c. restoring maintaining wooded riparian...
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18 C. Restoring & Maintaining Wooded Riparian Areas
Jon A. SouderForest Watershed Extension Specialist
Brad Withrow‐RobinsonForestry and Natural Resources Extension Agent
Benton, Linn, & Polk Counties
Getting To Know Each Other1. Restoring Riparian Areas on Own Property?
• Aesthetic Reasons
• Wildlife Habitat
• Bank Stability
2. Adjacent Land Use?
• Forestry
• Agriculture
• Rural Residential
Restoring & Maintaining Wooded Riparian Areas
Course Objective
1. Understand key challenges & steps in riparian restoration;
2. How to be a good partner in riparian restoration projects.
Organization1.Planning for project success.
2.Design to meet your needs & the site’s capability.
3.Implementation guidance to “Git‐R‐Done”.
Planning for Success
Restoring & Maintaining Wooded Riparian Areas
Scale: Reach → Stream → Watershed
Landowner Partners (Funders/Agencies)
Goal: Restore Riparian FunctionsEcological: Stream (aquatic) & Upland (terrestrial)
Aesthetic: Natural (messy) & Park‐like (orderly)
Economic: Bank Protection & Mitigation
Planning: Project Constraints
Restoring & Maintaining Wooded Riparian Areas
Bio‐physical: Landform & Soils/Flooding Plants
Rosgen, D.L. (2007). In Part 654 Stream Restoration Design National Engineering Handbook (210‐VI‐NEH), J. Bernard, J.F. Fripp & K.R. Robinson (Eds.). USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Washington, D.C.
Restoring & Maintaining Wooded Riparian Areas
Bottomlands (Major)
Soils: Tend to be coarse, very well drained, sandy soils.
Conditions: Frequent disturbances, floods, drought.
Planning: Landforms, Soils, and Moisture Bottomlands (Small)
Soils: Typically heavy, clayey, poorly drained.
Conditions: Flooding, standing water.
Uplands Higher Gradient
Soils: Stony, silt, clay; somewhat poor to well drained.
Conditions: Side slopes, high soil moisture, potential erosion.
Planning: Project Constraints
Restoring & Maintaining Wooded Riparian Areas
Sociological: Neighbors & Neighborhood
1. Shading your neighbor’s field or yard.
2. Cutting off neighbor’s views.
3. Reducing sightlines around road curves.
https://nac.unl.edu/images/practices/riparianforestbuffers2.jpg
Planning: Project Constraints
Restoring & Maintaining Wooded Riparian Areas
Regulatory:
1. Powerline Easements.
2. County Riparian Ordinances.
3. Fill:Removal Permits (DSL; CoE).
king5.com/photo/2016/11/02/KING_wetland_utility_pole_1478141415290_6709829_ver1.0.JPG
Planning: Implementation Considerations
Restoring & Maintaining Wooded Riparian Areas
1. Do It Yourself (limited acreage)
2. Contract It (funding needed)
3. Volunteers (management needed)
Planning Q & A
Restoring & Maintaining Wooded Riparian Areas
Species Selection: “Right Plants for Right Site”
SpeciesTolerance To:
Flooding Drought ShadeBigleaf Maple Medium Medium HighBlack Cottonwood High Low LowGrand Fir Medium Medium HighOregon Ash High Medium Medium to HighOregon White Oak High to Medium High LowPonderosa Pine Medium High LowWhite Alder High Low to Medium LowRed Alder High Low LowWestern Redcedar High Low High
Restoring & Maintaining Wooded Riparian Areas
Design: Locally‐Adapted Planting Stock
http://wvcoop.nativeseednetwork.org/
Why Is This Critical:1. Locally‐adapted plants have a greater likelihood
of success in your riparian project.2. Match elevation, moisture regime, and genetics.
What Needs To Be Accomplished:1. Select desired species and planting stock types.
2. Identify sources of supply, either cuttings or nursery stock.
Restoring & Maintaining Wooded Riparian Areas
Design: Planting Stock TypesBareroot
http://www.gardeners.com/how‐to/planting‐bare‐root/8764.html
Cuttings
http://soundnativeplants.com/nursery/live‐stakes‐and‐cuttings/
Plugs
Sound Native Plants
Container
Sound Native Plants
Restoring & Maintaining Wooded Riparian Areas
Design: Obtaining Planting StockPurchase From NurseryGrow/Collect Your Own
http://wildhorseriverworks.com/publications/lci.pdf
Considerations:Missouri Botanical Garden ss00313ra.jpg Sound Native Plants
• Availability • Transport • Capacity• Cost • Sanitation • Effort
Restoring & Maintaining Wooded Riparian Areas
Design: Planting Density, Arrangement, SequenceDensity Considerations:1. Cost of Plants
2. Ability to Capture Site
3. Future Maintenance Needs
Arrangement & Sequence Choices:1. Clumped by Species vs. Random
2. Inter‐ & Intra‐Species Competition
3. “All Species At Once” vs. Succession
Spacing: 4’ x 4’ = 2,723 tpa6’ x 6’ = 1,210 tpa8’ x 8’ = 681 tpa
12’ x 12’ = 303 tpaDesign Q & A
Implementation
Restoring & Maintaining Wooded Riparian Areas
Stages:
1. Site Preparation
2. Handling & Planting Seedlings and Cut Stock
3. Post‐planting Maintenance
4. Management Monitoring
Restoring & Maintaining Wooded Riparian Areas
Why Is This Critical:
1. Creates Conditions For Success.
2. Reduces Maintenance Needs.
What Needs To Be Accomplished:
1. Remove Competing Vegetation.
2. May Want To Recontour Slope.
Implementation: Site Preparation
Restoring & Maintaining Wooded Riparian Areas
Implementation: Problematic Weed SpeciesKnotweeds(Japanese, Giant, Himalayan)
English Ivy
Himalayan Blackberry
Field Bindweed
Morishita et al. 2005.
Reed Canary Grass
minnesotaseasons.com/Plants/Large/R/reed_canary_grass_02.jpg
Policeman’s Helmet
Restoring & Maintaining Wooded Riparian Areas
Implementation: Handling Planting StockWhy Is This Critical:1. You Can Kill Plants Before They
Go Into Ground!2. Bare Root Stock Particularly
Sensitive.
What Needs To Be Accomplished:1. Keep Seedlings Moist, Cool,
Shaded. 2. Don’t Over Pack.
Scianna et al. 2005.
Tilley & St. John 2012..
Restoring & Maintaining Wooded Riparian Areas
Implementation: Planting PracticesWhy Is This Critical:
1. This Starts Their Growth!
2. Plants Start Healthy, Then Die
What Needs To Be Accomplished:
1. Be Observant & Follow Guides.
2. Live Stakes Need More Than Just Sticking in Ground.
Restoring & Maintaining Wooded Riparian Areas
Implementation: Post‐planting MaintenanceWhy Is This Critical:
• Protects Your Investment
• Improves Growth & Diversity
What Needs To Be Accomplished:
• Avoid Damaging Plantings!
• Frequency Determined By Conditions
Restoring & Maintaining Wooded Riparian Areas
Implementation: Protection From Weed Competition
Scalp Weed Mat / Mulch
Weed Eat / Mow
Spray
Restoring & Maintaining Wooded Riparian Areas
Implementation: Protecting From Animal DamageVexar Tree Tubes
Printing Plates Chicken Wire Wire Cages
pri.org/stories/2016‐06‐03/vancouvers‐former‐olympic‐village‐now‐home‐urban‐beavers
Aluminum Foil Exclosures
Restoring & Maintaining Wooded Riparian Areas
Implementation: Management Monitoring
• Early Detection of Problems
• Attainment of Objectives
Why Is This Critical:
What Needs To Be Accomplished:
• Walk Throughs or Plots
• Frequency Declines Over Time
Additional Resources:
Restoring & Maintaining Wooded Riparian Areas
1. “A Guide to Riparian Tree and Shrub Planting in the Willamette Valley: Steps to Success” (2011) https://catalog.extension.oregonstate.edu/em9040
2. “Managing Himalayan Blackberry in Western Oregon Riparian Areas” (2006) https://catalog.extension.oregonstate.edu/em8894
3. “Coastal Oregon Riparian Silviculture Guide” (2003) https://www.oregon.gov/OWEB/docs/pubs/riparianmonitoringguide.pdf
4. “Native Plants for Willamette Valley Yards” (2013)http://www.oregonmetro.gov/sites/default/files/native_plants_for_willamette_valley_yards_booklet.pdf
Technical Assistance:
Restoring & Maintaining Wooded Riparian Areas
1. Soil & Water Conservation Districts
2. Watershed Councils
3. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS)
4. Oregon State University Extension
Key Take Home Messages
Restoring & Maintaining Wooded Riparian Areas
1. Project Has To Accommodate Site Characteristics.
2. Look Up! Look Down! Look Around! For Constraints.
3. Early Investment in Site Preparation Is Worthwhile.
4. Planting Is Easy Compared To Maintaining Them Until You’ve Met Your Objectives!