BY: SAVANNAH C, MEAGHAN S AND CHRIS C.

Cathedrals and Castles

Building a Cathedral

Materials Mainly made of

limestone Mortar-binded rocks ,

form of cement Wood- held up roofs

and doors More money the

Bishop had = bigger cathedral

Used columns to help spread out and support weight

Building a Cathedral

Can weigh up to 150,00 tons Stones can weight up to 5.5 each Minimal technology used to move

stones

Can cost up to $2oo millionTakes around 100 years to buildProblems

Can be attacked while building New bishops often wanted to change

huge parts, thus causing it to take longer

Ornamentation

Gargoyles- helped get rid of water from rain gutters

Tympanum design usually conveyed a biblical message

Stained glass Light went through

rather than reflected off Symbolic in the way that

light equates with goodness

Sculptures and stain glass tells the story of God that the bible doesn’t tell

St. Pau’ls Cathedral: London, England

History Built between 1675 and 1710 Present cathedral was

completed on October 20th, 1708

3 cathedrals built Built by Saxons but was

burned down in 675 Built by Normans after

Saxons was burned down Old St. Paul’s burned down in

The Great London Fire in 1666

St. Paul’s Cathedral

West and front towers- a stairway with 6 sets of double columns

Nave- main part of cathedral that is very long, high dome ceilings, black and white floors

Chapels- 3 chapels total: All Souls Chapel, The Chapel of the Order of St. Michael and St. George and St. Dunstan’s Chapel

Crypt- contains over 200 memorialsDome and galleries- dome rises 108.4 meters

from the floorContains 3 circular galleries

St. Paul’s Cathedral

St. Paul’s Hallways and Dome

Notre Dame: Paris, France

Begun in 1163 and ended in 1250 1163: Foundation 1200: West front started, many

different architects created different layers

1210-1220: Rose window and great halls

1245: Everything finished Attacked during the

French Revolution Sculptures were destroyed and

was redecorated

Notre Dame: Paris, France

Features West front Galerie Des Chimères Kings Gallery West rose window 5 portals and 3 stained glass

windows

Building a Castle

Materials Large blocks of stone, cut with precision Solid walls and pillars Pointed arches that could support weight Towers surrounded by more slender towers Used a chisel to make decorative designs

Struggles Took long to build People tried to destroy them

Ornamentation

Fortresses built on hills and had moatsVery highGargoyles Hammerbeam roofsWider windowsFlying buttresses distributed the

weight

Windsor Castle: Berkshire,England

Was built in 1080Gradually became a Royal

residenceOriginally built to protect

Norman dominance around the outskirts of London

Middle Ward- heart of the castle

State apartments- many decorated rooms

Castle gardens stretch east from the Upper Ward across a 20th-century terrace

Windsor Castle: Berkshire, England

Works Cited

http://www.royal.gov.uk/TheRoyalResidences/WindsorCastle/History.aspx Windsor Castle History

http://www.sacred-destinations.com/england/london-st-pauls-cathe

dral St. Paul’s Cathedralhttp://www.medieval-castles.net/

castle_history/index.htm Castle History