . . . .The less people know about how
sausages and laws are made, the better they’ll sleep at night.
Never believe in anything until it has been officially denied.
The great questions of the day will not be settled by speeches and majority decisions—that was the mistake of 1848-1849—but by blood and iron.
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Otto von Bismarck . . . .
Otto von Bismarck . . . .
I am bored. The great things are done. The German Reich is made.
A generation that has taken a beating is always followed by a generation that deals one.
Some damned foolish thing in the Balkans will provoke the next war.
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TheGerman
Confederation
TheGerman
Confederation
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Step #1:
The Danish
War[1864]
Step #1:
The Danish
War[1864]The Peace of
ViennaThe Peace of
Vienna
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Step #2: Austro-Prussian War
[Seven Weeks’ War], 1866
Step #2: Austro-Prussian War
[Seven Weeks’ War], 1866
PrussiaPrussia
AustriaAustria
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Step #3: Creation of the Northern German
Confederation, 1867
Step #3: Creation of the Northern German
Confederation, 1867Shortly following the victory of Prussia, Bismarck eliminated the Austrian led German Confederation.
He then established a new North German Confederation which Prussia could control Peace of Prague
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Step #4: Ems Dispatch [1870]:
Catalyst for War
Step #4: Ems Dispatch [1870]:
Catalyst for War1868 revolt in Spain.
Spanish leaders wantedPrince Leopold von Hohenz.[a cousin to the Kaiser & aCatholic], as their new king.
France protested & his name was withdrawn.
The Fr. Ambassador asked the Kaiser at Ems to apologize to Nap. III for supporting Leopold.
Bismarck “doctored” the telegram from Wilhelm to the French Ambassador to make it seem as though the Kaiser had insulted Napoleon III.
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Step #5: Franco-Prussian War
[1870-1871]
Step #5: Franco-Prussian War
[1870-1871]
German soldiers “abusing” the French.
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Step #4: Franco-Prussian War
[1870-1871]
Step #4: Franco-Prussian War
[1870-1871]
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Bismarck & Napoleon III After Sedan
Bismarck & Napoleon III After Sedan
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Treaty of Frankfurt [1871]Treaty of Frankfurt [1871]
The Second French Empire collapsed and was replaced by the Third French Empire.The Italians took Rome and made it their capital.Russia put warships in the Black Sea [in defiance of the 1856 Treaty of Paris that ended the Crimean War]. -------------------France paid a huge indemnity and was occupied by German troops until it was paid.France ceded Alsace-Lorraine to Germany [a region rich in iron deposits with a flourishing textile industry].
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Coronation of Kaiser Wilhelm I
[r. 1871–1888]
Coronation of Kaiser Wilhelm I
[r. 1871–1888]
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Prussian Junkers Swear Their Allegiance to the
Kaiser
Prussian Junkers Swear Their Allegiance to the
Kaiser
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German Imperial
Flag
German Imperial
Flag
German for “Empire.”
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Bismarck Manipulatingthe Reichstag
Bismarck Manipulatingthe Reichstag
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Bismarck’s Kulturkampf:Anti-Catholic Program
Bismarck’s Kulturkampf:Anti-Catholic Program
Take education and marriage out of the hands of the clergy civil marriages only recognized.
The Jesuits are expelled from Germany.
The education of Catholic priests would be under the supervision of the German government.
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Bismarck’s Reapproachment
With the Catholic Church
Bismarck’s Reapproachment
With the Catholic Church
Bismarck & Pope Leo XIII
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Kaiser Wilhelm II [r. 1888-1918]
Kaiser Wilhelm II [r. 1888-1918]
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Queen Victoria’s Grandchildren
Queen Victoria’s Grandchildren
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“Dropping
thePilot”[1890]
“Dropping
thePilot”[1890]
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Kaiser Wilhelm IIKaiser Wilhelm II
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Differing Nationalities in the
Austrian Empire
Differing Nationalities in the
Austrian Empire
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Austrian Imperial Flag
Austrian Imperial Flag
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Emperor Franz Josef I [r. 1848-1916]
Emperor Franz Josef I [r. 1848-1916]
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The Compromise of 1867:The Dual Monarchy Austria-
Hungary
The Compromise of 1867:The Dual Monarchy Austria-
Hungary
The Hungarian Flag
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Russian Imperial FlagRussian Imperial Flag
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Russian ExpansionRussian Expansion
A heterogeneous empire
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Nicholas I [r. 1825-1855]Nicholas I [r. 1825-1855]
Autocracy!
Orthodoxy!
Nationalism!
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Alexander II [r. 1855-1881]Alexander II [r. 1855-1881]
Defeat in the Crimean War.
Emancipation of the Russian serfs [1861-1863].
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Alexander III [r. 1881-1894]Alexander III [r. 1881-1894]
Reactionary.
Slavophile.
“Russification” program.
Jews forced migration to the Pale
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Russian ExpansionRussian Expansion
The
Pale
The
Pale
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Forced Migration of Russia’s Jews
Forced Migration of Russia’s Jews
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The Ottoman Empire -- Late 19c
“The Sicker Man of Europe”
The Ottoman Empire -- Late 19c
“The Sicker Man of Europe”