by supavadee aramvith, prasit prapinmongkolkarn, akarapon kongchanagul, ekachai phakdurong, udomsak...
TRANSCRIPT
By
Supavadee Aramvith, Prasit Prapinmongkolkarn ,
Akarapon Kongchanagul, Ekachai Phakdurong,
Udomsak Luengkhwan and Chatpetch Bunyakate,
E-mail: [email protected]
Email: [email protected]
Innovative Broadband Models for Digital Inclusion
ContentsI. INTRODUCTIONII. ENABLING BROADBAND SATELLITE
TECHONOLOGY AND GROUND SYSTEM -Broadband SatelliteIII. COMPARISON WITH WIMAX AND CDMA470 -WiMAX -CDMA 2000 1x at 470 MHzIV. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS -Broadband Satellite -Sustainability of Broadband Satellite -WiMAX -CDMA 2000 1x at 470 MHzV. CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS
I) Introduction
Total Terrestrial Broadband
DSL
Cable Modem
FTTx
Total Terrestrial Broadband
DSL
Cable Modem
FTTx
In recent years, broadband internet has been actively promoted by regulators from ITU member countries.
This was due to the growth of broadband internet connectivity around the world.
Despite the substantial growth in the broadband
internet connectivity, there is still a large gap in the
ability to access information between rural
and urban areas or a digital divide.
313.6 Million
Broadband Lines
Figure 1 World broadband lines pass 313.6 million
I) Introduction (Cont.)
To tackle the problem of the digital divide in Thailand, The National Telecommunications Commission (NTC) Thailand together with operators in the field of telecommunications had recently joint hands to develop various “Innovative Broadband Models for Digital Inclusion” for the purpose of providing more telecommunications access to villages, schools and health centers in remote areas of Thailand through the use of the capacity demand sharing IP-based broadband communication technique.
Broadband
Satellite
WiMAXCDMA 2000
II) ENABLING BROADBAND SATELLITE TECHONOLOGY AND GROUND SYSTEM:Broadband Satellite
Conventional
Satellite
C-band (6/4GHz) UL/DL
Ku-band (14/12
GHz) UL/DL
Not suitable to serve the requirement of frequency re-use with multi-spot
beams.
Suitable to generate
‘spot’ beams with limited bandwidth normally of
500 MHz
IPSTAR
ITU-R Rain Attenuation compare between BKK at 12.2 Ghz and GNV at 20 GHz
Rain Atten Compare BKK and GNV
-18.00
-16.00
-14.00
-12.00
-10.00
-8.00
-6.00
-4.00
-2.00
0.00
99
.58
99
.60
99
.62
99
.64
99
.66
99
.68
99
.70
99
.72
99
.74
99
.76
99
.78
99
.80
99
.82
99
.84
99
.86
99
.88
99
.90
99
.92
99
.94
99
.96
99
.98
10
0.0
0
Link availability (%)
Ra
in A
tte
n (
dB
)
BKK 12.2 GHz
SWIZ GNV 20 GHz
Rain attenuation of BKK with Freq 12.2GHz (Ku band downlink) is higher than GNV with Freq 20 GHz (Ka Band downlink) ~ 1-2 dB
Fig. 2 IPSTAR satellite and
footprint
Fig. 3
IPSTAR:Ku-band (14/12 GHz) = lower rain attenuation
Ka-band (27-29/18-20 GHz) = wider bandwidth
Development of technology for ground equipment has enabled to increase power and spectrum is to achieve efficiency by incorporating in head-end modem at the set-top box with turbo product codes (TPCs) and/or Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) together with Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM) technique in Forward Error Correction (FEC). This not only the increase in the amount of spectrum by frequency re-use in IPSTAR, but also the increase of the efficient use of spectrum by IPSTAR ground system.
II) ENABLING BROADBAND SATELLITE TECHONOLOGY AND GROUND SYSTEM:
Broadband Satellite (Cont.)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Effective Bit Efficiency: EBE (bps / Hz)
Mod
em C
/N th
resh
old
IPSTAR modem
ConventionalModem
Figure 4 The IPSTAR modem and conventional modem efficiency comparison
IPSTAR system with ACM
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0.33 0.335 0.34 0.345 0.35 0.355 0.36
TIme
C/N
Measurement C/N
Req. C/N
QPSK 835
QPSK660
QPSK49
QPSK 325
IPSTAR system without ACM
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0.33 0.335 0.34 0.345 0.35 0.355 0.36
TIme
C/N
Measurment C/N
Req. C/N
QPSK
II) ENABLING BROADBAND SATELLITE TECHONOLOGY AND GROUND SYSTEM:
Broadband Satellite (Cont.)
Figure 5 The measured C/N data and required threshold C/N with ACM and without ACM
II) ENABLING BROADBAND SATELLITE TECHONOLOGY AND GROUND SYSTEM:
Broadband Satellite (Cont.)
Satellite Broadband Technology Category
Representative Offerings Capacity (per system)
Ku-band (FSS) DirecPC / DirecWay, StarBand, SkyBridge 500 Mbps
Ka-band (bent pipe) iPStar, WildBlue, Astra-Net 30 Gbps
Ka-band (on-board processing) Astrolink, SpaceWay, Teledesic 30 Gbps
Mobile (3G MSS) (L-band) Airplane (Ku-FSS)
Inmarsat's B-GAN, New ICO Connexion
100 Mbps 500 Mbps
Spectrum improvement
Higher capacity than conventional
satellitesBetter economy-
of-scale Lower price per unit for air-time
Massive capacity
Support a massive number
of end users
Bring the cost of end-user
terminal down
Broadband
satellite service
is affordable to end
usersTable 1 Compares the capacity of various satellites in service
III COMPARISON WITH WIMAX AND CDMA470:WiMAX: Policy & Backgrounds
Based on the availability of spectrum for telecommunication services for the WiMAX frequency bands, the National Telecommunications Commission (NTC) using technology neutrality approach has a policy to assign the 2.5 GHz and 2.6 GHz bands for IMT 2000 and beyond including WiMAX after refarming 2.5 and 2.6 GHz. This bandwas originally used for fixed microwave MMDS links mainly by TOT Corporation and shared by broadcasting service. However, there is still a vacant band of 30 MHz for licensing to WiMAX at the beginning of 2.5 GHz
For the provision, 2.3 GHz and 2.4 GHz which is still available will be assigned for WiMAX for three licenses each with 30 MHz for a license period of minimum 5 years (Fig. A)
III COMPARISON WITH WIMAX AND CDMA470:WiMAX: Policy
Fig. A: Spectrum Allocation of 2.3 – 2.690 GHz in Thailand
Field testing of WiMAX initiated by NTC:
Objective: To ensure the Mobile WiMAX technology’s workability in various locations and environments with various frequency bands and various applications.
Date: Between March – November 2008 Participants Granted testing Licenses: 14 telecom operators with 7
different WiMAX suppliers Frequency bands: 2.3 GHz, 2.4 GHz & 2.5 GHz Bandwidth: 3.3 MHz/sector, 5 MHz/sector,
8.75MHz/sector to 10 MHz/sector. Limitation: TDD only Testing Scope: LOS, NLOS, based on fixed, nomadic, portability and
simple mobility circumstances. Tested Applications: VoIP, Web Browsing, video streaming video
conferencing, interactive gaming and file transfer protocol.
III COMPARISON WITH WIMAX AND CDMA470:WiMAX: Field Testing
Other Projects where WiMAX were Deployed:
III COMPARISON WITH WIMAX AND CDMA470: (Cont.)WiMAX: Other Projects
Telehealth Teleeducation & E-Learning
Picture 1.Telehealth check up in Phang Nga, Southern Thailand
Picture 2. Teleeducation and E-Learning through WiMAX, Mae Fah Luang University
CDMA 2000 1x at 470 MHz has been developed by TOT Corporation to cover remote villages at a distance of about 10 kms with maximum power within 60 watts and channel bandwidth of 1.23 MHz.
Not new approach, since other countries had also deployed similar technologies.
Currently CDMA 2000 1x at 470 MHz has been deployed based on Universal Service Obligation scheme to provide 2 public phone lines and one 256 kbps internet access for the remote villages in Thailand.
In addition, the use of EV-DO technology has been instrumental in providing easier and faster access to medical facilities and enhancing rural and underserved communities’ economic and social development by providing them with medical and educational resources.
III COMPARISON WITH WIMAX AND CDMA470: (Cont.)CDMA 2000 1x at 470 MHz
IV PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS Satellite
•In Thailand, the deployment of IPSTAR has been instrumental in providing rural connectivity for the USO project since 2006.
•In Australia, programs such as HiBIS & Australian Broadband Guarantee Program subsidize cost of providing broadband service to consumers in regional, rural and remote locations through the use of IPSTAR.
•A satellite platform, like IPSTAR, is the simplest, most economical solution for swift deployment a telecommunication backbone and to link rural communities to the world.
•IPSTAR deployment in Thailand: 69K users•IPSTAR deployment in Australia: 68K users
USER/ SERVICES Public CommunityInstitute Enterprise
Private (Household, Individual)
Voice Telephone (Fixed or Mobile)
Pay phone public call cent
Institutional fixed telephone service (or GSM or CDMA)
Individual mobile phone, HH fixed line
Data/ Internet (dial-up or broadband)
Community telecentre, cyber café, WiFi/WiMAX
Institutional Internet, Intranet; LAN/WAN
Private dial-up, broadband
Voice/ Data/ Internet (Broadband Satellite)
Community Telephone/Telecentre
Community Internet connecting with District Administration
Private/ broadband Satellite
IV PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS (Cont.) Sustainability of Broadband
Satellite
Table 2 Option for Service Objectives
NLOS Coverage: 1.5 km to 7.3 kmLOS Coverage: 20 kmSpectrum efficiency: Varied from 0.647 bps/Hz to
2.15 bps/Hz Interference: Detected between WiMAX signal and
MMDS No interference between WiMAX
themselves.• Max UL: 5.5 Mbps• Max DL: 15 Mbps• Ratio of DL/UL: 2/1 to 29/18• Video streaming quality: Very for single channel,
but degraded as more channels were added.
IV PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS (Cont.) WiMAX: Test Results
IV PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS (Cont.) WiMAX: Test Results
Figure 6: Interference from Unknown Signal and WiFi to WiMAX Using Sector 2 for spectrum of 100 MHz when RPAU is switched off
IV PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS (Cont.) WiMAX: Test Results
Figure 7: Comparison of Undesired Signal levels with WiMAX
The system has more or less the same performance similar to CDMA 2000 at other bands such as 850 MHz and 1800 MHz The difference is the distance coverage by using 470 MHz, it tends to cover distance at least 25% farther than of 850 MHz and 1800 MHz easily.
IV PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS (Cont.) CDMA 2000 1x at 470 MHz
V Conclusion and Recommendations (Cont.)
Satellite For both broadband internet and vertical
application in the high income-per-capita countries and not high income-per-capita countries, respectively, IPSTAR broadband satellite could service in varieties of application. The extendable and sustainable broadband satellite service would be accomplished with supporting government policy e.g. provides funding to end-users in rural area to be accessible to broadband internet. Likewise, supporting geographical area, population distribution will always be a plus.
WiMAX testing shows that the technology both pre-WiMAX and IEEE 802.16d is robust and ready for service by both the manufacturer and the service providers.
Mobile WiMAX NLOS testing shows that due to attenuation from buildings and multipath fading, the ratio of signal power to interference power decreases, resulting in degradation of the quality of picture. Thus mobile WiMAX service in Bangkok where it is densely populated and surrounded with high-rise buildings, the indoor quality of service decreases tremendously.
V Conclusion and Recommendations (Cont.)WiMAX
The testing of mobility, the vehicle speed moving at 60 Km/hr still yield good WiMAX results. The full mobility feature may guarantee quality of signal at a vehicle speed of more than 60 Km/hr, but was not tested yet.
Fixed WiMAX can be deployed to connect remote villages at a distance of 20 kms to the center and relays the signal to surrounding villages by mobile WiMAX (NLOS)
V Conclusion and Recommendations (Cont.)WiMAX
As for CDMA 470 MHz, in view of a more efficient use of the already allocated 470 MHz band, it is more cost effective for rural telecommunications in remote villages due to farther coverage distance and less infrastructure investment. However in long term perspective the cost of operating of CDMA 470 MHz might be more expensive since the penetration of CDMA 470 or 450 MHz is not so promising
V Conclusion and Recommendations (Cont.)
CDMA 2000 1x at 470 MHz
IPSTAR Broadband Satellite system, WiMAX and CDMA 470MHz are technologies that could serve digital inclusion missions. Each technology has its own merits, suitability and limitations. The regulators and operators of each country/region will have to evaluate and select choices of technologies that are suitable for their requirements and obligations.
In most cases, a single technology could not fit all, and therefore combinations of technologies and applications, from multiple network and service providers are most likely required. Thus, a good balance of suitable technologies, required applications, investment, time-to-service, and end-user affordability are needed to achieve digital inclusion. This could be one of the challenging missions of all telecommunication regulators.”
V Conclusion and Recommendations (Cont.)
Questions &
Answers
