Civil War

Civil WarWJES- Mrs. Bryant 5th GradeGeorgia Standards

Historical UnderstandingsSS5H1 Explain the causes, major events, and consequences of the Civil War.

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Georgia StandardsSS5H1a. Identify Uncle Toms Cabin, John Browns raid on Harpers Ferry and explain how each of these events were related to the Civil War. 3

Uncle Toms CabinIn 1852, a novel written by abolitionist Harriet Beecher Stowe made a tremendous impact on the anti-slavery movement in America. Uncle Toms Cabin told a story about the shocking treatment of slaves by a cruel slave owner. It became extremely popular and was even made into a play. This book was related to the Civil War because it turned many people against slavery. Harriet Beecher Stowe & Uncle Tom's Cabin 4

Harpers Ferry, VirginiaAnother abolitionist named John Brown wanted to help slaves by giving them guns to rebel against their masters. In October 1859, Brown and a group of men took over a government gun storage facility in Harpers Ferry, Virginia. (It is now located in West Virginia.) Local soldiers surrounded the area but Brown refused to surrender. Two of his sons died in the fighting, and Brown was wounded. Brown was later put on trial, found guilty, and hung for his crime. John Browns raid on Harpers Ferry was related to the Civil War because it showed that people were willing to use violence to stop 5 slavery.John Brown's RaidHarpers Ferry

Georgia StandardsSS5H1b. Discuss how the issues of states rights and slavery increased tensions between the North and South.

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Disagreements Divide the CountryAs the United States grew in the 1800s, clear differences showed up between the North and South. The differences were:Cultural- how the people of the two regions lived their livesEconomic- how they earned their moneyConstitutional- how they looked at the U.S. Constitution.Causes of the American Civil War 7

States rightsTwo important issues increased tensions between North and South. They were states rights and slavery. States rights was a constitutional issue. Many Southerners believed that states should have final authority over the federal government. For example, if a state did not like a law passed by the federal government, that state did not have to obey it. 8

States rightsNortherners believed that the federal government had final authority over the states. The North believed that the nation was a union of states that could not be divided.

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SlaverySlavery was a cultural and economic issue. The South was an agricultural society. Slaves were used to plant and harvest the Souths most important crop cotton. Northerners wanted to abolish slavery because they felt it was wrong. Southerners resisted, saying that the abolition of slavery would destroy their regions economy. 10

Georgia StandardsSS5H1c. Identify major battles and campaigns: Fort Sumter, Gettysburg, the Atlanta Campaign, Shermans March to the Sea, Appomattox Court House. 11

The War BeginsAfter Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1860, many Southern states seceded from the Union. The Southern states formed the Confederate Army. Soldiers from the North were known as Union troops. 12

Fort SumterConfederate forces wanted to take over Fort Sumter, South Carolina. They began firing on the fort on April 12, 1861. The Civil War had begun!Union troops at Fort Sumter were low on food and ammunition. After hundreds of shells struck the fort and fire threatened to cause an explosion, the Union troops surrendered. On April 14, the Union troops withdrew from the fort. Not a single person was killed in the battle. Fort Sumter and the Civil War13

Battle of GettysburgThe Battle of Gettysburg was the turning point in the Civil War. From July 1 to July 3, 1863, Confederate General Robert E. Lee fought to hold on to the small town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. The larger Union Army overwhelmed his troops and won the battle. Both sides experienced terrible losses of life. This Union victory left the South with no chance of winning the Civil War. Gettysburg AddressThe Battle of Gettysburg 14

The Battle of GettysburgPresident Lincoln visited Gettysburg in November 1863. He made a speech at a ceremony dedicating part of the battlefield as a cemetery. This speech is called the Gettysburg Address. Even though it was less than three minutes long, it is one of the most famous and inspiring speeches in American history.Lincoln's Gettysburg Address 15

Atlanta Campaign The War Moves into Georgia!The year of 1864 brought bad times to the South, especially Georgia. Union General William Tecumseh Shermans Atlanta Campaign brought death and destruction. He moved his army south from Tennessee into Atlanta, fighting Confederate soldiers along the way. When the Union troops finally took over Atlanta, they set the city on fire. Sherman's Letter- Atlanta Campaign 16

Shermans March to the SeaIn November 1864, Shermans troops left Atlanta. They split into two groups and headed to Savannah on the Atlantic coast. This journey is called the March to the Sea. Along the way, Union troops destroyed homes, stores, crops, bridges, and railroad tracks. Sherman was trying to crush any fighting spirit left in the South.Sherman's March to the Sea 17

Shermans March to the SeaShermans army reached Savannah just before Christmas. Sherman sent President Lincoln a telegram presenting the city as a gift. He then headed into South Carolina and continued his path of destruction.

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Appomattox Court HouseBy April 1865, the Confederate Army was suffering. Many soldiers were sick and starving, and their clothes were in rags. On April 9, General Lee surrendered the Southern forces to Union General Ulysses S. Grant in the town of Appomattox Court House, Virginia. Instead of celebrating, most soldiers on both sides quietly returned home.Appomattox Court HouseAppomattox Court House Website 19

Georgia StandardsSS5H1d. Describe the roles of Abraham Lincoln, Robert E. Lee, Ulysses S. Grant, Jefferson Davis, and Thomas Stonewall Jackson. 20

When Two Great Minds CollideAbraham Lincoln and Robert E. Lee were two men who were very powerful in the time leading up to and during the Civil War. These two men represented very different views of the nature of the United States. With their Positions as leaders and their differences in opinion, conflict was bound to happen. 21

Abraham LincolnAs a Civil War leader, Abraham Lincoln:Was President of the United States, elected in 1860Opposed the spread of slaveryIssued the Emancipation ProclamationWas determined to preserve the Union by force, if necessaryBelieved the United States was one nation, not a collection of independent statesWrote the Gettysburg Address that said the Civil War, which began in 1861, was to preserve a government of the people, by the people, and for the peopleJohn Wilkes Booth assassinated him in Fords Theatre.Abraham Lincoln22

Robert E. LeeAs a Civil War leader, Robert E. Lee:Was the leader of the Army of Northern VirginiaWas offered the command of the Union forces at the beginning of the war, but chose not to fight against VirginiaOpposed secession, but did not believe the Union should be held together by forceUrged Southerners to accept defeat at the end of the war and reunite as Americans when some wanted to continue fightingSurrendered to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House.Robert E. Lee 23

Think About ItRobert E. Lee was an officer in the United States Army before the Civil War began. He was offered the command of the Union Army to help end the rebellion in the South. However, the state of Virginia seceded, so Lee felt it was his duty to defend his native Virginia. If Virginia had remained a member of the Union, do you think Robert E. Lee would still have commanded the Confederate Army? 24

Ulysses S. GrantUlysses S. Grant was head of the Union Army that defeated Robert E. Lee and the Confederate Army. Many historians say that he was the most capable of all the Union generals. He was a master of military strategy. President Lincoln said of Grant, I cant spare this man he fights.Ulysses S. Grant

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Jefferson DavisJefferson Davis was president of the Confederate States of America from 1861 1865. He had a strong faith in the Southern cause and wisely appointed Robert E. Lee to lead the Confederate Army. Unfortunately, Davis clashed with Southern leaders and was blamed by many of them for the Southern defeat in the Civil War.Jefferson Davis 26

Thomas Stonewall Jackson Thomas Stonewall Jackson was a skilled Confederate general from Virginia. He earned the nickname Stonewall during the Battle of First Bull Run. A general saw him bravely facing the enemy and said, There is Jackson, standing like a stone wall. 27

Georgia Standards SS5H1e. Describe the effects of war on the North and South.

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The Effects of WarThe Civil War affected both the North and South. The South experienced the most hardships because the Civil War battles were fought on Southern soil. As the war wore on, many soldiers were killed or injured on both sides, but the Southern forces were especially hard hit. The Confederate Army lost so many men that young teenage boys began to join the Army later in the war. 29

The Effects of WarThe loss of men was felt on both sides. Families in both the North and South faced serious financial problems due to the deaths of husbands and fathers who had earned the familys income before the war. 30

Effects of WarDiseases also became a deadly problem for both sides. For every soldier who died of a battle wound, two died from disease. Many soldiers came from isolated farms where they had not been exposed to many diseases. In the crowded camps of the Army, germs spread like wildfire. Mumps, measles, diarrhea, and smallpox struck thousands. 31

Effects of the WarBy the end of the war, much of the South had been devastated. Railroads, industries, homes, and farms had been destroyed. Thousands of people had lost everything they owned. Most of the South faced a long rebuilding process. In contrast, parts of the Northern economy prospered during the war. Farmers produced more crops to feed the soldiers, and industries grew to provide military supplies. 32

The American Civil WarThe Civil War Review

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