c R o s sVOWME5

R o A D s

Imperialism andRace Relations

----Revised Edition----H.R.Cowie

(editor)

Mairi Collins John Fishburn Josie James Delia Ryan

Nelson

Contents

Imperialism in Ancient and Mediaeval TimesAncient Empires/ The Empire 0/ Alexander the Great/ The'Pax Romana': the Achievements 0/ the Romans/ Islam: theEmpire 0/ Allah/Definitions 0/ 'Empire' and 'Imperialism'

2 The Age of Discovery and the Extension of EuropeanImperialism 10The Crusades and the Renaissance/ The Age 0/ Discovery/Motives behind European Imperialism/ The Dutch, Frenchand British Empires/ The Administration 0/ the ColonialEmpires

3 British Imperialism in India 22British Involvement in India/The British Impact uponIndia/The Growth 0/ Indian Nationalism/Towards TwoNations/The Significance 0/ 'Mahatma' Gandhi/Partition andIndependence

4 The New Imperialism and its Effects 41Phases in 19th Century Imperialism/The NewImperialism-What Was It?/Motives behind the NewImperialism/Theories Attempting to Explain the NewImperialism/Effects o/Imperialism/The Effects 0/Imperialism upon Europe

5 Dutch, French and German Imperialism 61The Colonial Empires 0/ Holland, France and Germany/Colonial Rule in the Mercantilist and Early Industrial Phases:the Dutch and the French/Colonial Rule /rom the Era 0/ theNew Imperialism to the Outbreak 0/ World War IL' Holland,France and Germany/Imperialism and the Colonised Peoples

6 The Scramble for Africa 83A/rica be/ore 1880/ Why Did This Scramble/or A/ricaOccur?/How Did the Scramble /or A/rica Affect the A/ricans ?

7 Western Imperialism in China and Japan 97The Chinese Sense 0/ Superiority/European Interests inChina/The Establishment 0/ 'Spheres 0/ Influence' in China/

Western Penetration 0/ Japan/Japanese Resistance to Western ,Imperialism/Early Rejection and Later Acceptance

8 The Decolonisation Process and the Third WorId 110The Background to Decolonisation/The Mandate Systemunder the League 0/ Nations/The Trusteeship System underthe United Nations/The Emergence 0/ the 'Third World'

9 Great Power Imperialism in the Twentieth Century 123Britain in Decline/United States Imperialism/ImperialistActivities 0/ Tsarist Russia and the USSR/JapaneseImperialism

10 Neo-Colonialism and Neo-Imperialism 150What is Neo-Imperialism? / Aid as Imperialism/CulturalImperialism

11 Imperialism ancI-Race Relations: The Responses of MohandasGandhi and Frantz Fanon 160European Attitudes to Subject Peoples/Gandhi's Response toEuropean Colonialism and Racism/The Influence 0/ Gandhi'sLife and Ideas/Fanon's Response to European Colonialismand Racism/The Influence 0/ Fanon 's Life and Ideas/Gandhi,Fanon and Contemporary Australia

12 Historical Background to Racial Tensions 186The Meaning 0/ Race/Historical Perspective/Anti-Semitism-A Special Case/The Nature 0/ Racism

13 The Negro Problem in the USA 203From Slavery to Emancipation/From Emancipation to WorldWar II/The Struggle /or Equality/Direct Mass Action/Drifttowards Extremism/Black Nationalism and BlackPower/Conditions in Recent Times

14 Apartheid in South Africa 240Historical Background to Race Relations in South A/rica/ TheNature 0/ the Apartheid System/Internal Opposition toApartheid/External Pressures against the ApartheidSystem/Winds 0/ Change?

15 Maori-Pakeha Relations in New Zealand 269Early European Attitudes to the Maoris/British Annexationand the Maori Wars/The Place o/the Maori in Modern NewZealand

16 Race Relations in Australia 282Racism as a Factor in Australian History/AustralianImmigration and Foreign Policies/ Aboriginal - WhiteRelations

17 Race Relations and Human Rights 311Means 0/ Alleviating Racial Tensions/The Problem 0/ RaceRelations and Human Rights

Glossary 316Index 319

Maps1.1 The Empire of Alexander the Great 21.2 The Roman Empire at its Peak 51.3 The Moslem Empire in 750 AD 72.1 Indian Empires in the Americas 152.2 Spanish and Portuguese Imperial Claims in America and Africa 163.1 British Territories in India at the Height of the Empire 255.1 The Competition for Empire circa 1890 685.2 European Possessions in South-East Asia Before

Decolonisation 725.3 German Possessions in Africa and the Pacific in 1913 776.1 The Influence of African Geography on History 846.2 Africa on the Eve of Partition circa 1880 886.3 Africa in 1914 927.1 The Western Presence in China 1008.1 Africain 1975 1128.2 League of Nations Mandates 1149.1 The Growth ofthe United States 1789-1869 1269.2 Europe 1960 1349.3 Afghanistan and its Neighbours 1429.4 Japanese Expansionism 14512.1 Major Migrations since circa 1650 AD 19013.1 The Civil War 21114.1 South Africa and the Proposed Bantu 'Homelands' 25015.1 Approximate Distribution of Maori Settlement in 1840 271

Diagrams4.1 Export of European Capital10.1 The Cycle of Poverty13.1 Unequal Opportunities in the USA13.2 Problems in Negro Families

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