c o n t e n t s · 2020-03-16 · cv ratnavathi and r venkateswarlu..... 42 compositional grain...

…………………………………………………………..…………………. All India Coordinated Research Project on Sorghum, Hyderabad

Report of the AICRP on Sorghum Coordinating Team-agm19 1

Report of the AICRP on Sorghum Coordinating Team 2018-19

C o n t e n t s

Prelude from Project Coordinator ................................................................................................ .... 3

Summary of AICRP on Sorghum research achievements – Kharif, 2018................................ ........... 5

1. Genetic resources management & IPR (M Elangovan)................................ .............................. 5 2. Forage sorghum (B Venkatesh Bhat)................................................................ ........................ 12 3. Breeding – Grain sorghum (C Aruna) ................................................................ ...................... 13 4. Sweet sorghum (AV Umakanth) ................................................................................................ 18 5. Sorghum agronomy (S Ravi Kumar)................................................................ ......................... 19 6. Sorghum pathology (IK Das) ................................................................................................ .... 19 7. Entomology (G Shyam Prasad)................................................................................................ . 20 8. Sorghum physiology (SS Rao)................................................................................................ ... 22 9. Nucleus and breeder seed production (B Venkatesh Bhat)................................ ....................... 23 10. Distinctness, uniformity and stability (K Hariprasanna)................................ .......................... 23 11. Intellectual property rights (C Aruna) ................................................................ ...................... 23 12. Plant varieties protection & farmers’ rights act (K Hariprasanna)................................ ......... 23 13. Frontline demonstrations (Rajendra R Chapke)................................................................ ....... 23

Summary of AICRP on Sorghum research achievements - Rabi 2017-18 ................................ ......... 24

1. Breeding - Grain sorghum (R Madhusudhana) ................................................................ ........ 24 2. Sorghum agronomy (S Ravi Kumar)................................................................ ......................... 26 3. Physiology (SS Rao)................................................................................................ .................. 27 4. Entomology (G Shyam Prasad)................................................................................................ . 27 5. Sorghum pathology (IK Das) ................................................................................................ .... 28 6. Frontline demonstrations (Rajendra R Chapke)................................................................ ....... 29

Studies on roti quality and nutritional quality of sorghum grains at different locations ................... 30

U.S. Dalvi, A.S. Jadhav and U.D. Chavan................................................................ .............................. 30 Status of DUS testing in sorghum and PPV&FRA registrations................................ ...................... 38

Hariprasanna K., P. Suresh, Amasiddha B. and C. Deepika ................................................................ ....... 38 Compositional grain quality of sorghum varieties & hybrids evaluated under advanced trial .......... 42

CV Ratnavathi and R Venkateswarlu................................................................................................ ..... 42 Compositional grain quality of initial specialty sorghum varietal trial 2018................................ ..... 44

CV Ratnavathi and R Venkateswarlu................................................................................................ ..... 44 Report on monitoring of AICSIP trials during kharif 2018................................ ............................. 46

AV Umakanth................................................................................................................................ ..... 46 Report on monitoring of AICSIP trials during rabi 2018-19 ................................ ........................... 62

AV Umakanth................................................................................................................................ ..... 62



APPENDICES ................................................................................................ ........................... 70

Appendix I: AICRP on Sorghum plan and instructions................................................................ .... 70 Appendix II: Proforma for submission of entries for AICRP on Sorghum trials .............................. 72Appendix III: Information on parental lines / entries submitted ................................ ...................... 74 Appendix IV: New CVRC proforma of release and notification proposal................................ ........ 75 Appendix V: Bench marking of varieties of important agricultural and horticultural crops ........... 76Appendix VI: Criterion for best AICRP on Sorghum centre prize.................................................... 78



Prelude from Project Coordinator

Dr. Vilas A Tonapi Project Coordinator & Director

All India Coordinated Research Project on Sorghum Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad

Sorghum is an excellent source of food, feed and dry and green fodder and therefore, is important for the income generation for the rural dryland farmers owing to assured grains and fodder yields under low-input cultivation. Sorghum is resilient to different kind of situations and it can be grown in areas widely differing for climatic regimes. It is also the base crop on which many inter- and sequence-cropping systems are built upon. In India, the sorghum productivity has been on a declining trend. Not surprisingly, the area under sorghum has also declined rapidly. Our primary vision at ICAR-IIMR and the centres of All India Coordinated Research Project on Sorghum(AICRP-S) encompasses the goal to enhance production, Productivity and stability of sorghum under low to moderate-rainfall situations, increase resistance to drought and other environmental stresses, diversification of the genetic base, enhance resistance to grain mold, leaf diseases, stem borer and shoot fly, so arrest decline in sorghum cultivation. We are greatly emphasizing on improving grain quality and saline-soil adaptability, low and high temperature tolerance and maintain the long-term sustainability, value-addition and marketing to meet significant food, feed, fodder and fuel (bio-energy) requirements. Accordingly, programmes were developed and several technologies were tested for crop production, protection and utilization, all of which are now being adopted to various extent in different parts of the country. Under the AICRP network for sorghum research, coordinated and supported by IIMR, the past year was another period of progress, reorientation, introspection and dedication. Our programmes during the past year have been on the expected lines and new output and outcomes are in pipeline across product lines and technology strata across disciplines. We also had multifaceted activities round the year with sorghum and other millets getting a new recognition as health foods and capable of profiting the farmers of dryland agriculture. During the previous year, kharif grain and forage hybrids namely Sorghum Hybrids – JAICAR – GOLD (CSH 41 /SPH 1820); Sorghum Varieties – JAICAR HEERA- (CSV 36/SPV 2301), JAICAR SONA (CSV 39/SPV 2358), SPV 2366 and Forage Sorghums – JAICAR -HARIYALI (CSV



38 F / SPV 2316) and PARBHANI MAULI (CSV 40 F / SPV 2387 were identified for release and notified through CVRC. Stem borer resistant Bt transgenic has been tested in the field. Good progress has been made in identifying QTLs for shoot fly resistance, foliar diseases and yield traits. We have more candidate cultivars, recommendable technological findings, more outreach and capacity building programmes under the hat. Success story of sorghum in rice-fallows is commendable. Sorghum in rice fallows was popularized with enhanced area touching around 40000 ha in the coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh. We have demonstrated sorghum and minor millets technologies to increase productivity to enhance livelihood status of the tribal farmers at different locations of the country. With food industry in India and elsewhere foraying into manufacture of food, there is a growing recognition of the fact that we don’t have cultivars and production technologies for food industry-friendly traits. We need to work in this direction in an intensive fashion. Innovative approaches to fast-track the technology development are required to support the sorghum farmers and reverse the declining sorghum cultivation. Some work on these lines has begun in AICRP and IIMR. Incidentally, this year, the Quinquennial Review Team (QRT) constituted by the ICAR carried out its task in three phases spanning over 32 days and visit to 14 AICRP stations in addition to IIMR and CRS at Solapur. The committee observed that a good number of hybrids and varieties have been released at national level and very good efforts have been taken towards value addition in sorghum at IIMR and few AICRP Centres. We would like to place on record that the research and associated developmental activities achieved by the AICRP were possible due to the constant support, encouragement and guidance of Dr. T Mohapatra, Secretary, DARE and DG, ICAR and Dr. AK Singh, DDG (Crop Sciences), Dr. RK Singh, ADG (CC), and Dr. Dineshkumar, ADG (F&FC) ICAR, New Delhi. Our sincere thanks are also due to all Principal Investigators, and multi-disciplinary teams of scientists at AICRP centre for their contribution to sorghum research and development initiatives during 2018-19.



Summary of AICRP on Sorghum research achievements – Kharif, 2018

1. Genetic resources management & IPR (M Elangovan) ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research (IIMR) is one of the National Active Germplasm Sites (NAGS) with the responsibility to collect, conserve, evaluate, document, and distribute the millets genetic resources to the bonafied user within the country. The following progress has been made during the reporting period 2018 – 19. 1. Collection

• Three millets exploration programmes individually and 1 in collaboration with ICAR–NBPGR (RS) were undertaken in Tamil Nadu, MP, Gujarat & Telangana. There were 174 acc. of millets germplasm collected. In which, Little millet was collected with maximum of 51 acc. followed by Sorghum (45 acc.), Finger millet (35 acc.), Pearl millet (27 acc.) etc.,

2. Augmentation • We have augmented 11,845 acc. from various centres viz., SAUs, AICRP on Pearl Millet, NGB–NBPGR and

ICRISAT. Maximum of 4,404 acc. of Sorghum, 2,570 acc. of Foxtail millet, 2,365 acc. of Pearl millet, 2,034 acc. of Finger millet etc., were augmented. Maximum millet germplasm augmented from NGB-NBPGR-New Delhi (9,447 acc.) followed by AICRP on Pearl millet (2,233 acc.) etc.,

3. Characterization of Sorghum germplasm under CRP-AB during Rabi 2017-18 3.1: Characterization of 2032 acc. of Sorghum germplasm under Consortium Research Platform on Agrobiodiversity (CRP-AB) during 2017-18 at ICAR-IIMR-Hyderabad

• 2,032 acc. were characterized during 2017-18 for 9 quantitative and 13 qualitative traits. The plant height was the most variable character followed by grain yield, days to 50% flowering, leaf length (cm), ear head length (cm) etc.,

• In seedling vigour, the maximum frequency is observed in good (1,030 acc.), greyed purple (1,325 acc.) in leaf sheath pigmentation; green midrib (937 acc.) in midrib colour; drooping leaf orientation (1,360 acc.); dark green leaf colour (1,362 acc.); 25% glume coverage (825 acc.); brown glume colour (528 acc.); caudatum race (674 acc.); semi compact ear head compactness (813 acc.); non-lustrous grain (1609 acc.); medium grain size (1,444 acc.); light yellow grain colour (474 acc.) and round grain shape (1337 acc.).

• 103 acc. were identified as potential donors which includes, 12 acc. identified for early flowering (<69 days); 18 acc. for more number of leaves (>17 leaves); 22 acc. for longer leaves (>90 cm); 31 acc. for wider leaves (>9.5 cm); 30 acc. for longer ear head (>30 cm); 30 acc. for wider ear head (>7.0 cm); 21 acc. for dwarf plant height (<110 cm); 35 acc. for higher grain yield (>80 g/plant) and 34 acc. for more 100-seed weight (>4.5g).

3.2: Characterization of 2431 acc. of Sorghum germplasm un-germinated during Rabi 2016-17 under Consortium Research Platform on Agrobiodiversity (CRP-AB) during 2017-18 at ICAR-IIMR-Hyderabad

• 2,431 acc. un-germinated during 2016-17 were characterized during Rabi 2017-18 for 9 quantitative and 15 qualitative traits. The plant height was the most variable character followed by days to 50% flowering, grain yield, leaf length, ear head length etc.,

• In seedling vigour, the maximum frequency is observed in good (2,035 acc.); greyed purple (1,990 acc.) in leaf sheath pigmentation; green midrib (838 acc.) in midrib colour; drooping leaf orientation (2,208 acc.); dark green leaf colour (2,310 acc.); 25% glume coverage (476 acc.); straw glume colour (237 acc.); caudatum race (387 acc.); semi compact ear head compactness (471 acc.); non-lustrous grain (1,117 acc.); medium grain size (1,444 acc.); red grain colour (202 acc.) and narrow elliptic shape (572 acc.).

• 337 acc. identified as potential donor which includes, 28 acc. identified for early flowering (<41 days); 30 acc. for more number of leaves (>19 leaves); 10 acc. for longer leaves (>100 cm); 37 acc. for wider leaves (>9 cm); 25 acc. for dwarf plant height (<100 cm); 63 acc. for longer ear head (>30 cm), 21 acc. for wider ear head (>7.0 cm); 22 acc. for higher grain yield (>70 g/plant) and 51 acc. for more 100-seed weight (>4.5g).

4. Characterization of Pearl millet germplasm during Summer 2018 4.1: Characterization of 2016 acc. of Pearl millet germplasm augmented from TNAU-Coimbatore during Summer 2018 at ICAR-IIMR-Hyderabad

• A total of 2016 accessions of pearl millet augmented from TNAU-Coimbatore were characterized at ICAR-IIMR–Hyderabad during Summer 2018

• Data on 9 quantitative and 13 qualitative traits were collected. The plant height was the most variable character followed by grain yield, days to 50% flowering, leaf blade length, spike length etc.,

• In plant growth habit, the maximum frequency is observed in erect (1084 acc.); absence (1170 acc.) of leaf sheath pubescence; absence (1095 acc.) of plant node pubescence; green (1235 acc.) plant node pigmentation; green



(1715 acc.) plant inter-node pigmentation; complete (1634 acc.) spike exertion; absent (1536 acc.) of spike anthocyanin pigmentation of glume; absence (1602 acc.) of spike bristles; absence (1559 acc.) of spike tip sterility; loose (714 acc.) spike density; candle (1282 acc.) spike shape; yellow grey (775 acc.) grain colour & obovate (1062 acc.) grain shape.

• Potential germplasm identified: There were 293 acc. identified as potential donor. 62 acc. identified for early flowering with less than 50 days; 44 acc. for more number of basal tiller with more than 15 tillers; 14 acc. for longer leaf blade length with more than 65 cm; 12 acc. for wider lead blade with more than 5.50 cm; 30 acc. for more number nodes with more than 11.00 nodes; 41 acc. for dwarf plant height with less than 90 cm; 33 acc. for longer spike length with more than 35.0 cm; 31 acc. for wider spike width with more than 3.5 cm and 25 acc. for higher grain yield per plant with more than 35g/plant.

4.2: Characterization of 238 acc. of minicore collections of Pearl millet at ICAR-IIMR-Hyderabad during Summer 2018

• A total of 238 accessions of minicore collections of pearl millet obtained from ICRISAT-Patancheru were characterized at ICAR-IIMR–Hyderabad during Summer 2018

• Data on 9 quantitative and 13 qualitative traits were collected. The plant height was the most variable character followed by leaf blade length, grain yield, days to 50% flowering, spike length etc.,

• In plant growth habit, the maximum frequency is observed in erect (84 acc.); absence (94 acc.) of leaf sheath pubescence; absence (111 acc.) of plant node pubescence; green (107 acc.) plant node pigmentation; green (146 acc.) plant inter-node pigmentation; complete (132 acc.) spike exertion; absent (138 acc.) of spike anthocyanin pigmentation of glume; absence (131 acc.) of spike bristles; absence (140 acc.) of spike tip sterility; loose (71 acc.) spike density; candle (91 acc.) spike shape; deep grey (45 acc.) grain colour and obovate (89 acc.) grain shape.

• Potential germplasm identified: There were 243 acc. identified as potential donor. 16 acc. identified for early flowering with less than 62 days; 29 acc. for more number of basal tiller with more than 20 tillers; 33 acc. for longer leaf blade length with more than 85 cm; 45 acc. for wider leaf blade with more than 5.00 cm; 23 acc. for more number nodes with more than 12.00 nodes; 22 acc. for dwarf plant height with less than 150 cm; 23 acc. for longer spike length with more than 35.0 cm; 40 acc. for wider spike width with more than 3.0 cm and 17 acc. for higher grain yield per plant with more than 30g/plant.

4.3: Characterization of 49 acc. of indigenous collections of Pearl millet at ICAR-IIMR-Hyderabad during Summer 2018

• A total of 49 accessions of indigenous collections of pearl millet collected from Andhra Pradesh (12 acc.), Maharashtra (12 acc.), Odisha (1 acc.) and Tamil Nadu (24 acc.) were characterized at ICAR-IIMR–Hyderabad during Summer 2018

• Data on 9 quantitative and 13 qualitative traits were collected. The plant height was the most variable character followed by leaf blade length, grain yield, days to 50% flowering, number of basal tillers etc.,

• In plant growth habit, the maximum frequency is observed in erect (37 acc.); absence (31 acc.) of leaf sheath pubescence; absence (36 acc.) of plant node pubescence; green (37 acc.) plant node pigmentation; complete (36 acc.) spike exertion; absent (29 acc.) of spike anthocyanin pigmentation of glume; absence (33 acc.) of spike bristles; purple (3 acc.) bristle colour; absence (34 acc.) of spike tip sterility; loose (23 acc.) spike density; candle (14 acc.) spike shape; yellow grey (9 acc.) grain colour and obovate (9 acc.) grain shape

• Potential germplasm identified: There were 147 acc. identified as potential donor. 14 acc. identified for early flowering with less than 65 days; 12 acc. for more number of basal tillers with more than 20; 19 acc. for longer leaf blade length with more than 70 cm; 21 acc. for wider lead blade with more than 5.00 cm; 14 acc. for more number nodes with more than 10.00 nodes; 8 acc. for dwarf plant height with less than 150 cm; 20 acc. for longer spike length with more than 25.0 cm; 17 acc. for wider spike width with more than 3.0 cm and 11 acc. for higher grain yield per plant with more than 30g/plant.

4.4: Characterization of 224 acc. of Pearl millet augmented from RVSKVV-Gwalior and VNMKV-Parbhani at ICAR-IIMR-Hyderabad during Summer 2018

• A total of 224 accessions Pearl millet augmented from RVSKVV-Gwalior and VNMKV-Parbhani characterized at ICAR-IIMR-Hyderabad during Summer 2018

• Data on 9 quantitative and 13 qualitative traits were collected. The plant height was the most variable character followed by leaf blade length, grain yield, number of basal tillers and days to 50% flowering etc.,

• In plant growth habit, the maximum frequency is observed in erect (182 acc.); absence (141 acc.) of leaf sheath pubescence; absence (165 acc.) of plant node pubescence; green (173 acc.) plant node pigmentation; green (208 acc.) plant inter-node pigmentation; complete (202 acc.) spike exertion; absent (199 acc.) of spike anthocyanin pigmentation of glume; absence (205 acc.) of spike bristles; absence (200 acc.) of spike tip sterility; loose (106 acc.) spike density; candle (149 acc.) spike shape; yellow grey (170 acc.) grain colour and obovate (125 acc.) grain shape.



• Potential germplasm identified: There were 163 acc. identified as potential donor. 12 acc. identified for early flowering with less than 59 days; 20 acc. for more number of basal tillers with more than 24; 11 acc. for longer leaf blade length with more than 87 cm; 17 acc. for wider lead blade with more than 5.80 cm; 11 acc. for more number nodes with more than 13.00 nodes; 13 acc. for dwarf plant height with less than 150 cm; 24 acc. for longer spike length with more than 30.0 cm; 23 acc. for wider spike width with more than 3.0 cm and 32 acc. for higher grain yield per plant with more than 30g/plant.

5. Characterization of Small millet germplasm during Kharif 2018 5.1: Characterization of 2013 acc. of Finger millet germplasm under Consortium Research Platform on Agrobiodiversity (CRP-AB) during Kharif 2018 at ICAR-IIMR-Hyderabad

• 2,013 acc. of finger millet were characterized under CRP-AB on Small millets during Kharif 2018 for 11 quantitative and 9 qualitative traits. The grain yield was the most variable character followed by plant height, days to 50% flowering, flag leaf blade length etc.,

• In plant growth habit, the maximum frequency is observed in erect (1,343 acc.); absence (1,364 acc.) of plant pigmentation at leaf juncture; presence (1,432) acc.) of leaf sheath pubescence; absence of culm branching (1,207 acc.); fist ear head shape (766 acc.); absence of finger branching (1,621 acc.); presence of finger multiple whorls (1,073 acc.); copper brown grain colour (669 acc.) and reniform grain shape (882 acc.).

• 276 acc. were identified as potential donors which includes, 12 acc. identified for early flowering (<53 days); 30 acc. for more number of basal tillers (>13); 19 acc. for longer flag leaf blade (>55 cm); 21 acc. for wider flay leaf blade (1.3 cm); 34 acc. for longer peduncle (>27 cm); 20 acc. for more number of fingers in the main axis (>12 fingers); 59 acc. for dwarf plant height (<93.0 cm); 62 acc. for higher grain yield (85 g/plant) and 19 acc. for more 100-seed weight (>0.5g).

5.2: Characterization of 2336 acc. of Foxtail millet germplasm under Consortium Research Platform on Agrobiodiversity (CRP-AB) during Kharif 2018 at ICAR-IIMR-Hyderabad

• 2,336 acc. of foxtail millet were characterized under CRP-AB on Small millets during kharif 2018 for 11 quantitative and 18 qualitative traits. The plant height was the most variable character followed by grain yield, days to 50% flowering, peduncle length, panicle length, flag leaf blade length etc.,

• In the first leaf: shape of tip, the maximum frequency is observed as pointed (1,965 acc.); absent or weak (1,690 acc.) in plant: anthocyanin colouration of basal leaf sheath; dark (1,749 acc.) in plant: intensity of green colour foliage; upright (1,616 acc.) plant: growth habit; absent or weak (1,702 acc.) plant: anthocyanin colouration of leaf collar; semi erect (1,690 acc.) leaf: attitude of blade; presence of inflorescence bristle (1,902 acc.); long (1,206 acc.) apical: length of bristles; presence of inflorescence: apical sterility (1,695 acc.); absence of panicle: anthocyanin colouration on bristles (1,690 acc.); absent or weak flag leaf: anthocyanin colouration of blade (1,912 acc.); absence of glume: anthocyanin colouration (1,593 acc.); semi-erect panicle: attitude in relation to stem (1,088 acc.); conical plant type (907 acc.) oblong inflorescence shape (809 acc.); presence of inflorescence lobes (912 acc.); circular grain shape (942 acc.) and brown grain colour (1,235 acc.).

• 383 acc. identified as potential donors which includes, 65 acc. identified for early flowering (<38 days); 17 acc. for longer flag leaf blade (>40 cm); 6 acc. for wider flag leaf blade (>1.0 cm); 27 acc. for more number of tillers (>8 tillers); 20 acc. for longer peduncle (>38 cm); 21 acc. for thicker stem (>1.0 cm); 24 acc. for longer panicle (>28.0 cm); 12 acc. for wider panicle (>3.0 cm); 79 acc. for dwarf plant height (<45.00 cm); 30 acc. for higher grain yield (60 g/plant) and 82 acc. for higher 100-seed weight (>0.35 g).

6. Conservation of millets genetic resources • As on 31st

7. Multiplication of millets genetic resources

March 2019, a total of 89,113 acc. of millets are conserved at Millets Genebank (MGB), ICAR-IIMR. Which include 42,798 acc. as bulk samples and 46,315 acc. as voucher samples. The maximum contribution is by the sorghum genetic resources with 27,791 acc. as bulk samples followed by finger millet with 6,054. In voucher samples, the maximum is by sorghum with 23,542 acc. followed by finger millet with 8,578 acc.

• During 2018-19, a total of 7,501 acc. of millets genetic resources are multiplied. This includes 3,785 acc. of sorghum (rabi 2017-18), 1,895 acc. of foxtail millet, 1,737 acc. finger millet etc. Which excludes 2,233 acc. of pearl millet mapping populations from AICRP on Pearl millet and 105 acc. of indigenous collections of pearl millet in summer 2019 (ongoing multiplication).

8. Distribution of millets genetic resources • 6,118 acc. of millets genetic resources are distributed to the bonafied users in the country through 122 MTAs.

Which includes 2687 acc. of sorghum, 975 acc. of finger millet, 853 acc. pearl millet etc.



• The Plant Breeding, ICAR-IIMR-Hyderabad received 1,021 acc. Followed by Dept. of Botany, MD University, Rotak, Haryana (505 acc.), Plant Biotechnology, ICAR-IIMR-Hyderabad (500 acc.) etc., In the category-wise material received, ICAR-IIMR scientists have received maximum of 2,358 acc. followed by SAUs with 2,042 acc. etc.,

9. Submission of millets genetic resources to National Genebank (NGB), ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi • 3,426 acc. of sorghum germplasm has been kept ready for Long-term Storage at NGB, ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi. • Seed packeting of 1,737 acc. of finger millet and 1,895 acc. of foxtail millet germplasm and 84 other millets

regenerated during Kharif 2018 are underway for submission to NGB, ICAR-NBPGR. • We have received IC no. for 65 acc. millets collected from Andhra Pradesh.

10. Millet germplasm field day 10.1: Pearl millet Germplasm Field day on 9th May 2018 Pearl millet germplasm field day was organized at ICAR-IIMR-Hyderabad on 9th May 2018 to facilitate the pearl millet researchers to know about the pearl millet diversity. The participants were from AICRP on Pearl millet centres from Dhule, Aurangabad, Ananthapuramu, Jodhpur, Jamnagar, Bikaner, ICAR-IARI-New Delhi, ICRISAT – Patancheru and 11 Private Seed Companies with 13 participants viz., Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Pvt. Ltd. – Jalna; Maharashtra State Seeds Corporation Ltd – Akola; Mahindra Agri Solutions Limited – Hyderabad; Nirmal Seeds Pvt. Ltd. – Pachora; Hytech Seed India Pvt. Ltd. – Medchal; Bayers BioScience Pvt. Ltd. – Madhapur; Krishidhan Seeds Ltd Addil MIDC – Jalna; Rasi Seeds (P) Ltd. – Hyderabad; UPL Limited, Hyderabad; JK Agri Genetics Ltd. – Hyderabad; and Eco Agriseeds Pvt. Ltd. – Hyderabad. There were 2534 acc. of pearl millet germplasm displayed in the field to the researchers for selection. 10.2: Finger millet Germplasm Field Day on 12th October 2018 ICAR-IIMR-Hyderabad organized Finger millet germplasm field day under the Consortium Research Platform on AgroBiodiversity on 12th October 2018. There were 30 participants from ICAR-IIMR, AICRP on Small millet and ICAR-NBPGR. There were 2013 accessions of finger millet germplasm were displayed in the field and the participants selected the material based on their desirable agro-morphological traits. There were 200 selections made by the participants. The germplasm related issues were discussed with the AICRP on Small millet centre and ICAR-IIMR and ICAR-NBPGR Scientists along with the technical programme for 2019-20 under CRP-AB-SM. 10.3: Sorghum Germplasm Field Day Organized on 30th January 2019 ICAR-IIMR has organized Sorghum Germplasm Field Day under the Consortium Research Platform on AgroBiodiversity on 30th January 2019. During the inauguration the Chief Guest Dr. Channabyre Gowda, Former Project Coordinator (Small Millets) emphasized the integrated objectives for both ICAR-IIMR and AICRP on Sorghum and interlinking of phenotypic and genotypic data to strengthen the selection process. Another Chief Guest Dr. JV Patil, Former Director, ICAR-IIMR appealed breeders to diversify the genetic base in the crop improvement programme. The Guest of Honour Dr. Sivaraj of ICAR-NBPGR appreciated the efforts of ICAR-IIMR in organizing series of germplasm field days to initiate the utilization of available genetic resources. Dr. Sushil Pandey of ICAR-NBPGR and Guest of Honour expressed his satisfaction on the progress of millet genetic resources programme at ICAR-IIMR under CRP-AB. He has requested to register more millet genetic stocks with ICAR-NBPGR. Dr. Vilas A Tonapi, Director, ICAR-IIMR in his Chairman’s remark informed the AICRP on Sorghum centres to perform well to meet the objectives of the coordinated programme. He also requested ICAR-NBPGR to augment all the FAO Trust millets germplasm from ICRISAT for utilization in the crop improvement. Dr. M Elangovan briefed the achievements of the Millet Genetic Resources Management at ICAR-IIMR in the past 18 years and finally Dr. Amasiddha proposed the vote of thanks. The field day was attended by 65 participants who include 25 from 15 AICRP on Sorghum, 3 from ICAR-NBPGR, 2 from ICRISAT, 1 from BARC-Trombay and 33 from ICAR-IIMR. In the field day during rabi 2018-19, a total of 4313 acc. were displayed. The selection of sorghum germplasm selection was done through digital field book mobile app. There were 450 accession selected by the participants from AICRP on Sorghum. 10.4: Member of Monitoring Germplasm Characterization 10.4.1: Maize Germplasm Monitoring Team under CRP-AB at ICAR-IIMR-RS-Hyderabad on 18th Sep 2018 - Visited the ICAR-IIMR-RS-Hyderabad field to monitor the characterization of Maize germplasm under the CRP-AB along with Dr. Sushil Pandey, Principal Scientists, ICAR-NBPGR-New Delhi on 18th September 2018. The Digitalization programme of Maize germplasm using the Field log by CIMMYT-Mexico was discussed its suitability to other crops. It was also discussed on the advanced Fire hawk Rugged mobile for data collection in the field. Firehawk Tablets, Mobiles and Notebooks are specified to meet the particular needs of every industrial vertical. 10.4.2: Little millet Germplasm Monitoring Team under CRP-AB at ICAR-NBPGR (RS)–Akola on 10th Oct 2018 - Visited the ICAR-NBPGR-RS-Akola field to monitor 1800 acc. of little millet germplasm characterization. The agro-morphological data is being observed well. More than 20 accessions with high yielding capability were noted. About 200 accessions are photo



sensitive and 50 are drought tolerant lines. The variability on panicle compactness, glume colour, plant height and earliness were observed prominent. 10.5: Millets Genebank’s participation in National Exhibitions 10.5.1: International Day of Biological Diversity organized at PJTSAU-Hyderabad on 22nd May 2018 - ICAR-IIMR has participated in the International Day for Biological Diversity 2018 organized by National Biodiversity Authority (NBA), Chennai at PJTSAU-Hyderabad on 22nd May 2018. The theme is “Celebrating 25 years of Action for Biodiversity”. The meeting was inaugurated by Hon'ble Governor of Telangana Shri E.S. Lakshmi Narasimhan. The programme was also attended by Shri Jogu Ramanna, Minister of Agroforestry, Government of Telangana; Dr. B Meenakumari, Chairperson NBA; Dr. V Praveen Rao, Vice Chancellor, PJTSAU, Hyderabad; and United National Development Programme (UNDP) country Director Marina Walter. Millets Genetic Resources Management was the theme of ICAR-IIMR’s exhibition stall. It was visited by more than 500 participants includes Scientists, Farmers, Students etc. Dr. M Elangovan, Principal Scientist and Smt A Annapurna, CTO coordinated the exhibition from IIMR. 10.5.2: National Workshop on Nutricereals on 29th September 2018 - Participated in the National Launching Workshop on Nutricereals at VAMNICOM-Pune on 28th Sep. 2018. The workshop was launched by Sri Radha Mohan Singh, Union Minister of Agriculture, Govt. of India. Agricultural Officials, National and State departments presented the status of millets in their respective states. Millet Genetic Resources stall was arranged and presented in the exhibition with display of live millet ear heads, millet seed diversity and posters to various visitors 11. National Workshops and Trainings Organized by ICAR-IIMR During 2018-19, ICAR-IIMR-Hyderabad had trained 1157 researchers in the country on Digital Field Book. We organized 14 exclusive National Workshops on Digital Field Book and trained 565 Scientists/Asst./Asso. Professors/Research Scholars/PG Students/Technical/Skilled Assistants etc. In these, 12 workshops were organized outside the ICAR-IIMR. 11.1: National Workshop on “Digitalization of Pearl Millet Genetic Resources Management” on 10th May 2018 National Workshop on Digitalization of Pearl Millet Genetic Resources Management ICAR-was organized at ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research (IIMR), Hyderabad in collaboration with All India Coordinated Research Project on Pearl millet on 10th May 2018. The training workshop was sponsored by Society for Millets Research. Dr. P Raghava Reddy, Chairman, QRT – AICRP on Pearl Millet was the Chief Guest of the learning workshop and Dr. Tara Satyavathu, Project Coordinator, AICRP on Pearl Millet, Jodhpur, RK Pannu, Dr. DC Uprety, Dr. ML Lodha and Dr. HS Shetty, the QRT Members of AICRP on Pearl Millet were the Guest of Honour’s. The event was chaired by Dr. Vilas A Tonapi, Director, ICAR-IIMR. Most of the mobile apps are used to give information and interactive, Field book app is useful to collect digital data in the field/lab. This is unique app because of open source, easy to use, user can customize and working offline. The workshop included a lecture, problem solving creating field and trait files and hands on training on data collection in mobile using the field book app. The workshop was coordinated by Drs M Elangovan, B Amsiddha and Smt A Annapurna. 11.2: National Workshop on “Digitalization of Plant Genetic Resources Management” at ICAR-NBPGR on 19th May 2018 National Workshop on Digitalization of Plant Genetic Resources Management was organized at ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources Management, New Delhi on 19th May 2018 on the occasion of National Workshop on Agro-Biodiversity. The workshop was attended by 20 scientists working in Rice, Wheat, Maize, Millets, Pigeon pea, Chickpea and Okra. They were facilitated with lecture, problem solving and hands on exercise on collecting data using mobile app field book. During the closing day Dr Kuldeep Singh, Director, ICAR-NBPGR appreciated the ICAR-IIMR’s initiative to organize the series of National Workshop on Digitalization to create awareness among the researchers to use the mobile apps for collecting data to save huge paper. The National Workshop was coordinated by Drs M Elangovan, Sushil Pandey and Kuldeep Tripathi. 11.3: National Workshop on “Digital Field Book for Biologist” at Namakkal on 12th July 2018 ICAR-IIMR has organized National Workshop on “Digital Field Book for Biologist” at Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu on 12th July 2018. The workshop was benefitted by Government and Private Colleges in Namakkal, Dharmapuri and Krishnagiri districts in Tamil Nadu. There were 170 participants includes, Assistant/Associate Professors, Research Scholars, Under Graduate students participated in the workshop. Hands on training was given them in addition to the lecture. Er E Selvakumar, Scientist F, National Informatics Centre, Collectorate, Namakkal also delivered a lecture on “Digital India”. Earlier the workshop was inaugurated by Dr A Leela Glory Bai, Former Principal, AAGA College and Presided by Mrs K Vasanthamani, Principal, AAGA College. The workshop was also attended by Dr M Vijayarajan and M Rajeswari. The National Workshop was coordinated by Drs M Elangovan, M Rajasekara Pandian, N Nagaratinam and EG Wesely. 11.4: National Workshop on “Digital Field Book” at ICAR-IISR-Indore on 21st July 2018 ICAR-IIMR-Hyderabad organized National Workshop on Digital Field Book at ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research (IISR), Indore on 21st July, 2018. The workshop was designed with concept, lecture and hands on training of field book.



There were 41 participants which include Scientific and Technical Staff of ICAR-IISR, IARI-RS-Wheat, Agricultural College, RVSKVV, Indore. The practical hands on sessions were conducted with Soybean and Wheat experimental field and trait data. The workshop was inaugurated by Dr Bhatia, Director, ICAR-IISR in the presence of Dr Sai Prasad, Head IARI-RS-Wheat. The workshop was coordinated by Drs M Elangovan, Sanjay Gupta and Vangala Rajesh. 11.5: National Workshop on “Digital Field Book” at ICAR-IIMR-CRS-Solapur on 10th August 2018 One-day National Workshop on Digital Field Book was organized at ICAR-IIMR-Centre for Rabi Sorghum-Solapur on 10th August 2018. There were 40 participants participated in the workshop from CRS-Solapur, NRC on Pomegranate, Solapur, DBF Dayanand College of Arts and Science, Solapur and Walchand College of Arts and Science, Solapur. Lecture on Digital Field Book was delivered in the morning session followed by hands-on practical sessions for the participants. Specific problems were addressed for the Pomegranate germplasm characterization, use of digital field book to collect data of biotechnology experiments, developing model for botanical survey of Fabaceae family and concept of using digital field book for digital herbarium. Drs M Elangovan, Parashuram Patroti, MY Samdur and KK Sharama were the coordinators for the workshop. 11.6: National Workshop on “Digital Field Book for Biologist” at Dharmapuri on 24th August 2018 One-day National level workshop on Digital Field Book for Biologist was organized at Government Arts College, Dharmapuri. There were 247 participants from 14 colleges in Dharmapuri, Krishnagiri, Salem and Thiruvannamalai districts in Tamil Nadu apart from few participants from Karnataka participated. Lecture on Digital Field Book for Biologist was delivered in the morning session followed by hands-on practical sessions for the participants. Specific problems were addresses for using digital field book especially digital herbarium during the botanical excursion. Drs M Elangovan and G Prabhakaran were the coordinators of the workshop. 11.7: National Workshop on “Digital Field Book” at ICAR-IIHR-Bengaluru on 25th August 2018 One-day National Workshop on Digital Field Book was organized at ICAR-IIHR-Bengaluru on 25th August 2018. Dr. PE Rajasekharan introduced the topic and speaker Director ICAR-IIHR Dr MR Dinesh graced the occasion. There were 40 scientists participated in the workshop. In the morning session, lecture on digital field book including its features and potential in the area of collecting field and lab related experiments in the horticultural crops. The Director, ICAR-IIHR, Project Coordinator (Horticultural Crops) and other Heads of the Divisions were interacted with Dr M Elangovan on the use of digital field book and suggested the new features for the up gradation of the app. The afternoon session was on hands on practical session with Mango as an example. The customized trait files related to Brinjal, Chillies, Tomato, Pomegranate and Okra were given to the participants as a ready to use file for data collection. Drs M Elangovan and PE Rajashekaran were the coordinators for the workshop. 11.8: National Workshop on “Digital Field Book” at ICAR-DOGR-Pune on 30th September 2018 ICAR-IIMR-Hyderabad organized National Workshop on Digital Field Book at ICAR-DOGR-Pune. The workshop was inaugurated by Dr PS Naik, Former Director, ICAR-IVRI-Varanasi under the chairmanship of Dr Major Singh, Director, ICAR-DOGR-Pune in presence of Dr Vijay Mahajan, Principal Scientist (Horticulture). The participants were from ICAR-DOGR-Pune (42), ARI-Pune (4), ICAR-DFR–Pune (2), ICAR-IARI-RS-Pune (1), ICAR-NIASM-Baramati (2), ICAR-NRCG-Pune (2), BVG-Pune (1) and Others (2). The lecture on Digital Field Book was delivered in the morning session followed by hands-on practical sessions for the participants. Specific problems were addressed using digital field book for Onion, Garlic, Papaya, Tuberose and feedback on the workshop. The trait files of Onion, Garlic, Grapes, Chrysanthemum, Marigold, China aster, Tuberose, Cotton (Diploid), Cotton (Tetraploid) were developed for the trainees and distributed to them. The feedback survey exercise collected by a participant resulted that 70% of the participant rated the Digital Field Book workshop VERY USEFUL. The workshop was coordinated by Dr M Elangovan and Ashwini Benke. 11.9: National Workshop on “Digital Field Book” at NAU-Navsari on 29th October 2018 ICAR-IIMR-Hyderabad organized National Workshop on Digital Field Book at NAU-Navsari on 29th October 2018. There were 300 participants from Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari and 5 Agricultural colleges under NAU. The workshop was inaugurated by Dr CJ Dangaria, Honorable Vice Chancellor of NAU in presence of Dr SR Chaudhary, Director of Research, NAU and other dignitaries. The lecture on Digital Field Book was delivered in the morning session followed by hands-on practical sessions for the participants. Specific problems were addressed using digital field book for Rice. In the afternoon, lecture on Introduction to Apps, Top 10 Agricultural Apps in India and Apps in ICAR. The programme was organized by ICAR-IIMR-Hyderabad and AICRP on Sorghum centre Surat at NAU-Surat. The programme was coordinated by Drs M Elangovan, BK Davda and VD Pathak. 11.10: National Workshop on “Digital Field Book” at CCSHAU-Hisar on 10th December 2018 National Workshop on Digital Field Book, Organized by Choudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University (CCSHAU), Hisar and ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research (IIMR), Hyderabad on 10th December 2018. The coordinators were Drs M Elangovan, Phogat and Pummy Kumari. There were 80 participants of newly inducted scientists of



CCSHAU and scientists and research scholars from other departments. Lecture on Digital Field Book was delivered followed by hands on training with suitable problem solving examples from rice other crops. 11.11: Training cum Demo on Digital Field Book at Akshay Seeds Pvt Ltd-Aurangabad on 18th January 2019 ICAR-IIMR-Hyderabad organized training cum demonstration on Digital Field Book at Akshay Seeds Pvt Ltd under the consultancy programme. The training module included lecture followed by hand-on training on digital field book. Field book and Trait files were created for Bitter guard and Bottle guard during the demonstration. There were 15 participants of Breeders, Managers and Technical officers of the company. Participants expressed their satisfaction and understand the importance of using app to collect digital data in the field and lab. We generated the revenue of Rs 30000/- as fee for consultancy services. 11.12: National Workshop on “Digital Field Book” at ICAR-IIOR-Hyderabad on 19th January 2019 ICAR-IIMR organized National Workshop on Digital Field Book at ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research (IIOR), Hyderabad to create awareness on mobile data collection using the Digital Field Book on 19th January 2019. There were 56 participants attended the workshop. Lecture on Digital Field Book, Hands on demonstration with examples from Sunflower was given to the participants. Trait files of Sunflower, Safflower, Castor, Sesame and Rapeseed were made and given to them as a ready to use for data collection in the field. The programme was inaugurated by Dr Ranganatha, Project Coordinator (Rapeseed) and coordinated by Drs M Elangovan and Chunduri Sarada. 11.13: Training workshop on “Application of Digital Field Book in Agri. Research” at Agri. College-Vijayapur on 8th February 2019 The Training Workshop on “Application of Digital Field Book in Agricultural Research” has been organised by the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding on 8th February, 2019 under ICAR-SAU Grants at Conference Hall, Agriculture College, Vijayapur. During the Inaugural Session Dr B N Motagi, Incharge HOD, GPB Department welcomed the gatherings; Dr. I S Katageri, Associate Director of Research (ADR) and Dr. S B Kalghatgi, Associate Director of Extension (ADE) were the Chief Guests. The program was presided by Dr. V S Kulkarni, Dean, AC, Vijayapur. The Training Session has covered in detail on the aspects of Digital India-Power to Empower, Evolution and use of multimedia, mobile Apps, Various features of Digital Field Book viz., creation of field and trait files for different crops and disciplines, recording of plot data, experimental audio and photos, geo-tagging of pictures, data export and sharing etc. The workshop was participated by a total of 124 members comprising of Post Graduate students, Research Scholars, Scientific, Technical and Para-technical staff of Agriculture College (AC), Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS) and Krishi Vidnyan Kendra (KVK), Vijayapur. The training was concluded with the feedback from the selected participants followed by distribution of certificates to the participants. 11.14: National Workshop on “Plant Variety Protection in Small Millets” during 15-16th February 2019 ICAR-IIMR-Hyderabad has organized National Workshop on “Plant Variety Protection in Small Millets” during 15-16th February 2019 to give hands on training on form filling, licensing agreement, fee structures etc., under the prevailing plant variety registration and commercialization procedures. There were 11 participants from 7 AICRP on Small millet centres participated the workshop. During the workshop, 7 applications of small millet varieties were prepared and it is proposed to submit 20 applications for protection with the PPV&FRA by the participants on or before 30th April 2019. Dr Vilas A Tonapi, Director, IIMR and Project Coordinator – AICRP 0n SM in his valedictory remarks emphasized to strengthen the registration of small millet variety protection with PPV&FRA and these procedures need to be included in the UG and practical knowledge in PG programmes. The workshop was sponsored by the Society for Millets Research at ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research (IIMR), Hyderabad. Dr M Elangovan was the Course Director and K Hariprasanna, B Amasiddha and KN Ganapathy were the Course Coordinators, Smt A Annpurna, Dr Rajendragoud, Mr Ravi Kiran, Mr Nikhileshwar were the other active helping hands of the workshop. 11.15: Guest/Special Lectures delivered on Digital Field Book during 2018-19 During 2018-19, we have delivered 14 lectures exclusive on Digital Field Book and trained 607 Scientists/Asst./Asso. Professors/Research Scholars/PG Students/Technical/Administrative staffs/Skilled Assistants etc. 12. Revenue generation

1. Rs. 1.05 lakhs as registration fee from the participants during the Pearl millet germplasm field day and National Workshop on Pearl millet Genetic Resources Management at ICAR-IIMR-Hyderabad during 9-10th

2. Rs 0.30 lakhs as Consultancy fee from the Akshay Seeds Pvt Ltd., Aurangabad, Maharashtra towards organizing the training cum demonstration of Digital Field Book on 18

May 2018

th

3. Rs. 0.48 lakhs as registration fee from the participants during the Sorghum germplasm field day at ICAR-IIMR-Hyderabad during 30

January 2019.

th

4. Rs. 0.33 lakhs as registration fee from the participants during the National Workshop on Plant Variety Protection at ICAR-IIMR-Hyderabad during 15-16

January 2019

th February 2019



13. Publication: • 3 national journal paper, 2 abstracts in the conferences, 2 full paper in conference proceedings, 2 book chapters, 7

books/technical bulletins, 2 compilations / documentation, 4 germplasm exploration reports, and 4 recognitions. • 14 National workshops, 2 meetings and 3 germplasm field days organized, 9 workshops/meetings/conferences

participated, 36 lectures delivered

2. Forage sorghum (B Venkatesh Bhat) Introduction: During 2018-19 four multi-location trials, two on single-cut forages, one on multi-cut forages and one advanced seed yield trial were carried out across 15 locations, comprising of two zones (zone I- 7 locations in North India; zone II- 8 locations in rest of India). The most important findings of forage breeding trials for the year are mentioned below.

A. Multi-location trials Trial 1: Advanced Varietal and Hybrid trial (Single-cut) • Nine single cut genotypes comprising of 2 hybrids and 2 varieties along with 3 varietal checks (CSV 21F, CSV 30F and

CSV 32F) and one hybrid check (CSH 13) and one local check were evaluated at 15 locations during kharif 2018. All test entries were within safe limits of HCN (<200ppm). CSV 21F was the best varietal check.

• Among the entries in second year of advanced testing, none of the varieties showed significant improvement over the best check CSV 21F.

• Among the hybrids in first year of testing, SPH 1891 was the most promising with 24.4% increase in green fodder yield (496.6q/ha) and 19.3% increase in dry fodder yield (120.5 q/ha) over CSH 13. There were no varieties in the first year of advanced testing.

Trial 2: Initial Varietal and Hybrid trial (Single-cut) • Twenty-three single-cut genotypes comprising of 3 hybrids and 15 varieties along with 3 varietal checks (CSV 21F, CSV

30F and CSV 32F) and one hybrid check (CSH 13) and one local check were evaluated across 13 locations during kharif 2018.

• There were 18 trial entries consisting of 3 hybrids with CSH 13 as check and 15 varieties with CSV 21F, CSV 30F and CSV 32F as checks. All test entries were within safe limits of HCN (<200ppm). CSV 21F was the best varietal check.

• As seen from the summary of entries qualifying the promotion criteria, all three test hybrids were superior to check by more than 5% for green/dry fodder yield at All India Level/Zones. Four test varieties each exhibited more than 5% for green/dry fodder yield at All India Level/Zones.

Trial 3: Initial and Advanced varietal and hybrid trial (Multi-cut) • There were 10 trial entries consisting of 8 hybrids with CSH 24MF as check and 2 varieties with CSV 33MF and SSG

59-3 as check. All test entries were within safe limits of HCN (<200ppm). CSV 33MF was the best varietal check. Of these, the hybrid entry SPH 1840 has completed 3 years of testing.

• Six of the seven test hybrids were superior to check by more than 5% for green/dry fodder yield at All India Level/Zones • Two test hybrids exhibited >10% superiority for crude protein content in Zone II and were on par with check for yield. • None of the varietal entries exceeded the checks for any of the criteria for promotion. Trial 4: Advanced seed yield trial • Five genotypes consisting of two single cut test varieties, and three single cut checks (CSV 21F. CSV 32F and CSV

30F) were evaluated for grain yield potential at five locations. • The single-cut varieties, SPV 2445 and SPV 2451 were found to be on par with check CSV 21F for grain yield, while

SPV 2451 was also on par with highest grain yielding check CSV 30F at all India level.

Overall conclusions • In AVHT (SC), in first year of testing, SPH 1891 was the most promising with 24.4% increase in green fodder yield

(496.6q/ha) and 19.3% increase in dry fodder yield (120.5 q/ha) over CSH 13. In the second year of testing, none of the exceeded the best check CSV 21F.

• Over three years the single-cut forage sorghum variety SPV 2445 was found to have superiority for green and dry fodder yields over the best check, CSV 30F. Its fodder quality in terms of protein yield and digestibility were on par with the checks.

• In IVHT (SC), three test hybrids (SPH 1917, SPH 1918, SPH 1919) were superior to check by more than 5% for green/dry fodder yield at All India Level/Zones. Four test varieties (SPV 2589, SPV 2581, SPV 2584, SPV 2591) each exhibited more than 5% for green/dry fodder yield at All India Level/Zones.

• The hybrid, SPH 1919 was in the first rank in this trial with significant improvement over the hybrid check for both green and dry fodder yield.



• In IAVHT (MC), the hybrid SPH 1881 ranked first for green fodder yield and second for dry fodder yield among test entries at National level with significant increase over the hybrid check, CSH 24 MF.

• The multi-cut hybrid entry SPH 1907, recorded significant improvement over the check, CSH 24MF, followed by other hybrids SPH 1881, SPH 1879, SPH 1905 and SPH 1904 for dry fodder yield across three cuts. They also recorded competitive forage quality in terms of protein content and digestibility.

• Over three years, the hybrid SPH 1840 has shown superiority for green and dry fodder yield, and protein content in comparison to the check, CSH 24MF.

• The single-cut varieties SPV 2445 and SPV 2451 were on par with checks for seed production ability across locations.

Shortfalls • Uniformity in recording traits such as stem girth need to be observed by all the centres, as per the SOP. • Plant population per plot and days to flowering for single cut trials was not given by some centres. • Recommended plot size should be adopted

Follow-up for Kharif 2019 • Promising genotypes from initial trials of both single-cut and multi-cut types will be evaluated in the advanced trials

during kharif 2019.

3. Breeding – Grain sorghum (C Aruna) Towards improvement of grain sorghum, both basic and applied research aspects were undertaken at ICAR-IIMR and All India Coordinated Sorghum Improvement Project (AICSIP) centers during 2018. Multi-location yield trials with the newly developed varieties and hybrids from the centers of AICSIP and private companies were carried out as part of applied research. Basic and strategic research focused on development of new MS and R lines, breeding for earliness, breeding for colored sorghums, drought tolerance, resistance against key insects and diseases etc. Biotechnological tools as well as conventional breeding methodologies were employed towards this direction. Initiatives on inter-institutional hybrid development and testing involving various centers were also taken up. Multi-location AICSIP trials Advanced Hybrid Trial: In this trial 6 hybrids and 4 checks were evaluated across 9, 9 and 6 locations in Zone I, Zone II and Zone III, respectively. Data were reported from 8 locations in Zone I, 7 locations in Zone II and 5 locations in Zone III. Of the hybrids tested, two were in the second year of advanced testing and 4 were in the first year of advanced testing. Zone I: In Zone I, the early maturing hybrid, SPH 1888 performed well for grain yield (5089 kg/ha) and fodder yield (125 q/ha) with 16% and 13% improvement over the early check, CSH 30. Zone II: Only one hybrid, SPH 1849 (4556 kg/ha) yielded on par with the best check, CSH 25 (4503 kg/ha) in terms of grain production. Zone III: CSH 25 was the best hybrid for both grain yield (4153 kg/ha) and fodder yield (165.5 q/ha) in this zone and none of the test hybrids could out yield it. All India: At national level, none of the hybrids could out yield the best check, CSH 25 for grain (4543 kg/ha) and fodder yields (142.3 q/ha). Two hybrids, SPH 1846 and SPH 1849 have completed three years of testing in AICRP on sorghum trials. The compiled data over three years indicates that these hybrids performed well over CSH 30 but not over CSH 25 for grain and fodder yields in both the zones. Advanced Variety Trial: In this trial ten varieties along with 5 checks were evaluated across 7, 8 and 6 locations in Zone I, Zone II and Zone III, respectively. Of the varieties tested, five genotypes are in second year of AVT. Zone I: In Zone I, for grain yield three varieties SPV 2423 (4749 kg/ha), SPV 2437 (4682 kg/ha) and SPV 2510 (4668 kg/ha) have performed slightly better than the best check, CSV 27 (4595 kg/ha). The varieties, SPV 2433 (4595 kg/ha), SPV 2510 (4668 kg/ha) were early with less than 65 days to flower. Zone II: In Zone II, two varieties SPV 2433 (3611 kg/ha) and SPV 2504 (3591 kg/ha) could out yield best check, CSV 20 (3324 kg/ha) in terms of grain yield with a margin of 8%. Zone III: In Zone III, only one variety, SPV 2296 (3348 kg/ha) was marginally superior to the best check, CSV 20 (3310 kg/ha). All India: At all India level, SPV 2433 (3742 kg/ha) and SPV 2510 (3709 kg/ha) recorded marginally better grain yields compared with the best check, CSV 20 (3644 kg/ha). Five varieties, SPV 2296, SPV 2423, 2433, 2437 and 2438 have completed three years of testing in AICRP- sorghum trials. The compiled data over three years (Table 2E) indicates that SPV 2437 has done well in Zone I, while SPV 2423 performed well in Zone II.



Initial Hybrid Trial: In this trial nine test hybrids along with five checks were evaluated in RCBD for grain yield, fodder yield and other agronomic traits across 15 locations, six in Zone I, five in zone II and four in Zone III. Zone I: Two early hybrids, SPH 1914 (5177 kg/ha) and SPH 1915 (4894) were found superior to the early check, CSH 30 (4476 kg/ha) for grain yield with about 10% grain yield advantage. Zone II: In Zone II though none of the test hybrids out yielded the best check by over 10%, SPH 1912 (4520 kg/ha) had 5% improvement in grain yield over CSH 25 (4300 kg/ha). Zone III: In this zone, only one hybrid, SPH 1908 (5110 kg/ha) has recorded marginal improvement for grain yield over the best check, CSH 25 (5013 kg/ha) All India: At All India level, none of the test hybrids could yield better than CSH 25 for both grain (5053 kg/ha) and fodder (132 q/ha) yields Initial Varietal Trial: In this trial 15 test varieties and 5 checks were evaluated in RCBD for grain yield, fodder yield and other agronomic traits across 15 locations, six in Zone I, five in zone II and four in Zone III. Zone I: Two varieties, SPV 2569 (4642 kg/ha) and SPV 2573 (4640 kg/ha) recorded >5% yield improvement over the best check, CSV 27(4350 kg/ha). Zone II : Two medium maturing varieties, SPV 2570 (3687 kg/ha) and SPV 2571 (3669 kg/ha) recorded >10% grain yield superiority over the best check, CSV 20 (3317 kg/ha). Zone III: Two varieties, SPV 2566 (3724 kg/ha) and SPV 2567 (3724 kg/ha) were found promising with yields better than the check, CSV 31 (3287 kg/ha) in this zone. All India: One medium maturing variety, SPV 2570 (3773 kg/ha) recorded 5% grain yield superiority over the best check, CSV 31 (3608 kg/ha).

Coordinated sorghum breeding research • During 2018, three inter-institutional experiments, one initial early hybrid trial (IEHT), one specialty sorghum trial and a

grain mold trial were conducted. • In IEHT, 11 test hybrids contributed by Dharwad, Akola, IIMR, Parbhani and Hytech were evaluated along with two

early hybrid checks, CSH 14 and CSH 30 in RCBD for grain yield, fodder yield and other agronomic traits across four locations, Dharwad, Akola, Hyderabad and Parbhani. Two hybrids, SPH 1921 (4212 kg/ha) and SPH 1923 (4033 kg/ha) could out yield CSH 14 (3625 kg/ha) in grain production to the tune of more than 10% yield improvement.

• A trial on specialty sorghums is initiated under AICRP-sorghum to fast track the release of sorghum genotypes with special traits. During kharif 2018, a specialty sorghum trial with 27 genotypes including one colored sorghum check, Paiyr 2, two white sorghum checks, CSV 20 and CSV 17 was organized across four locations, i.e. Palem, Akola, Parbhani, Hagari and Dharwad. The material consists of nine red grained genotypes, nine yellow genotypes, one genotype for popping, one for flaking, two for hurda making and one scented sorghum. one red grain entry, SPV 4621 recorded 12% improvement in grain yield over Paiyur 2 and 4% over CSV 20.

• A trial was taken up on grain mold resistance among the population breeding derivatives at four centres with 33 genotypes that were found promising during kharif 17. Out of 33, 10 genotypes were found to have PGS and TGS less than 3.5 score. Panicle shape ranges from loose to semi-compact and the glume color also varies. Of these, GM pop GM 4-18, GM8-18 and GM 33-18 are onpar with resistant check for grain mold score.

Kharif sorghum breeding at IIMR The kharif sorghum improvement program at IIMR continues to give emphasis on diversification of genetic base to break the yield plateau, development of parental lines with high combining ability and hybrids with high heterosis, development of high yielding varieties and hybrids with good grain quality suitable for different end uses. Emphasis is also given on breeding for important biotic stresses such as grain molds, shoot fly, stem borer etc. Both conventional and advanced breeding tools are employed to deal with these problems.

In the project on development of kharif sorghum genotypes suitable for different seasons, thirty two genotypes involving released hybrids, their parents and released varieties were evaluated during kharif, rabi and summer and the genotypes, CSH 30, CSH 23, 415B and 279B were found to be stable for maturity across the seasons. While CSH 27, CSH 16, CB33 and RS 29 were stable for grain yield. About 850 F3 families of the crosses between elite and photosensitive guinea sorghum germplasm were planted. Most of the guinea and interraces with guinea germplasm used here belonged to Sudan, Zambia, Malawi, Tanzania and Nigeria. About 300 selections were made from these and were advanced. Twelve experimental hybrids out of 125 evaluated were found promising with more than 10% improvement in grain yield. B line and R line trials with 35 and 60 entries was conducted in RCBD. 400 pairs of A and B lines were advanced. In the varietal trial, 47 advance breeding lines were evaluated with two varietal checks (CSV 20 and CSV 27) and C 43. The grain yield ranged from 1394 to 5038 kg/ha with a mean of 3161 kg/ha. Advance breeding lines IIMR 1791, 1758, 1785, 1800, 1768 and 1799 out yielded the best check CSV 20 (3794 kg/ha) by 3 to 33%Among kharif genotypes, the hybrids, CSH 23, CSH 27 and CSH 30; the variety CSV 17 and the parental lines 415B, AKMS 14B, 279B and CB 33 were early maturing in all the three



seasons. For grain yield, CSH 13, CSH 14, CSH 16, CSH 27, CSV 15, CSV 23 and RS 29 were more or less consistent across seasons as indicated by their mean values, βi and S²Di values. To promote colored sorghum improvement for feed industry and export purpose, breeding was initiated to develop high yielding colored sorghum lines. The project developed stable lines in different grain color background.

ICAR Consortia Research Platform on Biofortification in selected crops for nutritional security: Among 250 genotypes evaluated, mean grain iron ranged from 32.6 ppm (cultivars and germplasm) to 34.3 ppm (parental and breeding lines) while mean grain zinc ranged from 22.1 ppm (cultivars) to 24.6 ppm (germplasm). Highly significant correlation (r=0.55-0.92) between iron and zinc content indicates possibility of simultaneous improvement for both micronutrients. Among the farmers’ varieties, the grain iron ranged from 23.6 ppm to 39.3 ppm while grain zinc had a range of 18.8 to 38.5 ppm. About 35 new crosses have been effected using elite parents (C43, Palamuru Jonna, CSV 20, CSV 29R and P. Vasudha) and donor sources (ICSV 15013, ICSR 14001, IS 12750, IS 27054, IS 21645, IS 28747 and IS 30383). For the development of RILs for polyphenols and phytate that affect the bioavailability of iron and zinc, two crosses (SPV 1758 × EA 10, IS 8525 × POP 52) have been made with contrasting parents. An association mapping panel consisting of 250 genotypes comprising cultivars, parental lines and selected germplasm accessions representing substantial genetic diversity was constituted for GWAS and field evaluated for identifying marker-trait association for grain iron and zinc.

Improvement of sweet and high biomass sorghums for biofuel and forage production: During kharif 2018, 30 sweet sorghum varieties including the checks CSV 19SS, SSV74 and CSV 24SS were evaluated in a replicated trial to identify promising varieties with high stalk and sugar yields. [(SSV F7-2)-6-1-3]-1-1-1-1-1 recorded the highest fresh stalk yield of 55 t/ha and was 33% superior to the best check CSV 24SS (41 t/ha), while the next best varieties with higher fresh stalk yield were {[(CSV 15 X IS 21891)-6-1-1 X Atlas]-3-2}-1-2-1-3 and [(SSV F7-2)-6-1-3]-1-1-2-1-1-1 which with a fresh stalk yield of around 49 t/ha were > 15% superior to CSV 24SS, [(SSV F7-2)-6-1-3]-1-1-1-1-1 was also promising for juice yield (>18000 L/ha) and computed ethanol yields ( 1444 L/ha) and was superior to the check CSV 24SS (997 L/ha) by 44%, [(SSV F7-2)-6-1-4]-1-1-1-1 was the next best variety promising for computed ethanol yields (1168 L/ha) and [(SSV F7-2)-6-1-3]-1-1-1-1-1 was promising for stalk traits, brix content and an ethanol yield. 23 hybrids including check ICSSH28 were also evaluated for productivity traits. 11 bmr sorghum derivatives which were produced utilizing the elite lines and brown midrib sources were evaluated for their utility as second-generation biofuel feed stocks in a replicated trial.

Kharif sorghum breeding at AICSIP centers Akola: During kharif 2018-19, in grain breeding programme,in restorer development programme 100 selections under F3 generation, 67 individual plant selections under F4 generation, 29 individual plant selections under F5 generation were made. Similarly in eight RxR crosses under F4 generation, 32 selections were made. Similarly 30 selections under F9 generation and 44 selections under F6 generation were made. In B line development programme, 10 selections under F10 generation and 10individual plant selections under F12 generation were made. Under MS line development programme, total 30 BC pairs were made. In grain mold resistance breeding programme, under R line development programme, among the 150 derivatives of the population breeding received from the Project, total 457 selections were made. Among 8 crosses in F12 generation, total 17 individual plant selections were made. In B line development programme, among the 6 F3 double crosses received form the Project, total 23 selections were made. In MS line development programme, total 30 BC pairs were made. In shoot fly resistance breeding programme, under R line development programme, total 109 individual plant selections were made among the 12 crossed in F4 generation. In MS line development programme, total 26 BC pairs were made. Under drought tolerance breeding programme, total 6 selections were made. Under the programme of enrichment of sorghum for micronutrients (zinc and iron), among the 16 F4 (R x R) crosses, total 169 individual plant selections were made. Total five station hybrid/varietal trials a seven AICSIP trials were conducted successfully. Besides this twelve trials received from ICRISAT under Harvest plus Project was also conducted successfully. Five NAAS rated papers were published. Ten popular articles were also published. During kharif 2018, the maintenance of A, B, R lines, experimental hybridization programme and varietal selection programme was carried out.

. Chamarajanagar: 25 local Germplasm were collected in different villages of Gundlupet and Chamaraj nagara Taluk. One hundred and twenty-three Germplasm received from BARC- Mumbai. Multiplication and evaluation for different yield Attributing traits is in progress. Fifty-four single plant selections were made from the three different double crosses for different yield traits and advance to next generation

Coimbatore Grain sorghum breeding program: During Summer’ 2018 a total of 200 germplasm accessions were characterized based on DUS traits and 180 germplasm accessions were deposited in Ramaiah gene bank. Along with that 16 new accessions also deposited. Germplasms were subjected to screening for drought tolerance on the basis of root traits. The genotypes viz., SOR 1891, M 472, SO3 256 and KO5 75 identified as superior genotypes for drought tolerance. The promising cultures TNS 648 is Second year ART and TNS 661 is in first year ART. Three cultures are in MLT. TNS 667 was found to pe promising with grain yield of 3413 kg/ha with increase of 28 and 33 % over Co 30 and K12. It also recorded fodder yield of 8214 kg/ha



with 25 % yield increase over CO 30 and 11 % over K12. Six cultures were tested. Two cultures viz., TNS 676 and TNS 677 were found to be promising by recording grain yield of 3487 and 3509 kg/ha with fodder yield of 8086 and 8371 kg ha. The increased yield recorded was more than 10 than the check CO 30 and K2 for both grain and fodder yield. Among 12 cultures tested in NRRYT, the highest grain yield of 3864 kg/ha was noted in (TNS 630 x TNS 636-2-3-1-3-1) followed by TNS 630 x TNS 634-3-2-2-3-1 with grain yield of 3864 kg/ha with increased yield of 33.8 and 9 % respectively over check C0 30. For fodder yield the highet yield was noted in TNS 627 x TNS 640-2-3-2-3-2 (9916 kg/ha). Out of 103 germplasm screened for shoot fly, 22 lines were found to be free from shoot fly. Under disease screening, TNS 648 showed less incidence for grain mould and downy mildew. Under breeder seed programme 200 kg of CO 30 seeds were produced and supplied during 2018-19 and for supply (125) during the year 2019-20, crop has been raised and it is in vegetative stage.

Forage sorghum breeding program: In R line development programme, three F1crosses evaluated for forage traits and all the lines were selfed. In the F2 segregating generation totally 12 crosses evaluated and 56 families selected for forage traits. In F5 totally 12 crosses evaluated and superior progenies were forwarded to yield trials. UVT I Forage sorghum: A total of nine cultures were tested and none of them were found to be superior than check. UVT 2 Forage and Sweet sorghum: A total of eight entries were tested and TNFS 215, TNFS 216, TNFS 217 and TNFS 218 observed for more than 10 per cent green fodder yield superiority over check CO 27. RRYT: Thirty entries tested and green fodder heterosis ranged between 2-23%. A total of 31 emasculation crosses were made. Breeder seed: A quantity of 100 kg of CSV 33 MF has been produced. In AICSIP programme, Forage sorghum (4) and sweet sorghum trials were successfully conducted and data sheet submitted.

Deesa: Under Sorghum evaluation programme, two station trials, four state (Multi location) trials as well as eight coordinated trials of dual, grain, forage and sweet sorghum were taken during 2018-19. Under breeding programme total 20 crosses of dual and forage sorghum were attempted and 17 crosses made successfully, while, hybrid development program 28 new crosses (CMS based) were generated. Under the generation advancement 1026 Single plant progenies of dual and fodder sorghum were evaluated under different stages from F2 to F8 and 400 were advanced on the basis of single cut fodder type, dual type, good plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf canopy, ear head, shoot fly and stem borer resistance, stem thickness, puffy and non puffy type and other parameters. Two hundred eighteen accessions of sorghum maintained at the centre. Deesa produced breeder and truthful seed of different crop varieties by the centre. Under state level LSVT/SSVT programme, entries SR-2980, SR-3012, SR-3019, DS-172, DS-157, DS-137, DS-156, DS-171 and DS-159 were found promising based on grain and dry fodder yield. In case of forage sorghum (SC) trials promising entries were SRF-353, SRF-332, SRF-382, DSF-153 and DSF-168. Under the coordinated evaluation programme, eight trials were conducted at the station. Under the dual/grain sorghum, evaluated 35 entries and 24 hybrids in four different trials viz., initial varietal trial, initial hybrid trial, advance varietal trial and advance hybrid trial. Under the fodder sorghum total 46 entries were evaluated by three trials viz., initial & advance varietal & hybrid trial (Multi cut), initial varietal and hybrid trial (single cut) and advance varietal and hybrid trial (single cut). Other than dual, grain and fodder sorghum a trial of high biomass sorghum with 11 entries were evaluated.

Dharwad: The major objectives of Kharif sorghum improvement are to develop improved varieties and hybrids with higher productivity coupled with tolerance to biotic stress like, grain mold and shoot fly pests. Six AICRP trials viz., IVT (GS), IHT (GS), AVT (GS), AHT (GS), IEHT and ISSVT were conducted during kharif 2018. Ten entries comprising of five hybrids and five varieties from Dharwad centre were tested in AICRP trials. Genotype, SPV-2366 has been identified by VIC during 2017 and submitted for notification.

Hagari: Agriculture research station Hagari is situated in Karnataka, it is now belong to Hyderabad Karnataka region. It belongs to university of Agriculture Sciences, Raichur. Receive an annual rainfall of 515.30 mm. During kharif season 2018 conducted IAVHT SS, Multicut Fodder, Specialty Sorghum, IVT, IHT, AVT and AHT trials. Rabi Sorghum improvement was carried out with the objective of development of superior varieties for grain and fodder, early grain type, bold seed type, charcoal rot resistance, shoofly resistance through glossiness and trichome QTL introgression, post flowering drought resistance, high TE- low response to VPD and high water extraction capacity lines. Also mutation breeding carried out to develop non lodging sorghum lines. Mutation breeding material developed in collaboration with BRNS was sown at ARS Hagari for evaluation. Station trials were carried out at ARS, Hagari and found HS-4, HS-5, HS-7, HS-10, , HS-12, HS-11, HS-20, HS-18 and HS-21 found promising compare to M-35-1. Same entries screened for charcoal rot resistance under pathology trial. MLVT rabi trial was conducted and found 1002, 1005, 1009 1011 and 1019 was found superior to existing checks GS-23, SPV-2217 and BJV-44. Mutation breeding work carried out in sorghum for specific trait improvement.

Hisar: During kharif 2018, four AICRP breeding trials including IAVHT-MC, IVHT-SC, AVHT-SC, seed trial, nine entomology trials (including sweet sorghum trial, multicut trial, single cut trial, SPN-Kh 2018 and HBM trial), two pathology and three agronomy trials were conducted successfully. Among station breeding trials, 60 MS based hybrids were evaluated for fodder yield and quality. In six breeding station trials, 37 genotypes were tested along with checks and among them some promising genotypes were selected. Quality analysis for HCN, IVDMD% and CP% was carried out for all agronomical and



breeding trials. A total of 116 genotypes were tested in various entomological trials for key pest resistance (shoot fly and stem borer). HJ 541 (Haryana State release variety, 2014) proposal for new variety denomination is submitted to PPVFRA, New Delhi and is under progress for registration. During this period, one day workshop on digital field book was organized by Forage Section, one radio talk was delivered on green fodder production round the year, six research papers have been published and four papers are presented in national and international conferences/seminars/symposiums.

Indore: During Kharif 2018-19 Five AICSIP trials, two station varietal trails, Three Station hybrid trails, One pop sorghum evaluation trial, one restorers evaluation trial and one germplasm evaluation trial were conducted. in SVTs, four genotypes i.e. IV 19-1, IV 19-2, IV 19-3 and IV 19-4 found promising for dual purpose & high biomass production. In Station hybrid trials, total 147 experimental hybrids were evaluated for grain yield and promising are IMS 15 A x I44, 44-2-4-3-13A x 7-1-2-5, 44-2-4-3-13A X I44, 9-2-1-2-2-A x I 26, IMS 9A X I 50 etc. Thirty-six crosses (MS x germplasm) were evaluated for identification of new sources For B and R. forty restorers were evaluated and I 40, I44, I51, I50, I 36, I45 and I 43 found promising. A new MS development programme was initiated with 5 crosses (B X B) and three MS lines and 65 pairs were made. Twenty-six pop sorghum germplasm were evaluated. In restorer development programe 138 selections were made from 13 crosses of different segregating populations. In B line development programme 19 selections made from 6 crosses (F4 & F5). In dual purpose varietal developmental programme total 265 selections were made from F2, F3 & F4 populations. Fifty-Two germplasm lines of sorghum and small millets were collected from Nimar region (Khargone, Khandwa, Badwani districts) of Madhya Pradesh during 23-25 July 2018.

Palem: R.A.R.S. Palem is AICSIP center working for the improvement of Kharif sorghum for developing high yielding cultivars, which resistance/tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses and improved production technologies of the crop. During Kharif, 2018 a total of 398 mm rainfall was received in 30 rainy days and distribution was not proper for crop growth. During the season, a severe and prolonged 3 dry spell were experienced at different stages of the crop growth i.e., (11.6.2018 to 6.7.2018 (26 days), 21.7.2018 to 10.8.2018 (21 days) and 28.8.2018 to 16.9.2018 (20 days). In Entomology trials, there was high shoot fly incidence and the susceptible checks recorded maximum range of 91 per cent shoot fly dead hearts and stem borer incidence was observed. The new pest ‘’fall army worm’’ damage was observed in AICRP trials as well as in farmer fields.

Pantnagar: Pantnagar centre of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology is the leading forage sorghum centre of the country with major mandate of developing high yielding single cut and multicut forage sorghum varieties and hybrids with improved nutritional quality. The centre is putting its noteworthy efforts in fulfilling the needs of green and dry fodder in the country. Till date Pantnagar has developed and released 12 single cut and multicut varieties, 2 multicut and 1 single cut hybrids viz. CSH 20 MF, CSH 24MF and CSH 40F. The hybrid CSH 24MF is in great demand with private seed companies and MOUs are in operation between IIMR, Hyderabad and many seed companies to produce large quantity of hybrid seed of CSH 24 MF under PPP mode. To address the problem of poor seed yielding ability of conventional CMS lines being used in single cross hybrid development of forage sorghum, work is also in progress to develop three way cross hybrids. Two three way cross hybrids viz. SPH 1891 (UTFSH 5- single cut) and SPH 1919 (UTFSH 7- single cut) were in first year of testing (IVT) and two hybrids viz. SPH 1881 (UTMCH 1391-multicut) were in AVT-I and SPH 1918 (UTFSH 6-single cut) was in IVT for testing in All India Coordinated trials during Kharif 2018. Four varieties UTMC 552, UTMC 554, UTFS 79 and UTFS 83 were also tested in AICRP Trial during Kharif 2018. A collection of 707 diverse germplasm ( 410 germplasm + 297 RIL) and 28 pairs of A/B lines were maintained and utilized under pre-breeding programme which also involved planting of 14 new crosses, 808 single plant progenies and 153 progeny bulks of 139 crosses of different generations from F2 to F7 onwards for rigorous evaluation and single plant / bulk selections through within and between progeny rows/progeny bulks selection for desirable fodder traits viz. multicut/tillering, single cut/dual purpose, sweetness/juiciness of stem, brown midrib traits, foliar disease resistant and earliness etc. A total of 1306 single plants selection from 149 single plant progenies and 109 progeny bulks belonging to 91 different crosses in various generations were selected. B line improvement programme for disease resistance, panicle size/ seed yielding ability, red seed colour and earliness is also in progress and 79 F4 single plant progenies of 10 B x B crosses were planted of which 184 single plant selections from 71 single plant progenies of 10 crosses were selected and advanced to F5 generation. Under R line/donor/varietal development programme, 6 multicut high tillering types as restorers, 4 sweet and juicy types, 10 disease resistant stay green types and 5 stable brown mid types, as donors were identified. Nine elite lines based on their performance in station trials were also identified for multi-location yield and quality evaluation trials.

Parbhani: At Sorghum Research Station, Parbhani total 10 AICSIP and 03 station trials in addition to these two Physiology and one State level trial were also successfully conducted during kharif 2018. Whereas, during rabi 2018-19, 05 AICSIP and 04 station trials are under evaluation. Two state level and two sorghum Physiology trials are also allotted to this research station and are under field evaluation. 14 kharif and 16 rabi entries developed by this research station were contributed and evaluated in different AICSIP and state level trials. Information regarding development, evaluation, selection and allied activities of breeding material is given as per the format under different headings.



Rahuri: The AICSIP MPKV, Rahuri is voluntary working on sweet sorghum during kharif season. Total 292.4 mm rainfall was received in 17 days as against average rainfall of 520 mm during 2018-19. During kharif season crop condition of sweet sorghum crop was satisfactory. The cane yield and brix % level in all the experiments was recorded satisfactorily. In general kharif season is favorable to sweet sorghum crop.

Surat: The effective rainfall 48 mm was received in 26th STW (4th week of June) and sowing of the AICSIP Kharif breeding trials was done in the fourth week of June. Just after germination of crop, total 771 mm heavy rainfall was received in 27th to 29th STW which resulted in plant die and adversely affect plant populations, then after there was a three weeks dry spell (30th to 32nd STW) was recorded. Effective rainfall for gape filling with transplanting was received in third week of July (34th STW) and gap filling with transplanting was carried out on 18-19th August and experiments were saved. During the crop growth period total 1173 mm rainfall were received in 41 rainy days. During kharif 2018, total nine project trials including four on grain, three on forage sorghum, each one on sweet sorghum and high biomass were successfully conducted at Surat, while two trials on grain sorghum at Mangrol were vitiated due to heavy rainfall just after germination. Two trials on rabi sorghum were successfully conducted at Tanchha during Rabi 2016-17. Total three trials of grain sorghum and three of forage sorghum were conducted at 11 locations during Kharif-2018. In grain sorghum genotypes SR-2980, SR-2985, SR-2957, SR-2872, DS-172, SR-3012, SR-3018, DS-156, DS-171, DS-159, SR-3013, SR-3018, SR-3012, SR-3014 and SR-3009 while in forage SRF-353, SRF-332, DFS-153, SRF-382, SRF-389, DFS-168, SRF-404, SRF-397 and SRF-400. During Rabi 2017-18 total two trials were successfully conducted, CRS-13, SR-2888, SR-2952, SR-2998, SPV-2279, SPV-2343, SR-2990, SR-2917, SR-2882 and SR-2992 were found promising.

Udaipur: Total rainfall received at the Udaipur center during the year till date 24th Sept was 499.20 mm with erratic pattern against average rainfall of Udaipur is 620 mm. the center received 20 % less rainfall than the average this year. The rainfall was not well distributed over the season. The total rainy days were 29 which are very less for the crop growth showing erratic monsoon pattern. The state received 6-8% less rainfall against the average rainfall of 530mm. The 20 district of the state received less rainfall below average of the state including Udaipur district. Usually monsoon recedes every year up to 30th September or upto first week of October but this year monsoon recedes early up to 24 September 2018. Crop growth in all experiment was satisfactory. Priority areas of research identified for the centre include development of early maturity high yielding grain (dual purpose) and fodder genotypes (single cut) with resistance to major insect pest and diseases for sorghum growing farmers of the country as whole. 1. Evaluation of Sorghum experimental varieties/hybrids for grain attributes (Grain and Dual Purpose): AVT, AHT, IVT, IHT and SVT ---- Multi location Experiments. 2. Hybridization and Evaluation of segregating generations- Grain and Dual Purpose: Station Programme (i) New Crosses attempted: 33; (ii) Evaluation of segregating population for grain sorghum in different filial generations: 3. Evaluation of Sorghum experimental varieties for forage attributes: IAVHT-MC, AVHT-SC, IVHT-SC and SFT. 4. Hybridization and Evaluation of segregating generations-Forage Sorghum Publications During 2018-19 on grain, forage and sweet sorghum improvement total 44 research papers, 36 conference presentations and abstracts, 44 popular and technical articles, and 3 folders were published. One book on “Breeding sorghum for diverse end uses” was also published with Woodhead Publishing (Elsevier).

4. Sweet sorghum (AV Umakanth) Trial 1: Evaluation of initial and advanced sweet sorghum varieties and hybrids (IASSVHT)-Kharif 2018 • Nineteen IASSVHT trial entries comprising 15 varieties, one hybrid along with three checks (CSV 24SS, CSV 19SS &

CSH 22 SS) were evaluated at 14 locations during Kharif 2018. o SPV 2462 and SPV 2595 (80 days) were early in flowering and had 5% significant superiority over CSV 19SS

for early flowering. • For total biomass and fresh stalk yields, SPV 2596 had a superiority of more than 15% over the checks. • With respect to brix content, the varieties viz., SPV No`s: 2528, 2530, 2531, 2595, 2596, 2597,2598, 2603 and 2604

recorded a superiority of 5% and more over CSV 19SS • For juice yield, the variety SPV 2602 with a juice yield of 19654 L/ha was 15% and 28% superior to CSV 19SS (17037

L/ha) and CSV 24SS (15351 L/ha) respectively. • SPV 2600 and SPV 2601 were promising for sugar yields and computed ethanol yields.

Trial 2: Evaluation of initial and advanced sweet sorghum varieties and hybrids (IASSVHT)-Rabi 2018-19 • The check CSV 19SS was the earliest to flower (66 days) • For total biomass and fresh stalk yields, the entries SPV 2599, SPV 2600 and SPV 2604 recorded higher yields • For juice brix, SPV 2528 recorded the highest brix of 14% and was significantly superior to both the checks CSV 19SS

(12.5%) and CSV 24SS (12.3%) by more than 10%.



• With respect to juice yields, the variety SPV 2600 recorded the highest juice yield of 4586 L/ha and was superior to the best check CSV 19SS (4292 L/ha) by 7%.

• For total sugar yields and computed ethanol yields, SPV 2528, SPV 2599, SPV 2600 , SPV 2601 and SPV 2604 were promising

Trial 3: Identification of high biomass sorghums for lignocellulosic biofuel traits-Kharif 2018 • SPH 1798 and SPV 2402 were promising for total fresh biomass and dry biomass yields.

5. Sorghum agronomy (S Ravi Kumar) • Single cut forage sorghum varieties SPV 2296 and SPV 2445 had flowered in 72 days and were similar to CSV 21F

which flowered in 73 days, while SPV 2316 flowered in 76 days. The longest days to 50% flowering was recorded in the check cultivar CSV 30F (80 days).

• The best performing cultivar was the test entry SPV 2445 which recorded a mean of 57 tons of green fodder per hectare. At Udaipur center, SPV 2445 yielded the highest green fodder (61 t ha-1) while at Hagari, it recorded the highest of 56 t ha

• SPH 1840 a multi cut forage hybrid performed better at both Ludhiana and Udaipur centers. But the check CSH 24MF performance at Hisar and Pantnagar was found to be superior. The mean across 4 centers indicates that the percent increase in total green fodder yield of SPH 1840 over CSH 24MF was to an extant of 4%.

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• In the location specific experiment of inducing 7 day stress prior to irrigation indicated an increase of 8 tons in total green fooder yield as compared to no stress at Udaipur centre. While at Coimbatore centre there were no significant difference in total green fodder yield among the two treatments.

• The forage sorghum responded upto 30 kg P application at Hisar and upto 15 kg application at Surat, while in case of potassium the response was observed upto 15 kg ‘K’ ha-1

• Relative performance of grain sorghum test hybrids was as follows SPH 1849 (4.3 tons ha at both the centres.

-1), SPH 1820 (3.9 tons ha-1) and SPH 1846 (3.8 tons ha-1

• The performance of test variety SPV 2423 was superior at Coimbatore and Dharwad. While SPV 2437 performed better at the other 4 centres of Hagari, Indore, Parbhani and Surat. The highest grain yield of more than > 5 tons ha

). The results indicate that the duration of a genotype could have an influence on the final grain yield.

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• In the location specific experiment, sorghum grain yield differed signficantly across both the centers in response to liquid biofertilizer seed treatment. At Akola 4ml Azospirillum (AZO) and 4ml Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) resulted in better response as compared to the combination of 4ml plus 2ml based seed treatment at Parbbhani.

was recorded by SPV 2437 at Indore centre.

6. Sorghum pathology (IK Das) Pathology programme for the year 2018-19 consisted of applied as well as basic research components. Applied research dealt with multi-location testing of breeding materials for resistance against sorghum diseases at hot spot locations. A total 198 sorghum lines consisting of grain, forage and sweet sorghum entries were evaluated against panicle, foliar and systemic diseases in endemic areas (Dharwad, Coimbatore, Akola, Parbhani, Surat, Hagari, Pantnagar, Hisar and Ludhiana) spread over different sorghum growing zones. Basic and strategic research focused mainly grain mold and anthracnose.

Disease situations: Among panicle diseases grain mold was predominant in Maharashtra, Karnataka Telangana and Gujarat. Sugary disease (ergot) was reported from Karnataka and Gujarat. Downy mildew was noted in peninsular region in low to moderate form. Among foliar diseases anthracnose, zonate leaf spot appeared in moderate to severe form at Pantnagar, Hisar, Ludhiana, Hagari and Surat and rust at Dharwad. Leaf blight was severe at Hagari, moderate at Surat and sporadic in Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. Sporadic incidence of sooty stripe, rough and grey leaf spots was also noted in Parbhani and Akola, region. Most of the evaluated materials exhibited some degree of resistance against major diseases.

Grain mold: Location severity index for grain mold assessed over all the trials in the location indicated that grain mold pressure was severe at Surat (4.7), moderate at Parbhani (4.3), Akola (3.6), Dharwad (3.4) and low at Coimbatore (2.6). Among the advanced grain sorghum hybrids SPH1846 and SPH1886 and among the varieties SPV 2296, SPV 2433 and SPV 2438 were moderately resistant to grain mold. Most promising entries in initial grain sorghum hybrid were SPH1908, SPH1911 and SPH1912 and varieties were SPHV2568 and SPV2574. Promising sweet sorghum entries for grain mold resistance were SPV2528, SPV2599, SPH1880, SPV2596 and SPV2605.

Downy mildew: One hundred and forty-five grain, forage and sweet sorghum entries consisting of seven trials (AHT, AVT, IHT, IVT, AVHT-SC and IAVHT-SS) were evaluated for downy mildew resistance in sick-plot. Among the advanced entries (grain) the hybrid SPH1849 and SPH1846 and the variety SPV 2499 was moderately resistant. Most of the initial hybrids



and varieties were promising for downy mildew resistance (≤10%). Most of the tested single - and multi-cut forage entries were promising for downy mildew resistance.

Sugary disease/ Ergot: Low to moderate incidence of sugary disease (ergot) was recorded from Dharwad and Surat. Incidence was highly sporadic and no significant differences were observed among the entries.

Foliar diseases: Anthracnose, zonate leaf spot, leaf blight, rust and gray leaf spot were common diseases on forage sorghum. Anthracnose was severe at Pantnagar (LSI 5.4 on 1-9 scale) and Hisar (5.2) and moderate at Ludhiana (3.4) and Surat (3.8). Leaf blight was reported from many places in low (Parbhani, Akola, Ludhiana, Coimbatore) to moderate (Surat 4.0) severity. Zonate leaf spot was severe at Pantnagar (4.2) and traces in Ludhiana (1.2). Rust was moderate at Dharwad (3.0) and traces at Coimbatore and Parbhani. Sooty stripe was recorded in traces from Akola (1.5). Most promising entries for foliar disease resistance were, Forage hybrids SPH1879, SPH1890, SPH1905 and varieties SPV2564, SPV2445; Sweet sorghum hybrid SPH 1880 and varieties SPV 2604, SPV 2605; Grain sorghum hybrids SPH1846, SPH1888, SPH1885 and varieties SPV 2296, SPV 2433, SPV2504, SPV2566, SPV2567, SPV2572, SPV2578.

Multiple resistances: In grain sorghum combined resistance against grain mold and downy mildew, and grain mold and foliar diseases are important for different growing regions. Grain sorghum hybrids SPH1846, SPH1908, SPH1911 and varieties SPV2568, SPV2574 had combined moderate resistant to grain mold and downy mildew. Grain hybrid SPH1846 and varieties SPV2296 and SPV2433 had combined resistant to grain mold and leaf diseases. Sweet sorghum hybrid SPH 1880 and varieties SPV2528, SPV2599, SPV2596 and SPV2605 showed combined resistant to grain mold and downy mildew. For forage varieties leaf disease resistance is of utmost importance. Multi-cut forage hybrid SPH1879, SPH1905 and variety SPV2564 had combined resistant to anthracnose and zonate leaf spot.

Bio-management of grain mold: Non-pathogen or bio-agent fungal treatments on sorghum panicles at 80% flowering significantly reduced Fusarium and Curvularia infection and resultant mold score in sorghum hybrids in multiple locations. Trichoderma harzianum (liquid) and T. harzianum (pure culture) caused maximum reduction of fungal infection (~54%) followed by T. harzianum (powder) and Biomix (liquid) (~42%). Mold score reduction was maximum by T. harzianum (pure culture) (~40%) followed by T. harzianum (powder) (~39%) and Liquid (~34%). T. harzianum liquid and pure culture treatments were found to be most effective for mold management.

Grain mold nursery: In national grain mold nursery 13 entries were tested for the first year (NGN-I), 14 for second year (NGN-II), and eight for the third year (NGN-III). Promising entries were SR2914, AKSV383, KR125, AKSV393, SR2872 in NGN-I, IS21425, IS20956, AKSV394, IS21645, IS473, IS2379, GMN17-3 and ICSH28001 in NGN-II and GMN16-4, AKGMR117, AKGMR119, GMN16-3 and PVK1009 in NGN-III. These entries scored ≤3 field grade mold score in multiple locations. In KR125 mold resistance was combined with greater seed size in semi-compact panicle and medium duration. Resistance in AKSV394, ICSH28001, AKGMR117 and PVK1009 were combined with greater seed size (~3 g/100), compact panicles and medium plant height.

Anthracnose nursery: Seventeen entries including resistant and susceptible checks were evaluated at hot spot locations during kharif 2018. Disease pressure was moderate (LSI ~5.4 on 1-9 scale). Entries IS10302, ICSV12021, IS23521, IS20956, IS473 were resistant (~3) and all other entries were moderately resistant (~5).

Mold resistance in population breeding derivatives: Of the 35 test derivatives four (Gm8, Gm25, Gm32 and Gm34) were resistant to grain mold in multiple locations. Publications and recognitions: The group was involved in publishing 18 different publications including 5 journal papers, 1 technical bulletin, 2 book chapters, 6 conference paper and two reports during 2018-19. Scientists from different centres participated in regional and national symposia. The research paper on “Bio-management of grain mold of sorghum authored by VM Gholve, IK Das and SP Mehtre received best poster award in National Symposium by Indian Phytopathological Society (West Zone), August 2018. Professor SN Chattannavar acted as Member, Board of Studies, UAS, Dharwad and external examiner of Ph. D thesis for MPKV, Rahuri apart from guiding M. Sc and Ph. D students as chairman.

7. Entomology (G Shyam Prasad) Introduction: A total of 151 genotypes of grain, forage (multi and single cut), sweet, high biomass sorghums) were evaluated for resistance/tolerance to key pests of Sorghum the form of ten trials (AHT-GS, AVT-GS, IHT-GS, IVT-GS, IAVHT-MC, AVHT-SC, IVHT-SC, IAVHT-SS, HBM and Shoot pest nursery) at the respective hot-pot locations mainly at Coimbatore, Palem, Rahuri, Indore, Surat, Ludhiana and Hisar for stem borer and Dharwad, Palem, Akola, Parbhani, Indore, Surat and Udaipur for shoot fly. The entries were compared with commercial/ released varieties and four checks (IS 18551, IS 2205, DJ 6514 and Swarna). New molecules for managing shoot fly and stem borer, IPM trials were conducted which comprised of treatments with botanicals, safe chemicals. All the entries were evaluated under artificial condition by placing fish meal for shoot fly attraction. Whereas, the lines for stem borer and other pest were evaluated under natural condition.



Pest scenario in sorghum: The major pests reported across eight sorghum growing states were Shoot fly, stem borer and sporadic incidences of Fall army worm. The shoot fly infestation in terms of deadhearts was highest in Telangana (30 - 45%) followed by Gujrat (20 – 60%), Punjab (16 - 68%), Haryana (19.1 – 42.5 %), Maharashtra (15 - 29.0%), Rajasthan (13.1%), Karnataka (0 -30%) and lowest in Tami lnadu (0 – 5%). Spotted stem borer infestation in terms of deadhearts was highest in Gujrat (10 – 65%), Haryana (12.9 – 38.5%), followed by Telangana (14 - 20%), Rajasthan (10.5%), Punjab (4- 14%), Karnataka (4.9%), Maharashtra (2.6 - 4.13%), and lowest in Tamil nadu (0 – 5%). Low intensity attack of fall army worm was noticed in vegetative stage in Parbhani, Rahuri and Akola (2 – 5 % plant damage.) Shoot fly (Atherigona soccata, Rond) General trend: Overall, the shoot fly incidence in the trials across the locations ranged from 27.8 – 84.6 % deadhearts (DH) and mean of all trials being 51.8%. The highest incidence of shoot fly was observed at Rahuri (84.6 %), followed by Parbhani (63.4% DH), Akola (63.0%), Hisar (55.9 %), Palem (55.1%), Indore (54.3 %), Dharwad (54.3%). The shoot fly incidence was moderate at Surat (39.6 %), Ludhiana (39.4%) and lowest at Udaipur (33.0%), Coimbatore (27.8 %). Grain sorghum: In AHT (GS), AVT (GS), IHT (GS) and IVT (GS) trials, the DH% across the locations ranged from moderate to high (27.6 – 85.5 %). The mean shoot fly infestation was 55.4, 52.3, 55.0 and 54.0% DH in AHT (GS), AVT (GS), IHT (GS) and IVT (GS), respectively. In AHT (GS), AVT (GS), IHT (GS) and IVT (GS) none of the test entries were superior or on par with resistant check (IS 18551). Forage (multi cut): Across the locations the shoot fly deadhearts at peak stage in IVHT-MC ranged from 30.6 – 66.6 % DH the average being 43.1 %. None of the entries were superior or on par with resistant check (IS 18551). Forage (single-cut): In AVHT and IVHT, the shoot fly damage was from 29.3 – 61.3 % DH. The mean shoot fly deadhearts were 42.2 and 41.8 % DH in AVHT and IVHT, respectively. None of the entries were on par with resistant check IS 18551. Sweet sorghum: In IVAHT-SS, the damage range was 29.4 – 90.3 % DH with an average of 49.2 % DH at peak stage. None of the entry was on par with resistant check IS 18551. AICSIP-SPN: The shoot fly damage in shoot pest nursery ranged from 28.2 – 78.3 % with average of 49.4 % DH. The entries SFRM-4 and SFRM 1 recorded low deadhearts and were on par with resistant check IS 18551. Spotted stem borer (Chilo partellus, Swinhoe): Overall, the borer incidence in the trials across the locations ranged from 5.0 – 49.9 % deadhearts (DH) and mean of all trials being 18.1 %. The highest incidence of borer was observed at Dharwad (49.9%) followed by Hisar (29.7 %), Coimbatore (28.6%), Palem (21.8 %), Indore (16.0%), Surat (31.5 %), Parbhani (7.7%), Udaipur (5.6%), Akola (5.4%), Rahuri (5.2%) and Ludhiana (5.0%). Grain sorghum: In AHT (GS), AVT (GS), IHT (GS) and IVT (GS) trials, the stem borer DH% across the locations ranged from moderate to high (4.9 – 49.9 %). The mean borer infestation was 19.5, 19.2, 50.0 and 18.2 % DH in AHT (GS), AVT (GS), IHT (GS) and IVT (GS), respectively. The test entries from AVT-GS (SPV 2498, SPV 2437 and SPV 2438) were on par with check IS 2205. Forage sorghum (Multicut): The stem borer deadhearts at 45 DAE in IAVHT-multi-cut trial ranged from 4.0 – 33.2 % with a mean of 16.3 % deadhearts. The entries SPH 1904 and SPH 1905 were on par with resistant check IS 2205 Forage sorghum (Single cut): In single cut trial (AVHT- SC, AVHT-SC) the damage was from 5.0-29.8DH % with a mean of 16.6 % deadhearts. In IVHT-SC, the entries SPV 2591, SPV 2592 were on par with resistant check (IS 2205). Sweet sorghum: In IVAHT-SS, the damage range was 5.1 – 33.4% with an average of 19.0 % deadhearts at 45 DAE. None of test entries were on par with resistant cheek (IS 2205). High biomass sorghums (HBM): In HBM trial, the damage range was 5.0 – 31.9% deadhearts with an average of 15.0 % deadhearts at 45 DAE. None of the test entries were on par with resistant cheek (IS 2205). AICSP-SPN for major pests: The entries in shoot pest nursery showed 17.3 % mean stem borer deadhearts ranging between 11.1 – 26.9 % deadhearts. None of the entries were on par with resistant check IS 2205. Head bug (Calocoris angustatus): Damage rating (1-9) due to ear head bugs was recorded at Akola and Palem. The damage was moderate ranging from 2.00 – 3.67 at Parbhani and 2.67 – 4.00 in Akola. Shoot bug (Peregrinus maidis): Shoot bug damage was recorded at Akola center and damage was negligible. Spider mite Oligonychus indicus (Hirst): The damage rating (1-9) was recorded at Akola and Surat only. Across the trials the damage score was 2.9, hence negligible. Midge (Stenodiplosis sorghicola Coq): The damage due midge was recorded at Akola, The intensity was low (2.3) on a scale of 1-9 damage rating across trials. Seed treatment: Of the seven insecticides tried as seed treatments, Imidacloprid and Thiamethoxam offered protection against shoot fly on par to application of Carbofuran. Imidacloprid treated seeds recorded higher yields



8. Sorghum physiology (SS Rao) Trial 1K. Physiological basis of assessing the genetic progress in yield potential of kharif sorghum historical released cultivars: Twelve kharif sorghum released cultivars (6 hybrids + 6 verities) were assessed for physiological basis of genetic gains in yield potential and traits associated with biomass and grain yields. Mean days to flowering and maturity had shown significant positive relationship (P≤0.05) with leaf dry weight and total dry weight at maturity. The LAI at flowering ranged from 1.22 to 2.86 at flowering with an average of 2.03. Older cultivars SPV 462 and CSV 20 still continue to maintain higher LAI than others. Cv. SPV 462 CSV20 and CSV 27 produced higher leaf mass, SLA and SLW. In total biomass production at maturity, CSH 13 K&R and CSH 16 in hybrids, CSV 20 and SPV 462 in varieties were superior. LAI has showed significant positive relationship with SLA, leaf mass, total biomass, while its relationship with SLW was negative (P≤0.05). In hybrids, CSH 16 still continues to produce higher biomass in GS 3. Interestingly, source to sink ratio has shown significant (P≤0.05) positive relationship with grain number panicle. Similarly, high biomass at maturity has shown negative relationship with HI (P≤0.05). Hybrids as a group produced 25% higher average grain yield than varieties. Hybrids CSH27 and CSH 16 produced more grain yields than others, but these are still on par with older hybrid such as CSH 14 under current season climatic conditions. Similarly, hybrids recorded 44 % higher HI than varieties (HI; hybrids: 36%, varieties 25%). Modern hybrids had greater HI (37.0 to 42.0%) than older ones. In grain no per panicle, hybrids recorded 18% more than varieties. Sink potential i.e., grain /panicle and grain/m2 had significantly positively (P≤0.05) related with grain yield (r=-721; 0.680; res.; P≤0.05). Trial 2K: Physiological basis of assessing the genetic progress of kharif sorghum parental lines (old and new) for yield potential: Sixteen kharif sorghum parental lines (8- B lines + 8- R lines) were assessed for physiological basis of genetic gains in yield potential and traits associated with grain and biomass yields. The LAI at flowering ranged from 1.45 to 2.52 with an average of 1.79. Older B-lines 296B still continue to maintain higher LAI than recent lines. In general, all R-lines had recorded higher LAI at flowering than B-lines. LAI did not improve much in the recently developed R-lines (CB 11, CB 33) over older ones i.e., Indore 12. Mean LAI at flowering has shown significant positive relationship (P≤0.05) with total dry biomass at flowering and maturity. In SLW, lines CB11, PMS 28B, and Indore 12 were superior. SLW at flowering had shown high significant positive relationship (P≤0.05) with biomass flowering and maturity, grains/m2 and grain yield. Both SLW and SLA were negatively related in sorghum parental lines (r= -0.976; P≤0.05). In total biomass production, R-lines produced 45 % and 53% higher biomass at flowering and maturity res. than B-lines. Recently developed R-line CB33 recorded higher biomass at maturity. Leaf mass at flowering and maturity had shown significant positive relationship (P≤0.05) with grains per panicle and grain yield. Both biomass in GS3 and source to sink ratio had shown significant (P≤0.05) positive relationship with per day grain productivity, grains /panicle, total biomass at maturity and grain yield. In general, R-lines produced 48% higher grain yield than B-lines. Latest R-line CB33, produced more grain yields than older lines (C43 & RS 627). In grain no per panicle, R-lines in general produced 27% higher grain number than B-lines. Latest R-line CB33 produced higher sink number. The per day grain productivity showed very high significant positive (P≤0.05) relationship with 1000-seed mass, grain /panicle, grains/m2 and grain yield. 1000-seed mass too has shown positive relationship with grain yield (r= 0.498; P≤0.05). While, sink potential i.e., grain/panicle and grain/m2

Forage sorghum: Evaluated 8 forage sorghum genotypes in pot experiment for salinity tolerance at Hisar. The trial was conducted at three level of salinity (Non-saline, 6, 8 and 10 dS/m). The days to flowering delayed by 6 days under 6 ds/m and by 8 days under 8dS/m EC of salinity compared to non-saline. Plant height reduced by 27.2% and 454.2 % under 6 dS/m and 8dS/m EC of salinity respectively compared to non-saline treatment., and CSV 21F was the tolerant one followed by SPV 2445 and CSV 30F under 8dS/m level of salinity. Leaf area, fresh biomass and dry weight at flowering reduced by 31%, 48.5%, and 63.0%, respectively at higher level of salinity compared to non-saline. Genotypes CSV 30F, CSV 32F and SPH 1890 maintained both higher fresh and dry biomass at flowering. While, at maturity CSV 30F and CSV 32F accumulated highest fresh and dry matter at the highest level of salinity. RWC, total chlorophyll content and SPAD values

had shown significant positive (r=0.929; 0.962 res,; P≤0.05) relationship with grain yield. Trial 3K.1 and 3K.2. Evaluation of sorghum elite lines (sweet and forage sorghum) for salinity tolerance: Sweet sorghum: Evaluated 13 sweet sorghum genotypes in pot experiment for salinity tolerance at Hisar. The trial was conducted at three level of salinity (Non-saline, 6, 8 and 10 dS/m). The days to 50% flowering was delayed by 3 days under 6 ds/m and by 4 days under 8dS/m EC of salinity compared to non-saline. Mean plant height reduced by 26.8% and 34.3 % under 6dS/m and 8dS/m EC, res. compared to non-saline and SPH 2597 was the tolerant one followed by SPV 2462, SPV 2601 and CSH 22SS under 8dS/m Ec. Leaf area, fresh biomass and dry weight per plant at flowering were reduced by 34%, 40.0%, and 45.1%, respectively under higher level of salinity as compared to non-saline. At maturity, SPV 2601 and SPH 1880 accumulated high fresh and dry matter at the highest level of salinity. On an average, a reduction of 14.1%, 66.2% and 57.8.5% in RWC, total chlorophyll content and SPAD values, respectively was recorded under highest level of salinity as compared to non-saline treatment. SPV 2601 and CSH 22SS were superior for these physiological traits under highest level of salinity.



reduced by 17.1%, 20.2% and 23.8% respectively at highest level of salinity as compared to non-saline treatment. Entries CSV 30F and CSV 32F were superior for these physiological traits under salinity.

9. Nucleus and breeder seed production (B Venkatesh Bhat) During 2018-19 a total of 269.79 q breeder seed was produced against BSP-I allocation of 87.43. In farmer’s participatory seed production, a total of 16135 q quality seed was produced. The final center wise allocation of sorghum breeder and nucleus seed production has been made for 2019-20 across 13 locations based on the basis of DAC indent received for the year 2019-20.

10. Distinctness, uniformity and stability (K Hariprasanna) During the reporting year, two field trials each were conducted during Kharif 2018 and Rabi 2018-19 seasons for examining the DUS in candidate varieties of sorghum as per the PPV&FRA test guidelines. During kharif 2018, one candidate variety was tested for DUS traits along with two reference varieties under 2nd year testing. Under 1st

11. Intellectual property rights (C Aruna)

year trial ten farmers’ varieties were planted for characterization along with one reference variety. All these farmers’ varieties were found to be rabi adapted, and were very late and did not flower. About 110 kharif adapted reference varieties were characterization in a replicated trial. During rabi 2018-19, 41 farmers’ varieties were tested for DUS along with five reference varieties, and 10 farmers’ varieties were characterized along with M 35-1 as reference variety. Maintenance breeding/characterization was undertaken for 90 reference varieties (OPVs/parental lines/hybrids) during rabi 2018-19 under enforced selfing/controlled pollination.

Institute Technology Management Unit has been active in IPR management at IIMR. A total of 19 MoUs were signed during 2018-19. Six agreements were signed for commercial seed production and marketing of forage sorghum cultivars CSH 24MF, CSV 33MF and SPV 2018, earning Rupees 21.5 lakhs. The institute generated Rupees 10 lakhs through transfer of value addition technology. The institute is apex body in millet research and has been rendering its expertise as knowledge partner to Government of Odisha to accomplish in millet mission in the state. Apart from revenue generation activities through licensing of technologies, ICAR-IIMR has been training students as part of master degree dissertation. Two MoUs were signed for student research and training in the year 2018-19. The institute has registered ‘Trademark’ for each of the eight millets (Pearl millet, Sorghum, Finger millet, Foxtail millet, Kodo millet, Little millet, Barnyard millet and Proso millet). The trademark will be used for ICAR-IIMR millet added products and grains to bring awareness and visibility in society.

12. Plant varieties protection & farmers’ rights act (K Hariprasanna) A total of 109 applications of sorghum were submitted to PPV&FRA for registration till date. During the year application for registration of SPV 2018 has been submitted. A total of 81 sorghum varieties have been registered with Plant Varieties Registry and certificates have been received. Of these, the protection period of 21 varieties has ended so far (Table 1). During 2018-19, two varieties [Phule Chitra (SPV-1546) and CSV 29R] were issued registration certificates. ICAR holds registration certificates for 54 varieties comprising 20 new and 34 extant varieties (Table 2). Of the 54 registrations, 15 are hybrids, 14 are varieties and 25 are parental lines.

13. Frontline demonstrations (Rajendra R Chapke) During kharif 2018, 196 frontline demonstrations (FLDs) on grain and forage sorghum were organized in seven districts across three major sorghum growing states viz., Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh. Latest seven sorghum cultivars namely, CSV 27, CSV 23, CSV 17, CSH 14, SPH 1635, SPH 1641 and RVJ 1862 were undertaken along with local cultivar as a check to evaluate and demonstrate their performance in farmers’ fields at different locations. Results indicated that the demonstrated sorghum cultivars gave 69% more grain yield and 36% stover yield over the local check across the locations. On an average, the demonstrated cultivars gave net returns of Rs. 43,266/- per ha on the cost of Rs. 18,827/- per ha, which is more than doubled compared to the local checks (Rs. 21,481/- per ha).



Summary of AICRP on Sorghum research achievements - Rabi 2017-18

1. Breeding - Grain sorghum (R Madhusudhana) During 2018-19, both basic and applied researches towards improvement of rabi grain sorghum were undertaken. Applied researches dealt with multi-location yield trials of finished or near finished products (varieties and hybrids) from the centers of All Indian Coordinated Research project on Sorghum (AICRP-S) and private companies. Basic and strategic researches focused on aspects including genetic diversification, new MS and R line development, fertility restoration, breeding for earliness, drought tolerance, resistance against key biotic stress factors etc. Multi-location AICRP-Sorghum trials: During the year 2018-19, following 4 multi-location yield trials were conducted.

1. Initial and Advanced Varietal and Hybrid trial (Shallow Soils)- Trial no. 440 2. Initial and Advanced Varietal and Hybrid trial (Deep Soils)- Trial no. 441 3. Initial Specialty Sorghum Varietal Trial (ISSVT)-Trial no. 443 4. Parental line trial (PLT)

1. Initial and Advanced Varietal and Hybrid trial (Shallow Soils)- Trial no. 440 - In this combined trial of Initial and Advanced Varietal and Hybrid trial under shallow soils, 22 genotypes were tested. Two test hybrids along with two checks (CSH13R and CSH15R), 13 test varieties along with 5 check varieties (CSV26R, M35-1, Phule Anuradha, Phule Maulee and local check) were evaluated at 4 locations. There was severe drought at all test locations. • Test hybrids flowered around 65 days similar to CSH15R. Varieties took 66-74 days to flower as compared to

CSV-26R (71 days). None of the hybrids or varieties were significantly earlier than the respective checks. • There was no difference in the genotypes tested under shallow soils for grain yield and fodder yield as indicated

by trial P value for the treatments. However, among hybrids, SPH1903 (1235 kg/ha) and among varieties, SPV2656 (1230 kg/ha) performed better compared to checks. For fodder yield, SPV2654 (5981 kg/ha) and SPV2655 (5598 kg/ha) were better.

• For Grain size,none of the test genotypes were significantly superior to the respective checks. SPH1902 (3.2 g), SPV2662 (3.12 g) and SPV2653 (3.11 g) were comparatively bold with test weight above 3 g.

• For nutritional and roti making quality, there was variation observed in the test entries. • Test genotypes were on par with respective checks for their reaction to shoot fly and charcoal rot index.

2. Initial and Advanced Varietal and Hybrid trial (Deep Soils)- Trial no. 441 - In this combined trial of Initial and Advanced Varietal and Hybrid trial under deep soils, 3 hybrids (AVT-I) along with 2 hybrid checks (CSH15R and CSH13R), 19 varieties (18 AVT-I and 1 AVT-II) along with 3 checks (CSV-22R, CSV-29R and M35-1) and local check were evaluated at 15 centers for grain yield, fodder yield, other agronomic traits and biotic stresses. • None of the test hybrids or varieties were statistically superior to respective checks for grain yield. SPH1931 had

highest grain yield (3624 kg/ha), while SPV2643 (2.51%) and SPV2639 (2.20%) were numerically superior over CSV-22R.

• SPV2650 gave significantly higher fodder yield (9536 kg/ha), over check CSV-22R (8168 kg/ha). • SPV 2468, SPV2636 and SPV2651 had significantly bolder seeds (> 3.5 g/100 seeds). • For nutritional and roti making quality, there was variation observed in the test entries.

3. Initial Specialty Sorghum Varietal Trial (ISSVT) no. 443 - Twenty-three genotypes contributed from various sorghum centers were evaluated at 5 centers, Akola, Dharwad, Hagari, Nandyal and Parbhani. The special traits were of seed color (Red, yellow, brown), scented sorghum, pop sorghum, Hurda sorghum. Among the red colored sorghums, SPV2612 was highest yielding (3103 kg/ha). SPV2667 (2935 kg/ha) and SPV2615 (2819 kg/ha) and SPV2626 (2813 kg/ha) were good for yellow colored sorghum, while SPV2632 (2313 kg/ha) was highest yielding among Hurda sorghum.

4. Parental line trial (PLT): A combined (Kharif and Rabi) parental line trial consisting of 31 parents (15 A lines and 16 R lines) was conducted at three locations of Nandyal, Hagari and Parbhani (Parental line Trial-Summary Tables- Rabi). In general, parents of various hybrids of IHT and AHT tested showed good synchrony. The A lines flowered between 66 -75 days, while R lines took 64 -77 days for 50% flowering.

Rabi sorghum breeding 1. IIMR

• Use of multi-parent crosses in rabi sorghum has greater potential in diversifying and broadening the genetic base of grain yield attributes

• Significant genetic improvement in multi-parent cross derivatives over the base population was observed for panicle exertion (cm), panicle length (cm), panicle width (cm), panicle weight (cm), grain yield per plant (g), fodder yield per plant (g) and 100 seed weight (g).



• Furthermore, these genotypes are of early to medium maturity and medium in their height compared to the parental lines which are late and tall.

• IDC-13-4 exhibited highest grain and fodder yield per plant (161.80 & 245.30 g), panicle weight (183.0 g) and panicle width (9.5 cm), while IDC-38-2 with highest panicle length (26 cm) and IDC-10-4 with highest 100 seed weight (5.06g) were superior.

• Out of 79 test cross hybrids (on 104A) developed using 79 exotic germplasm lines, 40 hybrids showed 80% and above pollen fertility, six hybrids were partially sterile, 16 were partially fertile. Eight hybrids exhibited almost 100% sterility indicating them to be potential maintainers (B lines).

• Among exotic lines, the line IS23930 recorded highest 100 seed weight of 7.20 gms over two years. • Weighted geometric mean index (WGMI) values for grain yield q/ha under GS1 environment ranged from 6.12 (EP

85 x CSV 26) to 21.53 (M35-1 x CSV 26), GS2 environments ranged from 11.74 (CRS 57) to 24.90 (M35-1) and under all environment ranged from 7.49 (EP 85x CSV 26) to 21.47 (M35-1 x CSV 26).

• Drought susceptible index (DSI) value for grain yield per plot (g) under GS1 environment ranged from 0.20 CRS 57 to 1.53 PEC and GS2 environment ranged from 0.01 (EP 85x CSV 26) to 1.97 (CRS 66).

• Multivariate analysis of B and R/V lines indicated a reasonable amount of diversity in the rabi material.Some of the kharif lines, involved in the study may likely to contribute alleles for higher grain yield, and need to be exploited.

2. Rahuri • Under restorer development programme, 270 segregating families/plants have been selected. • 53 selections with round and pearly white seeds have been made under B line development program • For shallow soils, involving 12 different parents, 56 straight crosses have been developed. The F1 to F6

generations were evaluated and promising IPS were selected. • Under station trials for drought tolerance, RSV 1910 and RSV 2391 were promising. • RSV 2124 and RSV 2354 were superior to Phule Vasudha and Phule suchitra for grain yield. • 104 A&B, 1409 A&B, 185A&B, 479 A&B, A&B, 2010-10A & B, 2010-16 A&B, 2010-24 A&B pairs were maintained. • Nucleus and Breeder seed production was undertaken

3. Parbhani • 20 Restorers and 13 A/B pairs adapted to rabi season have been maintained. • Under station varietal trials, 981,972, 978, 985, 987, 983 were superior • 114 selections in various generations were identified for good restorer development • 15 single plant selections were made from 57 families for B line development. • For Hurda, PVRSG 101, PVRSG 102 are promising • 13 A/B and 20 R lines are being maintained

4. Tandur • Out of 8 entries tested in the station trial (AYT I), SVT 55, SVT59 and SVT 68 were promising and out yielded the

checks with respect to grain and fodder yields. • 150 uniform bulks made from station breeding programme during last year were evaluated to identify 966

promising entries in the observation yield trial. • Promising Rabi adapted, drought adapted advanced breeding entries suitable to the region were identified in the

physiology trials. • The station breeding programme consisted of segregating material of 127 crosses and a total of 966 single plant

selections made in different generations (F2-F6) based on plant type, ear head characteristics, grain quality and duration.

5. Vijayapura • In station breeding evaluation, three preliminary varietal trials (PVT), one MLVT, two B line trials (BLT), two R line

trials (RLT) and a varietal trial for charcoal rot tolerance were conducted. A total of 25 lines from varietal station trials, 13 from B line trials and 15 from R line trials were selected.

• In hybrid parental line developmental programme F2 and F3 segregating generation material from two each of B × B and R × R crosses was evaluated and individual plant selections were made.

• In trait specific varietal improvement programme, segregating material for earliness (five F2 populations and 93 F3 progenies), charcoal rot tolerance (eight F2 populations and 56 F3 families), high yield and stay-green (five F2 populations and 27 F3 progenies), reduced height (146 F3 progenies) and speciality grain traits like flaking, pop and hurda grains (15 F3 families, nine F4 lines and 18 BC1F3 progenies) were evaluated and individual plant selections were made.

• Under late rabi and summer, breeding material under varietal improvement involving two F2 populations and 23 F5 families for earliness, 382 F3 progenies for charcoal rot tolerance, fifteen F5 lines each for high yield and speciality traits are being evaluated. Selections were made in F2 and F3 segregating generations.

• A total of 20 new crosses were generated under trait specific varietal improvement programme (charcoal rot tolerance, drought tolerance, earliness, reduced height & non-lodging, fodder quality and speciality grain traits).



• Nine new varietal crosses were advanced to F2. 43 M4 lines derived from M35-1 were advanced to M5 generation.

• Six varieties were subjected to mutation treatments (gamma rays, EMS and 15 combinations of both) and planted during Summer for advancement to M2.

• Six A/B pairs and over 1500 germplasm lines including advanced breeding lines are being maintained. 6. Hagari

• Rabi Sorghum improvement was carried out with the objective of development of superior varieties for grain and fodder, early grain type, bold seed type, charcoal rot resistance, shoofly resistance through glossiness and trichome QTL introgression, post flowering drought resistance, high TE- low response to VPD and high water extraction capacity lines.

• Mutation breeding carried out to develop non lodging sorghum lines. • Station trials found HS-4, HS-5, HS-7, HS-10, HS-12, HS-11, HS-20, HS-18 and HS-21 as promising compared to

M-35-1. • MLVT rabi trial was conducted and found 1002, 1005, 1009 1011 and 1019 was found superior to existing checks

GS-23, SPV-2217 and BJV-44. • GS-23 Rabi sorghum variety accepted for variety release in 27-29-5-2018 ZREAC & ZREFC meeeting at Raichur

7. Dharwad • In station varietal and hybrid trials, SVD-1366, SVD-1367, SVD-1329 and SPV-2217, SVD-1353 and SVD-1401

varieties and hybrids, SHD-125R, SHD-123R and SHD-128R were superior • 13 single plant selections have been made for restorer development • Under bifortification, 168 single plant selections were made • Produced nucleus seed of SPV-2217, M-148-138, DSV-4, DSV-6 and SSV-74 • Demonstration of SVD-1401, SVD-1407, SVD-0806, SPV-2468, SPV-2217, M-35-1, BJV-44, DSV-4 undertaken • 14 A/B pairs, 14 restorers maintained.

8. Nandyal • Two varieties i.e. NTJ-5 (NJ-2647) and N-15 (NJ 2446) has been identified by state varietal release committee. • 144 single plant selected were made from 139 progenies • 48 experimental hybrids developed and tested • 112 restorer lines and 352 A/B pairs available

9. Akola • Rabi sorghum hybrid SPH 1801 has approved for national release as CSH39R • Under restorer development programme, 34 selections under F10 generation, 56 individual plant selections under

F3generation have been made. • 10 selections under F12 generation were made for B line development, and conversion programme, 157 BC pairs

were planted. • In breeding for special trait that is for hurda (parching) sorghum, among 9 crosses in F3 generation, total 120

individual plant selections were planted. • In mutation breeding programme for development of hurda (parching) sorghum, total 738 individual plant

selections were planted among the three genotypes in M4-M5 generation. • Two station hybrid/varietal trials and one AICSIP trials were conducted successfully. • AKSV 253 R, AKSV 398 R, AKSV 257 R and AKSV 404 R, AKSV 364 R, AKSV 371 R were superior under Multi-

location station varietal trial 10. Surat

• From station trials, CRS-13, SR-2888, SR-2952, SR-2998, SPV-2279, SPV-2343, SR-2990, SR-2917, SR-2882 and SR-2992 were found promising.

• 21 A/B lines, 36 restorer lines and 50 experimental hybrids were tested and maintained. • 112 germplasm lines were evaluated.

2. Sorghum agronomy (S Ravi Kumar) • In the mandatory experiment and in terms of grain yield the results indicate, that there were significant differences only

at Dharwad and Hagari, while at all other 4 centers the rabi cultivar yields (test and check varieties) were on par with each other.

• There was no improvement in the harvest index of the test cultivar (SPV 2468) and hence there was no significant increase in grain yield. The concept of dual purpose (addressing both grain & fodder, on farm requirements) need to be revisited, in light of mechanization drive, both in terms of ownership as well as community hiring facilities spreading across rural India.



• Micronutrient enrichment of organic fertilizer (Vermicompost enriched with 11.25 kg Zn and Fe) recorded the highest mean grain yield of 3.56 t ha-1, when compared to 3.23 t ha-1 achieved with 15 kg ZnSo4, when applied to the soil along with RDF.

• One irrigation at 30 days could enhance the rabi grain yield by about one ton, while two irrigations at 30 and 60 days increased the fodder yield by two tons per ha.

3. Physiology (SS Rao) Trial 1R: Preliminary evaluation of diverse germplasm for rabi adaptation: Thirty-seven rabi sorghum landrace germplasm along with three checks were evaluated at six locations. Six entries recorded less time to flowering than check CSV 22R (74) include RSSV 2234, CRS 70, CRS 72, CRS 73, CRS 69, RSV 1988 (69-71 d). Days to flowering had shown significant (P≤0.05) positive relationship with, Pn rate, total biomass and dry fodder yield. Entries maintained higher SPAD values include EP85, RSV 1988, VJV 115, CRS 69 (46.8-51.0) than check CSV 22R. Entries maintained higher RWC values include EP 94, RSV 2197, EP 98 and Phule Suchitra (77.0-79.0%) than check CSV 22R. Photosynthesis rate (Pn rate) varied from 27.4 to 43.6 with an average of 34.9 u mol Co2 m-2 S-1. Entries maintained higher Pn rate are EP 94, RSV 1837, RSV 1984, and CRS 73 than check CSV 22R. Four entries superior in biomass than check CSV 22R include RSV 2252, VJV 111, PVR 947, CRS 71. Total biomass maturity showed significant positive relationship with rain yield (r=0.653**). Pn rate has shown significant positive relationship with stomatal conductance (r=0.8477**). In grain yield, entries superior to check include VJV 112, PEC 23, PVR 950, and PVR 16-3 (21.0- 35.0 g/pl). Sink number was also positively related with grain yield (r= 0.448*) Trial 2(M) & 3(S): Phenotyping advanced rabi sorghum entries for drought adaptation traits in medium and shallow soils: Sixteen advanced rabi-adapted sorghum genotypes were phenotyped in both medium and shallow soils at Bijapur, Rahuri, Solapur, Parbhani and Tandur. Average plant height decreased by 16.6 % in shallow soil over medium. As regards DSI, entries Phule Suchitra (0.603) and BJV 129 (0.429) showed less DSI means more plant height stability. Plant height (P≤0.05 resp.; N=16) was negatively related with grain yield in medium soil. RSV 1822 and Phule Anuradha recorded higher LAI, and showed least reduction under shallow soil and were stable across the soil depths. Average biomass production at maturity decreased by 36.3% in shallow soil over medium. Entries RSV 2138, BJV125, and BJV 129 recorded lower DSI for biomass and were stable. LAI showed significant positive with stomatal conductance (0.794** in medium soil). Entries, SPV 1910, BJV 129, and CRS 66 were stable for RWC. Higher leaf water status (RWC) resulted in more Pn rate, HUE grain, and grain yield (P≤0.05). LTD showed significant positive relationship with Pn rate, HUE biomass and dry fodder yield (P≤0.05). Entries RSV 2121, CRS 65, and BJV 362 were superior in terms of Heat use efficiency based on grain and biomass basis. Mean grain yield ranged from 2070 to 3243 kg ha-1 and 920 to 1585 kg ha-1

4. Entomology (G Shyam Prasad)

in medium and shallow soil, respectively. Overall mean basis, none was significantly superior to check Phule Suchitra in medium soil, while in shallow soil, entry CRS 66 was on par with check Phule Anuradha. Grain yield decreased by 52.8% in shallow soil depth over medium. In terms of DSI for grain yields, CRS 66 (DSI=0.551), Phule Anuradha (DSI=0.655) and M35-1 (DSI=0.737) were relatively more stable under terminal drought and heat stress conditions. Trial 5RF and 5Irrg: Phenotyping sorghum for key root traits associated with drought adaptation: Thirteen advanced rabi sorghum genotypes checks were characterized for root and shoot related traits in controlled above ground root chambers for drought tolerance. Total biomass differed significantly among moisture regimes, genotypes including interaction effects. There was 38% decrease in biomass at maturity under moisture stress than irrigated control. BJV 125 alone recorded higher biomass across the rainfed and irrigated conditions than check P Suchitra. Grain yield decreased by 27 % in drought over irrigated and, none was superior to Phule Suchitra across moisture regimes. The mean fresh root biomass, dry root mass, root length, root volume, and root numbers declined by 42%, 47%, 46%, and 29 %, respectively in rainfed condition than in irrigated. Mean root length at physiological maturity under rainfed condition varied from 37 to 51 cm/plant. Root dry mass under moisture stress ranged from 1.47 to 4.03 g/plant. Phule Suchitra and RSV 2106 were superior for root volume in stress conditions. Entries, RSV 1986, CRS 57 in root length, CRS 66, CRS 57, & P Suchitra in root fresh and dry mass, BJV 125, M35-1 in root volume, CRS 66, RSV2106 in root number at maturity were relatively superior to checks across stress and non-stress conditions.

Introduction: In AICRIP on Sorghum Entomology program, a total 64 genotypes under four trials (IAVHT-DS, , IAVHT-SS, AICSIP- SPN, Aphid and shoot bug nursery (APSHN) were evaluated mainly for shoot fly, stem borer, sugarcane aphids and shoot bugs for resistance/tolerance at respective hot spot locations (Akola, Bijapur Dharwad Rahuri, Parbhani and Solapur along with respective resistant, susceptible, commercial check(released varieties, hybrids) and Land race (M 35-1). For shoot fly evaluation the entries were evaluated under artificial condition by placing fish meal for shoot fly attractions, whereas, the lines for stem borer, aphids and others were evaluated under natural conditions. Pest scenario in sorghum: In Rabi sorghum, shoot fly (Atherigona soccata Rond.) is a major biotic constraint followed by stem borer (Chilo partellus Swin.), sugarcane aphid (Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner), and shoot bug (Peregrinus maidis Ashm). In Karnataka (Dharwad, Bijapur areas) the shoot fly damage was low (13.0% DH), stem borer (4.5%), aphid (3.0



score), shoot bug (2.5 score). There was 17.0 % damage to plants by fall army worm which is emerging pest. In Maharashtra (Parbhani, Rahuri) the shoot fly damage was low (8.5% DH), high stem borer incidence (12.0%), low aphid score (2.0), low shoot bug damage (2.5). There was 2.0 % damage to plants by fall army worm which is emerging pest. Shoot fly (Atherigona soccata, Rond): General trend: The mean shoot fly incidence across locations in all the entomology trials ranged from 15.5 – 44.0% deadhearts, the overall mean was 24.4 % deadhearts. Location wise shoot fly infestation was lowest at Solapur (15.5%), Dharwad (17.3%), Bijapur (22.7%), Akola (33.8%), followed by Parbhani (24.2%) and highest at Rahuri (44.0 %), when evaluated under artificial conditions. Initial and Advance Hybrid Trial for deep soil (IAHT-DS): The mean shoot fly deadhearts were 25.0 % DH with a range of 10.6 – 56.7 %. The entries SPV 2643, SPV 2641, SPV 2644, SPV 2651, SPV 2635 and SPV 2636 were on par to the resistant check (IS 18551). Initial and Advance Varietal Trial for deep soil (IAVT-DS: The mean shoot fly deadhearts were 25.8 % DH with a range of 9.6 – 53.5 %. The entries SPV 2654, SPV 2663, SPH 1902 and SPV 2653 were on par with IS 18551(RC). Shoot Pest Nursery (SPN): The mean shoot fly deadhearts were 22.4 % DH with a range of 3.3 – 58.3 %. The entries RSV 2115, SPV 2221 and RSV 1988 were on par with IS 18551(RC). Spotted stem borer (Chilo partellus, Swinhoe) General trend: The mean borer incidence across locations in all the entomology trials ranged from 4.7 – 27.2% deadhearts, the overall mean was 10.4 % DH. Location wise shoot fly infestation was lowest at Rahuri (6.1% DH) followed Bijapur (8.6% DH), Parbhani (9.7%), Solapur (20.1 %DH), Dharwad (12.2 % DH) when evaluated under natural conditions. Initial and Advance Hybrid Trial for deep soil (IAVHT-DS): Deadhearts due to stem borer ranged from 4.2 – 19.8 % with an average of 11.2 % DH. None of the entries were on par with resistant check (IS 2205). Initial and Advance Hybrid Trial for shallow soil (IAVHT-SS: Across the locations, deadhearts due to stem borer ranged from 3.9 – 22.7 % with an average of 9.9 % DH. The entries SPV 2653 and SPV 2655 were on par with resistant check (IS 2205). Shoot Pest Nursery (SPN): Deadhearts due to stem borer ranged from 9.4 – 33.7 % with an average of 19.8 % DH. The entries RSV 1988, SLV 169, RSV 2299, AKSV 282R, RSV 2289, RSV 2260, RSV 1885 were on par with resistant check (IS 2205). Sugarcane aphids (Rhophalosiphum maidis): Aphid and shoot bug Nursery (APSHN): The damage by aphid was recorded at Bijapur, Parbhani, Rahuri, Solapur and Hyderabad on a scale of 1 -9. The damage score was highest at Rahuri (5.4), Solapur (3.3) Parbhani (4.2) and Bijapur (1.2). The aphid damage across locations ranged from 2.6 – 6.2, the overall mean score was 3.8. Across the locations the entries KR 191, M 35-1, ICSV 93046, RSV 2121, BRJ 67, RSV 1959 and SLV 182 were on par with TAM 428(RC) with damage score below 3.3. Shoot bug (Peregrinus maidis): The damage due to shoot bug was observed at Bijapur and Solapur. The damage ranged from 1.0 – 3.3 on 1 – 9 scale. The mean shoot bug damage score was 1.7. Low shoot bug damage score was observed in RSV 1885, SLB 81 and ICSV 93046. Management of shoot pests in sorghum through eco-friendly approaches: Rahuri: Furrow application of Carbofuran 3 g @ 20kg/ha + Whorl application of Carbofuran 3g @ 8kg/ha at 35 DAE and spray of Dimethoate 30 EC at 60 DAE) was best followed Seed treatment with Imidacloprid @ 3 g a.i./kg seed +Spray of Bt@20ml/10 lit of water at 35DAE + Lecanicillium lecanii @5g/lit and they were on par with each other. Dharwad: Insecticides were evaluation along with use of Calcium chloride seed soaking. Application of Clothianidin 50 %WG @ 2 g/lt + 2% CaCl2 resulted in higher yield (18.38 kg/plot) which was on par with Dinotofuron 20%SG @ 1 g/lt + 2% CaCl2

• New Germplasm accessions need to be evaluated at hot spot locations to identify improved sources for major pests.

(17.50 Kg/plot) and significantly higher than control. Future work plan Rabi 2019-20:

• Biopesticides/new molecules: Evaluating of bio-pesticides and new molecules may be taken up against major pest.

5. Sorghum pathology (IK Das) Disease situation: Disease situation in farmer’s field was surveyed in Maharashtra and Karnataka. Incidence of foliar diseases like rust, leaf blight, anthracnose, viral diseases, stalk diseases like charcoal rot and panicle diseases like grain smut were observed with different magnitude. In Marathwada region of Maharashtra low to moderate incidence of leaf blight (~3 on 1-9 scale), grain smut (~9%) and viral diseases (~3%) and sporadic incidence of charcoal rot and rust were observed. In experimental conditions diseases like charcoal rot, rust and leaf blight were noted at different locations. Survey of farmers’ fields in Karnataka showed prevalence of few foliar diseases especially rust and leaf blight.



Charcoal rot management: Management efficacy of charcoal rot by seed treatment with different preparations of Trichoderma was tested at multiple locations on CSV29R and local cultivars. The treatments were powder, liquid and mixed formulation of T. viride and T. harzianum. Seed treatment with T. harzianum (Liquid & Powder formulation) considerably controlled charcoal rot on CSV29R at Solapur and Parbhani (range: 36 to 50% reduction over control) followed by T. harzianum powder (~45%n reduction) and T. viride powder (~37% reduction). The above treatment also reduced crop lodging in those locations. Pokkah boeng resistance in rabi cultivars: Pokkah boeng is an emerging disease on sorghum. Nineteen sorghum cultivars were tested on which disease severity varied significantly (range 9.5−32.5%). CSV19SS performed as resistant, CSV18R, DSV4, E 36-1 and CSV8R as moderately resistant and SLR30, RS585, M35-1 and Parbhani Moti as susceptible. About 42% of the cultivars were found susceptible suggesting that many of the popular rabi sorghum cultivars carry inherent pokkah boeng susceptibility. The resistant and susceptible lines identified in the study will act as reference line in pokkah boeng resistance and can be utilized for screening of sorghum lines against the disease. Effect of pokkah boeng on leaf chlorophyll: Pokkah boeng infection in sorghum resulted in reduction of chlorophyll content in leaf (reduction varied from 0.7 –30.3% among 19 cultivars). E36-1, a stay-green genotype, recorded the lowest reduction. CSV 29SS, which was resistant to pokkah boeng recorded variable reductions. SLR 30, RS 585 and M35-1 were among cultivars that showed greatest reduction (~21%). The results suggested that the disease has relatively more effect on leaf chlorophyll in susceptible cultivars than in the resistant one. Charcoal rot nursery: Eleven entries contributed by different centers were evaluated for charcoal rot resistance at host spot locations. Location severity index for CRI varied from 15 to 24 suggesting moderate to high disease pressure. Few lines with less CRI were RSV1941, E36-1, RSV1928, RSV2025 and RSV1628 (CRI 14.3 to 17.5). RSV1941 and RSV1928 were promising for charcoal rot resistance. RSV1941 combined CR resistance with lodging tolerance and considerable grain yield. Charcoal rot resistance in breeding materials: Fifty improved varieties and hybrids of rabi sorghum were evaluated for charcoal rot resistance at hot spot locations in Maharashtra and Karnataka. Charcoal rot intensity as indicated by location severity index ranged from moderate (Solapur and Dharwad) to severe (Parbhani). Most of the test entries behaved as moderately resistant while a few were susceptible and none was resistant except the resistant check. Promising entries for CR resistance under deep soil conditions were: SPV2646, SPV2651, SPV2648 and SPV2652 (CRI 12.2 to 13.9; min 1 & max 80) and under shallow soil conditions were: SPV2655, SPH1902 and SPV2654 (CRI 17.3 to 17.8). Foliar diseases resistance: Foliar diseases incidence during rabi season was low to moderate and sporadic in nature. Incidence of rust and leaf blight was reported from all the centers. Rust was severe at Hagari (7.5) and Dharwad (3.4), moderate at Solapur (2.0) and low at Parbhani. All the test entries showed moderate resistance to leaf rust (3.3 to 4.8 on a 1-9 scale). Entry SPV2647, SPH1869 were highly promising for leaf rust resistance (≤3). Leaf blight was moderate at all the locations (Parbhani 3.3 and Solapur 3.4). The entries SPH1902, SPV2658 and SPH1903 were promising for leaf blight resistance (≤3). Crop lodging: Crop lodging was reported from Parbhani and Solapur. Lodging was low at Solapur (~10%) and moderate at Parbhani (~21%). The test entries showed significant differences in lodging (range 10-49%). Promising entries with less lodging under deep soil were SPV2646, SPV2647, SPV 2468, SPV2649 and SPV2651 (<12%) and under shallow soil were SPH1902 (~19%). Stay green: Stay green is an important character that imparts charcoal rot resistance to sorghum genotype. Top five leaves are observed for greenness at the time of maturity. Number of green leaf per plant was counted entry wise and data were analyzed. Number of green leaf ranged from 1.3 – 5.0 (min 1, max 5) under deep soil and 1.5 to 3.0 under shallow soil. Test entries with more green leaf area at maturity were SPH 1869, SPV2651, SPV2650, SPV2658 and SPH1903 (2.3 to 3.9). Flowering time: Earliness generally help escape charcoal rot incidence. Flowering time varied from 67 to 81 among the 50 test entries. There were variations in flowering time at different locations as shown by the location means. Flowering took less time at Dharwad (~68 days) and more at Solapur (~79 days). None of the test entry was early that could flower before 65 days.

6. Frontline demonstrations (Rajendra R Chapke) During rabi 2018-19, 294 frontline demonstrations (FLDs) on sorghum were organized in seven districts across four major rabi sorghum growing states viz., Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana, and Gujrat. Latest sorghum varieties viz., CSV-29R, CSV 26R, CSV 18R, SPV-1411 (Parbhani Moti), Phule Revati, Phule Anuradha and Phule Suchitra were demonstrated along with locally popular cultivar as a check in farmers’ fields at different locations. The demonstrated rabi sorghum varieties gave 48% higher grain and 42% fodder yields than the local checks. On an average, the demonstrated varieties could earn net returns of Rs. 43,029/- on the cost of Rs. 23,010/- per ha, which is 61% higher than the local checks.



Studies on roti quality and nutritional quality of sorghum grains at different locations

U.S. Dalvi, A.S. Jadhav and U.D. Chavan Sorghum Improvement Project, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri

Sorghum is an important crop for food and fodder in the semi-arid tropics of the world. Sorghum is a staple food in African and Asian subcontinents. Most of the grain produced in these countries is utilized for human consumption. Though sorghum is known for its nutritional quality, the consumption of this cereal is decreasing due to easy availability of rice and wheat through public distribution system and easy methods of processing and cooking of fine cereals (such as rice). Sorghum is a gluten-free cereal and forms the staple diet of a majority of the populations living in the semi-arid tropics. Sorghum contains various phenolic and antioxidant compounds that could have health benefits, which make the grain suitable for developing functional foods and other applications. Now a days as far as health issues consideration sorghum roti got good values by the health conscious peoples and in rural area. Though the roti quality of old varieties like M35-1, local genotypes is preferable by the public some new varieties developed by different sorghum research stations gives better nutritional quality with good yield. At our center a study was done on dough, roti and nutritional quality aspects of different sorghum entries at different locations like Dharwad, Solapur, Vijaypur and Rahuri in rabi season 2018-19 and the results of these trials were elaborate as under. 1. Rabi sorghum trial IAVHT (Shallow soil) from Vijayapur centre: During rabi season 2018-19, twenty two sorghum genotypes from IAVHT trial from Vijaypur were evaluated for dough, roti and nutritional quality using following quality parameters. a) Nutritional constituents of sorghum grains: 1. Crude protein % 2. Soluble protein % 3. Total sugar% 4. Starch % 5. Free amino acids (mg/100gm) 6. Phenolics% Out of twenty two entries of sorghum grains studies for nutritional parameters revealed that crude protein content in the grains was highest in IAVHT-3155 with 12.10% followed by IAVHT- 3157 with 11.97%. Soluble protein content from these entries were ranges from 1.02 to 1.87% with mean of 1.41% and maximum soluble protein % was recorded in IAVHT-3160 with 1.87%. Total sugars % in grains was recorded highest in IAVHT-3168 with 2.41% and mean of 2.15% (Table 1). b) Organoleptic quality of roti: 1. Water required for dough 2. Kneading quality 3. Spreading quality 4. Colour of roti 5. Texture of roti 6. Taste of roti The roti quality was evaluated using colour and appearance, texture, taste, spreading and kneading quality of roti, overall acceptability using hedonic scale (1-9) and minimum 10 semi trained judges. Considering all above parameters of roti quality and using DMRT rank out of twenty two genotypes received from the Vijayapur centre sorghum genotype IAVHT-3158 ranks first with overall acceptability of 8.77 points followed by IAVHT-3166 with second rank and overall acceptability of 8.20 points (Table 2).

2. Rabi sorghum trial IAVHT (Shallow soil) from Solapur centre: During rabi season 2018-19, twenty two sorghum genotypes from IAVHT trial from Solapur were evaluated for dough, roti and nutritional quality using following quality parameters. a) Nutritional constituents of sorghum grains: 1. Crude protein % 2. Soluble protein % 3. Total sugar% 4. Starch % 5. Free amino acids (mg/100gm) 6. Phenolics%



From Solapur centre twenty two entries of sorghum grains were evaluated for nutritional parameters and the results revealed that crude protein content in the grains was highest in IAVHT-3065 with 12.69% followed by IAVHT- 3056 with 12.49% and mean crude protein% 11.11%. Phenolics % was recorded maximum in entry IAVHT-3053 with 2.92 % and ranges from 1.17 to 2.92% with mean Phenolics content of 1.86%. Total sugars % in grains was recorded highest in IAVHT-3068 with 2.51% and mean of 2.17% (Table 3). b) Organoleptic quality of roti: 1. Water required for dough 2. Kneading quality 3. Spreading quality 4. Colour of roti 5. Texture of roti 6. Taste of roti The roti quality was evaluated using colour and appearance, texture, taste, spreading and kneading quality of roti, overall acceptability using hedonic scale (1-9) and minimum 10 semi trained judges. Considering all above parameters of roti quality and using DMRT rank out of twenty two genotypes received from the Solapur centre sorghum genotype IAVHT-3070 ranks first with overall acceptability of 8.70 points followed by IAVHT-3058 with second rank and overall acceptability of 8.60 points Entry IAVHT-3056 ranks last in this studies with overall acceptability of 7.77 points (Table 4). 3. Rabi sorghum trial IAVHT (Deep soil) from Dharwad centre: Twenty eight rabi sorghum entries were evaluated for nutritional analysis and roti quality and the results from the study was elaborated as below. a) Nutritional constituents of sorghum grains: 1. Crude protein % 2. Soluble protein % 3. Total sugar% 4. Starch % 5. Free amino acids (mg/100gm) 6. Phenolics% From Dharwad centre twenty eight entries of rabi sorghum grains were evaluated for nutritional parameters and the results revealed that crude protein content in the grains was highest in IAVHT-1020 with 12.32% followed by IAVHT- 1013 with 12.28% and mean crude protein% 10.95%. Total sugars % in grains was recorded highest in IAVHT-1027 with 2.72% and mean of 2.09%. Starch content was recorded maximum in IAVHT-1015 with 59.64% and ranges from 41.52 to 59.64 %.Phenolics % was recorded maximum in entry IAVHT-1019 with 2.92 % and ranges from 1.23 to 2.92% with mean phenolics content of 2.20%. (Table 5). b) Organoleptic quality of roti: 1. Water required for dough 2. Kneading quality 3. Spreading quality 4. Colour of roti 5. Texture of roti 6. Taste of roti The roti quality was evaluated using colour and appearance, texture, taste, spreading and kneading quality of roti, overall acceptability using hedonic scale (1-9) and minimum 10 semi trained judges. Considering all above parameters of roti quality and using DMRT rank out of twenty eight genotypes received from the Dharwad centre from which sorghum genotype IAVHT-1025 ranks first with overall acceptability of 8.52 points followed by IAVHT-1028 with second rank and overall acceptability of 8.41points Sorghum genotype IAVHT-1010 ranks last in this studies with overall acceptability of 6.96 points (Table 6).

4. Rabi sorghum trial IAVHT (Deep soil) from Rahuri centre: Twenty eight rabi sorghum entries from Rahuri centre were evaluated for nutritional analysis and roti quality and the results from the study was elaborated as below. a) Nutritional constituents of sorghum grains: 1. Crude protein % 2. Soluble protein % 3. Total sugar% 4. Starch % 5. Free amino acids (mg/100gm) 6. Phenolics% From During rabi 2018-19 at Rahuri centre twenty eight entries of sorghum grains were evaluated for nutritional parameters and the results revealed that crude protein content in the grains was highest in IAVHT-1016 with 12.45% followed by IAVHT- 1019 with 12.20% and mean crude protein% 11.00%. Total sugars % in grains was



recorded highest in IAVHT-1027 with 2.89% and mean of 2.16%. Starch content was recorded maximum in IAVHT-1015 with 56.63% and ranges from 40.04 to 56.63 %. Phenolics % was recorded maximum in entry IAVHT-1019 with 2.88 % and ranges from 1.15 to 2.88% with mean phenolics content of 2.17%. (Table 7). b) Organoleptic quality of roti: 1. Water required for dough 2. Kneading quality 3. Spreading quality 4. Colour of roti 5. Texture of roti 6. Taste of roti The roti quality was evaluated using colour and appearance, texture, taste, spreading and kneading quality of roti, overall acceptability using hedonic scale (1-9) and minimum 10 semi trained judges. Considering all above parameters of roti quality and using DMRT rank out of twenty eight genotypes received from the Rahuri centre from which sorghum genotype IAVHT-1021 ranks first with overall acceptability of 8.70 points followed by IAVHT-1019 with second rank and overall acceptability of 8.59 points (Table 8). Table 1: Nutritional constituents responsible for roti quality prepared from different genotypes of Rabi -

2018 (IAVHT-Shallow soil) cultivars of sorghum (Vijaypur) Genotype/ Entry code

Colour of the grain

Appearance/ Shape of the

grain

Hectoliter weight (Kg/hl)

Crude Protein

(%)

Soluble proteins

(%)

Total sugars

(%)

Starch (%)

Free amino acids

(mg/100g)

Phenolics (%)

3151 W RO 79.64 11.30 1.44 2.21 44.54 71.20 2.76 3152 CW RO 78.77 11.48 1.34 2.13 47.21 77.68 2.12 3153 W RO 78.46 9.16 1.43 1.75 50.52 87.89 1.66 3154 W RO 79.14 10.68 1.75 2.29 54.94 71.34 2.06 3155 W RO 78.98 12.10 1.30 2.22 38.48 82.45 2.00 3156 W RO 77.87 11.00 1.02 2.02 49.47 88.50 1.99 3157 W RO 79.78 11.97 1.03 2.11 40.84 88.98 1.77 3158 W RO 77.75 11.27 1.55 2.10 50.23 76.23 1.99 3159 W RO 80.30 11.10 1.48 2.20 56.26 64.20 2.14 3160 CW RO 78.23 10.88 1.87 2.15 53.42 65.47 2.29 3161 CW RO 79.55 11.49 1.43 2.28 43.01 55.31 2.90 3162 W RO 78.88 11.54 1.63 2.21 43.33 81.28 2.36 3163 W RO 78.42 11.91 1.53 2.19 49.33 55.60 2.36 3164 DW RO 77.91 11.16 1.34 2.14 48.26 82.29 1.76 3165 W RO 78.12 11.74 1.48 2.30 46.05 53.64 1.94 3166 W RO 78.38 11.43 1.11 2.33 46.89 66.63 2.80 3167 W RO 77.44 10.60 1.66 2.09 52.27 69.72 2.00 3168 W RO 79.99 11.97 1.59 2.41 47.23 81.74 2.40 3169 W RO 77.22 10.93 1.64 2.07 52.60 75.36 2.06 3170 W RO 78.45 11.05 1.17 2.11 51.13 86.79 1.83 3171 W RO 77.01 11.00 1.23 2.03 53.37 90.62 1.73 3172 W RO 80.75 10.72 1.00 1.96 41.87 83.20 1.56

Range - - 77.01-80.75 9.16-12.10

1.02-1.87

1.75-2.41 38.48-56.26

55.31-88.98

1.56-2.90

Mean - - 78.68 11.20 1.41 2.15 48.24 75.28 2.11 S.E. + - - 2.20 0.60 0.15 0.22 3.15 5.10 0.25

C.D. at 5 % - - 6.61 1.81 0.46 0.66 9.45 15.30 0.77 Replications: 3: Grain colour: Creamy = C, Creamy White = CW, Dull White = DW, White = W, Brown = B, and Dull Black = DB. Grain Shape: Round = R, Oval/Oblong = O and Wrinkle = W.



Table 2: Organoleptic quality of roti prepared from different genotypes of Rabi-2018 (IAVHT-shallow soil) cultivars of sorghum (Vijaypur Center)

Genotype Water required for dough (ml)

Kneading quality

Spreading quality

Organoleptic quality parameters Colour &

appearance Texture Taste Overall

acceptability Rank by DMRT

3151 70 1 1 7.60 7.40 7.80 7.60 15 3152 65 1 1 7.50 7.20 7.10 7.27 22 3153 70 1 1 7.75 7.80 7.80 7.78 12 3154 80 1 1 7.80 7.90 7.80 7.83 11 3155 80 1 1 7.40 7.40 7.30 7.37 21 3156 80 1 1 7.60 7.70 7.40 7.57 16 3157 80 1 1 8.30 7.90 8.30 8.17 3 3158 80 1 1 8.90 8.70 8.70 8.77 1 3159 80 1 1 8.30 8.30 7.20 7.93 10 3160 80 1 1 8.20 7.80 7.80 7.93 9 3161 80 1 1 8.10 7.50 6.90 7.50 19 3162 80 1 1 7.80 7.40 7.00 7.40 20 3163 80 1 1 8.10 7.80 8.00 7.97 8 3164 70 1 1 7.60 7.90 7.10 7.53 18 3165 80 1 1 7.80 7.80 7.10 7.57 17 3166 70 1 1 8.70 7.90 8.00 8.20 2 3167 80 1 1 8.40 8.00 7.80 8.07 7 3168 60 1 1 8.70 7.80 8.00 8.17 4 3169 80 1 1 8.30 8.10 7.70 8.03 6 3170 70 1 1 8.30 8.10 8.00 8.13 5 3171 70 1 1 8.20 7.70 7.33 7.74 13 3172 80 1 1 8.00 7.70 7.40 7.70 14

Range 60-80 - - 7.40-8.90 7.20-8.70 6.90-8.70 7.27-8.77 Mean 76 - - 8.06 7.81 7.62 7.83 S.E. + - - 0.50 0.40 0.45 0.42

C.D. at 5 %

- - 1.51 1.22 1.37 1.26

Replications: 5 minimum: Kneading quality of dough, score: Good = 1, Fair = 2, Poor = 3. Spreading quality of roti, score: Easy spreading without crack = 1, Slightly difficult to spread with minute cracks = 2, Difficult to spread with cracks = 3. Sensory score: Like extremely (Excellent) - 9, Like very much (Very good) - 8, Like moderately - 7, Like slightly-6, Neither like nor dislike - 5, Dislikes lightly - 4, Dislike moderately - 3, Dislike very much - 2, Dislike extremely-1.

Table 3: Nutritional constituents responsible for roti quality prepared from different genotypes of Rabi -2018 (IAVHT-Shallow soil) cultivars of sorghum (Solapur)

Genotype/ Entry code

Colour of the grain


grain


Crude Protein

(%)

Soluble proteins

(%)

Total sugars

(%)

Starch (%)

Free amino acids

(mg/100g)

Phenolics (%)

3054 DW RO 77.01 12.14 2.05 2.14 52.07 59.13 1.79 3053 DW RO 75.62 12.33 1.78 2.47 47.38 52.00 2.92 3072 CW RO 78.80 11.23 1.83 2.40 36.84 79.54 2.78 3068 CW RO 77.19 12.13 1.88 2.51 50.94 60.65 2.20 3066 DW RO 78.55 12.39 1.53 2.49 41.95 62.27 2.50 3055 W RO 78.62 12.24 1.42 2.24 43.23 76.48 1.63 3058 DW RO 77.59 9.69 1.71 1.99 53.98 78.36 1.24 3061 DW RO 78.56 10.66 1.92 1.91 54.34 74.39 1.42 3051 DW RO 78.21 10.78 1.73 2.06 56.22 76.32 1.40 3071 CW RO 79.96 10.12 1.78 2.12 52.15 79.60 1.42 3062 DW O 78.14 9.78 1.66 1.97 51.47 77.71 1.48 3056 DW RO 76.35 12.49 1.91 2.29 51.77 66.45 2.15 3059 CW RO 76.70 12.21 1.54 2.31 50.20 73.40 1.94 3067 CW RO 78.52 11.30 1.87 2.40 51.36 87.63 1.50 3052 DW RO 74.74 11.43 1.36 2.48 46.93 73.51 2.83 3057 CW RO 77.50 9.94 1.23 1.68 39.18 85.91 1.17 3070 CW RO 77.32 9.53 1.59 1.78 51.56 82.30 1.55




Colour of the grain


grain


Crude Protein

(%)

Soluble proteins

(%)

Total sugars

(%)

Starch (%)

Free amino acids

(mg/100g)

Phenolics (%)

3069 CW RO 77.47 10.29 1.75 1.76 50.79 82.71 1.44 3060 CW RO 78.10 10.48 1.91 2.22 56.33 77.97 1.60 3063 CW RO 78.21 10.29 2.08 2.43 56.78 81.20 1.38 3065 DW RO 77.97 12.69 1.73 2.35 47.54 73.49 2.41 3064 CW RO 77.45 10.36 2.02 1.82 50.92 64.42 2.08

Range - - 75.62-79.96

9.53-12.69 1.23-2.08

1.68-2.51 36.84-56.78

52.00-87.63

1.17-2.92

Mean - - 77.66 11.11 1.74 2.17 49.72 73.88 1.86 S.E. + - - 3.30 0.55 0.16 0.20 3.02 4.85 0.28 C.D. at 5 % - - 9.92 1.65 0.48 0.61 9.08 14.55 0.85 Replications: 3: Grain colour: Creamy = C, Creamy White = CW, Dull White = DW, White = W, Brown = B, and Dull Black = DB. Grain Shape: Round = R, Oval/Oblong = O and Wrinkle = W.

Table 4: Organoleptic quality of roti prepared from different genotypes of Rabi-2018 (IAVHT-shallow soil) cultivars of sorghum (Solapur Center)

Genotype Water required

for dough (ml)

Kneading quality

Spreading quality




3054 80 1 1 8.10 8.20 8.00 8.10 16 3053 70 1 1 8.60 8.40 8.70 8.57 3 3072 80 1 1 7.80 8.40 8.60 8.27 10 3068 70 1 1 8.20 8.00 8.10 8.10 15 3066 70 1 1 8.60 7.90 8.00 8.17 13 3055 70 1 1 8.30 7.60 8.10 8.00 17 3058 70 1 1 8.70 8.30 8.80 8.60 2 3061 80 1 1 8.70 8.40 8.60 8.57 4 3051 80 1 1 8.20 7.90 8.40 8.17 14 3071 80 1 1 7.90 7.70 8.20 7.93 18 3062 80 1 1 8.80 8.50 8.40 8.57 5 3056 80 1 1 8.00 7.60 7.70 7.77 22 3059 80 1 1 8.50 8.40 8.10 8.33 8 3067 80 1 1 7.70 7.80 8.20 7.90 19 3052 80 1 1 8.40 8.50 8.30 8.40 6 3057 80 1 1 7.60 7.90 7.90 7.80 21 3070 80 1 1 9.00 8.60 8.50 8.70 1 3069 80 1 1 8.70 7.90 8.20 8.27 11 3060 70 1 1 8.20 8.20 8.20 8.20 12 3063 80 1 1 8.10 8.50 8.50 8.37 7 3065 80 1 1 7.80 8.00 7.70 7.83 20 3064 80 1 1 8.30 8.40 8.20 8.30 9

Range 70-80 - - 7.60-9.00 7.60-8.60 7.70-8.70 7.77-8.70 Mean 77 - - 8.28 8.14 8.25 8.22 S.E. + - - 0.61 0.45 0.41 0.40

C.D. at 5 %

- - 1.83 1.35 1.23 1.21




Table 5: Nutritional constituents responsible for roti quality prepared from different genotypes of Rabi -

2018 (IAVHT-Deep soil) cultivars of sorghum (Dharwad) Genotype/ Entry code

Colour of the grain


grain


Crude Protein

(%)

Soluble proteins

(%)

Total sugars

(%)

Starch (%)

Free amino acids

(mg/100g)

Phenolics (%)

1011 CW RO 77.27 9.31 1.25 1.36 49.08 74.65 1.64 1015 DW RO 75.29 10.02 1.77 2.10 59.64 83.07 1.86 1021 DW RO 78.96 9.32 1.42 1.86 56.11 80.85 1.55 1017 DW RO 77.61 10.82 1.74 2.13 57.57 56.62 1.98 1006 DW RO 78.46 11.24 1.52 2.41 47.76 59.29 2.50 1018 DW RO 76.91 9.54 1.41 1.73 53.65 75.90 1.62 1003 DW RO 78.51 11.48 1.15 2.58 46.30 53.39 2.71 1009 DW RO 77.01 9.30 1.20 1.47 55.36 81.27 1.23 1022 DW RO 77.03 9.35 1.56 1.75 52.11 69.05 1.95 1024 DW RO 77.22 9.41 1.24 1.50 54.67 89.58 1.23 1020 DW RO 76.44 12.32 1.69 2.25 51.78 65.23 2.59 1019 DW RO 77.15 11.88 1.72 2.25 49.36 67.49 2.92 1007 DW RO 75.92 11.55 1.60 1.96 48.69 56.96 2.34 1026 CW RO 75.45 12.04 1.41 2.17 45.83 67.89 2.56 1016 DW RO 76.17 12.19 1.41 2.08 49.28 62.80 2.32 1004 DW RO 74.92 10.81 1.43 1.80 52.35 58.83 2.20 1013 CW RO 76.16 12.28 1.36 2.18 50.75 68.60 2.31 1014 CW RO 76.47 11.94 1.16 2.19 46.74 65.03 2.27 1010 DW RO 72.98 9.40 1.46 2.01 59.04 82.17 1.57 1023 DW RO 73.55 10.00 1.61 1.72 56.37 65.55 1.70 1028 CW RO 77.35 11.56 1.02 2.45 45.66 81.24 2.83 1027 W W 75.79 11.72 0.78 2.72 45.57 78.03 2.92 1001 DW RO 74.02 11.77 0.87 1.87 41.80 64.77 2.07 1005 CW RO 77.96 11.51 0.84 2.35 41.52 67.52 2.63 1012 DW RO 75.87 11.61 0.77 2.47 43.18 88.55 2.86 1008 CW RO 77.35 11.85 0.79 2.53 46.00 82.61 2.49 1002 CW RO 76.47 11.15 1.10 2.26 43.61 90.22 2.55 1025 DW RO 77.07 11.11 1.36 2.44 42.99 58.90 2.30

Range - - 72.98-78.96

9.30-12.32

0.77-1.77

1.36-2.72

41.52-59.64

53.39-90.22 1.23-2.92

Mean - - 76.48 10.95 1.31 2.09 49.74 71.29 2.20 S.E. + - - 2.80 0.55 0.17 0.26 2.95 4.20 0.32 C.D. at 5 % - - 8.42 1.76 0.52 0.80 8.92 12.62 0.97 Replications: 3: Grain colour: Creamy = C, Creamy White = CW, Dull White = DW, White = W, Brown = B, and Dull Black = DB. Grain Shape: Round = R, Oval/Oblong = O and Wrinkle = W.

Table 6: Organoleptic quality of roti prepared from different genotypes of Rabi-2018 (IAVHT-deep soil) cultivars of sorghum (Dharwad Center)


Kneading quality

Spreading quality




1011 80 1 1 7.30 7.50 7.10 7.30 20 1015 70 1 1 6.70 7.00 7.20 6.97 27 1021 80 1 1 7.00 7.40 7.10 7.17 24 1017 75 1 1 8.50 7.40 8.00 7.97 8 1006 75 1 1 8.20 7.30 7.70 7.73 12 1018 85 1 1 8.00 7.30 7.70 7.67 15 1003 80 1 1 7.70 7.30 7.40 7.47 19 1009 80 1 1 8.90 7.70 7.80 8.13 4 1022 80 1 1 7.10 7.20 7.50 7.27 21 1024 80 1 1 7.90 7.40 7.70 7.67 14 1020 80 1 1 6.90 7.10 7.10 7.03 25




Kneading quality

Spreading quality




1019 85 1 1 6.90 7.30 7.40 7.20 22 1007 75 1 1 8.00 7.60 7.80 7.80 10 1026 85 1 1 8.60 7.30 7.80 7.90 9 1016 80 1 1 7.78 7.33 7.78 7.63 16 1004 80 1 1 7.67 7.67 7.44 7.59 17 1013 80 1 1 8.22 7.89 8.11 8.07 6 1014 80 1 1 7.33 7.44 7.67 7.48 18 1010 80 1 1 7.00 6.89 7.00 6.96 28 1023 80 1 1 6.78 7.56 7.22 7.19 23 1028 70 1 1 8.78 8.33 8.11 8.41 2 1027 80 1 1 8.44 8.22 7.67 8.11 5 1001 80 1 1 6.89 7.22 6.89 7.00 26 1005 80 1 1 8.22 8.22 8.00 8.15 3 1012 80 1 1 7.78 7.89 7.56 7.74 11 1008 80 1 1 8.67 7.22 7.22 7.70 13 1002 80 1 1 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 7 1025 85 1 1 8.56 8.67 8.33 8.52 1

Range 70-85 - - Mean 79.5 - - 7.78 7.55 7.58 7.64 S.E. + - - 0.55 0.46 0.41 0.44

C.D. at 5 % - - 1.66 1.40 1.24 1.33 Replications: 5 minimum: Kneading quality of dough, score: Good = 1, Fair = 2, Poor = 3. Spreading quality of roti, score: Easy spreading without crack = 1, Slightly difficult to spread with minute cracks = 2, Difficult to spread with cracks = 3. Sensory score: Like extremely (Excellent) - 9, Like very much (Very good) - 8, Like moderately - 7, Like slightly-6, Neither like nor dislike - 5, Dislikes lightly - 4, Dislike moderately - 3, Dislike very much - 2, Dislike extremely-1.

Table 7: Nutritional constituents responsible for roti quality prepared from different genotypes of Rabi -2018 (IAVHT-Deep soil) cultivars of sorghum (Rahuri)


Colour of the grain


grain


Crude Protein

(%)

Soluble proteins

(%)

Total sugars

(%)

Starch (%)

Free amino acids

(mg/100g)

Phenolics (%)

1017 DW RO 74.99 11.22 1.38 1.76 52.38 54.32 1.58 1005 DW RO 74.97 11.20 1.02 2.65 43.19 62.60 2.45 1001 CW RO 74.37 11.42 0.98 1.56 40.04 64.93 2.22 1022 DW RO 76.10 9.63 1.41 1.96 50.92 72.16 1.82 1011 CW RO 74.77 9.85 1.30 1.72 46.45 70.21 1.52 1012 DW RO 76.50 11.02 0.89 2.53 44.74 84.86 2.62 1019 DW RO 78.22 12.20 1.50 2.10 45.62 62.93 2.88 1004 DW RO 75.38 10.45 1.70 2.14 49.45 61.32 2.06 1010 DW RO 72.67 9.12 1.50 2.19 56.12 79.62 1.72 1008 DW RO 74.98 11.12 1.02 2.40 42.30 80.64 2.36 1021 DW RO 78.58 9.85 1.37 2.02 52.30 81.69 1.79 1024 DW RO 76.23 9.54 1.34 1.61 51.54 86.40 1.15 1018 CW RO 75.77 10.08 1.73 1.70 50.32 71.45 1.46 1023 DW RO 76.66 10.55 1.44 1.96 53.86 69.14 1.75 1002 CW RO 76.36 11.45 1.53 2.36 47.99 94.44 2.80 1009 CW RO 76.03 9.62 1.07 1.52 52.39 78.32 1.45 1015 CW RO 75.37 10.34 1.33 2.38 56.63 80.54 1.70 1003 DW RO 75.77 11.44 1.96 2.35 48.04 57.20 2.60 1027 CW W 75.54 11.62 0.92 2.89 42.78 72.45 2.83 1014 CW RO 75.68 11.54 1.38 2.39 43.33 62.32 2.41 1016 DW RO 77.17 12.45 1.19 2.40 44.25 66.42 2.12 1025 DW W 73.59 11.95 1.94 2.10 45.93 58.40 2.12 1013 CW RO 75.79 11.67 1.42 2.37 48.94 63.61 2.52 1006 DW RO 77.12 10.91 1.25 2.17 49.20 62.65 2.67 1026 DW RO 71.81 11.90 1.12 2.40 44.72 61.20 2.41



1020 CW RO 76.61 12.06 1.11 2.04 49.62 69.32 2.40 1007 CW RO 76.06 12.04 1.62 2.41 43.59 63.55 2.53 1028 CW RO 78.19 11.62 1.25 2.49 43.57 81.44 2.88

Range - - 72.98-78.96

9.12-12.45

0.89-1.96

1.52-2.89 40.04-56.63

54.32-94.44 1.15-2.88

Mean - - 75.76 11.00 1.35 2.16 47.86 70.50 2.17 S.E. + - - 2.80 0.60 0.21 0.31 2.85 3.98 0.42 C.D. at 5 % - - 8.42 1.82 0.64 0.89 8.58 11.96 1.26

Replications: 3: Grain colour: Creamy = C, Creamy White = CW, Dull White = DW, White = W, Brown = B, and Dull Black = DB. Grain Shape: Round = R, Oval/Oblong = O and Wrinkle = W.

Table 8: Organoleptic quality of roti prepared from different genotypes of Rabi-2018 (IAVHT-deep soil) cultivars of sorghum (Rahuri Center)


Kneading quality

Spreading quality




1017 70 1 1 7.67 7.44 7.44 7.52 17 1005 70 1 1 7.56 7.22 7.44 7.41 18 1001 70 1 1 7.56 8.00 8.11 7.89 10 1022 75 1 1 7.44 7.11 7.67 7.41 19 1011 70 1 1 7.11 7.56 7.44 7.37 22 1012 80 1 1 7.89 7.67 7.56 7.70 13 1019 80 1 1 9.00 8.44 8.33 8.59 2 1004 70 1 1 8.67 8.56 8.22 8.48 5 1010 80 1 1 7.56 7.56 7.00 7.37 21 1008 80 1 1 7.22 7.56 7.11 7.30 23 1021 80 1 1 8.89 8.67 8.56 8.70 1 1024 80 1 1 8.78 8.11 8.56 8.48 4 1018 80 1 1 8.44 8.33 8.44 8.41 6 1023 80 1 1 8.67 8.33 8.67 8.56 3 1002 70 1 1 8.00 7.38 7.22 7.53 16 1009 70 1 1 8.11 7.63 7.44 7.73 12 1015 80 1 1 8.22 7.75 7.11 7.69 14 1003 70 1 1 7.22 8.00 7.78 7.67 15 1027 80 1 1 6.67 7.50 7.22 7.13 25 1014 70 1 1 7.22 7.00 7.11 7.11 26 1016 70 1 1 8.00 7.75 7.78 7.84 11 1025 90 1 1 7.11 6.88 6.67 6.88 28 1013 85 1 1 7.22 7.88 7.11 7.40 20 1006 60 1 1 6.89 7.63 6.56 7.02 27 1026 75 1 1 7.67 7.38 6.78 7.27 24 1020 80 1 1 8.44 8.25 7.78 8.16 9 1007 65 1 1 8.78 8.50 7.89 8.39 7 1028 60 1 1 8.44 8.13 8.00 8.19 8

Range 70-85 - - 6.67-9.00 6.88-8.67 6.56-8.67 6.88-8.70 Mean 74.5 - - 7.87 7.79 7.61 7.76 S.E. + - - 0.51 0.44 0.40 0.47

C.D. at 5 %

- - 1.54 1.33 1.22 1.42




Status of DUS testing in sorghum and PPV&FRA registrations

Hariprasanna K., P. Suresh, Amasiddha B. and C. Deepika ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad – 500030 ([email protected])

Introduction: A system for protection of new varieties of plants, the rights of plant breeders and farmers got established in India with the enactment of “The Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights (PPV&FR) Act, 2001” (53 of 2001) by the Indian Government in 2001. The PPV&FR Authority was established in 2005 to implement the provisions of the Act. The Act confers the protection to a new variety through registration if it conforms to the criteria of novelty, Distinctiveness, Uniformity and Stability (DUS) established through a field test conducted by a designated DUS test centre. The Govt. of India has notified 157 crops/species so far for registration under the Act under the category of new/extant/farmers’ variety. Sorghum was one among the first set of crops notified in 2007. The general and specific guidelines for DUS testing in sorghum was published by the PPV&FR Authority in Plant Variety Journal of India on 20th

Table 1. Candidate varieties undergone DUS testing since 2008

February, 2007 (PVJ, 2007) leading to registration of sorghum varieties and protection of rights of sorghum breeders. Status of DUS testing: The first DUS testing trial in sorghum for the purpose of registration of varieties was taken up during kharif 2008. So far 192 candidate varieties have undergone DUS testing during the last 18 seasons since 2008, and 10 varieties were characterized for DUS traits during rabi 2018-19 season. The category of candidate varieties and contribution from public and private sector are given season-wise in Table 1 and Fig. 1, respectively. Out of the candidate varieties tested, 49% were new, 17% were extant/variety of common knowledge (VCK) and 34% were farmers’ varieties. Among the new varieties private sector has contributed more entries (35%) compared to public sector (14%), whereas, in case of extant/VCK more varieties have come from public sector (13%) compared to private sector (4%).

Year New Ext/VCK FV Total 2008 (Kharif) 9 0 0 9 2008 (Rabi) 1 0 0 1 2009 (Kharif) 6 0 0 6 2010 (Kharif) 8 2 0 10 2011 (Kharif) 14 0 0 14 2011 (Rabi) 2 3 0 5 2012 (Kharif) 7 20 1 28 2012 (Rabi) 5 2 0 7 2013 (Kharif) 9 6 0 15 2013 (Rabi) 3 1 0 4 2014 (Kharif) 6 0 4 10

Year New Ext/VCK FV Total 2014 (Rabi) 3 0 1 4 2015 (Kharif) 13 0 0 13 2015 (Rabi) 0 0 4 4 2016 (Kharif) 11 0 0 11 2016 (Rabi) 2 0 7 9 2017 (Kharif) 1 0 0 1 2017 (Rabi) 0 0 41 41 2018 (Rabi) 0 0 10 10 Total 100 34 68 202

Ext: Extant; VCK: Variety of Common Knowledge; FV: Farmers’ Variety

Figure 1. Contribution of candidate varieties from public and private sector



Genotype-wise, cultivars constituted more than 65% of the candidate varieties tested and rest were parental lines. Among the cultivars farmers’ varieties had a major share (51.5%) followed by open pollinated varieties (26.5%) and hybrids (22%). Restorer lines (50%) were higher in proportion among the parental lines, followed by male sterile lines (31.4%) and maintainer lines (18.6%). The Private sector is more active in developing and registering the hybrids compared to public sector while public sector has concentrated more on open pollinated varieties. The private sector applied more restorer and male sterile lines for registration than the public sector, while majority of the male sterility maintainer (B) lines have come from public sector (Fig. 2).

Figure 2. Classification of candidate varieties undergone DUS testing since 2008

Analysis of claimed distinct traits: The candidate varieties undergone DUS testing (excluding most of the farmers’ varieties) were analyzed for the number of distinct traits claimed as per the application. The number of traits claimed as distinct in each of the candidate varieties for assessment of distinctness in comparison to the reference variety varied from 2 (AKR 150, BGS 802) to 22 (SYN-SR-Dairy Green, SYN-SR-MLSFR 0179) with a median of 7, mode of 6, and mean of 8 traits. Out of 140 candidate varieties analyzed, in 97 the number of traits claimed as distinct varied from 2 to 8, while rest 43 had 9 to 22 traits as distinct. The more commonly claimed characteristics were panicle density followed by glume colour, panicle shape, total height of the plant and caryopsis colour after threshing. Among these, three traits were used for grouping of the varieties (Ch# 15, Ch# 22 and Ch# 26) also. The deviation from the claims (by the applicant) was mostly observed in these traits viz., panicle density and shape, plant height and time of panicle emergence. The characteristics that were claimed less in general were colour of vitreous albumen in grain, length of branches in panicle, anther length and grain threshability. Less variation in these traits or difficulty in characterization of some of the traits or more subjectivity would be the reason behind minimum claims or deviation of observations from the claims. Claiming distinctness for traits that are claimed less so far enhances the chances of qualifying the DUS test, and sorghum breeders may concentrate on such traits in future along with yield improvement. Reference variety maintenance: A reference variety collection comprising 130 genotypes are being maintained for comparing the candidate varieties for DUS traits at IIMR. The collection comprises of 83 open pollinated varieties, 16 restorer lines, 12 male sterile and maintainer pairs, and seven hybrids. Maintenance breeding is being carried out for these reference varieties every year in the field through strict selfing or controlled pollination. Since 2008, a total of 72 reference varieties out of 130 maintained have been used in DUS testing of candidate varieties. Some of the reference varieties were used more frequently or for more number of candidate varieties compared to others (Table 2). For example, the restorer lines, C 43 and RS 29 have been used as reference for large number of candidate varieties, while short duration CMS line AKMS 14A has been claimed as reference variety for maximum number of male sterile lines. The short duration hybrid CSH 14 among the hybrids was used as reference for 15 candidate varieties while another popular hybrid CSH 16 was used as reference for 10 candidate varieties. Among the open pollinated varieties CSV 15 has been claimed as reference variety for 12 candidate varieties, while M 35-1 has been used in case of 11 candidate varieties (excluding farmers’ varieties) as reference variety. Out of 72 reference varieties, 26 were used as reference in case of single candidate variety only.

Table 2. Reference varieties used since 2008 against the candidate varieties (excluding farmers’ varieties)

Reference variety No. of candidate varieties C 43 18 AKMS 14A, RS 29 17 CSH 14 15 CS 3541, 27A 13 CSV 15, AKR 150 12 M 35-1 11 Indore 12, CSH 16 10 CSH 9 9



Reference variety No. of candidate varieties 296A, AKMS 14B, 2077B 8 CSV 216R, PVK 400 7 CSV 14R, 296B, CSV 20 6 2219B, CSH 20MF, CSV 23 5 GFS 4, 27B, CSH 18, RS 585, CSH 23 4 Phule Maulee, Parbani Dagadi, CSH 15R 3 15 Nos. 2 26 Nos. 1

Reference variety database: The DUS trait database of 128 reference varieties has been maintained at IIMR and every year the database is enriched with seasonal data. Some of the reference varieties were grown repeatedly ranging from 3-14 seasons. For example, the restorer RS 29 has been planted for 14 seasons since 2008. The reference varieties that are grown for more than 3 seasons are listed in Table 3. The database of reference variety helps in choosing appropriate reference varieties for new candidate varieties before DUS testing even when the applicant does not provide the exact reference variety(s), and also in assessing the stability of the trait(s) across seasons.

Table 3. Reference varieties planted for > 3 seasons

Reference variety No. of seasons RS 29 14 C 43 11 AKR 150, AKMS 14A, 27A 10 CS 3541, CSH 14, CSH 16 9 Indore 12, AKMS 14B 8 CSV 15, PVK 400, 296B, M 35-1 7 296A, CSV 216R, P. Maulee, 2219B, 2077B, CSH 18 6 CSV 14R, 27B, CSH 15R, RS 585, CSV 20, CSV 23 5 CSH 9, GFS 4, IMS 9A, IMS 9B, P.Dagadi, CSH 20MF, CSH 22SS 4 7B, JJ 1022, JJ 1041, Man T1, RS 673, CSH 23, JJ 741 3

Status of sorghum variety registration A total of 134 sorghum varieties have been registered till date and certificate of registration have been issued (PPV&FRA, 2019a). Out of 134, 83 are public sector bred varieties and 47 are private sorghum varieties. The category of registered varieties and share of different agencies in registering the sorghum varieties is given in Table 4. The ICAR stands first with 54 certificates (20 new and 34 extant varieties) to its credit among the public sector agencies. Out of these 15 are for hybrids, 14 for varieties and 25 for parental lines. Among the State Agricultural Universities MPKV, Rahuri has registered maximum number of varieties (8) followed by TNAU (6). Among private sector, M/s Kaveri Seed Company Ltd. holds largest number (17) of registration certificates. The protection period of 22 varieties has ended so far (Table 5) and for seven varieties, it will end in the next 3 years (Table 6). Notice on Plant Breeders’ Rights: The PPV&FRA has issued a notice on 23rd

Year

January 2019 to all the registered breeders on the subject of price fixation of seed of registered varieties and trait value fixation per variety (PPV&FRA, 2019b). All the concerned agencies are directed to suitably revise the procedures in place for these processes in case of the varieties registered under PPV&FR Act, 2001 during the period of their protection. The sale and sale price fixation by National and State Seed Corporations/Seed production agencies and private or public seed producers other than farmers on any category of seed of a registered variety shall henceforth be taken up under Section 28 of PPV&FR Act, 2001 only with the authorization of registered breeder or his assignee to his agent, in Form 1A of PPV&FR Regulations (2006). The said authorized person/agency must register with the PPV&FR Authority as agent/licensee of the registered breeder in the Form PV-9 accompanied with a fee of Rs. 15,000/- per registered variety. The registered agent or licensee is also bound to pay annual fee where applicable, under the Act to the National Gene Fund. The registered breeder or his assignee receiving royalty from the registered agent or registered licensee must contribute to the National Gene Fund. Further, as per PPV&FR Rules, 2003 the registered breeder/agent/licensee must provide the seeds to farmers in time for planting to satisfy their requirements at a reasonable market price. Farmers, however, have the rights to save, use, sow, re-sow, sell, share or exchange the seed/planting material of the registered varieties in an unbranded manner but are liable to be prosecuted if they pack and sell any registered variety in a branded manner without the authorization of the registered breeder/agent.

Table 4. Sorghum varieties registered in the Plant Varieties Registry (till 28.02.2019)

No. of varieties

Category Public Private New Extant/ VCK FV

2009 12 - 12 - ICAR (11) JK Agri (1) 2010 1 - 1 - ICAR (1) -



Year No. of varieties

Category Public Private New Extant/ VCK FV

2011 6 4 2 - Dr. PDKV (2) MAHYCO (2), JK Agri (1), Devgen (1) 2012 15 1 14 - TNAU (5), GBPUA&T (1), RVSKVV

(1), MKV (2), MPUA&T (1), MPKV (3) MAHYCO (1), Devgen (1)

2013 10 3 7 - TNAU (1), ICAR (3), ANGRAU (1) MAHYCO (2), JK Agri (2), Devgen (1) 2014 54 25 28 1 ICAR (27), MPKV (3), MAU (1),

RVSKVV (1), CCSHAU (1) Kaveri (8), Devgen (5), Bayer (2), Nuziveedu (2), Hytech (1), JK Agri (1), Nirmal (1)

2015 14 6 8 - ICAR (4), ANGRAU (2), Dr. PDKV (1) Kaveri (3), Devgen (2), Nirmal (1), Nuziveedu (1)

2016 17 14 - 3 ICAR (7) Kaveri (5), Nirmal (1), MAHYCO (1) 2017 5 4 1 - MPKV (2), ICAR (1), Dr. PDKV (1) Kaveri (1) Total 134 57 73 4 83 (New: 22, VCK/Extant: 61) 47 (New: 35, VCK/Extant: 12)

Table 5. Sorghum varieties whose protection period ended

S. No.

Registration No.

Date of grant Denomination of the candidate variety

Name of applicant Protection ended on

1. 3 of 2009 12.02.09 JKSH-22 (JKSH-161) JK Agri Genetics Ltd 16.09.2012 2. 32 of 2009 12.02.09 CSH-13 ICAR 08.09.2012 3. 33 of 2009 12.02.09 CSH-16 (SPH 723) ICAR 08.09.2012 4. 34 of 2009 12.02.09 CSH-18 (SPH-960) ICAR 25.10.2014 5. 55 of 2009 16.04.09 CSV 216 (Phule Yashoda) (SPV-1359) ICAR 12.09.2015 6. 102 of 2009 20.07.09 CSH-15R (SPH 677) ICAR 31.12.2010 7. 103 of 2009 20.07.09 CSH-17 (SPH-660) ICAR 07.06.2014 8. 109 of 2009 20.07.09 CSV-15 ICAR 19.05.2011 9. 163 of 2009 21.12.09 Pant Chari-5 (UPFS-32) ICAR 25.10.2014

10. 38 of 2010 20.10.2010 Haryana Chari-308 ICAR 31.12.2010 11. 7 of 2012 16.01.2012 APK-1 TNAU, Coimbatore 16.09.2012 12. 16 of 2012 04.04.2012 Pant Chari-4 GBPUA&T, Pantnagar 30.04.2012 13. 17 of 2012 04.04.2012 Jawahar Jowar 1041 RVSKVV, Gwalior 07.06.2014 14. 19 of 2012 04.04.2012 BSR-1 TNAU, Coimbatore 30.04.2012 15. 20 of 2012 04.04.2012 CO(S)-28 TNAU, Coimbatore 14.11.2016 16. 21 of 2012 04.04.2012 K-11 TNAU, Coimbatore 03.02.2019 17. 22 of 2012 04.04.2012 Paiyur-2 TNAU, Coimbatore 01.02.2016 18. 73 of 2012 02.07.2012 Pratap Jawar-1430 (SPV-1430) MPUA&T, Udaipur 03.02.2019 19. 76 of 2012 02.07.2012 Parbhani Sweta (PVK-801) (SPV-1333) MAU, Parbhani 12.09.2015 20. 108 of 2013 02.07.2013 Co(FS)29 TNAU, Coimbatore 14.11.2016 21. 269 of 2013 16.12.2013 Nandyal Tella Jonna-3 (NTJ-3) ANGRAU 12.09.2015 22. 642 of 2014 1.10.2014 CSH 19R (SPH 1010R) ICAR 12.09.2015

Table 6. Sorghum varieties whose protection period ends in next 3 years

S. No.

Registration No.

Date of grant Denomination of the candidate variety

Name of applicant Protection up to

1. 132 of 2009 21.12.2009 CSH-22SS (NSSH-104) ICAR 04.11.2020 2. 133 of 2009 21.12.2009 CSH-20-MF (UPMCH-1101) ICAR 24.08.2020 3. 144 of 2009 21.12.2009 RSSV-9 (CSV-19SS) ICAR 24.08.2020 4. 18 of 2012 04.04.2012 Parbhani Moti (PVR-396/SPV-1411) MAU, Parbhani 01.02.2020 5. 74 of 2012 02.07.2012 Uttara (RSSGV-3) MPKV, Rahuri 05.02.2022 6. 77 of 2012 02.07.2012 RSLG-262 (Maulee) MPKV, Rahuri 05.02.2022 7. 136 of 2012 19.09.2012 CSH-21 (MCSH-151) (SPH-1342) Devgen N.V., Belgium 24.08.2020

Suggested references 1. Dhillon BS, et al. 2006. Crop improvement programmes in India –emerging scenario. Current science 90(6): 780-783. 2. Hariprasanna K., Suresh P. and Vilas A. Tonapi. 2018. Status of DUS Testing in Sorghum and Registration of Varieties Under

PPV&FR Act, 2001. Book of Abstracts, 1st National Genetics Congress on “Genetics for Sustainable Food, Health and Nutrition Security”, December 14-16, 2018, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012. pp. 387.

3. PVJ, 2007. Plant Variety Journal of India,1(1): 192-201 (http://www.plantauthority.gov.in/pdf/EnglishPart.pdf) 4. PPV&FRA, 2019a. http://plantauthority.gov.in/List_of_Certificates.htm 5. PPV&FRA, 2019b. http://plantauthority.gov.in/pdf/noticeonPlant-BR-29-01-2019.pdf

http://plantauthority.gov.in/pdf/noticeonPlant-BR-29-01-2019.pdf�



Compositional grain quality of sorghum varieties & hybrids evaluated under advanced trial

CV Ratnavathi and R Venkateswarlu

Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad – 500030 ([email protected])

Introduction: Sorghum and millets have been important staples in the semi-arid tropics of Asia and Africa acting as principal sources of energy, protein, vitamins and minerals. Sorghum is considered as a nutritious coarse cereal grain that is richer to rice and wheat for many nutritional components, especially dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals. Sorghum is also rich in Magnesium and its grain starch is slow digestible and is important attribute for recommending the cereal in the diet for diabetic population. The grains produced during rainy season attract low market value because of physical quality deterioration due to mold, but chemical quality does not always get affected significantly. Since the grain productivity is high during kharif season, and also due to the nutritional superiority the demand for the utilization of grain towards human food is increasing. Hence, grain quality evaluation of new kharif grown varieties and hybrids assume significance apart from superiority for grain yield`. Grain samples from varieties and hybrids evaluated under the advanced trial of AICSIP were analyzed for chemical quality parameters. The percent protein and starch are the two major constituents of grain affecting the quality in sorghum. Protein and Starch, were determined in the randomly collected replicated grain samples from the entries evaluated during kharif 2018 at three locations viz., Akola, Coimbatore and Udaipur respectively. The results of advanced hybrid trial are presented in Table 1.1 and advanced varietal trial is presented in Table 1. 2. Advanced Hybrid Trial (Table-1.1): The data on percent protein and starch in 6 test hybrids along with 3 check hybrids (CSH 16, CSH 25 and CSH 30) and one local check genotype from Akola, Udaipur and Coimbatore locations is presented in Table 1.1.

Protein: The mean protein content varied from 9.66% (SPH 1849) to 11.56% (SPH 1885). At location Akola, the range of protein was 8.44% (SPH 1883) to 10.33% (SPH1885). In location Coimbatore protein content ranges from 11.06% (SPH 1849) to 13.98% (CSH16). In Coimbatore most of the samples showed more protein as compared to the other locations. In Location Udaipur the protein content ranged from 8.65% (CSH 30) to 11.69 (CSH 16). Among the six test entries SPH 1885 and CSH 16 are having higher protein content, 11.56% and 11.51% respectively, superior to check genotypes CSH 30, CSH 25 and Local Check genotypes. (Table-1.1).

Starch: The mean starch content of the two locations varied from 59.25% (SPH 1885) to 67.12 % (SPH 1886). The starch content significantly varied across locations. The starch content in Akola ranges from 56.87% (SPH 1885) to 69.20% (SPH 1849) and in location Coimbatore the starch content ranges from 61.64% (SPH 1885) to 69.65% (CSH 30). Out of six test hybrids one test hybrid (SPH 1886-68.82%) is on par to 2 check genotypes CSH16, CSH 30 with mean starch content (Table-1.1) Advanced Varietal Trial (Table-1.2): The data on percent protein and starch in 10 test varieties along with 4 check varieties and one local check genotype from Akola, Udaipur and Coimbatore locations is presented in Table 1.2. Ten grain sorghum varieties were compared for two grain quality parameters with five checks including one local check.

Protein: The mean protein content varied from 9.07% (CSV 27) to 11.73% (SPV 2438). At location Akola, all samples showed very low protein and it ranged from 8.00% (CSV 31) to 10.88% (SPV 2438). At location Coimbatore protein content ranges from 9.90% (SPV 2423) to 14.02% (CSV 17). In Location Udaipur the protein content ranged from 8.29% (SPV 2504) to 11.90% (SPV 2438). SPV 2438 showed mean protein content 11.73% and is superior to all the checks as well as other test entries.

Starch:

• Protein and starch content in the samples from Coimbatore is high.

The mean starch content of the two locations varied from 62.92% (SPV 2425) to 67.55 % (CSV 27). The starch content in Akola ranges from 60.27% (SPV 2433) to 65.65 % (CSV 20) and at Coimbatore location the starch content ranges from 61.71% (Local check) to 71.06% (CSV 31). The test varieties SPV 2423, SPV 2437, SPV 2499 are superior to check genotypes except CSV 31 with high mean starch content (Table 1.2) Major observations:

• Test hybrids SPH 1885 & SPH 1846 are good for protein and SPH 1886 & SPH 1883 are good for starch content. • Test variety SPV 2438 and SPV 2498 are good for protein and varieties SPV 2423 and SPV 2437 are good for

starch content.

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Table 1.1 Advanced hybrid trial Kharif 2018 grain quality

Protein(%) Starch(%) Sl. Akola Coimbatore Udaipur Average Akola Coimbatore Average No Entry R R R R R R R 1 SPH 1846 10.02 2 12.67 6 9.82 5 10.84 4 67.23 3 63.11 8 65.17 6 2 SPH 1849 9.01 5 11.06 10 8.90 9 9.66 10 69.20 1 64.03 6 66.61 3 3 SPH 1883 8.44 10 13.02 3 9.77 6 10.41 6 68.22 2 65.84 4 67.03 2 4 SPH 1885 10.33 1 12.79 4 11.54 2 11.56 1 56.87 10 61.64 10 59.25 10 5 SPH 1886 9.17 3 11.73 8 10.42 4 10.44 5 65.42 5 68.82 3 67.12 1 6 SPH 1888 9.00 6 12.69 5 9.38 8 10.36 7 62.09 7 63.60 7 62.84 8 7 CSH 16 8.86 7 13.98 1 11.69 1 11.51 2 62.70 6 69.20 2 65.95 4 8 CSH 25 8.77 8 11.19 9 9.56 7 9.84 9 58.31 9 65.50 5 61.90 9 9 CSH 30 9.02 4 12.52 7 8.65 10 10.06 8 61.94 8 69.65 1 65.79 5 10 Local Check 8.69 9 13.40 2 10.58 3 10.89 3 66.40 4 63.07 9 64.74 7

LOC. MEAN 9.13 12.51 10.03 10.56 63.84 65.44 64.64 C.D. (5%) 1.73 1.30 1.02 1.23 3.38 4.40 7.99 C.D. (1%) 2.36 1.78 1.39 1.68 4.64 6.03 11.48 C.V. (%) 11.02 6.04 5.92 6.78 3.09 3.92 5.46 F (Probability) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.47

Table1.2 Advanced varietal trial kharif 2018 grain quality

Protein (%) Starch (%)

Sl. Akola Coimbatore Udaipur Average Akola Coimbatore Average No Entry R R R R R R R 1 SPV 2296 9.04 6 11.46 4 9.61 9 10.04 6 65.11 2 61.78 14 63.45 13 2 SPV 2423 9.19 4 9.90 15 10.94 2 10.01 7 64.59 6 70.50 3 67.54 2 3 SPV 2433 8.88 7 11.34 5 10.08 5 10.10 5 60.27 14 65.94 10 63.11 14 4 SPV 2437 8.84 9 10.63 8 9.69 8 9.72 10 63.91 9 70.58 2 67.24 3 5 SPV 2438 10.88 1 12.42 2 11.90 1 11.73 1 63.98 8 68.01 7 66.00 6 6 SPV 2498 9.44 3 12.23 3 9.19 10 10.29 3 64.96 3 66.42 9 65.69 7 7 SPV 2499 8.86 8 10.02 14 9.06 11 9.31 11 64.89 4 68.36 5 66.62 4 8 SPV 2504 8.67 11 10.38 11 8.29 15 9.11 14 63.07 12 68.05 6 65.56 9 9 SPV 2505 9.17 5 11.02 6 10.15 4 10.11 4 63.15 11 63.79 13 63.47 12 10 SPV 2510 8.57 13 10.04 13 8.96 12 9.19 12 63.45 10 64.58 12 64.02 11 11 CSV 31 8.00 15 11.00 7 8.50 13 9.17 13 60.96 13 71.06 1 66.01 5 12 CSV 27 8.71 10 10.11 12 8.40 14 9.07 15 64.81 5 70.29 4 67.55 1 13 CSV 20 8.65 12 10.54 10 10.06 6 9.75 9 63.15 11 67.67 8 65.41 10 14 CSV 17 9.88 2 14.02 1 10.00 7 11.30 2 65.65 1 65.66 11 65.65 8 15 Local Check 8.44 14 10.58 9 10.27 3 9.77 8 64.13 7 61.71 15 62.92 15

LOC. MEAN 9.01 11.05 9.67 9.91 63.74 66.96 65.35 C.D. (5%) 0.77 1.39 1.36 1.13 3.05 4.37 5.47 C.D. (1%) 1.04 1.88 1.84 1.52 4.11 5.89 7.60 C.V. (%) 5.10 7.53 8.42 6.81 2.86 3.90 3.90

F

(Probability) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.67



Compositional grain quality of initial specialty sorghum varietal trial 2018

CV Ratnavathi and R Venkateswarlu Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad – 500030 ([email protected])

Introduction Free radicals are derived form of oxygen and nitrogen, they are effective agents of oxidative stress related to pathogenesis of various degenerative diseases. Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance in favor of free radicals as a result of increase in production or depletion of antioxidant moieties. The Oxidative stress is considered to be the contributory factor in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases and also initiates and promotes the progression of a number of chronic diseases such as diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, cataract and inflammation. Therefore the intake of phenolic compounds is thought to have more health benefits such as reducing oxidative stress and providing anti-inflammatory, anti -carcinogenic properties. Awareness on natural antioxidants and usage in food products have increased recently because of uncertainty about long term usage of artificial antioxidants such as Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). In addition to their long term protection and ability to enhance food quality, these natural antioxidants can also act as good scavengers of free radicals that are produced in biological systems and provide additional health benefits to consumers. Cereals contain wide variety of phytochemical agents such as polyphenols, tannins and flavonoids. Among all cereals, maize and red sorghum were found to have high polyphenolic content. Sorghum grain has reported to contain flavonoids, anthocyanins, and tannins. sorghum grain phytochemicals gained lot of interest due to their scavenging activity, nutraceutical property, anti-obese property, preservative property and other health benefits. Hence, sorghum polyphenols could serves as good therapeutic agents. Improvement of coloured sorghum genotypes with enhanced yield and antioxidant properties in terms of tannins and also protein were evaluated under this trial. The percent protein and tannins are the two major constituents of grain affecting the quality in coloured sorghums /specialty sorghums. Protein and Tannins were determined in the randomly collected replicated grain samples from the entries evaluated during kharif 2018 at two locations viz., Akola and Palem. The results of Initial Specialty sorghum varietal trail are presented in Table 1.1. Initial Specialty Sorghum Varietal Trail (Table-1.1): The data on percent protein and tannins in 25 test varieties along with 2 checks (CSV 20 and CSV 17) from Akola and Palem locations is presented in Table 1.1. Protein: The mean protein content varied from 7.84% (CSV 20) to 15.18% (SPV 2630). At location Akola, the range of protein was 7.84% (CSV 20) to 14.69% (SPV 2628). In location Palem protein content ranges from 9.38% (SPV 2618) to 15.91% (SPV 2630). In Palem most of the samples showed more protein as compared to Akola. Among the twenty five test entries SPV 2630 and SPV 2628 are having higher protein content, 15.91% and 13.66% respectively, superior to all check genotypes CSV 20, CSV 17. (Table-1.1). Tannins:

• Protein and tannin content in the samples from Palem is high.

Mean tannin content is expressed as Catechin Equivalents.The mean tannin content of the two locations varied from 0.80 mg CE/g (CSV 20) to 10.14 mg CE/g (SPV 2628). The tannin content significantly varied across locations. The tannin content in Akola ranges from 0.49 mg CE/g (SPV 2614) to 19.29 mg CE/g (SPV 2628) and in location Palem the tannin content ranges from 0.55 mg CE/g (CSV 20) to 10.01 mg CE/g (SPV 2627). Out of twenty five test varieties (SPV 2628-10.14 mg CE/g) is superior including check genotypes CSV20, CSV 17 with mean tannin content (Table-1.1) Major observations:

• Test Variety SPV 2630 & SPV 2628 are good for protein and SPV 2628 & SPH 2624 are good for tannin content. .

mailto:[email protected]�



Table.1.1 Initial Specialty Sorghum Varietal Trial – Grain Quality

S. No

Kharif 2018 Protein (%) Tannins (mg Catechin Equivalents/g) AKOLA PALEM Average AKOLA PALEM Average

Entry R R R R R R 1 SPV 2317 10.56 13 11.53 17 11.05 16 4.06 8 1.49 22 2.78 12 2 SPV 2612 9.00 23 10.75 22 9.88 24 5.14 5 3.82 6 4.48 7 3 SPV 2613 10.94 11 11.81 14 11.38 13 0.85 22 3.19 10 2.02 19 4 SPV 2614 9.78 18 11.94 13 10.86 19 0.49 26 2.07 19 1.28 25 5 SPV 2615 11.06 8 12.81 6 11.94 7 0.97 21 3.57 8 2.27 17 6 SPV 2616 10.50 14 11.56 16 11.03 17 4.86 7 3.05 11 3.95 9 7 SPV 2617 9.56 19 10.69 23 10.13 23 - 5.41 3 5.41 5 8 SPV 2618 9.25 22 9.38 27 9.31 26 5.03 6 2.98 13 4.01 8 9 SPV 2619 10.22 15 12.69 8 11.46 12 2.51 11 3.49 9 3.00 11

10 SPV 2620 10.97 10 13.06 4 12.02 6 0.59 24 1.29 23 0.94 26 11 SPV 2621 9.38 21 10.06 26 9.72 25 1.41 17 1.88 21 1.65 23 12 SPV 2622 11.28 5 12.25 12 11.77 9 1.99 15 2.03 20 2.01 20 13 SPV 2623 12.16 3 13.66 2 12.91 3 5.43 4 2.18 18 3.81 10 14 SPV 2624 11.00 9 11.63 15 11.31 14 13.22 2 2.37 16 7.80 2 15 SPV 2625 10.97 10 12.50 11 11.74 10 2.43 12 2.18 18 2.31 16 16 SPV 2626 9.41 20 13.00 5 11.21 15 2.28 13 2.68 14 2.48 14 17 SPV 2627 11.22 6 10.09 25 10.66 21 2.98 10 10.01 1 6.49 3 18 SPV 2628 14.69 1 12.63 10 13.66 2 19.29 1 0.99 24 10.14 1 19 SPV 2629 10.88 12 11.03 20 10.96 18 3.41 9 0.85 25 2.13 18 20 SPV 2630 14.44 2 15.91 1 15.18 1 1.02 20 2.24 17 1.63 24 21 SPV 2631 11.13 7 12.69 9 11.91 8 0.82 23 3.00 12 1.91 22 22 SPV 2632 10.19 16 11.13 19 10.66 20 1.48 16 2.41 15 1.95 21 23 SPV 2633 9.84 17 11.31 18 10.58 22 0.57 25 4.15 5 2.36 15 24 SPV 2634 10.94 11 13.59 3 12.27 5 2.24 14 6.77 2 4.50 6 25 Paiyur 2 12.16 3 11.03 21 11.59 11 7.91 3 4.42 4 6.17 4 26 CSV 20 7.84 24 10.13 24 8.99 27 1.04 19 0.55 26 0.80 27 27 CSV 17 11.94 4 12.72 7 12.33 4 1.35 18 3.76 7 2.56 13

LOC. MEAN 10.79 11.91 11.35 3.59 3.07 3.33 C.D. (5%) 0.94 0.74 1.76 2.18 2.16 7.14 C.D. (1%) 1.26 0.98 2.38 2.91 2.88 9.66 C.V. (%) 5.34 3.78 7.54 37.06 42.97 105.50 F (Probability) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.68



Report on monitoring of AICSIP trials during kharif 2018

AV Umakanth ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad – 500030 ([email protected])

Introduction: During Kharif 2018, AICSIP trials were monitored from September to November, 2018. Seventeen AICRP centres on sorghum were monitored by IIMR scientists for proper conduct of the trials, prevalence of biotic and abiotic stresses and other relevant issues. Composition of the monitoring teams is presented in Table 1.

Table 1. Details of the monitoring teams for AICSIP trials during kharif 2018 Clusters Locations Plant Breeding Crop protection Crop production Team Leader Cluster-I Parbhani, AKola Bharat Davda (Surat) K K Sharma

G Shyam Prasad Ravi Kumar K K Sharma

Cluster-II Solapur and Rahuri SP Mehtre (Parbhani) Gholve (Parbhani) Ravi Kumar Ravi Kumar Cluster-III Dharwad R B Ghorade (Akola) Sonalkar (Akola) Swarna Ronenki R B Ghorade Cluster-IV Chamarajnagar S T Kajjidoni

(Dharwad) K Srinivas Babu S S Rao S S Rao

Cluster-V Coimbatore K Hari Prasanna I K Das

Krishnamurthy (Hagari) K Hari Prasanna

Cluster-VI Indore Aruna Yogendra Singh (Pantnagar) Vadivel Aruna Cluster-VII Udaipur, Deesa and

Surat Dr Bharat Davda and K N Ganapathy

Chattannavar (Dharwad); Mohd Ilyas (Parbhani)

Kubsad (Dharwad) Dr Bharat Davda & K N Ganapathy

Cluster-VIII Pantnagar, Ludhiana, Hisar

A V Umakanth G Shyam Prasad U S Tiwana A V Umakanth

Cluster-IX Palem B Venkatesh Bhat

A Kalaisekhar Swarna Ronenki B Venkatesh Bhat

Cluster-X Nandyal and Hagari R Madhusudhana and C Aruna

-

Ravi Kumar R Madhusudhana

The reports submitted by various monitoring teams are summarized center-wise below: 1. RAHURI Date of Monitoring: 3rd

Sr. No.

September 2018 General Information: MPKV, Rahuri Centre received 275 mm rainfall from June to August 2018 in 14 rainy days, the AICSIP centre has conducted two trials viz. Initial cum advanced sweet sorghum varietal and hybrid trial, High biomass sorghum trial. Both trials were sown on 03.07.2018 in general overall crop stand was satisfactory at vegetative stage except few entries have low population due to poor germination. Shoot fly attack was optimum. Two trial of single cut forage was conducted at AICRP on Forage, MPKV, Rahuri in general over all crop stand and growth was satisfactory at vegetative stage both trial were sown on 06.07.2018 few entries showed tolerance against pest and diseases details are as below.

Trial No of genotypes Promising entries AICSIP, MPKV, Rahuri

1 Initial cum Advanced Sweet Sorghum Varietal and Hybrid Trial

19 RI – 8010, 8011, 8012, 8016; R II – 8051, 8061, 8066, 8067, R III – 8103, 8105, 8106, 8117,

2 High biomass sweet sorghum varietal and hybrid trial

11 R I – 9002; R II – 9052, 9057 R III – 9101

AICRP on Forage, MPKV, Rahuri 1 Initial Varietal and Hybrid Trial (Single cut

Forage ) 23 R I – 7002, 7007, 7018, 7022, 7020; R II – 7053, 7052, 7058,

7063, 7064, 7070; R III – 7122, 7015, 7113, 7104, 7101

2 Advanced Varietal & Hybrid Trial (Single Cut Forage )

09 R I – 6001, 6004, 6005, R II – 6053,6054, 6055 R III – 6102, 6104, 6107

2. SOLAPUR Date of Monitoring: 4th Sep, 2018 General Information: Centre of Rabi Sorghum has conducted two single cut forage trial viz. IVHT (SC) and AVHT (SC). The trial were sown on 12th & 13th June 2018 the crop stand and growth was found excellent at panicle emergence stage. The differences among the test entries was visible the details are as below.



Sr. no.

Name of the trial No. of entries

Promising entries

1 Initial Varietal and Hybrid Trial (Single cut Forage )

23 Over all promising entries for different traits R I 7002 50% flowering, TSS & stem girth

7007 & 7022 Plant height, no. of leaves & stem girth R II 7053 50% flowering, Pl. height, TSS

7063 & 7066 Plant height, no. of leaves & stem girth R III 7105 Plant height, no. of leaves

7122 50% flowering & TSS 2 Advanced Varietal &

Hybrid Trial (Single Cut Forage )

09 R I 6001 & 6003 50% flowering, TSS, stem girth 6005 & 6006 Plant height, no. of leaves, stem girth & TSS R II 6053 & 6056 50% flowering, TSS & stem girth 6052 & 6054 Plant height, no. of leaves, stem girth R III 6104 & 6107 50% flowering, TSS, no. of leaves & stem girth 6103 & 6106 Plant height & stem girth

3. HISAR Date of Monitoring: 9th

S.No

Sep, 2018 General Information: Precipitation received during June to August was 297.9 mm during the months of June (58.9 mm), July (158.5 mm), August (23.5 mm) and Sept till 16th (57 mm) Breeding: Four coordinated trials were conducted at HAU Hisar. These were IAVHT-MC (DOS 27/4/2018), AVHT-SC (DOS 15/6/2018), IVHT-SC (DOS 21/6/2018) and Seed yield trial (DOS 19/7/2018). The trials were well managed and were having good expression. The trial wise observations were as follows: IAVHT-Multi cut : In this trial already two cuts were taken on 28/6/18 and 13/8/18 respectively. From 3rd cut point of view the plots which were showing higher and vigorous regeneration capacity were 5007, 5004 in R1, 5061, 5059 in R2 and 5106, 5114 in R3. The promising entries on 2 cut basis were 5011, 5057, 5064,5110 & 5113. AVHT-SC: Promising Lines are: 6009, 6007 in R1, 6058, 6059 in R2 and 6109, 6101 in R3. Most of the lines were infested by stem borer as Hisar is hot spot for stem borer infestation. In some entries the stem borer infestation was > 50 %. The local check HJ 541 was least from stem borer attack. IVHT-SC: Promising lines are: R1- 7023, 7015, 7021, R2- 7058, 7073, 7053 and R3- 7109, 7123, 7115. Susceptible Lines are : R1- 7003, 7006, R2- 7064, 7051 and R3- 7104, 7103 SYT (Seed yield Trial): Entries were at knee height stage and no seed setting was observed. Entomology: In Hisar the entomology trials were laid out properly with good insect infestation. The stem borer damage was also found to be >25 to 30% damage in the form of dead hearts in many trials. Following were the trial-wise observations.

Trial Lines with low damage Rep 1 Rep 2 Rep3

1 IVHT-Single cut 1,2 7061,1 7114, 7106, 7112 2 AVHT – Single cut 2, 609 2, 6051 1, 6109 3 IAVHT – Multi cut 5005, 5012 2, 5064 5105, 5110 4 IAVHT sweet sorghum 8012, 8016 8067, 8062 8113, 8106 5 HBM lines 9002,9004 2,1 2,1 6 SPN 121, 117, 113 211, 206, 215 306, 307 7 Granules T1 T1 T1 8 Testing of insecticide for seed treatment T1, T5 T5, T8 T5, T6

Pathology: One pathology trial (AVN trial) was sown on 16.7.2018 by the Hisar centre. PPT 2 : Anthracnose Virulence Nursery (AVN) - Forage sorghum Objectives: To define the level of resistance of anthracnose through Anthracnose Virulence Nursery Resistant entries – 6, 2, 10 Mod. Resistant - 7,11, 12 Susceptible – 3, 4, 8,9,13, 14 Highly susceptible – 1,5,15,16 and 17 Agronomy: Three AICRP trials on Sorghum agronomy (1 KE, 1KF and 4KF) were conducted at Hisar during Kharif 2018. 1KE(SC): Fertilizer X genotypes interaction in rainfed/irrigation environment-sown on 16th July, 2018 · CSV 21F seems to be promising followed by SPV 2445 · All entries responded up to 125 % RDF



1KF (MC): Fertilizer X genotypes interaction in rainfed/irrigation environment-sown on 25th May 2018 · In first cut (approximately at 60 DAS) SPH 1840 performed better than CSH 24F · All the five entries responded to the highest levels of fertilizer ( i.e. 125% of RDF) · SPH 1840 was appearing promising in second cut. 4KF: Response of multicut forage sorghum to varied P and K levels sown on 1st May, 2018 · The trial was well managed. · 45 kg P2O5 + 45 kg K2O/ha treatment seems to be better followed 30 kg P2O5 + 30 kg K2O/ha treatment. Physiology: Two pot experiments were conducted at glasshouse to evaluate the sorghum elite lines (forage/sweet sorghum) for salinity tolerance. 3K (1): Evaluation of sorghum elite lines (sweet sorghum) for salinity tolerance- Sown on 20.07.2018 Objectives of the experiment: 1. To identify potential donors with salinity tolerance. 2. Identify morpho-physiological traits associated with salinity tolerance Entries 8003, 8007, 8017 and 8019 were performing better upto 10 dS m -1

3K (2) : Evaluation of sorghum elite lines (Forage sorghum) for salinity tolerance - sown on 20.7.2018 Objectives of the experiment: 1. To identify potential donors with salinity tolerance. 2. Identify morpho-physiological traits associated with salinity tolerance Entry 6008 was performing better upto 10 dS m -1

Fig: Monitoring at Hisar

4. LUDHIANA Date of Monitoring: 27th

Trial name

Sep, 2018 General Information: An area of >2.5 lakh ha is under forage sorghum in Punjab. Breeding trials: The forage and sweet sorghum trials were conducted successfully. Besides these, the centre had experiments under AICRP on forages and Pearl Millet apart from advancement of segregating generations. Field management and maintenance of data books are satisfactory. In all the trials shoot fly and heavy stem borer infestation was noticed. In the multi-cut trial, two cuts have been completed. The single-cut trial was around 90 days old. Trial-wise some observations in AICSIP trials are as follows:

Promising entries Remarks

IAVHT (M C)

RI: 5007, 5002, 5003 RII: 5052, 5059, 5063 RIII: 5106, 5103, 5105

Good yield levels in cuts

IVHT (SC) RI: 7023, 7010, 7012, 7019 RII: 7051, 7052, 7069, 7073 RIII: 7118, 7111, 7123, 7112

Lodging in some entries due to continuous rains

AVHT (SC) RI: 6001, 6008, 6003, 6009 RII: 6057, 6056, 6059 RIII: 6111 (Early), 6105, 6104

Good expression in 6052

IAVHT (S.S) 8009, 8056, 8075, 8008 Poor plant stand in entries 8069, 8014, 8004 High Biomass Trial Entry Nos 9060, 9011, 9058



Agronomy trials: In the trial on Fertilizer x Genotype interaction in multi-cut sorghum, two cuttings have been completed. SPH 1840 recorded the highest total green fodder yield (939 q/ha) followed by CSH 24MF (798 q/ha). All the enries have responded upto 125% RDF. In the trial on Fertilizer x Genotype interaction in single-cut sorghum, CSV 21F appears promising. Pathology trials: In pathology three trials viz., IAVHT (multi-cut), AVHT (SC) and AVN were conducted at Ludhiana. Occurrence of foliar diseases viz., zonate leaf spot, sorghum anthracnose, leafblight, and grey leaf spot was observed due to prevalence of high humid conditions. All entries showed percent severity in the range of 10-40% in case of anthracnose while the other diseases were in the range of 10-30% CSV 24SS recorded more anthracnose than CSV 19SS It appears that mid May is the best sowing window for planting sweet sorghum in the area Recommendations

• The breeding trials esp sweet sorghum trials should be protected from shoot pests for drawing meaningful conclusions.

• To start stem borer resistance breeding programmes • To screen released sweet sorghum cultivars in three different locations including command area of Sugar factory

near Fazalka • To liase with the sugar industry in Punjab for promoting sweet sorghum as biofuel crop

5. DHARWAD Date of Monitoring: 27th Sep, 2018 General Information: An excess amount of summer rains (may 255 mm) received at Dharwad. Further, during June (115mm), July (128 mm), August (72.8 mm), September (32.8 mm), rains have been received which were deficit around 30%. The crop condition was satisfactory however incidence of shootfly, stem borer and army warm were high during kharif 2018-19. In general crop condition was satisfactory and fields were maintained and managed well. Breeding : Six AICSIP trials were planted at Dharwad location and trials wise report is as below 1) IVT: Total 20 entries with three replications were planted with sowing date 9-6-2018. Crop condition was satisfactory with good expression. However, bird damage observed in some of the entries. – Promising entries appeared in the trial - 4001, 4014, 4011, 4013, 4014, 4008, 4666, 4059, 4069, 4052, 4053, 4065, 4056, 4060, 4054, 4068. Early entries – 4012, 4013, 4009. 2) IHT: Total 14 Entries with three replications were planted on 9-6-2018. Expression of the trial was satisfactory and managed and maintared well. Promising entries appeared in the yield - 3007, 304, 3010, 3011, 3013, 3005, 3054, 3052 and 3058 Early entries – 3009, 3002, 3060, 3012, 3061 Mixture – 3006, 3014, 3001, 3053 (Lacking uniformity) 3) AVT: 15 Entries with three replications and sowing date of trial was 9-6-2018. Crop condition and expression of trial was satisfactory with good management. Entries appeared promising – 2007,2004,2015,2013,2003,2005,2014,2056,2058. Early entries – 2009, 2057. Entry 2052, appeared promising with bold seed. 4) AHT: The trial planted on 9-06-2018 and consisting 10 entries in three replications. The trial condition was satisfactory and crop condition was good. Bird damage in the fewer entries were also observed Entries appeared Promising for yield - 1006, 1002, 1003, 1008, 1005, 1001, 1055. Early entries – 1002, 1001, 1009, 1052, 1051. Sparse seed setting has been observed in entry 1058. 5) EIHT: The trial planted with 14 entries and with three replications on 19-06-2018. Crop condition and expression of trial was satisfactory. Promising entries appeared in the trial – 507, 510, 503, 513, 512, 504, 509. Most early – 509. ISSVT (Multispecialty trials) : The trial was planted with 27 entries with 19-06-2018 sowing date. The crop condition and expression of the trial was satisfactory, however many of the entries were not flowered till monitoring.



Entries not flowered – 710, 716, 708, 703, 704, 727, 716, 711, 718, 724,714, 721. Entries with red grains / yellow grains & appeared promising Red 706, 705, 719, 724, Yellow – 725, 701, 712. Early entries – 722, 713. Thus, overall the conditions of all the trials were satisfactory and cultivation of the trials appeared well managed, well maintained and clean. The report of sorghum entomology has also been enclosed for your ready reference. . Entomology

Expt. No.

Experiments Sowing date

Entries/ treatments

Remarks

1 AHT-GS 19.07.2018 14 None of the entries observed promising for shoot fly (1102, 1103) Entry codes having poor population, 1006 , 1102, 1106

2 AVT-GS 19.07.2018 19 None of the entries observed promising for shoot fly (2002, 2012) Entry codes having poor population 2010, 2061, 2057, 2111, 2101

3 IHT-GS 19.07.2018 18 None of the entries observed promising for shoot fly (3052,3059, 3056, 3112, 3057) Entry codes having poor population 3061

4 IVT-GS 19.07.2018 24 None of the entries observed promising for shoot fly (4019, 4013, 4059, 4052) Entry codes having poor population 4017,4007, 4006, 4001, 4015

5 AICSIP-SPN 19.07.2018 20 None of the entries observed promising for shoot fly (109, 104, 116, 107, 117, 103, 211, 206, 215, 305, 307, 308, 316, 311) Entry codes having poor population 114, 119, 319

6 Testing of insecticide for seed treatment

19.07.2018 09 comparatively better treatments T-7, Seed treatment with thiamethoxam 30 FS @10 ml/kg seed followed by Seed treatment with acetamiprid 20% SP @ 5 g/kg seed

7 Testing granular insecticides for stem borer management

19.07.2018 07 T-1, followed by T6 found comparatively better treatments

Station trials Trials 8 MLHT 19.07.2018 12 9. MLVT 19.07.2018 14

6. PANTNAGAR Date of Monitoring: 28st

1. The forage trials and high biomass trials were conducted successfully.

Sep, 2018 Breeding

2. Field management and maintenance of data books were satisfactory. 3. In all the trials shoot fly and stemborer infestation was noticed and the incidence of latter was quite high. 4. In the multi-cut trial, two cuts have been completed. The single-cut trial was around 80 days old. 5. Trial-wise some observations in AICSIP trials are as follows:

Trial name Promising entries Remarks

IAVHT (MC) 5013, 5009, 5006, 5056, 5053. 5052, 5103, 5105, 5110 Good yield levels in cuts IVHT (SC) 7001, 7016, 7010, 7057, 7116, 7120 and 7119 7057 recorded 650 q/ha AVHT (SC) 6001, 6008, 6057, 6056, 6106, 6101, 6105 6105 recorded 11.2% brix

6. Centre`s breeding program: • Twenty eight A/B lines and 410 germplasm restorers are being maintained • Seed of released cultivars is being multiplied

Agronomy: Three trials viz., Fertilizer x Genotype interaction in multi-cut sorghum , Fertilizer x Genotype interaction in single-cut sorghum and Organic forage sorghum production (FS Single-cut) were conducted.

1. In the multi-cut trial, SPH 1840 and in the single-cut trial, CSV 30F were performing better Pathology : There was heavy incidence of anthracnose and Zonate leaf spot. In all, nine trials were conducted and promising entries were identified.



Recommendations • To protect the high biomass trial from shoot pests for ensuring uniform stand

Fig : Regeneration potential in one of the test entries in multi-cut trial

7. PALEM Date of Monitoring: 4th

• Experimental design and maintenance were good. Oct, 2018

• All breeding and entomology trials were in place and successfully conducted • Grain sorghum IVT, AVT, IVHT, AVHT were in maturity. Few entries showed uneven stand • Pest and diseases in breeding trials was minimum. Few entries were affected by shootfly and were recorded • Symptoms of fall armyworm damage was seen in AVT and AHT trials. • Germination of all entries in all trials were satisfactory. • Sweet sorghum trial was reaching maturity with predominance of foliar diseases in some entries. Anthracnose, rust,

etc. were seen. • Sweet sorghum trial IAVHT SS (21 treatments) exhibited foliar diseases such as anthracnose. • Specialty traits trial was in place and wide variation was observed among entries for maturity, grain colouration,

height, pigmentation, etc. • Station trials were harvested and data tabulated. MLT grain sorghum, crossing block, segregating generation

selection and advancement were performed. • Special project on genetic improvement of yellow jowar was conducted • Seed production of CSV 31 and yellow jowar varieties were planned for rabi 2018-19.

8. CHAMARAJNAGAR Date of Monitoring: 6th Oct, 2018 General Information: Major portion of soils where crops are grown in Chamarajanagara are hilly with undulating terrain. The area falls under southern dry agro-climatic zone of Karnataka. and classified as semi-arid rain-dependent with occurrence of both red and black soils. The geographical location of area is at a latitude of 11º55' 17.40" N, and a longitude of 76º56' 21.52" E with an altitude of 787.6 m above MSL. The sorghum growing area of Chamarajanagar district had erratic pattern of rainfall with high surface run-off due to undulating terrain besides poor percolation of rain water into the soil. The sorghum is primarily grown on an area of 16,280 ha in Chamarajanagar district (Chamarajanagar & Gundlupeta talukas) under very dry climatic conditions. The average grain yields are about 850 kg/ha. The analyses of 10 year rainfall data at ARS Chamarajanagar clearly indicates that monsoon start active from March onwards with peak rainfall receiving in April (85 mm) and May (150 mm). The average rainfall for this location was 761 mm. The distribution of rainfall in 2018 indicated that the total rainfall received in April and May was 37.0 mm and 200 mm , respectively. Both June and July months were dry with least rainfall received. The rainfall distribution was bimodal with peaks in both May and October. The mean maximum and minimum temperatures recorded were 34°C, and 16.4°C, respectively. With this pattern of rainfall distribution, the farmer’s usually plant sorghum from mid-April to mid-May. Relative humidity ranges from 69 to 85% and 21% to 70% at 7.30 h and 14.30 h, respectively. The crop experience primarily midseason (June-July: preflowering) drought and heat stresses apart from other biotic stresses. Other major constraints in Chamarajanagar district include i) cultivating local sorghum land races by farmers, 2) non-adoption of improved package of practices, 3) biotic stresses such as stem borer, midge etc. Breeding and Agronomy: A total seven AICRP sorghum trials including kharif breeding grain (4 #) and single cut forage sorghums (2 #), agronomy planting date trial ( 1#) were planted during kharif 2018 at this location. All the trials were planted as per technical program of AICRP sorghum. The two forage sorghum trials are already harvested.



1. AHT grain sorghum: This trial was planted during June 8, 2018. The trial recorded low plant stand in some entries. The crop grew to the height of about 2.0 m. Minimal shoot fly and stem borer incidence was observed ( 10-15 %). Symptoms of midge were also observed in some entries. Symptoms of grain mold ( 10%) were observed on some entries. The individual panicles were not protected with paper or net bags, although the crop was covered with thin fish net to avoid birds. Based on visual observation promising entries identified for earliness, growth, biomass and grain characteristics include entry # 1003, 1010,1052, 1055, 1056, 1057, 1057, and 1109.

2. IHT grain sorghum: This trial was planted during June 11, 2018. The trial recorded low plant stand in some entries. The crop grew to the height of about 1.5 to 2.5 m. Minimal shoot fly and stem borer incidence was observed (10%). Symptoms of midge were also observed in some entries. Symptoms of grain mold ( 10%) were observed on some entries. Based on visual observation promising entries identified for earliness, growth, high biomass and grain characteristics include entry # 3010, 3007, 3004, 3011, 3008, 30009 and 3002.

3. AVT grain sorghum: This trial was planted during June 8, 2018. The trial recorded low plant stand in some entries. The crop grew to the height of about 2.0-3.0 m. Minimal shoot fly and stem borer incidence was observed (10-15 %). Symptoms of midge were also observed in some entries. Mixtures were observed in some entries which needs to avoided in including in trials in future. Based on visual observation promising entries identified for earliness, growth, biomass and grain characteristics include entry # 2056, 2102, 2104, 2109, 2112, and 2113.

4. IVT grain sorghum : This trial was planted during June 11, 2018. The crop grew to the height of about 2.0-2.5 m. Minimal shoot fly and stem borer incidence was observed (10-15 %). Mixtures were observed in some entries which needs to avoided in including in trials in future. Based on visual observation promising entries identified for earliness, growth, biomass and grain characteristics include entry # 4014, 4011,4012, 4116, 4106, 4119 and 4067

5. IVHT (SC) and AVHT (SC): These trials were planted during June 28, 2018. The conduct of trail is good. The crops were already harvested at soft dough stage. Based on visual observations promising entries identified include # 7021, 7020, 7013, 7004 in IVHT (SC) and 6005, 6008, 6002, 6007 in AVHT (SC). .

6. Agronomy: A trial namely optimization of sowing window for summer sorghum was conducted with four sorghum genotypes and three planting dates (May 15, May 30, and June 15). The crops sown at different dates grew well and the conduct of the trials was good. The first and second sowing dates were already harvested. Only third sowing is under evaluation. Promising entries from third sowing based on visual observation include CSV27 and CSH 30.

7. Two state MLTs on sorghum with 19 and 6 entries are planted in April and May2018 . 8. Another two sorghum trials i.e., F3 generation (6 crosses) materials and 56 germplasm were planted in June last week

and are at preflowering stage. 9. Under TSP, cv CSV 23 sorghum was distributed to 50 farmers in Thondawadi, Gundlupet, Chamarajanagar villages. Recommendations:

• Scientists working at Chamarajanagara should be trained on breeding and crop management aspects at IIMR. • The team suggested planting of sorghum at Chamarajanagara should be strictly between mid-April and mid-May

due to the receipt of assured rainfall during that period. Hence, the all trials need to send by last week of March/first week of April for planting in mid April compulsorily.

• Basic parameter on soil physical, chemical parameters, climatic data ( rainfall and temperature) should be reported along with trial data.

• In varietal trials, some of the entries are showed mixtures and non-uniform. Hence, care should be taken that they should be thoroughly evaluated at the station trials first before entered in AICRP trials.

• The positions of Agronomist and Agrl.Assts are presently on contract basis and needs to be filled. 9. INDORE Date of Monitoring 9th–10th Oct, 2018 General Information: The crop was sown during 24th June and 27th June 2018. The total rainfall received up to 10th

1. Four grain sorghum breeding trials and one sweet sorghum trial were sown under multi-location trials under AICRP-Sorghum during kharif 2018.

October 2018 was 741.5 mm in 38 rainy days. The trials were planted in time and maintained well, but the stem borer incidence in all trials, especially varietal trials was observed to be very high. A. Breeding

2. The different AICSIP trials include, AHT, AVT, IHT, IVT and IAVHT-SS all of which were sown during 23-24th

3. All the grain sorghum trials are in soft dough to hard dough stage.

June 2018.

4. Damage from stem borer was noticed in many plots. 5. The promising entries in each trial were noted. Entries with poor plant population and non-uniform entries in the trials

were also noted. i) Entries with high stem borer incidence

a. AVT- 2013, 2004, 2010, 2009, 2002, 2008, 2055, 2064, 2052, 2113, 2112, 2104, 2106 b. IVT- 4002, 4017, 4065, 4058, 4118, 4115, 4105



c. IHT- 3003, 3111, 3102 ii) Entries with poor population

a. AVT- 2010, 2054 b. AHT- 1010, 1006, 1057, 1051, 1110, 1102 c. IVT- 4115, 4006, 4104, 4111 d. IHT- 3014, 3007, 3051, 3064

iii) Non-uniform entries a. AVT- 2010 b. AHT- 1057, 1055, 1004, 1106, 1009 c. IVT- 4064, 4104, 4110, 4006, 4010 d. IHT- 3001

6. Trial-wise promising entries in AICSIP trials are as follows: Trails name Promising entries

AVT 2007, 2065, 2015, 2003, 2058, 2063, 2101, 2105, 2111, 2102, 2110 AHT 1007, 1003, 1054 IVT 4011, 4068, 4058, 4060, 4115, 4004, 4061, IHT 3002, 3059,3103, 3106, 3006, 3010, 3054, 3059, 3109 IAVHT-SS 8002, 8057, 8064, 8102

7. Very high incidence of stem borer was observed in IAVHT (SS) 8. Besides AICSIP trials, two station varietal trials, two station hybrid trials were also being conducted. All the trials were

maintained well. 9. Station parental line trials with 40 entries and MS development program with 29 MS lines are also being maintained 10. The station breeding material consists of 4 F211. 52 land races collected from Nimar regions of MP, 26 pop sorghum germplasm lines from IIMR and 84 exotic and

indigenous germplasm are being evaluated.

segregation populations, 60 F3 families, 45 F4 and 6 F5 progenies.

B. Agronomy: Three agronomy trials were sown during 24-27th

• 1K(C): Response of pre-released sorghum genotypes to different fertility (Grain sorghum) with 8 test genotypes and 4 checks and three fertility levels Clear differences are visible among fertility levels and genotypes.

June 2018. The crop is in dough stage. The plant population in all the trials is maintained well.

• 7K: Enrichment of organic sources of fertilizer in kharif grain sorghum: This experiment is taken up to quantify the effect of Fe and Zn enriched organics on grain sorghum. There were eleven treatments with a combination of recommended package of practices, enriched FYM and enriched vermicompost. CSH 25 is the genotype tested with different treatments.

• 9 K: Liquid vs powder form of bio fertilizer in kharif grain sorghum. Total nine treatments were taken up with a combination of RDF, Azospirillum plus PSB seed treatment and seed treatment with Azospirillum in combination with different dose of PSB on the genotype, CSH 16. Visually all the treatments seem to be same.

C. Entomology The centre has taken up 7 experiments under sorghum entomology. All the trials were sown on 7th

The incidence of shoot fly and stem borer was moderate to high

July 2018. One trial AHT (GS) was damaged. Adequate population was maintained. Some promising genotypes for shoot fly resistance were noted under each trial

Promising entries in each trial S.No. Trial Promising genotypes (%DH)

1 AVT 2006 (27% SF); 2013 (23% SB); 2059 and 2060 (33% SF); 2062 (5% SB); 2105 (25% SF); 2107 (20%SB); 2103 (21% SB); Local check has 26% SFDH

2 IHT 3013 (28%SF); 3008 and 3006 (37.5%SF); 3005 (18% SB) 3008 (27% SB); 3063 (23% SF); 3058 (9%SB); 3107 (16.6% SF); 3111 (15% SB)

3 IVT 4002 (33% SF); 4013 (36%SF); 4016 (7%SB); 4008 (9% SB); 4060 and 4052 (33% SF); 4064 (17% sb); 4113 and 4118 (38%SF); 4113 (21%SB)

4 IAVHT (SS) 8007 (14%SF); 8011 and 8013 (16%SF); 8015 (7.1% SB); 8059 (18%SF); 8061 (10%SB); 8117 (15%SF); 8101 and 8109 (15% SB)

5 SPN 115 (20%SF); 103 (21%SF); 113 (11.5%SB); 215 (22%SF and 15%SB); 308 (27% SF); 307 (7%SB) The experiment on Testing of new molecules for seed treatment” nine treatments were taken up including seed

treatment with cholpyriphos, quinolphos, imidachloprid, fipronil, acetamiprid, chlorantraniliprole, thiamethoxam, soil application of carbofuran and the untreated control.

D. Demonstrations under TSP and FLDs 200 demonstrations are taken up under TSP in the farmers’ fields of Badwani district in MP. The crop is in soft to

hard dough stage and the expression of the crop is good. 50 sorghum demonstrations are conducted under FLD on the farmers’ fields of Dewas district in MP.



Recommendations: 1. The breeding trials should be protected from stem borer to have a reliable yield data. 2. Hybrids in all the trials should be selfed to ensure fertility restoration reaction 3. It was suggested to note the number of plants affected with stem borer in each plot

10. PARBHANI Date of Monitoring: 10th Oct, 2018 General Information: At Parbhani, Rainfall in June 2018 was 324.8 mm, in July 193.8mm, in August 274.6mm, in September 4.2 mm and in October (till 9th October) there was no rain. Total rainfall from June to 9th

• Advanced Hybrid Trial (AHT-GS).The trial was sown on 21.06.2018. The biotic stress management was good as panicles of most of the plants were covered with bags. Promising entries were 1051, 1058 (R2), 1001 (R1), and 1102,1105 (R3).

October was 797.4 mm. Crop condition was good due to sufficient rains during the crop growth stage, however, scattered rains in September affected the further growth of the plants and crop revealed moisture stress condition. Crop was in flowering and Physiological maturity stage at the time of monitoring.

Breeding: All the breeding trials allotted to the Centre were conducted. Most of the trials were sown in the last week of June 2018.

• Advanced Varietal trial (AVT-GS): Trial was sown on 21.06.2018. Trial management was good. Some plants revealed shoot fly infestation and also moisture stress conditions. Promising entries were 2001, 2007, 2059, 2065, 2111 and 2113.

• Other trials monitored were IHT-GS, IVT-GS and IEHT-GS. • Forage Sorghum: Advanced varietal Hybrid trial (AVHT-SC) and Initial varietal Hybrid Trial (IVHT-SC). Both these

trials were harvested at 80 DAS. • Sweet Sorghum: Initial and Advanced Varietal Hybrid Trial (IAVHT-SS). Trial was sown on 29.06.2018. Crop suffered

from water deficiency at flowering stage.High biomass but late entries were 8007, 8013, 8062. Entries with good biomass and grain were :- 8012, 8006, 8056, 8106 and 8113.

• High Biomass Sorghum trial (HBM): Trial was sown on 26.6.2018. Flowering was very late in many entries. Promising entries were: 9003, 9061, 9060, 9104 , 9007,9059 and 9011.

• Evaluation of derivatives of population breeding for grain mold resistance: Trial was sown on 27.06.2018. Lines were not satisfactory due to lack of uniformity. Promising entries were R1 28, 29; R2: 31; R3: 19 and 33.

• SpecialitySorghum: (ISSVT): Trial was sown on 29.06.2018. In most of the entries flowering was delayed like rabi sorghum genotypes. Suggestion: Late flowering genotypes may be tested in rabbi season.

Pathology • ParbhaniCentre conducted all the 7 trials allotted to it. All the trials were sown on 26.06.2018. • Advance hybrid trial (AHT-GS): Trial management was good. Observations were recorded on grain mold and leaf spot.

Trial was at physiological maturity stage. Grain mold initiation was recorded on some hybrids like 1003, 2 (R1), while in 2 (R3) the GM severity was high. Suggestion: Promising entries should be identified on the basis of low GM incidence andthese entriesshould be either better than or on par with the resistant checks.

• IHT (GS) and IVT (GS): Trial management was good .crop condition was good despite grain mold initiation and leaf spots/blight prevalence .Leaf blight was prevalent in moderate to severe proportion. In IVT (GS) entry 4005 had grains fused with glumes which gave protection against birds. Suggestions: In some entries bird damage was observed which should be controlled.

• Initial Advanced Varietal Hybrid trial (IAVHT-SS): Trial was sown on 24.06.2018. Trial management was good. In some entries rust severity was high. Suggestion: Precaution should be taken to manage bird damage.

• Advanced Varietal Trial: Trial was sown on 24.06.2018. Trial management was good. Crop growth was also good despite biotic and abiotic stresses. Entry 7 (R1) had less grain mold incidence, may be resistant check. Suggestion: Trial suffered from bird damage which should be managed. Resistant and susceptible checks should be specified for comparison of entries.

• National Grain Mold Nursery I-II (NGN): Trial was sown on 24.06.2018 and its management was good. Test entry 967 (R3) was moderately susceptible to grain mold. Other entries which revealed grain mold were 917 (R1), 975 and 983 (R3).

• Biomanagement of grain mold: Trial was sown on 24.06.2018. Trial management was good. Amongst all the treatments Trichodermaherzianum liquid bioformulation was found effective in the management of grain mold .

• Evaluation of derivatives of population breeding for grain mold resistance:. The trial was sown on 27.06.2018. Some promising entries were marked. Suggestion: Bird damage should be minimized.

Entomology • The Centre was allotted 8 entomology trials and all the trials were conducted. All the trials barring IPM were sown on

10.07.2018, whereas IPM trial was sown on 27.06.2018.



• AHT-GS: Trial management was good and crop condition was good despite shoot fly and stem borer attack and also deficient/no rains in September month. Shoot fly incidence varied between 14.29 – 100.0%. Entry 1104 (R3) revealed 35.71% Shoot fly DH and was found promising. Stem borer incidence ranged between 0.0-7.41%. No stem borer incidence was found on 1001 (R1),1055 (R2) and 1104 (R3). Suggestion: Measures should be taken to control bird damage. Promising entries should have less than 40% shoot fly incidence or should be at par with resistant check.

• AVT-GS: Trial management and crop condition was good.Promising entries with < 30% shoot fly DH was 2012 (23.08%). Stem borer infestation was nil (0%) in 2003, 20101 (R1), 2062, 2061 (R2), 2103 , 2113 (R3).

• IHT-GS: Entry 3008 had 33.33% shoot fly damage and was promising as pest incidence was 100.0% in some other entries. Stem borer (DH%) was 0.0% in 3011,3006 (R1), 3059, 3062 (R2) and 3109, 3102 (R1).

• IVT-GS: Shoot fly incidence was very high in all the entries. However, no stem borer incidence was (DH%) was recorded in entries 4007, 4004, 4012 (R1) 4057, 4066, 4052 (R2) and 4116, 4119, 4105 (R3).

• AICSIP-SPN: Shoot fly incidence in entries 219 (R2) and 303, 308 (R3) was less than 40% and were found less susceptible to the pest.

• HBN: Shoot fly incidence was low < 40.0% in entries 9061, 9057, 9058 (R2), 9108,9104 and 9110 (R3). Stem borer infestation was 0.0% in entries 9009, 9011 (R1),9058, 9059, 9054 (R2) and 9108, 9102 and 9111 (R3).

• Validation of IPM: Testing of insecticides for seed treatment: Foliar application of carbofuran 3g@20Kg/ha + whorl application of carbofuran @ 8Kg/ha at 35 DAE gave least (9.64%) shoot fly DH%.

• Seed treatment with imidacloprid @3ga.i/Kg seed + Spray of NSKE 5% at 35DAE revealed only 5.59% stem borer DH % as compared to control 15.62% stem borer DH%.

Agronomy • Three Agronomy trials were conducted by the centre. • Fertilizer x genotype interaction in the rainfed environment: The trial was sown on 24.06.2018. Trial management

was good. No major pest incidence was recorded .Test entry SPH 1849 relatively performed better. • Fertility x genotype interaction in rainfedenvironment : Stem borer incidence was observed in entry SPV 2437.

Suggestion: SPV 2438 had loose panicle and visually less grains –Breeder may advance good entries. • Liquid vs Powder form bio-fertilizer in kharif grain sorghum: Trial was sown on 26.06.2018.Trial management was good

and no pest incidence was recorded.Seed treatment with Azospirillum @ 4ml+ PSB @ 4ml/Kg seed was found better amongst other treatments.

Physiology • The Centre conducted both the Physiology trials 1K and 2K allotted to it. • 1K Rainfed: Physiological basis of assessing the genetic progress in yield potential of KharifSorghum historical

released cultivars. Crop condition was good despite incidence of insect-pests as crop trial was well managed by sprays of recommended pesticides. Promising entries were T2 and T15 in all the three replications.

• 2K Rainfed: Physiological basis of assessing the genetic progress of kharif sorghum parental lines (old and new) for yield potential. Promising entry was T3 in all the three replications. Suggestion: Bird damage should be controlled.

11. AKOLA Date of Monitoring: 12th Oct, 2018 General Information: During Kharif 2018, the onset of monsoon was noticed in the second fortnight of June. Total rainfall received during June 2018 was 291.6mm against normal 135.80 mm which was 11.68% higher than the normal. Rainfall in August was 212.90 mm which was 9.83% higher than the normal. During September Station received 64.40 mm rain which was deficient by 43.49%.The total rainfall received upto 11th

• AHT-GS: Trial was sown on 28.06.2018 and its management was good. Crop condition was good as no remarkable biotic stress was observed except little bit water stress. Promising entries included 1001, 1003, 1008(R1),1057, 1054 (R2), 1109 and 1103 (R3).

October was 830.1 mm as against the normal rainfall of 727.30 mm which was higher by 14.14 %. The overall monthly rainfall during crop growth period was surplus up to August 2018, but at the peak growth period during the month of September rainfall was 43.49 % deficient than the normal monthly rainfall. The subsequent rainfall between the dry spells recovered the crop and crop condition was good. The crop was in physiological maturity stage at the time of monitoring.

Breeding

• AVT-GS: Trial was sown on 26.6.2018 and crop condition was good. Promising entries included 2005,2014 (R1), 2052 (R2) 2117,2114 (R3). Less population was observed in entries 2011 and 2057. Trial revealed damage to plants due to wild pig attack.

• IHT-GS: Trial sown on 27.6.2018. Promising entries included 3005, 3003 (R1), 3063 (R2), 3102 (R3). Plant population was not satisfactory in the trial. IVT GS: Trial sown on 26.6.2018. Promising entries included 4006,4007,4005,4066,4019,4062 and 4064.



• Early Hybrid trial: Trial was sown on 28.6.2018. Crop management was good and crop was in grain filling stage. Though slight terminal drought was observed, crop showed no remarkable biotic stress symptoms. Promising entries included 511,505, 553,560 and 609. Less plant population was observed in entry 552.

• Evaluation of diversification of population breeding for grain mold resistance: Trial was sown on 28.6.2018 and its management was good. Crop was in grain filling stage. No grain mold observed in any entry. Suggestion: There was need to create artificial condition for GM development and spread by spraying water or by artificial inoculation of GM.

• SpecialitySorghum Trial(ISSVT): Trial was sown on 28.6.2018. Some entries had not started flowering till the time of monitoring .Promising entries were 712, 704,757,759,817 and 805

• Sweet Sorghum: IAVHT-SS: Trial management was good and no biotic stress except little moisture stress was observed. Promising entries included 8015,8006,8007,8008,8065,8056,8106,8115 and 8116.

• AVHT-SC: Trial was sown on 26.6.2018. Trial management was good. Crop was free from biotic stresses and was at grain filling stage. The Centre had not harvested the crop at right time for observations by the monitoring team during its visit. Promising entries were 6002,6059,6054,6058 and 6108.

• IVHT-SC: Trial was sown on 26.6.2018. Trial management was good. Trial was not harvested at appropriate time for monitoring purpose.

Agronomy • The following 4 trials were conducted by the centre. • IKA:Fertilizer X Genotype (Hybrid) interaction in rainfed environment. The trial was sown on 30.6.2018.The trial

management was good. Total rainfall was more than normal but there was distribution deficiency in September, hence crop expression was not up to the potential among the genotypes. SPH 1846 revealed better potentiality than the other genotypes.

• 1K Fertility x Genotype (Varieties) interaction in a rainfed environment. Trial was sown on 3rd

• 7K. Bioenrichment of organic source fertilizers (Fe and Zn) inKharif grain sorghum. : The trial was sown on 29

July 2018. Trial management was very good. Experiment was conducted under pulse scheme. Crop expression was very good. Varieties SPV 2423 and SPV 2437 were found better than other genotypes.

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• SK: Liquid vs Powder form of biofertlizer in Kharif:Trial was sown on 29

June 2018. Trial management was good . No bird damage was observed. Treatments RDF + enriched FYM (T4),RDF + enriched FYM 4 (T7) and RDF + enriched vermicompost 4 (T11) were found better than remaining treatments. Suggestion: Fe and Zn content analysis in grain may be carried out.

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Pathology

June 2018. Trial management was good and no bird damage was observed. Seed treatment with Azospirillum @4ml + PSB @ 4ml/Kg seed was found better than other treatments.

• Akola centre was allotted 8 Pathology trials and all the trials were conducted by the centre. • AHT-GS: Trial was sown on 29.6.2018. Trial management was good. The trial was at physiological maturity stage. Plant

stand was poor due to drainage problem which occurred at the time of germination. Promising entries were 08,03and 02.Leaf blight, gray leaf spot, zonate leaf spot were observed in the trial from 1 to 4 (1-9 scale).

• AVT-GS: Trial was sown on 29.6.2018. Plant stand was poor due to drainage problem at the time of germination. Promising entries were 04 and 08.Leaf blight and grey leaf spot were the major diseases andwere prevalent in 1-6 scale.

• IVT-GS: Trial was sown on 29.6.2018. Though the trial management was good, damage to the crop due to wild boar was observed.

• AVHT-SC and IVHT-SC: Trials were sown on 29.6.2018. • National Grain Mold Nursery: (NGN I&II): Trial was sown on 29.6.2018. High prevalence of Grey leaf spots was

observed in the trial. Entries 907 and 912 were highly susceptible to foliar diseases. • Bio-management of Grain Mold: Trial was sown on 29.6.2018. Trial management was good. Since grain mold infections

were not observed in the trial, entries needed to be sprayed with water for grain mold infections to occur. • In general, diseases like leaf blight, grey leaf spot,and rough leaf spot (1-5 scale) were prevalent in the trial . • No grain mold infections were observed in the trials probably due to no rainfall in the September month. Hence, trial

particularly on biomanagement of grain mold needed to be sprayed with water for infections to occur and treatments to be effective for analysis purpose. In some trials, plant stand was poor either due to improper drainage systemor due to shoot fly damage .Hence, it was suggested that suitable precautions must be taken to ensure good germinationso as to develop proper plant stand. Entries should be identified on the basis of low disease incidence/severity and not on the basis of high disease gradient. In some trials wild boar damage was observed despite precautions,hence, stringent measures should be adopted to manage the wild boar damage.

Entomology • All the allotted 11 trials were conducted by the centre. All the trials but testing of insecticides were sown on 11.7.2018

while latter trial was sown on 12.7.2018.Shoot fly and stem borer were the major pests. Aphid infestation had just initiated.



• AHT-GS:Trial management was good, however, some weeds were observed in the trial .Shoot fly (DH%) incidence was less than 30% in entries 1 and 2.

• AVT-GS: Trial management was good. Entries 1 &2 were found promising as these had <30% shoot fly DH incidence. • IHT-GS: Promising entries 1 and 2 (SH DH <30%). • IVT-GS: Plant population was low due to high shoot fly incidence. Promising entries were 1 and 2 with < 30% shoot fly

(DH%) incidence. • IAVHT-MC: Promising entries 1 &2 showed < 25.0% shoot fly (DH) incidence. • AVHT-SC and IVHT-SC: Weeds were observed in the trial which needed to be removed. Promising entries 1 &2

showed<30% shoot fly incidence. • IAVHT-SS: Promising entry was 1as it had < 30% shoot fly damage. Trial revealed more weeds as these could not be

removed due to labour problem. • HBM (High Biomass): Promising entry was 2 (<30% SH DH). • AICSIP SPN: Plant stand was observed to be affected due to drainage problem. One row was found completely missing.

Promising entries were R1: 116 (17.65% SH DH), R2: 206 (17.86% SH DH) and R3: 308 ( 17.25 % SH DH). • Testing of insecticides for seed treatment: Seed treatment with Thiamethoxam 30PS (@ 10ml/Kg seed), Acetamiprid

20% SP (@ 5ml/Kg seed) and imidacloprid (@ 3ml/Kg seed) was found effective and superior to other treatments in shoot fly management.

• In general, shoot fly (up to 100% DH), stem borer and aphids (infestation just initiated) were the major pests in the trial. Plant stand was poor in some trials due to improper drainage. Weeds were prevalent which needed to be taken care of.

Physiology • The Centre conducted both the allotted trials 1K and 2K. • 1K Physiological basis of ascertaining the genetic progress in yield potential ofkharif sorghum:Trial was sown on

29.6.2018. Trial management was good. Promising entries were CSH-16 and SPV 462. However, severe damage to plants due to wild boar attack in R2 and R3 replications was observed.

• 2K Physiological characterization of kharif parental lines (old and new) for yield potential:Trail was sown on 29.6.2018. Trial management was good. Crop condition in response to biotic and abiotic stresses was also good. All the physiological parameters were recorded. Promising entries included IIMR-R3, IIMR-R7 and IIMR-R8.

12. COIMBATORE Date of Monitoring: 11th

1. The region usually receives rainfall during September-October. The major sorghum growing districts in the state are Namakkal, Dindigul and Tirupur. The area under grain sorghum has come down as the demand is for forage sorghum in the area.

Oct, 2018 General Information

2. There was good rainfall during the year from the beginning amounting to 706.8 mm till 10th October 2018 as against the normal average of 674 mm. There was heavy rainfall during 2nd week of June, 2nd and 3rd week of July, and 2nd and 3rd

3. There were 4 grain sorghum (AHTGS, AVTGS, IVTGS, IHTGS) trials, 4 forage (IVHT-SC, AVHT-SC, IAVHT-MC, SYT) and a sweet sorghum (IAVHT-SS) breeding trials. The grain sorghum trials had already been harvested. Due to the rains there was heavy grain mold infection in the panicles left for the monitoring visit. Some of the early flowering entries in AVT-GS were 2011, 2051 and 2108, while 2008, 2006, 2060, 2063, 2102 and 2112 were late. In IVT-GS 4004, 4019, 4058, 4063, 4118, 4107 and 4115 were highly susceptible to leaf blight. In IHT-GS 3012, 3060 and 3110 flowered early (56 days). In AHT-GS entries 1005, 1002, 1009, 1066, 1058, 1062 and 1105 flowered in less than 60 days. AVT-GS was sown again on 20.8.2018 for the purpose of reporting data.

week of August. Number of rainy days during the crop period was 17, while number of rainy days during August and Sept. were 14. Total rainfall during crop period was 273 mm out of which 259.8 mm was received during August and Sept. Due to heavy rainfall sowing of Pathology, Entomology and some Agronomy trials were delayed. Also due to excess rains weed infestation was more in all the trials.

4. In case of forage trials, due to moisture availability there was regeneration in many of the single cut entries. In AVHT-SC the entries with high green fodder yield were 6004, 6002, 6009, 6055, 6059, 6058, 6104, 6108 and 6101. Some of the tall entries were 6009, 6005, 6004, 6054, 6059, 6052, 6109, 6106 and 6103. In IVHT-SC high green fodder yield was recorded in 7014, 7016, 7021, 7057, 7052, 7070, 7106, 7120 and 7108.

5. In IAVHT-MC the 1st cut has been taken on 7th, 10th and 12th September 2018. Entries with high green fodder yield were 5002, 5013, 5005, 5057, 5056, 5054, 5111, 5105 and 5107. There was good regeneration in most of the entries because of rainfall after the 1st

6. In IAVHT-SS some of the early flowering entries were 8014, 8018, 8066, 8061, 8119 and 8112. cut.

7. In Pathology trials weed infestation was severe and in some cases hampered the growth of the crops. It seemed the labour problems created such situations.

8. Downy mildew incidence was quite high in all the trials and germplasm materials. Among foliar diseases target and gray leaf spots appeared in moderate form especially on forage trials. Grain mold was severe on all the matured crops.



The work plan of the newly joined Pathologist was discussed with the whole team. She will concentrate on downy mildew research, particularly race related studies and resistance along with Dharwad center.

9. There were 3 Agronomy trials - Fertilizer × genotype interaction in kharif grain sorghum, influence of soil moisture stress on later cuts in multi-cut forage sorghum and mechanization in kharif grain sorghum. In the first trial 100% RDF with SPV 2423 was better. But only one replication data may be useful as 2nd and 3rd replication was vitiated due to heavy bird damage. In the second trial there was no apparent moisture stress felt on the treatments due to frequent rains after first cut between 7th and 12th

10. The Entomology trials were in early vegetative stage only as were sown on 20

September. The treatment at 7 days interval is not necessary. The entry CSV 33 MF was found to be better. The trial on mechanization will not provide any new insights as benefits of mechanization is well known. No biotic and abiotic stress was observed in this trial as it was sown late.

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11. In the University trial MLT-grain sorghum with 5 entries had been already harvested. In the germplasm evaluation, 125 accessions were sown which were in seedling stage. Six F

of August. Data on shootfly deadhearts had been recorded.

2

Recommendations

populations were also sown. Seed production of TNS 648 and breeder seed production of CSV 33 MF was taken up.

1. All the trials should be sown almost together within 10-15 days window except trials which require late sowing like Entomology. Sowing at large intervals makes it difficult for the monitoring team to monitor all the trials at appropriate time.

2. The multi-cut forage trial should be sown as per the recommended sowing time, if required with irrigation. 3. The crop should be protected from bird damage to avoid vitiation of trials and for getting quality data. The replication-

wise data may be carefully scrutinized while pooling of data for analysis. 4. In case of Agronomy, the trials should be formulated after thorough discussion among all the scientists and looking at

the importance as well as practicality of the treatments. 5. Experiments which require large plot areas should be taken up in farmers’ fields and not in small plots at research

centre as it will not give any meaningful results. 6. Looking at the constraints for resources and labourers, the experiments should be planned keeping in mind the quality

of experimentation rather than increasing the number. 13. SURAT Date of Monitoring: 23th

• There were four grain sorghum trials (AHT, AVT, IHT and IVT), three forage sorghum (IAVHT-MC, AVHT-SC & IVHT SC) trials and one sweet sorghum (IAVHT) and high biomass trial each during kharif 2018.

Oct, 2018 General Information: Surat centre received 800 mm rainfall immediately after germination. Subsequently there was dry spell for continuous 28 days. The trials were sown in time and well managed. Breeding

• The centre has also taken station trials such small and large scale varietal trial (Grain and dual sorghum), Preliminary Evaluation Trial (Grain and Dual sorghum) and large scale forage trial.

• The trials were in grain soft dought to hard dough stage. • The plant population in grain trials were less as heavy rain affected the plant stand. Trial-wise promising entries in AICSIP trials are as follows:

Trails name Promising entries AVT (grain) 2062, 2063,2053,2059,2056,2001,2007,2012,2005,2010

(2055, 2002 were fodder types), 2011 was observed early. AHT (Grain) 1057,1053,1059,1058,1051,1055,1001,1007,1003,1005 (1056 was observed to be sterile) IVT (Grain) 4069,4052,4061,4064,4007,4016,4008,4005,4013,4009,4011,4001 (4010 has variation in height) IHT (Grain) 3052,3059,3062,3056,3060,3054,3003,3002,3013,3006,3010,3004 IVHT (Single cut) Harvested AVHT (Singe cut) Harvested IAVHT-SS 8056, 8054, 8055, 8059, 8003, 8017, 8015, 8005, 8008 (8055 with high biomass, 8055 non lodging,

good grain yield and biomass, 8009 high biomass) High Biomass 9007, 9005 (9002 did not flower, 9008 observed with high stem girth) IAVHT – Multicut 5006, 5007, 5009, 5010

Agronomy : There were three agronomy trials allotted to the centre.

• Multicut forage response to P and K fertilizers • Fertilizer x genotype interaction in a rainfed environment (grain sorghum) • Intercropping studies in grain sorghum



• Timely sowing was taken up for all the trials. • Maintenance of field book and register was satisfactory • The Trial on response of multicut forage sorghum to P and K fertilizers was harvested.

All the allotted trials (3 Nos.) were conducted by the centre. The trials were timely sown and the laying out of trials, maintenance of trials, field book and register was satisfactory. The trial on Response of multicut forage sorghum to P and K fertilizers was harvested. In other two trials, the treatment differences were visible.

• It was suggested to initiate the trials on response of sorghum to K fertilizer alone or NPK fertilizers in combination though ‘K’ is not recommended to your region. This helps to avoid the removal of ‘K’ every year leading to K deficiency in future.

Entomology

• There were in total 13 experiments, which includes four grain sorghum trials (AHT, AVT, IHT and IVT), three forage (IVHT-SC, AVHT-SC, IAVHT-MC), one sweet sorghum (IAVHT) and one high biomass each. In addition, one trial on evaluation of SPV lines, testing of insecticides for seed treatment, IPM for sorghum pests were also taken up at the centre.

• Management of trials and recording of observation were observed to be satisfactorily Pathology

• There were total of 8 experiments which include two grain sorghum (AHT, AVT), three forage sorghum (IVHT-SC, AVHT-SC and IAVHT-MC) and other include NGN-I, AVN-I and biomanagement.

• Management of trials and recording of observation were observed to be satisfactorily Recommendations

• Selection of level land for quality experimentation • To take up timely and effective weed management stragteis • Timely harvest of intercrops such as pulses to avoid yield loss • Hybrids in all the trials should be selfed to ensure fertility restoration reaction • Due to unusual and heavy rainfall, the centre reported less plant stand in few trials. The centre has taken good

efforts to manage the trial under such situation. However necessary steps may be taken to improve quality of experimentation under such situations.

• Use of leveled land, effective and timely weed management may be taken care in agronomy experiments. 14. DEESA Date of Monitoring: 25th Oct, 2018 General information: At Deesa, Total 241.6 mm rainfall was received during the season, It is 35 % of the average rainfall. From this very low rainfall of 241.6 mm, 163.3 mm rainfall was received in the onth of July. Thus crop revealed moisture stress during the critical stage but centre has saved the crop with protective irrigation and over all crop condition is satisfactory during the visit of monitoring team Breeding: All the trials allotted to the centre were conducted very well. Sowing of plant breeding grain and single cut fodder trials were carried out between 26th June and 13th July, multi cut trial was sown on 10th

• Crop condition against biotic and abiotic stress is satisfactory. May.

• Rainfall during the crop growth period was very low as compared to average rainfall and distribution was also not good. • Centre has taken very good effort to save the crop against bird damage and moisture stress. • Trials on fodder sorghum were harvested before visit of monitoring team due to stage of harvesting. Agronomy: At Deesa, the monsoon was started during July till September and one allotted trials on fertilizer x genotypes interaction in single cut forage sorghum was sown during July end. The laying out trial, its management, maintenance of field book and register were satisfactory. The treatment effects were distinct in different plots. Fertility levels of 100 and 125% RDF appear at par and genotype CSV 21F was early and appear promising.

• It was suggested to conduct the experiments as per the technical programme, i.e., the row spacing should be 22.5 cm instead of 30 cm to have reliable treatment effects and better results.

Recommendations • More emphasis toward effective weed management is suggested. • Centre is facing problem of manpower due to vacant post (Two post is vacant out four sanctioned post). • Promising entries in the trials are listed in the prescribed report form.



15. UDAIPUR Date of Monitoring: 26th

• The centre has allotted four grain sorghum trials and three fodder sorghum trials, all the trials allotted to the centre were conducted. Plant breeding grain sorghum trials were sown between 30th June and 4th July, while sowing of the fodder trials IAVHT-MC, AVHT-SC and IVHT-Sc were carried out on 14th May, 19th June and 23rd June, respectively.

Oct, 2018 General Information: During Kharif 2018, the centre received 499.2 mm rainfall during the crop growth season, which is 20 % lesser than average rainfall and distribution is also not good. Breeding

• Crop condition is good in response to biotic and abiotic stress. • Overall crop management is satisfactory • In some entries plant population was not satisfactory • Trials on fodder sorghum were harvested before visit of monitoring team due to stage of harvesting. Agronomy The monsoon was started during July month (28th

• It was suggested to randomize both genotypes and fertilizers for drawing valid conclusions.

std. week) and all the allotted four AICSIP trials were successfully conducted. The three trials on single cut and multi cut forage sorghum were harvested. The laying out of trail, its management, maintenance of field book and register were satisfactory. The treatment effects were visible in different plots in trial on fertilizer x genotypes interaction in a rainfed environment (grain sorghum). The test hybrids and varieties appear promising compared to checks. The fertilizer doze of 100 and 125% appear at par.

• It was also suggested to maintain intra-row spacing of 15 cm to have optimum plant population per unit area. Entomology • All the trials allotted to the centre were conducted. • Sowing of all the trials, except Validation of IPM modules were carried out in second week of July. • Good conduct of trials. • Pest surveillance & survey has also been conducted. Recommendations • More emphasis toward effective weed management and maintenance of proper plant population is suggested. • Centre is facing problem of manpower due to vacant post (Four posts is vacant out of eight sanctioned post).

16. NANDYAL & HAGARI Date of Monitoring: 14-15 Nov, 2018 Breeding Nandyal: • During kharif 2018, 2 Breeding (IVT-GS, IHT-GS) and 1 Agronomy (single cut forage) trials have been conducted. All

the trails are executed as per the plan communicated. The crop was at soft dough stage. • There was severe incidence of Fall Army worm, and the crop expression, in general, was affected. • In the trails, though some entries were good (IVT-GS-4008, 4014, 4017, 4011, 4060; IHT-GS-3010,3051), but in many

entries there was genetic impurity (IVT-GS-4010, 4064; IHT-GS-3012), sterility (IVT-GS-4012, 4068; IHT-GS-3057). Some entries have not yet flowered (IVT-GS-4018, 4058, 4062; IHT-GS-3006, 3055). We advised the staff to take care of bird’s damage for useful data.

Hagari: • All the trails (8 - on grain sorghum, sweet sorghum, specialty sorghum, Agronomy) were well conducted as per plan.

The expression of the crop especially in the AHT trials was excellent. • The AICRP trials like IAVT & IAHT should be sown as per the technical programme. Plots of 6 rows must be followed

and not 4 rows so that while analyzing the data border row effect may be excluded. • Several of the test entries were good as compared to a private company hybrid, Pradhan, which is popular in that area.

Some entries in initial trials of breeding and in Agronomy (code :2002) were genetically impure. Some had sterility. • The Hagari farm offers excellent field facilities for conduct of AICRP trials • Since station conducts both kharif and rabi trails, more contingency grants may be allocated to support the work.

Armyworm attack in kharif trial was less, but the damage is seen in rabi trials. We advised to take up control measures.



Agronomy Nandyal: The center received about 42 mm during August, 103 mm during September and 4 mm during October. Experiments at the center were sown during August 2018, immediately after the release of canal water. In Agronomy only one Kharif forage experiment to evaluate single cut genotypes was sown on 24 August and was harvested at 50% flowering stage. The other 6 rabi Agronomy experiments were sown on 20th September and were in progress. In the Kharif forage experiment one test entry SPV 2445 along with checks CSV 21F and CSV 30F were evaluated for their response to 3 different fertility levels. Among the three genotypes SPV 2445 and CSV 21F were early to flower and were harvested 14 days prior to CSV 30F. Hagari: At Hagari new center there were 2 mandatories and 1 location specific Kharif Agronomy experiments were in progress. The 3 experiments were sown during 26 June to 05 July 2018. The 1KE experiment, Evaluation of pre-released single cut sorghum genotypes to varying fertility levels (15 treatments, 5 genotypes and 3 fertility levels) was harvested on 29th September (around 87 days), while the other 2 experiments (Evaluation of pre-released grain sorghum genotypes to varying fertility levels and Weed management in kharif grain sorghum were at harvest stage. Similar to Nandyal the single cut forage cultivars SPV 2445, CSV 21F were early to flower (72 days) as compared to CSV 30F which flowered late. In grain sorghum genotypes the hybrids in general were early to flower (64 days) as compared to varieties which flowered in 67 days. In the weed management experiment both grasses and broad leaf weeds were observed. The new herbicides Topramezome and Tembotrione induced chlorosis for about 10 days in sorghum. Both post emergent chemicals @ 75 g/ha and and 140 g/ha respectively at 20 days after sowing were found to be effective in managing the weeds in Sorghum. The Agronomist was advised to harvest and forward the observed data at an early date to facilitate multi-location statistical analysis.



Report on monitoring of AICSIP trials during rabi 2018-19

AV Umakanth ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad – 500030 ([email protected])

Introduction: During rabi 2018-19, AICSIP rabi trials were monitored between January and February, 2018. Seven AICRP centres on sorghum were monitored by IIMR scientists for proper conduct of the trials, prevalence of biotic and abiotic stresses and other relevant issues. Composition of the monitoring teams is presented in Table 1.

Teams for monitoring of coordinated trials during Rabi 2017-18 Clusters Locations Plant Breeding Crop protection Crop production Team Leader

Cluster-I Solapur, Bijapur R Madhusudhana

K Srinivas Babu Gholve (Parbhani)

H S Talwar R Madhusudhana

Cluster-II Rahuri Gowri Sajjanar (Bijapur) H N Shaila (Dharwad) S S Rao S S Rao Cluster-III Dharwad M Y Samdur I K Das, G Shyam Prasad Krishna Murthy

(Hagari) M Y Samdur

Cluster-IV Parbhani R Madhusudhana

S S Karbantanar (Bijapur) Chattannavar (Dharwad)

H S Talwar H S Talwar

Cluster-V Tandur Parasuram Patroti - Swarna Ronanki Parasuram Patroti Cluster-VI Hagari Ashok Jadhav (Rahuri) K K Sharma S S Rao

S Ravi Kumar K K Sharma

Cluster-VII Nandyal A V Umakanth S Ravi Kumar S Ravi Kumar Cluster-VIII Chamarajnagar Hanamaratti (Dharwad) Hanamaratti

The monitoring reams visited respective centers and submitted reports, which have been summarized center-wise below: 1. SOLAPUR and BIJAPUR Date of Monitoring: 19-20th Jan, 2019

• IAVHT-DS: The trial was vitiated due to severe drought.

RARS, Vijayapura Breeding: Under AICSIP breeding, two AICRP multi-location trials were allotted, and the trials were sown on 20-21 September 2018. The station received a rainfall of 129.4 mm between September to December, which is 157 mm less than the normal of 286.13. Thus with a deviation of -55% rainfall during the crop period, the trials were under severe moisture stress, and the crop growth was severely affected.

• IAVHT-SS: This trial was supported with limited irrigation which was available nearby. Some promising entries identified are as follows.

o 3001, 3018, 3015, 3061, 3055, 307, 3068, 3064, 3101, 3114, 3122, 3112, 3113, 3107, 3103, 3172, 3159, 3153, 3155, 3160, 3165, 3158, 3219, 3220, 3205, 3217, 3209, 3207.

• Tip sterility was observed in some entries. • Some material was not genetically pure. There were mixtures.

Physiology:

• In the first trials on Preliminary evaluations of diverse germplasm for rabi adaptation, it was suggested to increase number of rows from one to 4. If seed is a constraint, the row length can be of 1 M but with 4 rows. Observations can be taken from two central rows. RSV1837, RSV1984, CRS74 and EP94 were found better.

• In the second trial on phenotyping advanced rabi sorghum entries, RSV1910, RSV2138, CRS65, CRS66 and CRS67 were found better.

• Under the trial on phenotyping for key root traits, RSV1896, RSV2145, CRS65, CRS66, CRS67 and BJV129 were good.

• The trial under shallow soil was vitiated due to severe drought. Entomology: The Rabi 2018 the AICRP trials were sown on 28.09.18. The center has taken up evaluation of material under IAVHT (deep soil)- 35 entries, IAVHT (Shallow soil)- 29 entries, SPN (Shoot pest nursery) – 34 entries and APSHN (Aphid and shoot bug nursery)- 25 entries and IPM -7 entries. The level of shoot fly infestation was sufficient for evaluation of the material. The data on shoot fly was recorded properly at two stages i.e. 21 and 28 DAE. The trials were neatly laid out, weed free and as per sowing plan. The Promising entries for shoot fly resistance IAVHT- DS: 1120, 1102, 1111, 1079,1056,1064; IAVHT-SS: 3023, 3013, 3059, 3056, 3068, 3058, 3052, 3067 and SPN: 2001, 2029, 2016, 2007, 2026, 2132, 2108, 2125.



• One trial of IAVHT-SS was conducted at CRS, Solapur.

Solapur CRS, Solapur - Breeding

• Most entries failed to show panicle emergence. • Some entries which were standing were: 3005, 3068, 3114, 3156 • In some entries, some amount of sterility, genetic impurity was observed.

Pathology

• Three AICRP Trials viz. IAVHT-SS, IAVHT-DS and Bio-management of Charcoal Rot are well planned and maintained in good condition.

• The leaf blight is observed up to 4 rating scale and rust up to m3 scale in different entries. The initiation of charcoal rot started in all three trials.

Physiology: There were three trials conducted.

• Phenotyping advanced rabi sorghum entries for drought adaptation traits under medium soil. R-I: T10, T8, T14, R-II: T6, T15, T11, R-III: T15, T12, T16 were good.

• Preliminary evaluation of diverse germplasm for Rabi adaptation. R-I: T36, T12, T11, R-II: T28, T35, T10, R-III: T28, T38, T18 were found good.

• Phenotyping advanced rabi sorghum entries for drought adaptation traits under shallow soil. R-I: T6, T7, T5, R-II: T16, T9, T7 and R-III: T16, T7, T3 were promising.

Entomology: The Rabi 2018 the AICRP trials were sown on 03 to 04.10.18, while the APSHN was sown late (23.10.2018). The center has taken up evaluation of material under IAVHT (deep soil)- 35 entries, IAVHT (Shallow soil)- 29 entries, SPN (Shoot pest nursery) – 34 entries and APSHN (Aphid and shoot bug nursery)- 25 entries. The level of shoot fly infestation was sufficient for evaluation of the material. The level of shoot fly infestation reached 80% across the trails and there was contrasting difference in resistance levels. The data on shoot fly was recorded properly at two stages i.e. 21 and 28 DAE. The trials were neatly laid out, weed free and as per sowing plan. The Promising entries for shoot fly resistance trial wise are as given below. IAVHT- DS: 1120,1106,1102,1121,1111,1117,1110,1079,1056,1067,1072,1064

• IAVHT-SS: 3023, 3013, 3001, 3018, 3003, 3012, 3019, 3059, 3056, 3068, 3058, 3052, 3069, 3079, 3061, 3067 • SPN: 2001, 2018, 2029, 2016, 2024, 2007, 2026, 2008, 2133, 2132, 2108, 2125, 2128

ADR Solapur: Two breeding trials, IAVHT (Deep) and IAVHT (Shallow) were conducted. The trials were dry and were due for harvesting. In general, crop stand and expression was satisfactory with panicle emergence as the crop was planted in the second week of September 2018. The effect of moisture stress was noticed in terms of stunted crop growth, small panicles, etc.

2. DHARWAD Date of Monitoring: 24th

1) Initial Advanced Varietal trial (Deep soil) : 28 entries, 3 Replications, Date of sowing 01-10-2018: Promising entries in RI and RII: 1) 1017 (Tall bold seeded), 2) 1071, 3) 1076 (Stay green trait), 4) 1067, 5) 1078 (LC 2217), 6) 1051

Jan, 2019 Breeding

Promising entries in RIII: 1) 1114, 2) 1107 (Non lodging), 3) 1121 (non lodging), 4) 1125 (Non lodging), 5)1128 (Local Check Non lodging and green), 6)1116, 7) 1118. Poor entries: 1011 (sterility), 1002 (lodging), 1027 (mixture Kharif type), 1001 (Sterility) 1012 (Less population) Observation: Less plant population was observed in many plots. In general trials was weed free, almost uniform growth with no fertility variation in soil. 2) Initial Specialty Sorghum Varietal Trials: 29 entries , 3 replications , Date of Sowing 02-10-2019. Poor seed setting in most of the entries, few entries have shown seed setting which were in red grain. Entreis 361, 376, 420 and 412 were promising for yield. Entries with red grain were 321, 306 (Red grain), and 326 (Red grain). Seen station trials namely MLVT, PVT SVT-I, SVT-II etc. In agronomy trials visible treatments (50%, 75%, 100% RDF) differences were observed particularly for entry SPV 2468. Visited Seed Technology Laboratory where lot of work is going on like seed cleaning, seed sale and giving maximum benefit to farmers as well as supplying quality seed to farmers. General Observation: Crop management was very good. All trials were in good condition, no bird’s damage seen. Crop condition was excellent.

Entomology General observations:

1. The total rainfall received during Sept – Dec were 219.2 mm in 13 rainy days.



2. The breeding trials were sown on 1.10.2018 followed by agronomy (5.10.2018), Pathology (11.10.2018) and Entomology (13.10.2018).

3. In Breeding IAVHT (DS) entries 1014, 1017, 1006, 1024, 1002, 1071, 1076, 1067, 1074, 1125, 1051were good. The entries 1011, 1001, 1069 were sterile. The plant population was very poor in 1002

4. Excessive rainfall has lead to luxuriant growth in the Breeding trials leading to lodging in many of the entries. There was severe incidence of rust in the breeding trials.

5. In breeding ISSVT the entries 303, 321, 315, 355 were partially sterile. Entry 320 appears good. The plant population was very poor in 321

6. The incidence of shoot fly across the trials ranged from 5 – 53.0 % and incidence of borer ranged from 0 – 30 % dead hearts. There was moderate incidence of fall army worm but there was recovery in crop after panicle initiation.

7. The promising entries in Entomology trials are listed. ENTOMOLOGY:

Recommendations

1. The entomology trials were sown late (13.10.2018) hereafter they may be sown early (by Sept first week) for proper shoot fly infestation.

2. Seeds of promising entries in shoot pest nursery are to be selfed and collected for further use. The entries showing good regeneration capacity in spite of high shoot fly attack should be reported

3. In breeding trials the actual plant population may be provided to work out yield as there are few plots where plant population is less than minimum requirement.

3. HAGARI Date of Monitoring: 25th Jan, 2019 General observations: : The Av. temperatures varied between 39.40C (April 2018) and 30.70oC (June 2018) and as such there was a deviation of -1.20C and -0.80C from the previous year (2017-18) for the respective months. The av.minimum temperatures varied between 13.00C (Jan.2018) and 10.60C (Jan.2019) with deviation of -1.40C and -3.1 0

S.No

C from the previous year (2017-18). The relative humidity varied between 59.0 % (Feb.2018) – 75.0 % (Dec.2018). The total rainfall received during the year 2018-19 was only 273.1 8mm and it occurred from March 2018 to October 2018 with maximum rain (63.5 mm) occurring in the month of October 2018. As compared to previous year 2017 (853.6mm rain) there was a deficit of -580.0 mmrainfall in 2018-19. The soil of the centre’s farm was medium to deep with 4 -5 feet depth. Breeding: The breeding trials were monitored along with Dr. G. Grish, Asstt. Professor, Genetics and plant Breeding. The centre was allotted 3 breeding trials viz. IAVHT-Deep Soils, IAVHT-Speciality sorghum and Parental line evaluation during 2018-19. (i). IAVHT-Deep Soil: The trial with 28 entries and 3 replications was sown on 25.9.2018 as per the layout. The trial revealed some patchy germination for which gap filling was carried out on 17.10.2018. Crop growth and panicle expression were good and crop was at physiological maturity stage at the time of monitoring. Although slight bird damage was observed but that was non-significant due to adequate measures adopted by the centre for minimizing losses due to bird damage. Amongst biotic stresses, rust severity in the trial was quite high (5-6 rating) which might affect the yield. The promising entries for superior grain formation identified were 1005, 1006, 1011, 1012, 1013 and 1025. (ii) ISSVT-Speciality Sorghum: As per the list of trials provided by the IIMR Hyderabad, the trial allotted to the centre was IAVHT - Speciality sorghum, however, trial conducted was ISSVT-speciality sorghum. The trial consisting of 29 entries was sown on 27.9.2018.Crop growth and panicle expression were good and crop was at physiological maturity stage at the time of monitoring. Despite no rains after October 2018, trial was well managed with two irrigations. The promising entries identified were 357,361,362,366 and 378. (iii). Parental line evaluation: The trial included 31 entries with 3 replications. Promising parental lines were identified. Some of the promising entries identified on the basis of traits like dwarfness, tallness and grain formation were 101,102,105,106,110,114,116 and 130. Some entries with sterile panicle were also observed. In general, trial was well managed as it appeared to be weed free.

Trial DOS Promising lines Remarks 1 IAVHT SS 13.10.18 3008, 3023, 3016, 3019, 3075, 3060, 3111, 3103, 3120 (<10% SF

DH) The shoot fly infestation ranged from 5.0 - 53 % DH and stem borer incidence ranged from 0 – 30% DH.

2 IAVHT DS 13.10.18 1005, 1019, 1009, 1002, 1056, 1073, 1063, 1127 (<10% SF DH) 3 AICSIP SPN 13.10.18 2001, 2008, 2014, 2023, 2106, 2122, 2202, 2208, 2223 (<10% SF

DH) 4 IPM 16.10.18 There appeared to be no significant differences in treatments.

However after collection of yield data and working out of CB ratio will give clear picture.



Pathology: Two trials namely IAVHT-Deep soil and IAVHT-Shallow soils allotted to the centre were conducted by it. The pathology trials were monitored along with Dr.S.B.Mallesh, Asstt.Prof.Pathology ARS Hagari. Both the pathology trials were sown on 15.10.2018. (i). IAHT-DS: The trial consisted of 29 entries including one local check. Five plants in each row were inoculated with Macrophomina phaseolina following tooth-pick method for observing charcoal rot (CR) reaction in different entries. However, CR symptoms were not visible at the time of monitoring as the stalks were still green in color. The trial revealed high leaf rust severity on many entries. Plant growth, panicle expression and grain formation were good. The overall growth appeared to be good as trial was irrigated twice. Suggestion: Promising entries for rust resistance should be identified. (ii). IAVHT-SS: The trial consisted of 23+6 entries with three replications. 5 plants per row were inoculated with M. phseolina culture by tooth-pick method for charcoal rot development. However, charcoal rot symptoms were not evident at the time of monitoring. Rust severity was quite high (5 - 6 rating) on some entries of the trial. The trial was well managed, though some additional entries were also included in the trial ( like GRS1,DSV4, GS 23, M35-1 and E36-1) which as such were not part of the trial. Evaluation of new entries for CR resistance: GS-23 a State release and M JP-1-1 revealed low rust severityand were reported to be resistant to CR also. Agronomy: Agronomy trials were monitored along with Dr. Krishnamurhty, D., Scientist (Agronomy),AICRP on Sorghum, ARS, Hagari, Ballari. The Centre was allotted 3 trials viz. 1R,8R and 9R and all the three trials were conducted by it. (i) 1R : Fertilizer x Genotype interaction in receding soil moisture conditions: The trial was sown on 27.9.2018 and the crop was at maturity stage. Amongst the biotic stresses rust was observed . Trial management was good as no weeds were observed. Test entry SPV 2468 was tall and late in flowering. CSH 15R and CSV 22R revealed early flowering (65.7 days). No significant differences were observed among the entries with respect to fertilizer treatments at the time of monitoring. (ii). 8R: Liquid vs Powder form of fertilizer in rabi sorghum: Thetrial consisted of six treatments replicated four times. Trial management was good. However, visual differences among different treatments were not conspicuous with respect to flowering. Treatment having RDF + seed treatment with Azospirillum@ 4ml + PSB @ 2ml/Kg seed found better than other treatments for early flowering. (iii). 9R: Enrichment of organic source of irrigated rabi sorghum: The trial was sown on 28.9.2018 and crop was at grain development stage. Treatments with 1 and 2 irrigations were found better than no irrigation for better plant growth. Station Trials: Agronomic investigations on pre-released rabi sorghum genotypes to different levels of fertilizers and planting geometry: The trial consisted of 18 interactions comprising of 3 genotypes, 2 spacings (60 and 45 cm) and 3 fertilizer levels. Multi-ear heads were noticed in varieties M35-1, GS-23 where as in case of MJP-1-5 a few secondary ear heads were noticed. In general, crop condition was good. Physiology: The centre was allotted only one trial, 1R and same was conducted by it.

Monitoring team at Hagari

(i) 1R: Preliminary evaluation of diverse germplasm for rabi adaptation traits. The trial was sown on 28.9.2018 and was at maturity (dough) stage. In all 40 germplasm were evaluated for phenology and agronomic traits. Promising entries with respect to early flowering were RSV 2197 (70 days), followed by VJV-106, VJV 110 (70.3 d), CRS 71 and PEC 15 (70.7 d). However, entry CSR 72 revealed late flowering (72.3 d ).



Recommendations • The trial layout should remain same as sent by AICRP-PI. Even if some more entries are included they should not be

mentioned in the report as they are for centre’s own evaluation purpose. • Rust resistant genotypes in two trials should have been identified as disease pressure was quite high during the year. • The two trials IAVHT-Deep soil and IAVHt-Shallow soil were conducted on the same piece of land side by side, having

same soil depth. However, the two trials should have been conducted at two different locations (fields) of the farm having deep and shallow soils as per the technical programme.

• Grain should be analyzed for Fe and Zn content. 4. TANDUR

Date of Monitoring: 28th

• One multi-location grain sorghum breeding experiment, IAVHT (Deep Soil) was allotted to ARS, Tandur under AICSIP breeding experiments. The trial at ARS, Tandur was sown on 15

Jan, 2019 Breeding:

th

• There was good rainfall during August & September, then light showers during October, but after that there was no rainfall at all during the season.

October, 2018.

• The head emergence was uniform and complete in almost all entries at ARS, Tandur. Some promising entries such as 1009, 1018, 1016 & 1025 (R-I); 1077, 1064, 1061 & 1052 (R-II) and 1120, 1127 & 1103 (R-III) were found early with good panicle exertion and uniformity were noted.

• Besides AICSIP multilocation trials, there was one state Multi-location trial sown at ARS Tandur and the trial was sown on 2nd

• Two station trials consist of one Preliminary Yield trial and one Advanced yield trial were also planted at ARS, Tandur on 2

November, 2018 and are in milky to dough stage. Crop stand was good in this trial. One drought mutants trial of IIMR, consists of 100 entries was also taken up at Tandur for selection of stable mutants.

nd

• Under station breeding program, different experiments such as Advancement of breeding material (F

November, 2018. Some of the entries such as SVT 55, SVT 59 & SVT 68 in AYT; SVT 502, SVT 504 & SVT 506 were noted as promising.

1s, F2s, F3s, F4s & F5

• Seed multiplication of SVT 53, SVT 55 and SVT 57 are also being undertaken. progenies), Maintenance of germplasm lines, A x R crossing programme are being undertaken..

Physiology: There were two AICRP Physiology trials allotted to ARS, Tandur. The trials were sown on 15th

• The trial on phenotyping advanced rabi sorghum entries for drought adaptation traits – Medium soil; the each entry was sown in 4 rows whereas other centres are following six rows.

October 2018. Good crop stand and uniformity with respect to flowering within the lines was observed.

• Entries such as RSV 2138, RSV 2121, BJV 362 & BJV 371 were found promising. • Heavy lodging in almost all the entries was observed. • The trial on Preliminary evaluation of diverse germplasm for rabi adaptation was sown in one row each entry. • The entries viz., RSV 1921, RSV 2209, PVR 947, VJV 106 and CRS 74 were found to be promising.

Agronomy: In agronomy discipline two AICSIP trials and one station trial was conducted T. No. Trial Name Design Treatments Date of sowing 1R Fertilizer x Genotype interaction in areceding soil moisture

environment Factorial RCBD I Factor – 3 fertility levels

II factor- 6 genotypes 22.10.2018

8R Liquid vs Powder form of biofertilizer in rabi grain sorghum RCBD 6 22.10.2018 Results:

1. Experimental design, plant population and maintenance were good. 2. All agronomy trials were in place and successfully conducted. Few treatments showed non uniformity in growth. 3. Grain sorghum trials were in grain filling stage and some are near to maturity. 4. Pest and disease incidence in the trials was minimum. Few entries were affected by head smut and were recorded 5. Germination of entries in all trials was satisfactory. 6. Agronomy trials were conducted successfully with proper experimental design. 7. In 1R trial, the fertility levels of 100 and 125% RDF appear on par but better than 75% RDF and the performance

of test variety is on par with the checks 8. In 8R trial, liquid Biofertilizers resulted in superior performance over powder form of Biofertilizers. 9. Lodging of plants in the trials was observed due to previous day rains.

5. RAHURI Date of Monitoring: 28th

General observations: . Major portion of soils where rabi sorghum grown in Scarcity zone of Maharashtra are medium and shallow vertisols with undulating terrain. The rabi sorghum yields are very low due to the growing crop in stored soil moisture conditions. Usually, farmers plant rabi sorghum when there is assured rainfall of about 200 mm rainfall occurred in

Jan, 2019



September first fortnight and the soil profile is fully charged at saturation to field capacity. The distribution of rainfall in 2018 rabi season indicated that the total rainfall received from June to December was just 292 mm as against a normal of 520 mm thus recording a deficit of about 56.0%. Moderate amount of rainfall occurred in June (93 mm), July (85.8 mm) and August (96.4 mm) months. While September month received scanty rainfall of 11 mm only. Subsequently, no rainfall occurred until January 2019. With this pattern of rainfall distribution, the planting rabi sorghum is very much difficult as the soil profile was not charged fully in September. Due to failure of monsoonal rains majority of rabi sorghum was not planted in the scarcity zone of Maharashtra especially medium and shallow soils. Hence, severe seedling, pre-and post-flowering drought and heat stresses are prevailing in rabi sorghum growing areas. The major sorghum breeding goals (constraints) at Rahuri incorporating resistance to i) terminal drought and heat stresses, ii) biotic stresses such as shoot fly, aphids, shoot bug, charcoal rot etc., besides developing improved rabi sorghum production technologies. Breeding 1. IAVHT rabi sorghum (Deep Soil): This trial with 28 entries was planted on October 13, 2018. The trial recorded low plant stand in some entries. The crop grew to the height of about 2.0-2.5 m. The crop is at soft dough stage. Based on visual observation promising entries identified for earliness, growth, biomass and grain characteristics include entry # 1017, 1001, 1012, 1018, 1023, 1002, 1067, 1071, 1105, 1122, 1123 and 1119. 2. IAVHT sweet sorghum rabi season trial: This trial with 19 entries was planted on September 9, 2018. The trial recorded low plant stand in some entries. The crop grew to the height of about 2.5-3.5 m. The crop is at flowering to soft dough stage. There were symptoms of aphids and sooty molds observed. Based on visual observation promising entries identified for earliness, growth, biomass and grain characteristics include entry # .8010, 8018, 8011, 8003, 8062, 8061, 8057, 8068, 8106, 8101, 8114 and8113. 3. Drought tolerant mutant trial: This trial with 100 entries was planted on October 13, 2018. The trial recorded low plant stand in some entries. The crop grew to the height of about 1.5-2.00 m. The crop is at flowering stage. There were symptoms of aphids observed. Based on visual observation promising entries identified for earliness, growth, biomass and grain characteristics include entry # T-76, T48, T 96, T50, T25, T80, T90, T5, T8, T9, T96, T61, T38, T3,T21, T33, T58 and T80. Agronomy: Two trials on fertilizer by genotype interactions and agronomic biofortification were conducted at Rahuri. The crops sown on October 15, 2019 with protective irrigation and the conduct of the trials were good. The genotypes are at hard dough stage. Promising entries based on visual biomass and growth traits include SPV 2468 and CSV 22R, while 100% RDF is the best treatment. In agronomic biofortication trial, treatment RDF plus enriched vermi-compost appears to be the best. Physiology: Three physiology trials were organized as per technical program. As mentioned above , the monsoon failed in September, the three trials were planted with 2 protective irrigation which is the exception this year. Drought stress symptoms were appearing severe due to depletion of soil moisture beyond permanent wilting point. The crops planted on October 16, 2018 and grew to a height of 2.0 to 2.5 m and at hard dough stage. Promising entries identified for earliness, growth, biomass and grain characteristics include RSV 1910, RSV 2138, RSV1736, CRS 65, and CRS 67 in medium soil; RSV 1837, RSV 1984, RSV 1988, CRS 74, EP94, PVRL16-2 in preliminary drought adaptation trial and RSV 1986, RSV 2145, CRS 67, CRS 66, CRS 65, BJV129 in root traits phenotyping trial. There were four state multi-location trials were also planted for drought adaption evaluation. PhD student work for drought tolerance is also in progress under rainout shelters. Entomology: Five entomology trials were conducted at MPKV Rahuri. The trials were planted on 15-10-2018. The incidence of shoot fly across trials is ranged from 9.09 to 94.11% DH. Fish meal was used to create artificial screening conditions. The symptoms of spotted stem borer damage observed was negligible. Symptoms of damage by aphids was moderate to high (2-8 rating in 1-9 scale) in some entries. Promising entries identified are listed below:

1. IPM : Entry # T1, T5 showed least damage 2. IAVHT-DS: Entry # for SF: 1008, 1024, 1071, 1078, 1119, 1115 3. IAVHT-SS: Entry # for SF: 3009, 3027, 3019, 3059, 3066, 3107, 3126, 3105, 3123, 3106. 4. AICSIP- SPN: Entry nos for SF: 2121, 2113, 2201, 2233, 2208 5. APSHN: Entry # SF: 4012, 4002, 4220, 4218; Aphids: 4022, 4024, 4013, 4009, 4118, 4116, 4108, 4217, 4211,

4203. Recommendations 1. Due to failure of monsoonal rains in Septembers onwards, all the trials were planted with protective irrigations. Hence,

due caution to be exercised while interpreting /extrapolate the results under dryland stored soil moisture situation where rabi sorghum is grown in farmer fields.

2. Basic parameter on soil physical, chemical parameters, climatic data should be reported along with trial data.



3. Local checks should also be included for drought adaptation mutant trial for comparison. 4. In varietal trials, some of the entries are showed mixtures and non-uniform. Hence, care should be taken that they

should be thoroughly evaluated at the station trials first before entered in AICRP trials. 6. CHAMARAJNAGAR Date of Monitoring: 28 Feb, 2019 General observations: The Rabi 2018-19 trials at Chamarajanagar are conducted with three irrigations at sowing and critical stages as there was no rainfall during this season. The trials were maintained well and crop was in good condition without any considerable incidence of pest and diseases. Only two plots at one end of a replication was more affected by moisture stress which could be due to shallow soils in that region as told by scientist in-charge. This was mainly because of extending the blocks for replication lengthwise instead of making compact blocks. Overall the trial and crop condition was satisfactory. Breeding • IAVHT trial was sown on 31-10-2018 following all the prescribed protocol and crop was maintained well with irrigations

in critical stages. • The plant populations in some of the entries were low which could be due to poor germination as indicated by the

Breeder. • Centre has taken very good effort to protect the crop with bird damage by putting net over the experiment plots. • Field boards, labeling and maintenance of Field book and register were satisfactory. • Some promising entries identified are R1: 1009, 1016, 1017; R2: 1070, 1076, 1061 and R3

• Local check (Gundlupet local) has variability for panicle types which need to be purified and different lines may be isolated.

: 1125, 1117, 1112

• One Agronomist is appointed on temporary basis and can try different sowing windows for kharif and rabi sorghum. • In MLVT given by UAS, Dharwad some entries were found promising which may be tried both in early kharif and rabi

seasons for adaptability and stability. 7. PARBHANI Date of Monitoring: 16 Mar, 2019 Breeding: Five sorghum breeding trials viz., IAVHT -DS, ISSVT, PLT, and IAVHT – SS (Sweet sorghum) and drought mutant trial were conducted at Parbhani main centre under AICSIP breeding experiments. The head emergence in all the trials was very good and uniform. 1. Initial Advanced Varietal cum Hybrid Trial (DS) was sown on 29th October 2018. The plant stand was good and trial was

well managed. Following were the promising entries in this trial. R1: 1012, 1005, 1025, 1004, 1028, 1003, 1002 R2: 1073, 1066, 1058, 1070, 1053, 1078, 1074, 1064, 1075, 1060 R3: 1127, 11231, 1126, 1112, 1114 2. Initial special sorghum varietal trial -ISSVT (DS) was sown on 1st November 2018. The plant stand was good and trial

was well managed. Following were the promising entries in this trial. R1: 302, 321, 319, 326, 318, 307, 313, 311, 317 R2: 360, 359, 354, 378, 358, 362, 368, 369, 365, 367, 351, 376, 353 R3: 424, 419, 305, 425, 402, 421, 407, 403, 401 3. Parental Line Trial (consisting of all hybrid parental lines) was maintained properly and care was taken to maintain purity

by selfing the panicles. Following were the promising entries in this trial. R1: 116, 117, 102,109 R2: 225, 213, 214, 222, 218 R3: 314, 302, 319, 307, 323, 309 4. Initial Advanced Varietal cum Hybrid Trial-Sweet Sorghum was sown 01/11/2018 and crop stand was good with better

foliage cover. Following were the promising entries in this trial R1: 3008, 8004, 8014, 8009, 8001 R2: 8058, 8051, 8069, 8064, 8065, 8056, 8054, 8063, 8060 R3: 8118, 8111, 8112, 8108 5. The trial for "Screening of Sorghum mutants for drought tolerance under moisture stress condition" was sown 3rd

November, 2018. The promising entries were T 85, T 76, T 34, T 53, T 87, T 29, T 86, T 40, T 24, T 83 Besides AICSIP multilocation trials, there were two state, two university and two station trials sown at Parbhani. Two state trials (SMVT-R and SMVT-I) were sown on 29th October, university trials (UMLT -Dual purpose and UMLT-Hurda purpose) and station trials (preliminary varietal trial and preliminary hybrid trial ) were sown on 4th November, 2018. Crop stand was good in all these trials.



Physiology: Two trials, Preliminary evaluation of diverse germplasm and Phenotyping advanced rabi sorghum entries for drought adaptation, were conducted at Parbhani center during Rabi 2018-19. Both trials were well managed and following were the promising entries in these two trials.

Promising entries in Preliminary evaluation of diverse germplasm T16, T13, T35, T39, T19, T12, T3, T10, T20, T36, T27 Promising entries in Phenotyping advanced rabi sorghum entries for drought adaptation T15, T12, T5, T39, T10, T14, T11 Entomology: Four trials were conducted at Parbhani center during Rabi 2018-19. IAVHT (DS) Trial with 35 entries in 2 rows of 2m in RBD replicated thrice and sown on 29.09.18. Promising entries for shoot fly : R1: 1003 (8.00), 1032 (9.52), 1027 (8.70), 1014 (10.00); R2: 1074(10.53), 1054(8.33), 1051 (8.33), 1077 (9.54), 1058 (9.54), 1064 (8.33); R3: 1114 (8.33), 1105 (8.33), 1129 (7.24), 1102 (7.14), 1119910.00), 1107(9.09). Promising entries for stem borer: R1: 1003,1017,1032,1014; R2: 1054,2051,1058,1085; R3: 1129,1102, 1119, 1108, 1126 AICSIP SPN: (Entries : 34) sown on 29.09.18 Promising entries for shoot fly : R1: 2021 (7.69), 2003(15.79), 2016 (11.54), 2023 (13.33), 2006 (14.29), 2007 (13.64), 2026 (11.54), 2008 (13.04): R2: 2127 (15.38), 2126 (8.00), 2131 (12.00), 2134 (15.79), 2114 (14.29), 2124 (14.29), 2107 (15.00), 2121 (9.09), 2109 (15.79).; R3: 2213 (11.76), 2214 (12.50), 2233 (13.64), 2216 (13.04), 2217 (10.53), 2223 (11.11), 2218 (10.00), 2221 (13.64), 2226 (8.76). Promising entries for stem borer : R1: 2126, 2007, 2026, 2008; R2:2126, 2131, 2124, 2121, 2119; R3: 2212, 2214, 2223, 2233, 2216 IAVHT(SS) Trial ( Entries : 29) sown on 29.09.18. Promising entries for shoot fly : R1: 33023 (14.29), 3009 (16.00), 3011 (20.00), 3003 (20.00), 3021 (20.00), 3012 (20.00); R2: 3075 (11.76), 3055 (20.00), 3078 (15.38), 3069 (15.79), 3054 (14.29), 3060 (17.65), 3067 (14.81); R3: 3107 (12.50), 3126 (5.88), 3110 (14.29), 3112 (11.11), 3123 (8.33), 3119 (12.00), 3106 (12.50), 3118 (11.76), 3113 (10.53), 3114 (10.00). Promising entries for stem borer : R1: 3006, 3009, 3027, 3028, 3022, 3010; R2: 3052, 3073, 3054, 3067; R3: 3110, 3105, 3112, 3119, 3106 APSHN Trial (Entries : 25) sown on 26.10.18. Promising entries for shoot fly : R1: 4001 (16.00), 4022 (15.38), 4002 (14.81), 4019 (7.69), 4004 (0.00), 4025 (0.00), 4007 (0.00); R2: 4106 (7.41), 4114 (11.11), 4107 (4.55), 4121 (10.71), 4117 (3.57), 4103 (9.52); R3: 4207 (9.52), 4220 (15.38), 4224 (13.04), 4215 (4.35), 4222 (5.00), 4210 (0.00). Promising entries for stem borer : 4001, 4022, 4002, 4019, 4004, 4025, 4007; R2: 4106, 4114, 4107, 4121, 4117, 4103, 4120, 4115; R3: 4207, 4220, 4224, 4215, 4222 Pathology: Four trials were conducted in pathology Charcoal rot % was more and it was upto 30% in IAVHT-SS than other trials . The foliar diseases leaf blight was observed upto 5 rating scale and rust upto 4 scale in different trials. Promising entries in different trials were as follow: IAVHT-SS : R 1 : 3008, 3006, 3009, 3001, 3021, 3007, 3017, 3019, 3014, R2: 3065, 3052, 3054, 3062, 3061, 3060, R 2: 3105, 3116, 3102, 3121, 3114. IAVHT-DS: were R I : 1005, 1020,1003,1017,1001,1004, 1013, 1007,1009,1023,1011, R II: 1074, 1051, 1077, 1071, 1063, 1070, 1075,1055, 1061, 1067, 1072 ,1073, 1064, 1053 ,R III: 1114, 1105, 1125,1106, 1107, 1102, 1127, 1121, 1111, 1126, 1104, 1117. Charcoal rot Nursery trial: CRN01, CRN05,CRN06, CRN07, CRN09. Bio-management of Charcoal rot :The highest charcoal rot percentage was observed in control whereas lowest Charcoal Rot Index was observed in Trichoderma harzianum Liquid formulation. Agronomy: Following one agronomic experiment (1R) was conducted. The trial was well managed and all the required observations were recorded The treatments combination of F2V6 (75% RDX & CSV 29R ) and F1V6 (50% RDX & CSV 29R) were looking promising.

T.No. Trial Name Design Treatments DOS 1R Response of pre-released

sorghum genotypes to different fertility levels

Factorial RBD

6 Genotypes (SPV 246, M35-1, CSH 13R, CSV 22R, CSV 29R) 3 fertilizer levels (50, 75, 100% RDF)

17-10-2018



APPENDICES

Appendix I: AICRP on Sorghum plan and instructions Zone-wise testing during the year will have all test-entries coded. Besides field performance and, screening for resistance to major biotic and abiotic stress factors, the additional data on grain and stover quality, market-price, and wherever possible even on food quality will be collected and documented. A. The trials and nurseries

1. Kharif: IHT, AHT, IVT, AVT (If number of entries are less we will be clubbing hybrid and varietal trials like last year as IVHT and AVHT)

2. Sweet sorghum: IHT, AHT, IVT, AVT (If number of entries are less we will be clubbing hybrid and varietal trials like last year as IVHT and AVHT)

3. Forage sorghum (both single and multi-cut): IHT, AHT, IVT, AVT (If number of entries are less we will be clubbing hybrid and varietal trials like last year as IVHT and AVHT)

4. Late kharif: IHT, AHT, IVT, AVT (If number of entries are less we will be clubbing hybrid and varietal trials like last year as IVHT and AVHT)

5. Rabi: IHT, AHT, IVT, AVT (If number of entries is less, we will be clubbing hybrid and varietal trials like last year as IVHT and AVHT) and Parental line trials. The AVT, AHT, IVT & IHT will have both irrigated and moisture receding condition trials.

6. Parental line trials: All those from public sector need to submit all three parents of each hybrid sent for testing (min. 100 gm seed).

7. Agronomy and physiology trials: For grain, dual purpose, sweet and forage sorghums as per the experimental plans

8. Single-cut, multi-cut forages and any special purpose types. All the entries will be included in breeding, pathology and entomology trials. B. Calendar

Activities Tentative dates Submission of trial entries 01 April (Multi cut); 15 April (Kharif & Late kharif); 05 August (Rabi) Dispatching of seeds to centers 15 April (Multi cut); 15 May (Kharif); 30 July (Late kharif); 20 August

(Rabi) Report on sowings and plant stand 15 July (Kharif), 20 September (Late kharif) and 15 October (Rabi) Shoot fly data As per plan provided by PI, Entomology Submission of final data 30 November (Kharif), 30 January (Late kharif) and 15 March (Rabi) Completion of statistical analysis of the data 10 January (Kharif); 07 February (Late kharif); 20 April (Rabi) Completion of all reports in bound form 25 February Next AGM April Proceedings of AGM 30 April



C. Special instructions and specific actions (a calendar is separately issued) • Periodic reports are needed from the Centres so that the PC is able update the ICAR Hqs. on

sorghum situation in the country. • Calendar of activities: The program is suffering because of non-adherence to the schedule,

especially to dispatch data on coordinated trials. This calls for immediate remedial action. • SOEs and AUCs must be very promptly submitted

• Uniformity in reporting and data recording is a matter of concern, in spite of guidelines being circulated repeatedly. Please use standard format, terminology and SI units.

(so far, compliance on this ground is very poor).

• Detailed pedigree of a test entry is a must: Without which no entry will be included in trials. • Submission of all parental lines (A, B and R) of all advanced entries with their pedigree

details: is a must for conducting parental line trials. Without parental lines for PLT trials, entries for hybrid trials will not be accepted. Ideally, you need to gather DUS data as soon as a good line is identified.

D. Sources of errors and how to avoid them

• Don’t treat the seeds of any entries: Seed treatments influence the outcome of pest and disease resistance trials. All treated entries will be summarily rejected.

• Please fill all the fields in your data sheets: Absence of information creates problems for interpretation.

• Please follow suggested plan strictly: Your own modified plans for experiments are impediments for uniformity in trials. Always plant in time and plant enough border rows.

• Seeds should have good germination: The seeds with low germinability and vigour leads to poor plant stand and vitiates the experiment and even the ranking of top most hybrids. Seeds having less than 80% germination will be straight away rejected.

E. Pedigree information and source of original breeding stocks

• There must be compulsorily checked by all public sector institutions. Breeding schemes may also be mentioned such as MABC, derived from RM populations, etc., with all essential details.

• From private sector also we invite all above information. Detailed pedigree and breeding scheme is compulsory for any repeated test (like AVHT).

• We urge all to collect data on DUS characteristics even before submitting seeds.



Appendix II: Proforma for submission of entries for AICRP on Sorghum trials (2 pages)

To The Project Coordinator All India Coordinated Research Project on Sorghum Indian Institute of Millets Research Rajendranagar Hyderabad- 500 030

Sub: Details regarding submission of entries for AICSIP Trials

1. Kindly find attached here with the details, in the enclosed proforma, of our entries (including detailed pedigree for all centres, and Testing fees# @ Rs. 1,00,000/- plus service tax per entry per season for all private company entries as per ICAR norms) for testing in AICSIP Kharif / Late Kharif/ Rabi*

Thanking you,

Sincerely,

(Signature of Station I/c./DR/CEO / authorized signatory of the company)

multi-location trials (IVT/AVT/IHT/AHT)** of kharif grain / rabi grain / single-cut forage / multi-cut forages / sweet sorghum. It is certified that the information submitted is true to the best of my knowledge.

2. Name : __________________________________ Designation : __________________________________ Institute/ : __________________________________ Company : __________________________________ Address : __________________________________

: __________________________________ Tel/Fax/E-mail : __________________________________

(Seal/ Stamp) *Strikeout which is not applicable



3. Name and address of the scientist submitting entries Name : _____________________________ Designation : _____________________________ Telephone : _________________ Fax : _________________ E-mail : _____________________________

4. Name of the entry and detailed pedigree

*Strikeout which is not applicable; § Trials: IVT, IHT, AVT, AHT, preliminary DUS Testing; Zones: I/II/III/All Zones ** Entries without detailed pedigree are not accepted from public sector; parental lines (min. 500 g seeds) of hybrids must also be provided; # Private companies entries are accepted only along with DD for testing fees @ Rs.1,00,000/-plus service tax per trial/season as per ICAR norms; Even for private, providing pedigree details is compulsory from 2nd

year of testing.

(Signature & date) (Seal / Stamp)

S. No

Name of the entry

(station code)

Name of the trial and the Zone for which it

is a entry§

Detailed Pedigree of hybrid/ variety**

DUS charac-teristics

Breeding method & stage (F7

etc.)

Quantity of seed

submitted (Kg)

Seed germination

(%) at the time of

submission of entry

Testing fees total (Rs.)

DD No. and date; Name of bank on which DD is drawn#

1. Please note that entries should not be treated with any chemicals. Treated seeds are summarily rejected. 2. Seed quantity to be submitted without fail: IVT-5 Kgs. IHT-5 Kgs. AVT-10 Kgs. AHT-10 Kgs. For large plot agronomy

trials of advanced entries: 15 Kgs. 3. Submission of about a minimum of 150 gms of each varietal entry in IVT is mandatory for further submission to ICAR-

NBPGR, New Delhi. 4. Your entries may not be accepted if:

a. Quantity is less than specified; b. Germination after receiving is less than 85%; c. Seed is a mixture, or treated with chemicals; d. Not received before deadline.

5. Please do not ask for extension of date for submission of seeds (date on which it reaches DSR only will be considered).

IVT - Initial Varietal Trial; AVT - Advanced Varietal Trial; IHT - Initial Hybrid Trial; AHT - Advanced Hybrid Trial



Appendix III: Information on parental lines / entries submitted

(AICRP on Sorghum centre scientists to note: Without parental lines no hybrid will be accepted as entry

in trials) (minimum quantity to be submitted: 100g)

S. No.

Name of the

parental line

Pedigree Year/Season of

production

Seed grading done? Yes/No

Seed treatment done? If yes, with what chemical and concentration? Why this was done in spite of instructions to the

contrary?

Certified that the above information is true to the best of my knowledge and I hereby confirm the same. Signature : ________________________________________ Name : ________________________________________ Centre/company : ________________________________________ Address : ________________________________________ ________________________________________ __________________Pin:__________________ Telephone : ________________________________________ Fax : ________________________________________ E-mail : ________________________________________

(Authorized signatory & date) Name & e-mail of authorized signatory: ____________________________



Appendix IV: New CVRC proforma of release and notification proposal

S.No. Item Page no.

1 Title page 2 Provide clear photographs of:

A. Field view of crop B. Plant close-up C. Ear-head/Panicle (close-up) D. Grain (close-up)

3 Summary of Proposal

4 Proforma

5 Summary yield data of coordinated varietal trials

6 Adaptability to agronomic variables

7 Reaction to major diseases

8 Reaction to insect pests

9. Data on quality characteristics

10. Data on other important characters

11. Parentage and pedigree Annexure I & II

12. DNA profile of variety* Annexure III

13. DUS - Descriptors of variety Annexure IV

14. Copy of allotment of IC numbers from NBPGR* Annexure V

15. Copy of recommendation of workshop* Annexure VI

16. Package of practice Annexure VII * This proforma can be used for VIC also, except for the marked ones.

Note: Concerned breeder of the variety shall present the identification proposal to the Varietal identification Committee, highlighting characteristics of the candidate variety and other related issues.

Visit our website for complete format: www.millets.res.in



Appendix V: Bench marking of varieties of important agricultural and horticultural crops



Appendix VI: Criterion for best AICRP on Sorghum centre prize

To encourage healthy competition among AICRP on Sorghum centers (including voluntary centers) IIMR has decided to constitute a biannual Best AICRP on Sorghum Center Prize. Eligibility criterion Regular AICRP on Sorghum centers or voluntary centers approved from AICRP on Sorghum Coordinating cell (any change of location made at the center level will not be considered). A center receiving the prize will not be considered for next two years. Selection criterion

Monitoring team report: Mainly will cover the quality of experimentation (including sticking to sowing plan, field data recording, plant protection measures, cleanliness of the field etc.) (5 marks), maintenance of data booklet (5 marks), involvement of all the AICRP on Sorghum staffs in the programme (5 marks)

15 marks

Data quality: Number of trials conducted (5 marks), whether data booklets have been filled and submitted in right format (5 mark), CV of various experiments and utility of the data (10 marks), consistency of the quality of the data over last three years (5 marks)

25 marks

Compliance to the deadlines and response to Coordinating cell’s requests: Compliance of the centers to various deadlines (5 marks), Promptness in response (5 marks)

10 marks

Quality & quantity of seeds of the entries/checks contributed by the centers: Whether seeds of the checks/entries supplied in right quantity and quality 5 marks

Financial compliance: Fund utilization and submission of AUC 5 marks

Publications: Publications as a team, AICRP on Sorghum, IIMR, quality of journal (AICRP on Sorghum-IIMR team publication 7 marks, AICRP on Sorghum publication 3, quality of journal 5

15 marks

Product releases: Number of variety / hybrid / technology releases 10 marks

Seed productions: Variety/hybrid production (tons) 15 marks

Deciding authority Project Coordinator with input from all PIs and Nodal Officers Prize A certificate and a trophy

c o n t e n t s · 2020-03-16 · cv ratnavathi and r venkateswarlu..... 42 compositional grain...

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