byzantine empire mr. millhouse ap world history hebron high school
TRANSCRIPT
Byzantine EmpireByzantine Empire
Mr. MillhouseMr. Millhouse
AP World HistoryAP World History
Hebron High SchoolHebron High School
Fall of the Roman EmpireFall of the Roman Empire
164—Plague spreads through Rome164—Plague spreads through Rome
180—End of Pax Romana180—End of Pax Romana
300—Diocletian divides the Empire300—Diocletian divides the Empire
313—Christianity tolerated313—Christianity tolerated
410—Visigoths sack Rome410—Visigoths sack Rome
455—Vandals sack Rome455—Vandals sack Rome
476—Fall of the Western Roman 476—Fall of the Western Roman EmpireEmpire
Eastern Rome: A Survivor SocietyEastern Rome: A Survivor Society• Constantine established
the Eastern capital at Byzantium• Constantinople
• Reasons for Survival• Higher level of civilization
• Fewer nomadic invasions• Geography
• Prosperous commerce
Justinian (527-565)Justinian (527-565)
• Byzantine empire reached greatest size• Wanted to rebuild Roman Empire
• Temporarily Re-conquered N. Africa, Italy and southern Spain
• Wife, Theodora, had considerable power
• Rebuilt Constantinople• Hagia Sophia
• Justinian’s Code
Byzantine Empire under JustinianByzantine Empire under Justinian
Hagia Sophia
Sui ChinaSilla
Parhae
YamotoJapan
Harsha’ Empire
Chalukya
Avar Kingdom
Frankish Kingdoms
GhanaAxum
SassanidEmpire
Byzantine Empire
States and Empires in 600 CEStates and Empires in 600 CE
Sui ChinaSilla
Parhae
YamotoJapan
Harsha’ Empire
Chalukya
Avar Kingdom
Frankish Kingdoms
GhanaAxum
SassanidEmpire
Byzantine EmpireSui China
Silla
Parhae
YamotoJapan
Harsha’ Empire
Chalukya
Avar Kingdom
Frankish Kingdoms
GhanaAxum
SassanidEmpire
Byzantine Empire
States and Empires in 600 CEStates and Empires in 600 CE
Threat of IslamThreat of Islam
• Arab peoples conquered parts of ByzantiumArab peoples conquered parts of Byzantium• Prolonged sieges of Constantinople Prolonged sieges of Constantinople
• Byzantine survived partly because of "Greek fire" Byzantine survived partly because of "Greek fire"
• Imperial organization Imperial organization • Government run by trained bureaucracy & armyGovernment run by trained bureaucracy & army
• Theme SystemTheme System• Provinces organized on a military basisProvinces organized on a military basis
• Ruled by a general who ran army & civil bureaucracyRuled by a general who ran army & civil bureaucracy
• Responsible for protecting peasantsResponsible for protecting peasants
• Aristocrats limited by army, emperor, & bureaucracy Aristocrats limited by army, emperor, & bureaucracy
Byzantine EmpireByzantine Empire
Ghana
Carolingian
Byzantine
Abbasid Caliphate
Axum
Gurjara-Pratihara
Tang China
Srivijaya
Parhae
Silla
Cordoba Caliphate
Heian Japan
States and Empires in 800 CEStates and Empires in 800 CE
Ghana
Carolingian
Byzantine
Abbasid Caliphate
Axum
Gurjara-Pratihara
Tang China
Srivijaya
Parhae
Silla
Cordoba Caliphate
Heian Japan
Ghana
Carolingian
Byzantine
Abbasid Caliphate
Axum
Gurjara-Pratihara
Tang China
Srivijaya
Parhae
Silla
Cordoba Caliphate
Heian Japan
States and Empires in 800 CEStates and Empires in 800 CE
ConstantinopleConstantinople
• “Second Rome”• Key trading route Key trading route
linking Europe, Africa linking Europe, Africa and Asiaand Asia• Buffer between Buffer between
Western Europe and Western Europe and AsiaAsia
• Europe’s busiest Europe’s busiest marketplacemarketplace
Byzantine EconomyByzantine Economy
• Government prevented Government prevented wealthy from seizing wealthy from seizing peasant’s landpeasant’s land• Free peasantry declined in Free peasantry declined in
the 11the 11thth century century• Craftsmen and merchants Craftsmen and merchants
were respectedwere respected• Glassware & mosaicsGlassware & mosaics
• Thriving silk industryThriving silk industry• Monopolized by the Monopolized by the
governmentgovernment
Great Schism (1054)Great Schism (1054)
• Byzantine emperors tended to combine Byzantine emperors tended to combine political and religious authoritypolitical and religious authority
• Dispute over use of Dispute over use of iconsicons• Iconoclasm—Attempt to suppress icon veneration Iconoclasm—Attempt to suppress icon veneration
in 8in 8thth c. c.
• Schism occurs in 1054Schism occurs in 1054• Final break over the type of bread used in the mass
and the celibacy of priests• Or was it?
Catholicism vs. OrthodoxCatholicism vs. Orthodox
• Western EuropeWestern Europe• Pope in RomePope in Rome• Priests practice Priests practice
celibacycelibacy• Latin LanguageLatin Language• Most important holy Most important holy
day Christmasday Christmas
• Eastern EuropeEastern Europe• Patriarch in Patriarch in
ConstantinopleConstantinople• Clergy could marryClergy could marry• Greek LanguageGreek Language• Most important holy Most important holy
day Easterday Easter
Effects of the Great SchismEffects of the Great Schism
Byzantine CultureByzantine Culture
• Cultural FoundationsCultural Foundations• Christian beliefsChristian beliefs
• Greek learningGreek learning
• Roman engineeringRoman engineering
• Byzantine EducationByzantine Education• State-organized schoolsState-organized schools
• Widespread literacyWidespread literacy
• Chariot RacesChariot Races• Blues vs. GreensBlues vs. Greens
• Riot of 532Riot of 532
Byzantine DeclineByzantine Decline
• The long decline began in 11th century.• Seljuk Turks seized most of the Asian provinces
• Remove an important source of taxes and food• Crusaders, led by Venetian merchants, sacked
Constantinople in 1204• A smaller empire struggled to survive for another
two centuries• In 1453, the Ottoman Turks conquered
Constantinople
Byzantine ChallengesByzantine Challenges
Byzantine EmpireByzantine Empire
Mali
Oyo Benin
Zimbabwe
Zanj City-States
Ethiopia VijayanagaraSiam
Majapahit
Ashikaga Japan
Korea
Marinids HafsidsMamluk Sultanate
Granada
Portugal Castile
France
ScotlandEngland
Union of Kalmar
Holy Roman Empire
Poland-Lithuania
Hungary
Ottoman Emp.
Russian States
Khanate of the Golden Horde
JagataiKhanate
Ming China
Timurid Empire
States and Empires in 1400 CEStates and Empires in 1400 CE
Mali
Oyo Benin
Zimbabwe
Zanj City-States
Ethiopia VijayanagaraSiam
Majapahit
Ashikaga Japan
Korea
Marinids HafsidsMamluk Sultanate
Granada
Portugal Castile
France
ScotlandEngland
Union of Kalmar
Holy Roman Empire
Poland-Lithuania
Hungary
Ottoman Emp.
Russian States
Khanate of the Golden Horde
JagataiKhanate
Ming China
Timurid Empire
States and Empires in 1400 CEStates and Empires in 1400 CE
Rise of RussiaRise of Russia
• Area inhabited by SlavsArea inhabited by Slavs• Vikings arrive using river Vikings arrive using river
systemsystem
• Set up state based on trade Set up state based on trade & conquest around 9& conquest around 9thth CenturyCentury• State founded by RurikState founded by Rurik
• Capital at KievCapital at Kiev
• People called RusPeople called Rus
Russia & ChristianityRussia & Christianity
• Prince Vladimir converted Prince Vladimir converted in 989 in 989 • Converted for trade, Converted for trade,
commercial reasonscommercial reasons
• Elites baptized by order of Elites baptized by order of prince, often against willprince, often against will
• Served as conduit for Served as conduit for spread of Byzantine spread of Byzantine culture, religionculture, religion
• Cyrillic Alphabet Cyrillic Alphabet
Kievan RusKievan Rus
• ““Third Rome”Third Rome”• Decentralized Decentralized
governmentgovernment• Divided into Divided into
provincesprovinces
• Constant strife Constant strife between boyars and between boyars and princesprinces
• Constant threat of Constant threat of nomadic invasionnomadic invasion