C2 REVISION – CHAPTER 1 – STRUCTURE & BONDING

KEY WORDS:Electronic structureCovalent bonding

Ionic bondingProton

ElectronIon

Giant structure (lattice)Metallic bonding

ASSESSMENT:

Fill in the gaps:When two elements react together they make a _________ substance called a_________. It is _________ to separate the elements after the reaction. Some atoms react by sharing electrons. We call this _________ bonding. Other atoms react by _________ or _________ electrons. We call this _________ bonding. When atoms react in this way they get the electronic structure of a _________ gas.

Fill in this table:

Fill in this table of more complicated ions:

Use pictures and words to describe each type of bonding:

Ionic

Covalent

Metallic

Ionic CompoundRatio of ions in

compound Formula of compound

Sodium chlorideNa+ : Cl-

1 : 1

Magnesium oxide MgO

Ca2+: Cl-

1 : 2CaCl2

Name of ion Formula of ion Example of compound

hydroxideCalcium hydroxide,

Ca(OH)2

NO3-

Mg(NO3)2

CO32- Sodium carbonate

Suphate CaSO4

C2 REVISION – CHAPTER 2 – STRUCTURE & PROPERTIES

KEY WORDS:Giant ionic structuresIntermolecular forces

MacromoleculesFullerenes

Shape memory alloysPolymers

Thermosetting / Thermosoftening

Nanoscience

ASSESSMENT:

IONIC COMPOUNDS

What type of force holds the ions together?

Draw a giant ionic lattice:

Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

Why can ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in water?

SIMPLE COVALENT MOLECULES

How strong are the forces between covalent molecules? [intermolecular forces]

How does this affect their melting and boiling point

How strong are the forces between atoms in a covalent bond? [intramolecular bonds]

GIANT COVALENT SUBSTANCES

Why is graphite slippery and conduct electricity?

GIANT METALLIC SUBSTANCES

Why can metals be bent and shaped?

What are delocalised electrons?

Why do metals conduct electricity?

How are polymers classified:

Thermosetting:

Thermosoftening:

What is nanoscience?

C2 REVISION – CHAPTER 3 – HOW MUCH?

KEY WORDS:Atomic numberMass number

IsotopeRelative atomic

massRelative

formula massMole

Empirical

formulaMolecular formula

YieldPercentage

yieldReversible reaction

ASSESSMENT:

Complete the table

Relative Charge

Relative Mass

Proton

Neutron

Electron

Write how many there are in:

Na11

Electrons:

Protons:

Neutrons:

What is an isotope?

23

What is Ar?

What is Mr?

What is the Mr of C2H5OH?

What is a mole?

Balance the equation and say how many moles of each substance there are:

H2 + O2 H2O

What is the symbol for a reversible reaction?

Explain what happens after we add just reactants to a reversible reaction?

What is mass spectrometry?

What is gas chromatography?

How do we identify food additives?

What is percentage yield and what is the equation to calculate it?

What is atom economy and what is the equation to calculate it?

Calculate the percentage yield of calcium carbonate when 200tonnes of limestone is used and 98tonnes of carbon dioxide is produced:

C2 REVISION – CHAPTER 4 – RATES & ENERGY

KEY WORDS:

Collision theoryActivation energy

CatalystExothermic

EndothermicThermal decomposition

ASSESSMENT:

What do we mean by ‘rate of reaction’?

What 4 factors affect the rate of a reaction?

What must happen for a reaction to occur?

What is the smallest amount of energy that must be overcome for a reaction to occur?

Explain the effect of concentration on the rate of reaction

Draw diagrams to represent it?

Low concn High concn

Explain the effect of temperature on the rate of reaction [think about: kinetic energy & number of collisions]

Draw diagrams to represent it:

Low temp High temp

What do catalysts do?

What happens to them during a reaction?Explain exothermic reactions:

Explain endothermic reactions:

What energy changes are involved in a reversible reaction?

How does surface area affect the rate of reaction?

C2 REVISION – CHAPTER 5 – SALTS & ELECTROLYSIS

KEY WORDS:AlkalisBasesAcids

NeutralState symbol

IndicatorpH scale

SaltNeutralisation

PrecipitateElectrolysisReduction

Half equationElectroplating

ASSESSMENT:

What is a base?

What is an alkali

What ions make something acidic?

What is another name for an acid?

P__________ D__________

What ions make something alkali?

What is the pH scale?

What is produced when an acid and a metal react?

Acid + Metal

Give a specific example:

What is produced when an acid and a base react?

Acid + Base

Give a specific example:

What is electrolysis?

What do we call the substance that is broken down during electrolysis

What is the positive electrode called?

What is the negative electrode called?

Label a diagram showing the electrolysis of copper bromide

What ions are formed?How is electrolysis used to extract aluminium?

Why to we electrolyse brine?

What are the half equations?

What is electroplating?

How is it work?