CHEMISTRY OF LIFEThe Nature of Matter

THE NATURE OF MATTER

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space (has volume).

Everything around us is made of matter.

Energy is anything that brings about change.

- Can hold matter together- Can tear matter apart

MATTER

Examples: Atoms elements Living things Rocks Soil air

ENERGY

Examples:

Sunlight Electricity Heat Chemical energy

THE NATURE OF MATTER

Atoms – smallest defined unit of matter

An atom has 3 parts: Proton is positive + Neutron has no

charge Electron is negative

- Electron is the part of

atom involved in chemical reactions.

THE NATURE OF MATTER – ATOM STRUCTURE

Nucleus- center of atoms that contains neutrons and protons.

Electrons orbit around the nucleus.

Energy holds the parts of an atom together.

There are different kinds of atoms depending on the number of electrons and protons.

THE NATURE OF MATTER

Elements – something that is made up of only one kind of atom.

Elements can not be broken down into a simpler form.

Ex: oxygen is made up of only oxygen atoms

THE NATURE OF MATTER Everything is made

up of elements. Most things,

organisms included, are made of combinations of different elements.

Example: air is made of many elements not just oxygen, but nitrogen, hydrogen, and carbon.

NATURE OF MATTER

Compounds are made up of 2 or more elements.

Compounds can look and act differently than the atoms they are made of.

Example: Water (H20) is two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen.

- Chemical Compounds in Cells

ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDSCarbon dioxide, which is found in gas bubbles, is a chemical compound. So is water.

THE NATURE OF MATTER

There are two kinds of compounds.

1) molecules- atoms bond together by SHARING elections.

2) ion compounds- ion is an atom with a positive or negative charge.

THE NATURE OF MATTER

Ion compounds – are formed by the attraction of opposite ions. A positive and a negative ion form an ion compound

Example: Salt is Sodium (Na) Chloride (Cl)

( Na+ and Cl-) = NaCl

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

Always contain carbon and hydrogen and are usually associated with living things.

4 types make up living things: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

ORGANIC COMPOUNDSCarbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic

Acids

Function

Supply energy for cell processes; short-term Energy storage

Store large amounts of energy long term; cell membranes

Regulate cell processes and build cell structures

Carry hereditary information; used to make proteins

Element Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, phosphorous

Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogn, sulfer

Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phos.

Example

Sugars, starch, cellulose

Fats, oils, waxes, and cholesterol

Enzymes, skin, and hair

DNA and RNA