by: rabab shamayleh & brian freeman integrated ... pollution in kuwait hazardous effects of oil...
TRANSCRIPT
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By: Rabab Shamayleh &Brian Freeman
Integrated Environmental Solutions
3rd Kuwait Waste Management Conference & Exhibition7 April 2010Radisson Blu, Kuwait
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Soil pollution in Kuwait
Hazardous effects of oil contaminated soil
Introduction to bio-piling
Criteria for evaluating bio-pile effectiveness
Site requirements and system design
Operating, monitoring and maintenance
System advantages
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Historical factors that caused the Kuwaiti soil pollution:
Aftermath of Iraqi Invasion◦ 700 oil wells set on fire/7 months
◦ Oil lakes/ 40 Million tons of contaminated soil
Years of controlled activities within Oil Industry◦ Underground storage tanks
◦ Pipeline leaks
◦ Spills and accidents
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Health effects◦ Chronic health and respiratory problems
◦ Cancer
◦ Disorder of central nervous system
◦ Gene deformities
Ecosystem effects◦ Flora
◦ Fauna
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IndirectExposure
InhalationExposure
Route
TransportMedium: Air
Release Mechanism(Volatilization)
Groundwater Flow
Transport Medium:Groundwater
IngestionExposure
Route
DermalExposure
Route
vapors to
indoor air
DirectExposure
Source
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An environmental cleanup technology that uses microorganisms that naturally occur in soil, to destroy organic contaminants into CO2 and H2O
Involves heaping contaminated soils into piles (or cells) and stimulating aerobic microbial activity within the soil through aeration and addition of nutrients and moisture
Widely used in US and Europe
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Applicability:◦ Low molecular weight hydrocarbons
◦ Heavy Chain Hydrocarbons
◦ Gasoline
◦ Diesel and heating Fuel
◦ Generally, all constituents in petroleum products
Treatment time typically 3-6 months
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How effective is Bio-piling?
◦ Effective in cleaning petroleum contaminant in soil for concentrations as low as 1 ppm and as high as 50,000 ppm
◦ If petroleum concentrations are higher than 50,000 ppm then dilution by blending is necessary
Reduction in TPH concentration up to 95%
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Treatability study purpose: Determine if contaminant in soil can be degraded to
acceptable levels by indigenous microorganisms and existing soil and environmental conditions
Compare to acceptable ranges
Establish new conditions that would maintain and enhance the health of the indigenous microorganisms
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Parameters used to evaluate the effectiveness of bio-piling system:
1. Soil characteristics◦ Microbial population density◦ Soil pH◦ Soil Moisture Content◦ Soil temperature◦ Nutrient concentrations◦ Soil texture
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2. Petroleum Contaminant Characteristics◦ Volatility
◦ Chemical structure
◦ Concentration and toxicity
3. Environmental conditions◦ Ambient temperature
◦ Rainfall
◦ wind
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Site selection◦ Secured area◦ Outside of residential areas◦ Solid and flat ground◦ Close to utilities (water and electricity)
Typical bio-piling facility include:◦ Bio-piles◦ Contaminated soil and clean soil storage/receiving areas◦ Offices and laboratory space◦ Equipment holding zone
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Office Lab
Exit- Clean soil handover
Equipment storage area
Clean soil collection/ storage area
Contaminated soil collection /storage area
Entrance
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Height of bio-piles varies between 1m-3m
System size example: 1.5m x 4m x L
Additional land area around the bio-pile is required for access
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Onsite operation will require a limited yet diverse group of specialists:◦ Onsite workers
◦ Office workers
◦ Field supervisor
◦ Field technician
◦ Remediation engineer
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Base Construction◦ Cleared and graded land
◦ Clay or asphalt foundation
◦ Geo-textile liner at base
◦ Leachatte collection system/ berm
◦ Clean sand base
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Moisture and Nutrients System◦ Nutrient mixing tank
◦ Mechanical mixer
◦ Nutrient amendment piping (drip-line irrigation)
◦ Delivery pump
◦ Flow meter
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Aeration System◦ Air compressor
◦ Air flow instrumentation
◦ Air distribution piping
◦ Air liquid separator
◦ Vacuum blower
◦ Valves at the manifold branch points
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Bio-pile formation◦ Installing soil/gas monitoring points
◦ Time zero sampling
◦ Cover bio-pile
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Monitoring plan:
Sampling events and intervals are according to schedule
To ensure optimization of biodegradation rates and track constituent concentration reductions
Monitor GW, emissions and runoff
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Operation plan:
A flexible operation plan that is modified based on the results of regular monitoring involve:◦ Frequency of air injection rate
◦ Nutrient application rate
◦ Moisture addition frequency
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Maintenance plan:
Aeration system maintenance
Moisture and nutrient system maintenance
Bio-pile cover repair
Security/ vandalism checkup
Piping repair
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Save money and effort
Use less energy
Enhance company reputation
Remediated soil safely reused
No residuals or by products
Reduce human exposure/onsite disaster risk
Lower stress on the environment
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Any Questions?