1069 State Office Building Portland 1, Oregon

MINERAL RESOURCE ACTIVITIES IN BAKER COUNTY DURING 1967

Grold.ng apprehension concerning the continued availability of imports of certain metals in amounts sufficient to meet future industrial. needs, and appre­hension concerning our ability to recapture significant amounts of the gold and silver bullion lost from our Treasury- as a consequence of fiscal policies in force during recent decades, has resulted in a marked upsurge of interest in domestic metal prospects throughout the nation during recent years. Within Baker County this has been manifest by substantial. exploratory-appraisal. programs in the instance of certain of the countiest better known copper and gold-silver prospects. Specifically, the Cyprus Mining Company and Kennecottts Bear Creek Explorations subsidiary have ma.de extensive investigations of copper-bearing claims extending from the Burkemont area through Balm Creek and in the vicinity of Sparta. Both companies had teams of technical. specialists in the area during 1967 and both are currently following up their previous investigations with core drilling projects designed to explore subsurface conditions of mineralization at critical places in their respective holdings areas. Between them, these explor­ations projects constitute the most comprehensive appraisal. ever conducted in terms of the open-pit potential of these prospects. Additionally, the Oaega Mines, Vancouver, B. c. continued their appraisal. of a group of major gold-silver lode properties at Bourne. Begun three years ago, this consists of re-opening old workings, driving new exploratory headings and diamond drilling. With a sUDlller season force of 12 to 15 employees as against a smaller crew throughout the rest of the year, the company is currently engaged in reopening the old Golconda shaft. On Pine Creek, above Halfwq, excavation designed to permit reactivation of the old Steinmits-Underwood placers was begun by another group during 1967,. When com­pleted, this will expose andct-ain a section of bedrock placer stratum accessible heretofore only by means of shafts and rigorous pumping. Work on the bedrock drain channel has been resumed this year.

During 1967 the U.S. Bureau of Mines inspected and sampled several gold lode properties throughout the country in line with the government's crash Heavy Metals Project designed to hopefully stimulate domestic production of gold, platinum and other so-called heavy minerals. This may lead to eventual test drilling by the Bureau on some properties. Also during 1967, a loan was granted by the u.s. Depart­ment of Interior, Minerals Exploration Office, for certain programmed sulsurface exploration scheduled to begin this season on the Argonaut Mine in the Cracker Creek district. The development of interesting new silver-lead-zino occurrences opened up in the Cable Cove area during 1966 was ha.,ered by the closure of smelters throughout the west due to the prolonged copper strike in force during 1967; how­ever with the resumption of activity by the smelters continued develoJJ!lent can be anticipated on the Cable Cove properties and other strong silver-bearing lodes throughout the county.

With respect to mineral output by established producers, activities were main­tained at near-normal levels at the Oregon Portland Cement Compa.rzy-ts operation at Lime and at the Chemical. Lime Company-ts operation at Wingville. The production and shiµnent to outlying markets of decorative building stone from Dooley Mountain con­tinued during 1967. The business originally opened by Anthony Brandenthal.er is now operated by the Blue Mountain Stone and Lime Company of Baker under the management of Ben Ryder.

A BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE GEOLOGY OF BAKER COUNTY

1069 State Office Building . Portland l, Oregon ~~

Baker County lies within the Blue Mountains physiographic province, a region characterized by high mountain ranges and steep walled canyons interrupted in places by broad fertile valleys. Elevations range from less than 2000 feet on Snake River to over 9100 feet in the Elkhorn range. The main drainage systems of the county are the Powder River in the nor­them part and Burnt River in the southern part. Both flow eastward to the Snake River.

The rocks of the county fall into two major groups. The older is a series of marine sediments and volcanics of Paleozoic and Mesozoic Age that have been intricately folded and faulted and invaded by granite and other types of intrusive rockso The younger is comprised of a wide variety of lavas, tuffs, and loosely consolidated fresh water sediments and gravels of Tertiary and Quaternary Ageo Wherever the contact is ex­posed the Tertiary and younger rocks are generally seen to lie with angular discordance on the pre-Tertiary rocks and due to the markedly hi~her degree of deformation and alteration suffered by the pre-Tertiary rocks, the dis­tinction between rocks of the older and younger series is usualJ..v quite readily apparent.

Several million dollars worth of gold and silver and some copper have been produced from sources within the · county and occurrences of other metallic minerals carrying molybdenum, antimony, manganese, iron and tungsten are known. Excepting for gold placers in Tertiary to recent alluvium these prospects all occur in the older group of rocks. Production of limestone for cement manufacture, sugar refining, paper processing and carbide rates as the principal mineral industry active today because the fixed price of gold in relation to current operating costs no longer affords a favorable economic climate for gold mining. The limestones are one of the pre-Tertiary sediments but deposits of another important non-metal, diatomite, are present at places in association with the Tertiary sediments. Occurrences of the volcanic glass, perlite, are also known in the Tertiary rocks. Both the diatomite and perlite have a growing number of industrial uses and hence constitute reserves for eventual industrial developnent.

Report by: Brooks & Wagner February 8, 196.3

I

1069 State Office Building Portland 1, Oregon

fone,£511 1he obj.Un 1n \he fol.loving pe.ft,pa}!ha 1• to NY.l.w the W1'8

in '14dch gomdw.ter occura 1n Baker Oount.y, and the extent to wieh th•

p1.ann1ng cCllmlit\ee la jutU'ied in regarding it- u a reac•n 90"""9 ot nrw

tor the Couftt.7'• water needs in the Mure.

_, vq ot ~on to th• a,abjeot., there is giwn tiret a \hnmb­

nail aketob ot bot.h svfaoe and llllbeu1-taa• requi'.Nlll9rlte pertinent to the

fol'll&\ion of groundw.t.er 1a gCffl"8.l. 1'h1a ie tol.J.oliMd 1n ecanl\&t. greater

detail by- a daoriJ,t.iOJ.'l ot geologic comitiorw J)?"IINl1t in th• county, • .,

Th ... toplca are of nea•d.ty- l"ftifted 1n a hi~ ninuiNd tom_ aoept,

that where i\ 1• appropr.l.&M t.o elaborate tor the J:'llll'1)0s• ot expl.aining

th•~• ot cert&in oonditiom vi.th reapect to groUMV&ter OflOUl"Nl'ICe

in th• county, gru.ter tlXplanaUon 1a giftft.

!!:!1:! Sl!S'PP!!t.w J'f9lW:!119iu_1 'lhe ~ and looH a~a COftring

th• Mnh'• 11\U"hOe and tM IMclrooks under1Tin8 \h1a llllftUe oonatitut.e the

endromant in llhiah poun,nrater ocou:ra. Wbet..her th1a enrl~rL does,

or <kta not, te:,or ~ .s..tenoe of a gl"OU!ldvawP pottnt.1.al 1n 81\7' parUcuJ.ar

geogra.J:hioal ·&Nil depends on (l) \he conditiou under which the l.ooae surtaoe

materials and their tnlerlying bedrocke oocur1 (2) \he a.Uab!lit,y ot mu­

faoe waters tor charging am recharging 1nibsurta.ee aquU.-. and (3) the

aistence or •t.erahed aitut.iom capable ot enve.J'Ping precipitaUon •ter

and di·,ert,ing it. underground.

All three ot theee taotona maat be pr-esent and in balanoe, one against

the other for optJJma groundwater potential to &Id.st. Por exampl.e, ided

oonditiona tor the capture and·eubterNMan stoN,ge and transfer or~

2

wat.er are to no a'ftil it there 1• no em-tao• •ter av3Uable to be oapt.ved

and stored.. Neither 111 aza ~ of precd.plto.t.ion vat.er ot 31V' avail

1n plaoea 'Wb.-. the nrtaae and INbenl:rtace 1"0CSQ are ae tight. --1 .baperti\NS

aa & pam stNe\. In lhort.; r~ bu.a.nc-1 condit.iollG to cd.at, it la ..-nUal

that withi.ft oerta1a 1111d\e all reqaim taoton ooov 1a the ... plaoe at

the • alU61 u.. !bu, pNOipitAtJOll •st not o~ be ..Uable 1n oonad.at­

ent.q good auppq, 1" -t ta.11 on~ eondit.1.0M \hat wlll 8fttl!lbl• it

to 'be eoaked up 'Id.th a Id.rd.am ot los• by .,,.p,ra\ioa and rtm-off • At. the

tl8M Unae, INOISlU"f'Ue ,-NJ"ftllr oapaoity 1111at. mitt. in conjuno\ion "1th th•

wterah.ed .it water is to be tNmten-.1 f1"0II \he 9f.t.tlrated aolla \0 a atat.e

ot ~ atorage. The· eubnrfa.ce stoNge •Y be afforded by UJWon­

NU.dated or -1.-oonaolldated alllffial Mt.erial or by a b«lJaock haing

phJ'aical Obafflot...utt.. __. u a rr,et,vork ot 1nt.eNOmectin.i tracrtuNa,

poNUa t.at.una, or aolution omu .. that wU1 pmalt the intake of wat.r

and it.a inHl'pol'&t,ion in the rook .... tithw -.,,, the «xlstaao• ot auit­

able ~ace atoN,p oondi\ioM u NJl7 u nee__,,. aa ia the a.U­

abll1'7 ot vat.w tor norap. Without, either, t.heN would 1M no ~wr.

s~ ... vat.er ~ 1a &UUTial -.tAr.taJ. 1• Jawwa u unoontined

•tw• '1'h1fl ia th• •t.er that aoab lnt.o the pound and aocmulata on t.op

ot 80Ule lm.pemmaa anabnr:face hoPlmn ..tdoh _,. h4t eit.1-r an all119'1a1. eL,y

layer or ~ ~ ot equall;r imper wine Ndl"OOk. Al\hoaat, on •aaien 9UCh

vat.er u:r be d•p• it ia no'fllll.4, \he vat.er encountered in •hall.av du,

wlla. It ia a1eo ti. •wr, \lie top 14'ftl or whlob oonet.itutea the •t.­table. The \rpe ()f goumvater that. 1a taken u;, in hoin.:tng bedrook a.!

obamel.ed a-.,, troa ti. intllce area under o1rct-tanMa where it. u Ollftl'S.ed

benaat.h an iapltrri.oa °"'Jtlyin,r nra\a i• known u eon.tined wata. 'this

is the water which profl.d• l&rr,e fl~ ~ vella wbWl the proper

1tNCtural oonditions J,'INWhll.

YPW.lR !ftuadlt.!« Rltc!at48 t Wi~ the county the ~ta ~

requiait.e to \ho OCOUl'ftDCe of ~ter are prMtent in a gNn\ wnv

oOl!lbinationa. For i.ftstlnce, &NU ot max1tan y,:recipi.tation terd to be

local1ced in the h!,gh11r al.....Ucms. So al.no are the &NU 1n w,ich lo1>tfl'

t.enpera.tUNB prna.11 am 1n IMch nat;'W."&l. ftgWte.tion. and abeol"bant soil•

are b~st fienloped. lll.dkhere, ,"1,th p!'O~siw deo'Nue in el.en.tion,

t.'lere 1a leu !'N9ipitation on the a~ an! Wl&t thSN 11 tall.a on terrain

in which protectiw wpt.at1w and soil eomitiona a.ft 1- tawrable and

hot. wifld7 wath•r 1• aeuonally' 110re !)rnalfflt.

'l'bia ft.l"1abili"1' 1a va.tenhed ooni.1\1.ona 1a enough 1n it.ill to

aooount for ditterenc• in p,UNblater potential fflft it~ st.o~

cap&bilit.1.u weN wd.tonu, good ~. Act~, mN9ftl"1 ~

tac• conditioml in the csounty AN tar tram unitoi,n. Inatead, ..-~ ftt"!atiam

ad.st. with rupect, to the ~cal charaewrtatic• ot the nail,- bet:h-ooke.

Pvt,h~l'mCJ!'G, the areu in 'tllldah ta-.orabl• mbnl"fa.oe conditiona ailt de

not coineid• 1n. &ll irul\ancN with the area 1n "'1.ch the bat~

oondiUona occv. Ao~ &NI&■ with a. potent1al tor~ larree

amount.a of gN\Uldvat•l" a.re by no wns ownplo.oe While 1n .,_, pt.1"b ot

the c0Ul'l1:,y ..,_ -11 quanU~• ot vater &Nham to oome b.,.

~ and 1.arge, the leut wll-knotl\ ot the tutors 1ntl.wlneing rl"OUl'ld­

-.ter oocun.n in thG eou..••d;7 an t>-toee \hat. idant1ty with geologlo con­

ditions. '1'h1a nbjeot 1a t.heNtore ....ariser1 1n the llllll080d1ng paraoapha.

Bedrook geology' 1a !'fl1awed tint, that. pu1.aim.ng to :recent all\ll'i.._. ia.t.. . ,,

'l'!i• bedroclke are di:rided into t.w oategoJ'!•• Th• fil"a\1 and ol.deat,

ot th- C<>UU\Utea tho INl._.t. Otap1cx underlying the ~le of tM oomdJr•

Thia 1o -.de up ot a w:lde T&?"iety, ot ~. 'ffllctt.nie am -..Uc

l'Oek typea. A _,.. detailed ducription ia that the aedi.lfttfflta cauiet ot

shales, sandat.oM81 ~tea am u..tones, allot 'Wh!oh wre depodted

1n rarine eeaa. TM 'fOloan1o o u inolll!e I.rm, r-,1.a~ iaa

4

and wr. apl ""1, 1n pa.rt. Sn both ~ -. INbllar.1.• ~.

1he cl78Wlin• intruaiwe are re~ nainl.7 by granodiol'lte• cpa:rt,c

diorlt.e, tomlit., gabbro and al.bite gran.1.t~-. i~r, ~ and

a tfM •e>ther Uthio odditi• oaour &190• to a mtteh ~ ~.

ill ot theae rocks wtrie eraplaaed brt,wen the rdddl• ot \ta. ,.__

pel"iJ:xl o~ geol.op,ic ~ and the tnd ot the er.t.aoeou. 'l'his NP! Nute

a t.1m •~ of a~tel.T 180 mlllion ,an, begim:l.ng ~tei,,

250 Jdllion ,-.rs ago and ending &pprwdma+;.~ 70 -Sll10'I 7MN ••

Aa o~ ct.p,aitfJd, and 1n th41 1""' they m.a\ed tor -.,. 1111l.10ftll

ot )'Mr& !ollov.tng their WtJ.al eonaolidAUon into a solld J'Ock etate,

JIIU'O" ot t.h• ·aartilaenta Mil moat of their wloanic ~ ~

poueaa-1 t.h• F~al ~ti=• needed to enable thea to tunR.ten

~ . au aquitera tor the at.cage and ~ \ran.It«- ot I...._ ve.t.ena. Untort.una,~el.7. howffar• t.lMt hia\ory ot ennta that have tl'llftllpiNd .-

•inc• thue r.:,cka originat.ecl a not one ch&Nateriztld b:, a ldapl.• w.rpiq

of the earth's crut.. Iutee.d, the diaat.rophic biato:r., th... 19dir.tonte and

wlcan.ic:s hav• ~ed has bNn. ""l"e to the point that poro• \at.Ul"H

4ftd permeability characterist~.c• haw bsen drtually elWnatN w, phyaioal

contJ.nuitq ha.a been M\.eriall.y diarv.pt.ed. AU ~ atra~& a:td.bit t.hia

detoni;~Uon, soma ZJ.UCh more ao than othetre.. In f'aot• nid..,. a:1at.a to

a..ltaw \bat some of the oldv strata c:hlbi.t. m:lnenlogi•al and tectttftl

alt.eN.tiomJ indw,ed by a -•••1011 ot def'ol"llational ennta.

Int.roducUort or the Cl"J'Sta.11.ine rocks took place conem Nut ,d.th 'ftl"ioaa

ot th• a.f.'OZ'IJ JNltionad epiaodee or diutroi,hi• and culmin&t.ed ch&r1n« \he

lat-e Cretaceoua with tlM .... 1.,. empl.aoernante ot the grud.Uu --'1\u\ing

the cores of t..w Wallowa a..i'\d El.khom ~. Un!er the ~, ..

~iate SOnl!:t or tlw sedim•taiT et.Nt.a, while ot.hffl, notably the ~

odioritea .mi wnalit..ea, are ooneid~ yo,~ than the :,-oun~t seiinnnt.

-- Alalo, ae 1n 'the inatano• ot 1ohe •~• the oldc- cryat.a.l.lin8 rocka a­

hibi\ tar tr.>N poet- I llPl,actman\ &1.teratioll Ulan do the ~ onee.. Mlner­

al.ogio ohangN of td\18 ~ &N ~ ~t in the instance ot

certain of the gal>bro• mile, ~, the t(,pe of f.ntnaift9 Npl'ltMllt.ed

1';r th• W~m giwd.Uc• Nnl&1n in a treah, ~ unalteNd

oondition exoept for a temeno,, to diaintegitate in t,he i.~• of a tew

Wnnber f'reeh or altttred, oryat.al.llna in\rwsi.,. l'OCks boat ~

~ to the ex.t.nt the., are laced with a raetwrk ot in.~ng flu'1Dw.

SllOh f'Z'GOt,una ..,- -~ tor any- ·aountain ar rinp but p&'Mt1oall:y n,,,v

do t.?wty oouU~ a aitation 1'hich can be dffeloptd. in~ a depand&ble

IIOV'Ce ot large ftlUMa of wt.ff. Th• reuon ia that th• ~ -.ter.tal

ot c17&\al lim !"OGk is non-,p:,l'Ow, h!IDOe not abl.e w abeorb and etoN water

ill aounw ovw and be,road the oapa.cd.ty- oft.he fl'ac\UN e,atem 1t.Mlt.

hthermore, laNp-,aised netvorlce of 1nt..eP-OOnnecU?lg, oplll tNCtUNII OCCUI'

bu ranJ.,y in or,et&l l 1ne igneou rook.

\'he appra1alal ot gromldvatw potential. 1Wlt glqn fop the igMIC\18

l'OOQ. appl.ha ~ · well to the Hdiwtar,' am wloanio NOk t,,,.. inelwled

1n t.!d.a oateaoJV• x, does ao \',eoauae int.he oondi.Uon ""1oh lhtl' al.et todq

the Md1JWmt.e and ~• n.te, for a.U prut..toal intent.a a.nd PQ't1X>-, no bet,t,er \baa \heir 1,8ll80US a.saooiates. In ahol"t., Ui• t.eetonio imol....,nta

th-, have aperi.enoed over the a,sea bu dnua.l.q e.1 Sm•W 'What..ftr n&Uve

va~ring capaoi\y tht,y ray have had orlgtnall.T • that ~&1' the 1"lld\lNd

powoUal atto:rded b-t t~ and. bml'8 ia all they haft t o otter. '!hat

thia Npr1•111ta ~ pc,Mn.t.ial 1a illutNted aply' by the dwp mine

aba.tt,a id .th er...-.iv• latel"&l wrk1-'lgll vhioh e::dst in Jll1U\Y part.a ot tJa• ~.

lfanJ" &N bone c:b7• SOM gen.ante onlJ' a vicld.e. None have ~

-.t.er in auttioient wl'81 to oonsUl-\tte a PIIIP,l.n« probl• fJlom a miatng

lltand.poui.

1' 1: '\~

·i , -·\

' The sooom, or youngeat. O.J.-tegory or bedrocka i.11. &Jcor Cou:nt;y date fr<a

&ppl'm.rrAtely ?O r,.illlon ,vans a.go to approad.mately ona million ,-rs ago.

!his is r&t:oir,ized u the T...U.aa-,- perio.1 ot geologic time. Considered u

a unit, all rock formations c,f T«rtia.r-:r aee are 81.1JlG1'-inq»aed unconfomably

on C1rte ol"' a.'10tha.r ot the l'OCks deecribetl hc.tretotore. P\lrtherl!OM, !!lrfflt or

th:a w..,,..-. depc,ait:.ed on an old land Sttrt&ee un,1{t?' lihat ch•• aa tAffeat1a1

condition11, and n~r ainc-e their tonation haw they bMn dee~ buried

in the oarth' fJ crust, or aubjected to st.l'llCt.UNl. defol'JID.tiou ~ in

aewrlt;7 to those cperl«lCed by the oldet" !ormationa. Imttead, _.1. tolding and minor £4111\1.:ng conatitu.tes th& aeuuN of poat, depoeitianal

dieturbance the;r hav• Bperienced.

Considered 1nd1T1~, the ~ rocks cort.rdat mA.1.ncy or bualu, ande81t.ea, r hy c,lite bNooiu and their rel.1.tt..d cil'dffll am ~ t.utrs

la.bs did Gist. ~ t.1ll8 to tiM in 'ftriowJ ~ ot the cott"lt.,' dt.lJiiq

the 'l'ertiarJ. 'l'heee ~ till•t with the nornlll wata-bome ~ta ot

erosion and the fdJ!"lo«)me c1ut1c material.a ot wlcanio origtn,. Some auo

supported an e.bunda."tce cf ilitau, an a..1.gM-Uke clue ot pl.ant lire caJll\bl•

ot growing so prolltiull.7 that t.hoir akoletal ·raa:tna aocnnulat..! 1a thick

~rs on the lake bottom. •. As they cd.st to·tay, t.hei-.torie, t.heM lakeb«19

are rieprnont.d b,r strata or cl.a:,s and gran1.a int.el'bedded with vato-laid

tuttaceoua a,:.ind ard. a.eh, am., in aOlll~ instana .. , with interbed• ot di&~

vJhen they e:id.:st mid.in- the proper oonditJ.orus, a(')'!IM of the ~

wloa.rdea haft excellent 0ttp&h111t.1• for soaking up svtaee w.tw and

f.ranofonn.J.ng it to gl"Ot1ndwatc-. It 1s the lavas in parit.i~, .and Iii..,,._

1al.q the baaa.lte, that have t.hi• capalrlUt:, the -,.t., and \;hey- do becauso ot -

·_.,

:-..

1

the a.bund.ance or traeturing and c:,oae-lraoturing t,hey aequ!red while eooune.

plua 'Whatever extra~ th-.r m.41' lmve acqu1red since u a oc,neequence

~ etruetural warping and taul.ttng. The l.&J-'gest l'1'0duaing w1le in tlbe

cov.nt7 :purttp ~n basalt.a or the gravel. intet"bed,• whl.eh aometirtea Mpal"ate

them ~en scweroJ. f'lc,wa ooaur OM on top or the otheP. Met'l"!.aM;Y'' • 1rrtga..

Uo.n. -well at t.lte herul ot Keating V&lle7 an4 the old Oal.1tomta ~ WU.

and t.he reoent.ly ocaplet.-J tl.lingtOn well.a at tl\e hea.d ot the 9a'kff Valley

are ~plea. On th• othff hand, most ot the turfs am th9 t.uff'ao.,_

i-fvolite ~\J'eCCias htv.re but lit.tie capaoity to hoet gro'llndwat91" 1n that t.'ley

are ni::.it ohi:!.ract.0ri.Hd by clthcar natural. proaity nor an e.bumano.e ot close­

interval tract,l.r.5.ng. And• caccept f'or t.hdr ~ivel int('lrbeda 'llfflioh Ottt'l and

BQIAet:i.tnP•8 do• contain gl"QUll(brater, tM lakehGds as ~ whole ha.•re & negll&hle

potent.al. bea.a.uae t.ru,y a.re c<npria-1 largel.)r ot ii:rpr1"1.owl cla.r,, awl Y"l.ter-,

laJ.1 t.urt vu.ch 1• otten broken down, at lNst ~. il\to a ola.:,ish

Condition.

hhat is ~'"lOrt&n.t with rea,-ct. to thq ~ tt.'~ng mttllbGN ot the

Tort.ury- u t.ho nu,ure of their OCC\U'"Nnce. A thin basalt now OO'\f9l"ia,:

oiµ.;r a ,i(l'III acrus on th@ ~.1:1, ,~nd hills, for- instanoe, can n...- be

u:p3cttld to hold or doliv~ water in rt..'V appreciable quantity oOllplll"'(d with

an occurrence con\prJ.sed or a thick ~c• of' tlows• one on top 'lt th~ other,

ext.endi.ng thoughout t,he. beat part ot a C<,U!Jl• towrumi~ in an &Na ..,,,.,,...

surtao8 wat er ia ava.Uable in good SUJ:)1')1,v • In thu comeet.1.on, t.he ·untt,p..

tunat,e oircuma1.ano• 1a that wtd.l• ~ law.e a.re vldel;r distri.buMd in

th• cou..'lty, a large perct1nt or the 1ndivictw,.1 occUl"'%"Clcea are of the ff99-

a1one.l. ~11ant type.a n ,l 1 ill aN8l at.ent and :ul too trequ41ntq poorq

looat.ed 'Wit.h r 43terence to ru:iva."'ltage,:>ws ~ t ensh9d oan.11tion•• c~, t.hick aequenoell covering large aNU a.re oompar:t:t.1 vel7 inf'Nqwmt.. Accordin,)..,v,

tharetore, ldlile it. .is to be anu.cipa\Gd ~t mre lo.rea-,,aild 'liN1la will

event.uaU:, be dewlopad in the eounty .ti-om 8UCh sources, their n.umber ;is

lind.t..t lrJ th• c~ti• acaroit.y, or ocCUJ"Nnce -1~wit1ona a.pa.bl• of

supportJ.ng l.A~cl wlls.

Th• third oa.tecorr or •t.erial.e• ~~ ao1la, the natunl l'J'Oducta

ot rock dec;;y, am trana,port,eri Ndim,,~t. of recent. to near 1""Jeent oi-tg,.n,

oocur t.hroughout the ll'1tire count:,-. 'lheM are auporiapo•~• in om pl.ace

and anot,h .;1•, and t.o var.,ing extcat.a, on all the preri.01Jal,y •ntioned bel:t­

l"OOka, Twt:J.&17 and pre Tet"U.&17 aJJ.ke.

Wh~ the aoils are or .. ;~.at 1.-nport,anca 1n tsms or groundwater.

and pa.rt,icul&rl.;, ao with respect to the watel"'Shed Jf\&ae or the subject, it

1a \he tl"B.."lSpol'Md aediments that constit.u-te the aq,d..te?"S. In the eount;r,

the .. a«limen.ta conaiat, pz-inaipaU,, ot {l) gl.acia.l erosia.n products in a,,_

or t.b• high~ ~ns, (2) b£inch a.'.fld tel"rUe grarua related hi:-1t.oricall.7

to the pNffnt-dq and n.e~?'«lent 4rainage -,.tau, (J) tan-like accumul.ationa

ot allu:v:lal ~ vols loo..'-'1ted alol\CJ the borders or •)JIii va.lle:ra at points

entered b,y creeka with oa.pUit.1• 4Mugh to urr:, ooane ndim11nts in sub­

dan.tial qwmt.it.1oe during flood ate.~es, and (J.d aheeta or Hd1ment.ary

matfariala •pread by ~ at.n ... acONea the floors of T&l.1-,. 1n wMoh

eroeional. dc,wn,..,ntt.ing hae been ArNsted.

The aand and gravel oompommts ot such a¢.iments are capable or ell.~

vater and a.re, in taot,. the SOUN• ot ®untleu •P!".J\P.'G and domnle wet1e

and at.ook ~ ot ti. ~ ld.rde ot OOCl.llTeM•, th• all1l'dlll \

tans and tti. eheet.e ot eediaen\e that ~r the. aurtaoe of the lartw . ,, '

Y&l.loya arie the•• impoli.ant.. Hovever, heoa.u.so theae 110urcee ha.ft ~> ut-1,Uad ao ut.mai~ th111' w:.Nt probabl y al.N<~ over-dovelopttd 1n $•)•\)

. V \ anu, t.hollgh c~ not in othol'"f;. lti a&11' .,_1,, ~ deftlo~ ·

\ , I\

. \'· i\ : \

\

.-

9

tl"Ca auch . ao~ will be spottq beoa.use suitable ~- thtlatlvea

Are lOOAllMCI and N0aUM 1lal\Y' or t,be remd.ni."lg ~peel 0MB al"e

looat..d wheN there ill llt.tl• or no :l.nudiat.e 'tlHr Med tor addiUonnl

awr. At best, ~- \ll\der 'llbich recat all.UTial. de}'»s1t.• ean be

-,-ted to T,leld •tiff 1a nftieient vol\Ule at an:, one plac• to •upport

a large L""rlga.tlon :projeat or \o ~ bevy induatrial r«JU!rement.a ,a.re

"'"• it 110t nc~. •

J% 9! !!!Jfl....,.._1 Pim 1'\at, hu been ~ in the pNIII s t!1t1

p&Jlll~Jfut. it s'houl.d be ffl.dart\ that ·~l.otJ.o eottdi\ions f••rabl• te U.

intake, .to~ and ttuafer ot ~---. no\ c;....,.pa.a.-. rn.tea41

tbtl,y ttre l.ooditr.ed 1n their ocourrenN and q,dte ~11' Nlati~ ..:U.

!ft both aNal ia.ten.t ml~. ~. the;, ure not a.l.wep dt­

'Wlted ~ta~i,, with ntONnee to optbmm waterehed emil'O!IJMftts or to··

U8«u" •eds. ,~ ·tbeae reaaom, and onn though ~ !'IOMbl..,. ..Uataoto,y

wlls at.teat \0 the tact that. fa,,,ra!th oonditicma do cd.~t to!" the dftWlOJ)­

ment of ~~r in. soma r-ne of the county, the ~ pf.et.UN 1e

ot oont.rilNt:1.ng -~~,. to t.h• OQ\ffl:-"'• MUN needs, ... loeally, 1n

cmain select places. Thier tta. ct!~•, theNfoN. and tor 'J'Q1'"!»­

ot planning on a long 1'8rtge1 C0\1lft114idde basis, ~ter> had bat l:Nt

rega..mod aa a ~ r,lemental soul"'Ce of ~ atnct,ly .-ondar:, in ~

to nr.tace l"Jtt.,w,Off _wat,or \fld.oh trt.Sl1 cdeta, .... onall...T, in ~unt• g.rea.ur \

than exiatont ro~n haw \he capaci\y' to hold. Accol"(U.ngly, atwllea'

deal,inz with incre.u.d .tticiency in tho managerr.9flt or am-f'ae• -water ·

. should bo giwn priority i t1 av pr&~ dq a~sal itWOl"fi~ .,,.~t-1

d.ffel.o)lllb.t. ot large ~• Nllefflla.

\

1069 State Office Building Portland I, Oregon

1'r ~ on tJd.a OClllld.\\M haa..,. t.o ..iuat. * ao.tr• ......,_ •w ,-..t;W.. 9d.a ...Uwt.N ~ Rh,S- ot .... Kt alda I tdl1

aow orrw.

'?be 1'9,-rt. I haw ,...,..t 1-, in 1tNlf1 a b:1"'11' ..._eel .111111d

ot the ~ .,....._ ait.•U.. .._ •• it 1a too 1-ad

\to ilrmlw4 to...,,.... ""11rd:t11 &\ th1II t£a. ..._. the ~,

I wW. dtla1. oft the ..,_..., of tl'fll clllok and ataptr l"ftl-, • -,•••

Na la t.ha\ ..,. ...... .....-.1. ~ .ua ~ cat, in tlw

.... , ....... lhMla;btbaela,ood .... to.U...that-..lAl'llt-#

J',le1A ..u. - -~ la~ .... ----· \bit .... ,.. ,...

.......... ~•1111 a:t.aot~~tMCo..,-•a..,_,

1-maaUw.

......... tw w. ...i.t• la that ~ ...U.\ioM ~ to

VMa Wa1ot, ..._.at~...,_. or i_... ,a1.a11 o1

..,......... ... a1ap'b- "°' md.......i .,.. or.,._ 01 IIQ.IJII-. lntJt.ea4,

r......i. W:rDok ait-.t'-9 _.. --,..:rt.UftJF •--• ~:W, looeU_,

u '2le1r- ......... , - ""ai.,. d...W ~ VS.th lWPlft

t,o ~ ~ ..U.W.411\1 "11eb la th....t..,. 't'U7' Appll...S·ahli' ta

,-..t;W. flWl. p1Me W pl.w tlhNI ..... \1M .,...,.

!he• 1111111.'\., tld.a ..,._ flt a.tta1N la ... ~ eamot ,.._

,-t_, be ....... u &1l ~...,..of,......,.._ oapd,1e ot

...... .._ Jllldtlriall;r \o \be CcMm.tJ''• tut\tre .... - la the ~ .,

IMd.ltg • ........... ...au,:te aa1lablo tv te.ppbtg at a mn1 1n. nottoe.

. -

..,.

, I

,,

GOOUtlJIAT.11 ,..,._ 2 -

!ldtlu•te-the.t,_.............,.isao\ .......... er-.1t.

..-W • N..,,.. ....... ,...S>4ft - •111-. tt. la t.-lHII .., ~ ,.

, ............ ~luat--oaNNl~.,MNOOM.ita,....

hl••••_..ta__,p1 .. ,1. ,._1·1dtt tblt 11111:llllld• that, la faMIIW - al the .. tll&\ le ~-­

Ir "'1e pte: · 1Jtng ....._....._ ..... _ii thn ..,._ _._. IW.1. ...

• - C•m t!t•• ,.._ 111--. t'htl_,-o1•, a! I •• Se -AU.1 . ,,

.......,ur ~-....... u,., ta., ... --- '11111 ....... Ill¼ ..

....... -- .. -.,.1\T - .... , ~---,.. ''-' .... I'll .... - •

~ .,, 11, .. .,. ..... ot IIIPPll'~

:ra •• ..... m • , ,.._ pu·.p••• - 111111 tw .., p\Madnc t.a.\fllll • #

-. -~et_.,._,.,., ·-•a 111111...,.. ~ --··­~ W .... • alWll t. .....,.., •• ~ t. . ..a. flsn,1111 td.tla

....... ~ in the I 17 I 21■ .. & \heNOt•