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C O P Y R I G H T

T E R M S A N D D I S C L A I M E R

TESLA

One afternoon in 1861, five-year-

old Nikola Tesia was watching his

mother cooking in their home inthe village of Smiljan, Croatia.

"I spend so much time andenergy beating these eggs," hismother complained. "By the timeI'm finished, my wrists ache so."

"But, Mother," Nikola said,

"what about the eggbeater youinvented. Doesn't that make the

work easier?"

Mrs. Tesia shrugged. "It's justtwo forks tied together. I still haveto do all the work. Now if I could

think of a way to get the forks toturn automatically ..."

Nikola didn't hear anything

more. In his mind a picture hadformed, an image of his mother'seggbeater forks attached to aspinning cylinder. But what couldhe find to drive it? Day and night

he thought about the problem.

Dreams and InventionsYears passed, during which

young Nikola invented a popgunand a new kind of bow and arrow

that was so powerful and true allthe kids in his village wanted one.He even experimented with flight.He jumped from the barn roofholding an open umbrella andnearly broke his neck in the

process.All that time, in the back of his

mind was the problem of how tomake a motor that would do work

such as turning his mother's egg-

beater.

Then one day when he wasnine, Nikola rushed into thehouse flushed with excitement.

"Mother!" he yelled. "I've done it!I've invented a real motor!"

Nikola quickly led his motherto the barn. When Mrs. Tesia saw

what her son had done, she didn't

know whether to hug him or scoldhim. The boy had rigged up aclever system of spinning wheelsand pulleys, powered by sixteenwildly fluttering June bugs. Nikkihad glued them one by one to slatson top of the apparatus.

"Nikki!" his mother cried. "This

will never do!"

"I know, Mother," Nikola saidhurriedly. "But if I double thenumber of bugs, it'll turn much

faster."

Mrs. Tesia soon convinced

Nikola that using live insects thisway was not only unsanitary butalso unkind. Nikola agreed to look

for other ways to drive a motor.This story has been told many

times. Whether it's true or not,

it shows the fire and originality

that made Nikola Tesia a great

inventor.

In the years that followed,Tesia buried himself in the study

of physics and electrical engineer-ing. He amazed his teachers bydiscovering ways to improveelectrical motors and generators.

When Tesia was a young man,

inventors everywhere were tryingto figure out how to make electricpower available to everyone.There were two possible ways todo it: direct current (d.c.) and

alternating current (a.c.). (See"Electrical Currents" on page 33.)

Working with EdisonIn the United States, Thomas

Alva Edison was just beginninga crusade to use d.c: to deliver

electrical power to the big cities.In the late 1800s, electricity

was still mysterious and fright-ening to most people. And it wasexpensive. Edison and his engi-neers still hadn't found a way to

make a direct current of elec-

tricity travel long distancesthrough wires. Power plants hadto be built close to the places that

wanted electricity.

Tesia thought he saw a way tomake alternating current work.With great ideas tucked away inhis mind, Tesia arrived in theUnited States in 1884. Almost

immediately, Tesia was hired byThomas Edison himself, Tesia told

Edison about his ideas. He wanted

to make electricity available usinga.c., which could deliver electricityover long distances—to whereverit might be needed.

But Edison did not want to

hear anything about alternatingcurrent. "Ridiculous!" Edison

would snap whenever Nikolamentioned his ideas. "Everybody

knows a.c. is dangerous. Besides,my whole operation is set up fordirect current."

NIKOLATESLA

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