c3d grading volumes
TRANSCRIPT
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2005 AutodeskAutodesk Presentation Title 1
Training Grondverzet,
Terreinen, Volumes
Peter IngelsProdesk
Chris BerendsAutodesk
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Autodesk Presentation Title 2
Peter IngelsProdesk
Chris BerendsAutodesk
Training Grondverzet,
Terreinen, Volumes
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2005 AutodeskAutodesk Presentation Title 3
Training Schedule
09.00 u. 09.10 u. Case Presentation
09.10 u. 09.30 u. Case study 09.30 u. 10.30 u. Theory
Surfaces
10.30 u. 11.00 u. Break
11.00 u. 11.45 u. Theory Volumes
11.45 u. 13.00 u. Theory Grading
13.00 u. 13.30 u. Lunch
13.30 u. 14.30 u. Case Practice 14.30 u. 15.00 u. Q&A (case)
15.00 u. 16.00 u. Case Presentations
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Autodesk Presentation Title 4
Surfaces
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Surface Types TIN Surface
Triangulated Irregular Network
Arbitrary set of points
Creation slower than GRID, files bigger
GRID Surface Points on regular grid
Faster and smaller than TIN
TIN Volume surface composite surface created from a combination of points in a
top (comparison) and (base) surface
GRID Volume surface differential surface based on user-specified top and bottom
surfaces with points on a user-specified grid.
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TIN Surfaces
TIN (Triangular Irregular Network)
surfaces
Formed by triangulating an arbitrary set
of points Used for:
Highly variable surfaces
Examining localized areas
(large-scale maps)
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GRID Surfaces
Grid surfaces
Generated by points that lie on
a regular grid Used for:
More uniform surfaces
Examining large study areas
(small-scale maps)
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Volume Surfaces
Differences between two
existing terrain surfaces
TIN Volume Surfaces Display cut and fill contours. Known as differential
surface. Difference of base and
comparison surfaces.
Grid Volume Surface Provides more accurate
model.
Calculating Surface Volumes
Composite Volumes Accurate volume between two
surfaces.
Bounded Volumes
Volume of an area defined by apolyline or polygon. Comparedwith z =0
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Surface Creation Import/export
TIN/DEM (Digital Elevation Model) files
LandXML(settings:edit default file import settings, link naar XML file blijft bestaan)
Land Desktop
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Surface Creation
Surface Definition Boundaries
Breaklines (Next slide)
Countours
DEM Files (Digital Elevation Model)
Drawing objects
Point files (PENZ file needed) Point Groups
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Surface BreaklinesBreaklines can be defined from objects in the drawing or
imported from a file.
Standard 3D Lines and 3D Polylines
Proximity maintain the integrity of the original surface
Wall 3D Lines, 3D Polylines or points offset side for the entire breakline
elevation difference for each vertex, or entire breakline
From File
Non-destructive non-destructive breaklines, which maintain the integrity of the
original surface
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Surface Non-destructive breaklines
With Without
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Surface Triangulation (Terrain Modeling concepts)
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Surface Edits Add/Delete/modify/move Points
Add/Delete Lines Delete lines in surface creatse a hole in
the surface
Swap Edge Raise/Lower
Minimize Flat Surfaces
Paste -- Workaround :Manual paste surface
(procedure)
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Surface SmootingOnly for TIN surfaces !!!!!
NNI (Natural Neighbors Interpolation) Interpolation, no extrapolation
Elevation new point is based on the elevationof the surrounding points (in voronoi zone)
Kriging
Interpolation and extrapolation Complex (distance and variance)
Less predictable result
Interpolation Location (newly created points) Grid based (X, Y value, region, orientation)
Centroids (region)
Random points (number of points)
Region = Parcel, Polygon, Surface, Rectangle
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NNI Natural Neighbor Interpolation
Concept of Voronoi diagramVoronoi polygon of a point P in a set of points S =
set of point that are closer to point P than any other pointin the set of points S, in the xy-plane
The Voronoi polygons are non-intersecting
DelaunayTriangulationIf every pair of points that share a Voronoi polygon edgeare connected, the result is the Delaunay Triangulation
The Natural Neighbors used for interpolation are all pointsthat a point P is connected to trough the Delaunaytriangulation.
Estimating the z-value of a new point X.- The point X will be connected to some points P1, P2, Pn,. These points have Voronoi polygonsPOLY1, POLY2, POLYn
- X when inserted in the surface, has its own Voronoi Diagram POLY
- z-value is a weighted sum of the z-values of P1, P2, .., Pnweight assigned for point Pi is
Area of polygon (POLY intersected with (POLYi))
--------------------------------------------------------------------area of POLY
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Surface analyses Types
Contours
Directions
ElevationsRenders the surface triangles according to the elevation range they fall in
SlopesRenders the surface triangles according to their slope angle
Slope arrows
Watershedsshows how water flows along and off the surface
User-defined contours
Combination of style and surface properties (3 or 4 steps)
Add legendDisplay tabular andgraphic results
Select analysis typeSelect surface style
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LandXML
Extensible Markup Language (XML) is used to createelectronic documents that are easy to transmit and shareacross the World Wide Web.
Data stored in LandXML format can be used by any programthat uses LandXML standards, not just the software thatcreated it.
The LandXML import and export functionality is based on theLandXML 1.0 schema and respects OGC standards. Fordetailed information go to: www.landxml.org and
www.opengis.org
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LandXML
LandXML is designed for civil engineering design and surveymeasurement data and serves as common data format totransfer data between civil applications, such as Trimble's
Geomatics Office.
Contains both, geometric and attribute information aboutCivil Engineering objects, such as alignments and COGO
Points.
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Transforming data to LandXML
Allows you to
Exchange data into other software applications.
Transfer/archive data.
Convert units.
Translate/rotate coordinates
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LandXML Reporting utility
Procedure for extending the LandXML report forms
- > http://www.civielontwerpen.net Company layout
Standard forms
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LandXML Reporting utility
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Autodesk Presentation Title 23
Grading
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Grading
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Grading
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Grading
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Parts of a Grading A grading object normally consists of the base line, thetarget line, the projection lines, and the face.
The face is the area bounded by the lines that define the grading:
The base line is any open or closed figure to which you can apply gradingand from which you can project the grading outward..
The target for the grading can be a surface, a distance, an elevation, or arelative elevation.
Grading Parts
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Grading Regions
You define grading regions where a grading object requires different criteria
along different parts of the base line.
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grading settings
On the Toolspace Settings tab, right-click Grading Edit FeatureSettings.
In the Edit Feature Settings dialog box, expand the General collection.
In the Save command changes to settingsproperty, set the value toYes.
This setting saves command settings for reuse.
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grading settings
Expand the collections for Grading Grade Unit and Grading Slope Unit.Note the options for unit format and precision. The integer value forprecision specifies the number of digits to the right of the decimal place.
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Grading Grade Unit
Precision Specifies the number of digits to display to the rightof the decimal.
Rounding Specifies how numbers are rounded:
Round Normal: Numbers 5 or more are rounded upand numbers 4 or less are rounded down to thedecimal place specified by Precision.
Round Up: Numbers are always rounded up.
Truncate: Numbers are truncated to the decimal
place specified by Precision.Format Specifies how grading numbers are entered and
displayed. Values are automatically converted
Percent
Decimal
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Grading Grade Unit
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Grading Slope Unit
Precision Specifies the number of digits to display to the right of thedecimal.
Rounding Specifies how numbers are rounded, as follows:Round Normal: Numbers 5 or more are rounded up and
numbers 4 or less are rounded down to the decimal placespecified by Precision.
Round Up: Numbers are always rounded up.Truncate: Numbers are truncated to the decimal place specified by
Precision.
Format Specifies how grading ratios are entered and displayed.Values are automatically converted.Rise/RunRun/Rise
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Grading Slope Unit
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Grading Toolbar
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Grading Method (1)Target Specifies the target method for the grading.
Surface: Specifies the target surface. You are prompted toselect a target surface when you create a grading that uses these criteria.
Elevation: Specifies the elevation to which the projection lines ofthe grading object are extended. Enter a positive or negative number.
Relative Elevation: Specifies the
relative elevation above or below the baseline to which the projection lines of the
grading object are extended.
Enter a positive or negative number.
Distance: Specifies thehorizontal distance to which the projection
lines of the grading object are extended.
Enter a positive number.
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Grading Method (2)
Projection Specifies the type of projection.
Cut/Fill Slope: Displays both cut and fill slopes for grading to a targetthat can occur both above and below the base line, such as a surface or elevationtarget.
Cut Slope: Displays positive slopes for grading up to a target.
Fill Slope: Displays negative slopes for grading down to a target.
Distance: Creates the grading with projection lines that extend afixed distance from the base line.
Slope: Creates the grading by projection to a specific(absolute) elevation using a specific slope value. Enter a positive or negative value.
Elevation: Creates the grading by projection to a specific(absolute) elevation value.
Relative Elevation: Creates the grading by projection to a specific elevation
value that is measured relative to the elevation of the base line.
C t F t Li
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CreateFeatureLines
Automatically Convert AutoCAD Objects
Specifies whether you are prompted to convert selected objects to feature
lines. By default you are prompted, change this value to True to convertobjects without prompting.
Erase Selected Objects
Specifies whether creation commands erase selected objects when theyare converted to feature lines. By default objects are erased. Change thisvalue to False to have objects remain in the drawing.
Use Selected Object Layers
Specifies the layer where the converted feature lines are placed. By default,feature lines are placed on the layer specified in the Drawing Settings.Change this value to True to place feature lines on the same layer as theselected objects (Note that doing so may make it hard to select the featurelines if you also set Erase Selected Objects to False).
T t di b i
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To create grading by copying an
existing grading Click Grading menu Grading Layout Tools.
In the Grading Layout Tools dialog box, click the arrow . Click Copy
Create Grading. In the drawing, select the grading from which you want to copy the
criteria and style.
Select the base line in the drawing and select the side of the base linefrom which to grade.
If you are grading from another gradings target line, you are notprompted for the grading side because only one side is available.
Click in the drawing to indicate the side of the base line to which youwant to apply the grading.
Depending on the criteria definition, you may have to specify a distanceand a slope value. Specify whether you want to apply the grading to theentire length of the line. To apply the grading only to a region, enter Nand then specify the start and end points on the baseline that define theregion.
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End of Presentation
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