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9/18/2017 Collaborative consent is path to govern according to UNDRIP | Vancouver Sun http://vancouversun.com/opinion/op-ed/collaborative-consent-is-path-to-govern-according-to-undrip 1/6 Collaborative consent is path to govern according to UNDRIP

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Page 1: C o l l a b o r a t i v e c o n s e n t i s p a t h t o g ......gi`fi`kp% Efn `k `j k`d\ kf Yi`e^ k_\j\ Zfdd`kd\ekj kf c`]\# _fefli gifd`j\j dX[\# Xe[ Yl`c[ X ]lkli\ `e n_`Z_ @e[`^\eflj

9/18/2017 Collaborative consent is path to govern according to UNDRIP  | Vancouver Sun

http://vancouversun.com/opinion/op-ed/collaborative-consent-is-path-to-govern-according-to-undrip 1/6

R O S I E S I M M S

O L I V E R M . B R N D E S

M E R R E L L - A N N P H A R E

M I C H A E L M I L T E N B E R G E R

Published on: September 17, 2017 | Last Updated: September 17, 2017 10:00 PM PDT

Collaborative consent is path togovern according to UNDRIP 

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9/18/2017 Collaborative consent is path to govern according to UNDRIP  | Vancouver Sun

http://vancouversun.com/opinion/op-ed/collaborative-consent-is-path-to-govern-according-to-undrip 2/6

Premier John Horgan enters the legislature for a swearing­in ceremony surrounded by members of the Nisga'a First

Nation in February.  C H A D H I P O L I T O / T H E C A N A D I A N P R E S S

In an era of conflict around pipelines, newhydropower dams, and developments of all sorts inIndigenous traditional territories across B.C., wewelcome the premier’s Sept. 6 announcement that,going forward, B.C. will be governed according to theUnited Nations Declaration on the Rights ofIndigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). 

Beyond good intentions, the urgent need to build a di�erent trajectory

forward is clear: trends in the Supreme Court from three important cases

originating from B.C. (Delgamuukw, Haida Nation, and Tsilhqot’in Nation)

only reinforce this, emphasizing that decision­making without the consent of

Indigenous nations comes at a high cost and with significant risks. The

current system of consultation and accommodation is not working. It is

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9/18/2017 Collaborative consent is path to govern according to UNDRIP  | Vancouver Sun

http://vancouversun.com/opinion/op-ed/collaborative-consent-is-path-to-govern-according-to-undrip 3/6

based on the premise that it can be acceptable to infringe Indigenous rights

and does not embrace Indigenous governments as partners in the

governance of Canada. 

The premier’s announcement certainly signals a step in the right direction.

But what would it truly look like — and what changes would be required — to

realize UNDRIP as well as commitments to reconciliation and equitable and

just nation­to­nation relationships with Indigenous nations? Fortunately for

the B.C. government, our team at the Centre for Indigenous Environmental

Resources and the University of Victoria’s POLIS Water Sustainability Project

has researched the details of this critical shift. In a report, soon to be

released, we present the options and a viable path forward through the

process of collaborative consent.

Collaborative consent is a mutual consent process: it is about governance

and changing how decisions are made. It is like cooperative federalism —

where federal, territorial, and provincial governments work together

institutionally on matters of shared importance and concern — but goes

further by embracing the critical role of Indigenous nations as full partners in

building Canada’s future. With collaborative consent, Indigenous and non­

Indigenous governments commit to working together with a goal of

achieving each other’s consent to decisions, policies, and plans.

Collaborative consent involves long­term processes requiring all

governments to build structures and new institutions to engage in share

decision­making. 

Collaborative consent (like cooperative federalism) does not require anyone

involved to surrender authority. Nor does it mean that all governments are

involved in all decisions at all times. The critical thing is that the parties

involved agree how they will work together: where collaboration is necessary

(or not) and how decisions will be made. Because each party participates

based on their own understanding of their authority regardless of whether

others agree, these processes can proceed even with historical game

stoppers, like unceded territory and resolving land, title, and rights claims

issues.

Collaborative consent can be applied in any decision­making process at any

scale — from individual projects like mines or water licence applications, up

to high­level policy and law development. The critical point is that the scope

of issues must be satisfactory to all parties involved. 

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9/18/2017 Collaborative consent is path to govern according to UNDRIP  | Vancouver Sun

http://vancouversun.com/opinion/op-ed/collaborative-consent-is-path-to-govern-according-to-undrip 4/6

Yes, collaborative consent marks a major (and likely uncomfortable) step

forward from the status­quo, but there are no barriers standing in the way of

B.C. moving in this direction. Indigenous, provincial, and territorial

governments are already putting aspects of collaborative consent into action

as they work through the tough governance challenges of the day,

demonstrating the proof of possibility for B.C. to embed this approach in

decision­making going forward.

In particular, B.C.’s leaders can look to the North for inspiration. Territorial

and Indigenous governments in the Northwest Territories have been leaders

in adopting a collaborative consent approach: together, these governments

have successfully co­drafted legislation and undertaken major collaborative

negotiations for lands and waters, including the complex Mackenzie River

Basin Bilateral Water Management Agreements with B.C. and Alberta.

Within the province, too, aspects of collaborative consent are already in

motion. On Haida Gwaii for instance, a shared decision­making framework

exists in which both the British Columbia provincial government and the

Haida Nation passed their own laws to delegate Crown and Indigenous

authority to a joint management body. This permanent table makes shared,

consensus decisions on strategic land and resource management issues.

Collaborative consent requires transformation of existing governance

systems and ways of thinking. Improved skills around collaboration and

consensus building — and a shift in attitude among Crown governments

away from a risk­adverse approach to one that is more proactive, focused on

longer­term outcomes and joint solutions — are urgently needed to make

this approach work in practice. Understanding, support, time, and resourcing

are needed for Indigenous nations’ institution (re)building and internal

governance processes to engage in ongoing collaborative consent

processes. 

As Canada celebrates and reflects on 150 years of Confederation, no issue is

more pressing to our nation than the need to build more just relationships

with Indigenous nations. B.C.’s political leaders have stated this is a topmost

priority. Now it is time to bring these commitments to life, honour promises

made, and build a future in which Indigenous nations assume prominent

governance places and shape the laws, policies, and broad direction for our

province going forward. 

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9/18/2017 Collaborative consent is path to govern according to UNDRIP  | Vancouver Sun

http://vancouversun.com/opinion/op-ed/collaborative-consent-is-path-to-govern-according-to-undrip 5/6

 

Merrell­Ann Phare is the founding executive director of the Centre for

Indigenous Environmental Resources; Rosie Simms is a water law and policy

researcher at the University of Victoria’s POLIS Water Sustainability Project;

Oliver Brandes is the associate director at the University of Victoria’s Centre

for Global Studies and serves as co­director of the POLIS Project on

Ecological Governance; Michael Miltenberger spent 20 years as an MLA in

the Northwest Territories.

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9/18/2017 Collaborative consent is path to govern according to UNDRIP  | Vancouver Sun

http://vancouversun.com/opinion/op-ed/collaborative-consent-is-path-to-govern-according-to-undrip 6/6

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