BYZANTINE

• Constantine I founded a “New Rome” in the East in 324 A.D.

• Greek city of Byzantium was the site and he changed the name to Constantinople

• The Empire became a Christian state.

• Constantine recognized Christianity at the beginning of the 4th century and made it the lawful religion.

Hagia Sophia

• Hagia Sophia is the most important monument of the Byzantine era.

• Dome 180 feet from ground level

• 270 feet long and 240 feet wide

• The first dome collapsed in 558 and was replaced

• The minarets were added by the Ottoman Turks after the fall of Constantinople in 1453

• Icon – a portrait or image; especially in Byzantine art, a panel with a painting of sacred personages that are objects of veneration. In the visual arts, a painting, a piece of sculpture; or even a building regarded as an object of veneration.

• Reliquary – a container for keeping relics.

• Mosaic – Patterns or pictures made by embedding small pieces of stone or glass in cement on surfaces such as walls and floors; also, the technique of making such works.

ISLAMIC ART

The Blue Mosque – Istanbul, Turkey Interior of Blue Mosque Arabesque – “Arab-like.” A flowing, Intricate pattern derived from stylizedOrganic motifs, usually floral; generally,An Islamic decorative motif.

Minaret – a distinctive feature of mosque architecture, a needle-like tower fromWhich the faithful are called to worship.

ROMANESQUE

• ROMAN CATHOLIC faith was firmly established

• 1050-1200 Europe had a feudal system

• Built churches and borrowed elements from Roman architecture

• Layout was called a cruciform – symbolizing the body of Christ on the cross

Plan of St. Sernin, Toulouse, France

GOTHIC ART• Term “Gothic” was used by Giorgio

Vasari, “the father of art history” as ridicule

• Said art and architecture was “monstrous and barbarous” invented by the Goths (French)

• 13th and 14th centuries, style was all the rage in most of Europe

• 1st appeared in northern France around 1140

• Towering cathedrals and decorative style

• Cathedral was begun in 1163. Nave and flying buttresses ca. 1180-1200.

• Remodeled after 1225.Notre-Dame Cathedral, Paris FranceBegun - 1163

“The Hunchback of Notre Dame”

Builders of the Cathedral were allowedto add personal touches.

Victor Hugo saw this image and wasInspired to write the classic novel“The Hunchback of Notre Dame” in1831

Photo courtesy of Lori Deal-Flynn

Chimera: a monster of Greekinvention with a head and bodyof a lion and the tail of a serpent. a second head, that of a goat, growsout of one side of the body

This is part of the top of Notre-Dame.A chimera is used as a down spoutfor water from the roof. Couldalso have been used as a downspout for hot oil if needed for defenses.

Examples of chimera, saints,and gargoyles at the topof the tower.

Notre-Dame Cathedral's“Rose Window”

STAINED GLASS

• Rose Window of Chartres Cathedral, ca. 1220

• Were a gift of Queen of France, Blanche of Castile

• The whole wall is glass due to the external support of the flying-buttresses