c program day-8

7/31/2019 C Program Day-8

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2/17

Define Structure

Create Structure variable

Access structure member using . operator

Array of Structures, passing structure to function

Nested Structures


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Structure are collection of different datatype

grouped together under a single variable name for

convienient handling. 'struct' is a keyword, struct type

is a name which identifies the structure.syntax : struct

{

datatype member1;

datatype member2;};

struct book{

int pages;char bookname[10];

char author[20];

float price;

};


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J A V A H A U N T E R 467

Book Name Author Name Pages


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Individual structure type variables can be declared asfollows:

Syntax :struct structurename variable1, variable2, ..... variable n;

ExampleStruct book b1; /* b1 is a structure variable name */

Member variables can be accessed using the dot or periodoperator as follows:

Syntax :

Stru_variablename.membername;

ExampleB1.pages=400;B1.price=450.00;


6/17

Write a Program the create the Account Details using Structure?

#include

struct amount

{

int ac_no;

char name[10];

int balance;

};

void main(){

struct amount v;

printf("\nEnter the account Details");

scanf("%d%s%d",&v.ac_no,&v.name, &v.balance);printf("The values are %d%s%d",v.ac_no,

v.name, v.balance);

printf("%d",sizeof(struct amount));

}


7/17

Write a program to create student structure#include

struct stud

{

int id;char name[20];

int mark1,mark2,mark3;

int total;

int avg;

}b;void main()

{

printf("\nEnter the student details");

scanf("%d %s %d %d %d",&b.id,&b.name,

&b.mark1,&b.mark2,&b.mark3);

b.total=b.mark1+b.mark2+b.mark3;

b.avg=b.total/3;

printf("%d %s %d %d %d",b.id,b.name, b.mark1, b.mark2,

b.mark3);}


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Initializing StructuresLike variables and arrays, structure variables can be initialized at the

beginning of the program.

Consider the following program :The variable emp1 and emp2 of the type employee can be initialized

when it is declared as


9/17

Array of structures are defined as a group of data ofdifferent data types stored in a consecutive memory location with a

common variable name.

For Example,

struct employee

{

int empno;

char empname[20];

char deptname[10];

float salary;

}emp[5];


10/17

Passing Structures as Arguments

A structure variable can be passed as an argument toanother function

This is a useful facility and it is used to pass groups of

logically related data items together instead of passing

them one by one.


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/*PASSING STRUCTURES TO FUNCTION ARGUMENTS*/

#include

struct record

{

char *name;

int acct_no;

char acct_type;

float bal;};

struct record fun(struct record);

void main(){

struct record c;

printf("\n Enter Details");

scanf("%s%d%c%f",c.name,&c.acct_no, &c.acct_type, &c.bal);

c=fun(c); //calling

printf("\n%s %d %c %f",c.name,c.acct_no,c.acct_type,c.bal);

}


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struct record fun(struct record r)

{r.name="Raja";

r.acct_no=1567;

r.acct_type='R';

r.balance=900.00;return(r);

}


13/17

Passing the structure member as aparameter to the function#include#includetypedef struct stud

{int roll_no;char name[20];float marks;}student;student st;

void print_rec(int,char [],float);void main(){char ans;clrscr();do

{printf("\n \t Enter the record");printf("\n Enter the Roll Number");scanf("%d",&st.roll_no);

printf("\n Enter the Name");scanf("%s",st.name);

printf("\n Enter the Marks");scanf("%f",&st.marks);print_rec(st.roll_no,st.name,st.marks);printf("\n Do U Want to store the More

record ");ans=getche();}while(ans=='y');}

void print_rec(int r,char n[],float m)

{printf("\n You have Entered Followingrecord");printf("\n %d %s %f",r,n,m);}


14/17

Nested Structure

A structure within another structure is called Nesting of

structures.The declaration of the embedded structure must appear before

the declaration of the outer structure.

Example

Struct date

{

int month;

int day;int year;

};

struct account

{

int acc_no;char name[40];

char acc_type;

float balance;

struct date dob;

} customer;


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/* NESTED STRUCTURES

A structure within another

structure */

#includestruct dob {

int date;

int month;

int year; };

struct stud{

int sno;

char sname[10];

struct dob sdob;

char sex; };void main()

{

struct stud s;

clrscr();

printf("enter the sno\n");

scanf("%d",&s.sno);

printf("enter the sname\n");

scanf("%s",s.sname);printf("enter the dob\n");

scanf("%d%d%d %c",&s.sdob.date,

&s.sdob.month,&s.sdob.year,&s.sex);

printf("%d\t %s\t %d %d %d \t

%c", s.sno, s.sname, s.sdob.date,

s.sdob.month, s.sdob.year, s.sex);

getch();

}


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Session Summary

The keyword struct begins the structure definition followed by the tag(i.e strcture

name) within the braces the structure members are declared

The structure definition create a new data type that can be used to declare variables.

A member of structure is always referred and accessed using the member accessoperator(.) via the structure variable name

A structure containing a member that is a pointer to the same structure type is called

as a self referential structure.

The structure pointer operator ( ) is used when accessing a member of a structure via

a pointer to the structure


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EXERCISES

1. Define a structure in C that contains the following:

a. An integer quantity called Won

b. An integer quantity called Lost

c. A floating quantity called Lost

d. An array of characters to hold the name

Include the user defined data type record within the definition?

2. Define a structure called student that will describe the following information student

name,class,rollno, subject marks & total. Using student declare an array stu_list

with 30 elements. Write program in C to read the information about all the 30

students and to display the information?

c program day-8

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