c m h alexander and hellenism
Post on 14-Sep-2014
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The MacedoniansNorth of GreeceGreeks considered them
foreignersMacedonian King Phillip
II saw Greek city-states weakness
Began raising armyConquered northern
territories
The GreeksDemosthenes warned the GreeksCouldn’t agree on a way to defend
themselves338 B.C. Macedonians defeated
the Greeks at ChaeroneaGreece now ruled by King Phillip IIPlanned to attack Persians next
Alexander the GreatKing Phillip II was murderedHis son, Alexander took over
Just turned 20Student of AristotleLove sport, especially riding
BucephalusInherited Macedonia and all of Greece
Greeks thought they could regain their freedom
The Conquests of AlexanderWorked w/ Greeks to attack
PersiaGreeks willing to fight for
himMarched on to Persia
Dominated first Persian army at the Granicus River
The Conquests of AlexanderKing Darius (Persia) tried to negotiate
Alexander didn’tPlanned to conquer all of Persian empire
Headed to conquer EgyptAccepted Alexander as a liberatorNamed him PharaohFounded Alexandria
Moved east - to King Darius at GaugamelaAttacked King Darius and his huge army
The Conquests of AlexanderConquered Babylon, Susa, PersepolisNow ruled Greece, Egypt, Phoenicia, Palestine, Babylonia,
Assyria, Asia Minor and Persia
Conquests of AlexanderLeft Persia, rode to IndiaKing Porus (India) heard
he was comingWaited on far side of river
Alexander’s troops crossed the river and defeated the army
End of Alexander’s CampaignTroops got tired, wanted to go homeAlexander agreed to turn backSpring 323 B.C. they had reached Babylon
Alexander planned to unify his empireDied from a fever weeks later
Conquests of Alexander
Dividing Alexander’s KingdomAntigonusKing of MacedoniaControl of Greek city-statesPtolemyEgyptBecame PharaohSeleucusPersian empireKnown as Seleucid Kingdom
HellenismB/c of Alexander, Greek culture spread and blended
with Egyptian, Persian, Indian cultureInfluenced: language, trade, development, science,
technology, math, philosophy, art
Hellenism - LanguageLanguage:
“Koine” - commonInfluenced by GreekSharing language = sharing ideas
Hellenism - TradeAlexandria became
trading capitalPopulation 1/2 million
Access to the seasCommerce helped city
grow, prosperIncreased cultural mixing
Hellenism - DevelopmentBroad streets lined with
statuesTomb for AlexanderMuseum
Art galleriesZooBotanical gardensDining hallInstitute for study
Alexandrian LibraryProduced brilliant
scholarsPharos - lighthouse
overlooking harbor
Hellenism - AstronomyAristarchus
Estimated the sun larger than EarthProposed that the Earth and planets
revolve around the sunPut planets in proper order
EratosthenesUsed geometry to compute Earth’s
circumferenceInvented leap dayCreated map of the world
Hellenism - Math and PhysicsEuclid
Wrote ElementsWork is the basis for geometry
ArchimedesEstimated value of ∏Explained the laws of leversArchimedes screwCompound pulley
Hellenism - ArchimedesArchimedes screw • Law of Levers
Hellenism - PhilosophyFocused on how people should live their lives
Stoicism:Founded by ZenoLive life in harmony with
will of god(s)Desires were distractionsPromoted social unityFocus on what can be
controlled
• Epicureanism:– Founded by Epicurus– Gods ruled the universe, had
no interest in humans– Reality (truth) is what could
be perceived by the senses– Greatest good is virtuous
behavior, absence of pain– Harmony of body, mind
Hellenism - ArtMoved away from idealized formsRealism
New subjectsMore naturalUsed bronze, metals
Sculpture flourishedColossus of Rhodes
Over 100 feet highNike - winged victory
For next class…Distribute Review SheetsReview for Academic Olympiad next classTEST – 3/5 EVEN, 3/6 ODDG-SPRITE – Due 3/5 EVEN, 3/6 ODDTerm Corrections - Due 3/5 EVEN, 3/6 ODD