CHAPTER 16 SECTION 1:

WAR ERUPTS

Main Idea- The secession of Southern states quickly led to the armed conflict between the North and the South. The Civil War has begun.

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FIRST SHOTS AT FORT SUMTER

Fort Sumter-the fort located in Charleston, South Carolina where the first battle of the Civil War was fought

North and South were fighting over federally owned forts to see who would get them

April 12, 1861~Confederates pressured the Americans and forced Major Robert Anderson to capitulate

Beginning of the Civil War

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LINCOLN CALLS OUT THE MILITIA

After Battle at Fort Sumter, Lincoln gathers up 75,000 minutemen to form his militia

Northerners supported Lincoln’s actions But this made the South angry More states joined Confederacy

-Virginia-North Carolina- Tennessee-Arkansas

Confederacy now larger and stronger May 1861~Capital of Confederacy to Richmond,

Virginia Robert E. Lee- Talented military leader who

became commanding general of the army of North Virginia

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CHOOSING SIDES Border States- slave states that border free states

-Delaware-Maryland-Kentucky-Missouri

Maryland: hugely important to North. If it seceded then D.C. would be cut off from the Union. But Pro-Union leaders took over Maryland so it was safe from secession

Kentucky: important as well (to North and South). The rivers provide an invasion route for North. Provided a barrier for the South

Missouri and Delaware: stayed in Union as well

24 states in the Union 11 states in the Confederacy

STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSESAdvantages

Union• 22 Million

people• 85% of

industry came from North

• More railroad mileage

• Naval power and shipyards

• Abraham Lincoln

Confederacy• Able

generals (Robert E. Lee)

• Will and defensive fighting (“home team advantage”)

Disadvantages

Union• Farther

away from where the war was fought

Confederacy• Only 9

million people ~3.5 million were slaves

• Less railroad mileage

STRATEGIES

The Union• The Anaconda Plan-• Smother the Southern

economy-blockade the South’s

coastline*Blockade- armed forces preventing transportation of goods or people into or out of an area

-gain control of Mississippi River

Problems• Would take more time and

people were eager to take action

The Confederacy1. Hoped to tire the North out2. Wanted to be left alone3. Hoped to use King Cotton

as their way to get help from foreign enemies

King Cotton-the Southern cotton that ruled the world’s market

Problems• Europe had surplus of the

South’s cotton and sis not want to get involved in American war

BATTLE OF BULL RUN

• July 21, 1861• Where Confederate and Union soldiers clashed• First battle in the North

WHY IT MATTERED?

Showed the North what they were getting themselves intoNorth realized they underestimated the South

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LETS TALK ABOUT IT!!

WHAT WERE THE UNION’S REASONS TO

FIGHT? THE CONFEDERATES?

WHY WERE THE BORDER STATES

IMPORTANT TO BOTH SIDES IN THE CIVIL

WAR?