CachingCachingMacDonald Ch. 26MacDonald Ch. 26

MIS 424

Professor Sandvig

OverviewOverview

What is CachingWhat is Caching

Where to cacheWhere to cache

When to cacheWhen to cache

Data caching in ASP.NETData caching in ASP.NET1.1. Page cachingPage caching

2.2. Page Fragment cachingPage Fragment caching

3.3. Cache ClassCache Class

Create you own cacheCreate you own cache

What is CachingWhat is Caching

Cache = “store”Cache = “store”– Armies: cache weaponsArmies: cache weapons– Squirrels: cache nutsSquirrels: cache nuts– Computers: cache dataComputers: cache data

Benefits of caching data:Benefits of caching data:– ReuseReuse

Process once, reuse many timesProcess once, reuse many times

Faster, cheaperFaster, cheaper

Where to CacheWhere to Cache

Client-sideClient-side– BrowsersBrowsers

ImagesImages

PagesPages

– Reduces download timesReduces download times

Server-sideServer-side– Reduces server processing loadReduces server processing load

When to Cache on serverWhen to Cache on server

Frequently hit pagesFrequently hit pages– Content changes infrequentlyContent changes infrequently

NYTimes.comNYTimes.com

ESPN.comESPN.com

CMS (see Drupal CMS (see Drupal Boost))

Data is expensive to retrieveData is expensive to retrieve– MIS 424MIS 424

Weather forecastWeather forecast

Amazon Best SellersAmazon Best Sellers

When NOT to cacheWhen NOT to cache

Pages that change frequentlyPages that change frequently– Shopping cartShopping cart– Amazon.comAmazon.com

Customized for each userCustomized for each user

Infrequently accessed dataInfrequently accessed data– Cache must be stored Cache must be stored Overhead Overhead– cost depends upon caching methodcost depends upon caching method

Caching Tools in ASP.NETCaching Tools in ASP.NET

Caching OptionsCaching Options1.1. Page Page

2.2. Page fragmentPage fragment

3.3. Data classData class

4.4. Create your ownCreate your own DatabaseDatabase Application or session objectApplication or session object

Page CachingPage Caching

Caches entire pageCaches entire page

Page directive:Page directive:

<%@ Page OutputCache Duration=“300” VaryByParm=“none” %><%@ Page OutputCache Duration=“300” VaryByParm=“none” %>

– Duration in secondsDuration in seconds

Stored on diskStored on disk– Low overheadLow overhead

Page Caching - parametersPage Caching - parameters

VaryByParm=VaryByParm=– ““None”None”

Single cache for all parameter combinationsSingle cache for all parameter combinations

– ““*”*”Different cache for each parameter combinationDifferent cache for each parameter combination

– ““ParameterList”ParameterList”Different cache for listed parametersDifferent cache for listed parametersOne cache for other parametersOne cache for other parameters

Page Caching - parametersPage Caching - parameters

Example: Example: – 14_CachePage.aspx 14_CachePage.aspx source, output, output

Location:Location:– ServerServer– ClientClient– Downstream – proxy serversDownstream – proxy servers– AnyAny– NoneNone

Page Caching - parametersPage Caching - parameters

Also may specify cache for header Also may specify cache for header attributes:attributes:

– LanguageLanguage– Browser versionBrowser version– Etc.Etc.

ASP.NET CachingASP.NET Caching

1.1. Page Page

2.2. Page fragmentPage fragment

3.3. Data classData class

4.4. Create your ownCreate your own

Page Fragment CachingPage Fragment Caching

Cache part of a pageCache part of a page– Content in user controlContent in user control

Syntax similar to Page cacheSyntax similar to Page cache

Example:Example:– Music Store menuMusic Store menu

Page Fragment CachingPage Fragment Caching

Benefits:Benefits:– Useful for menus, headers, footers…Useful for menus, headers, footers…– Easy to implementEasy to implement– Stored on diskStored on disk

WeaknessesWeaknesses– OnClick events frozenOnClick events frozen– Timeout fixed duration onlyTimeout fixed duration only

ASP.NET CachingASP.NET Caching

1.1. Page Page

2.2. Page fragmentPage fragment

3.3. Cache classCache class

4.4. Create your ownCreate your own

Cache ClassCache Class

Cached data accessible throughout Cached data accessible throughout applicationapplication– Use data on multiple pageUse data on multiple page

Cache any type of data objectCache any type of data object– strings, datasets, dataviews, …strings, datasets, dataviews, …

Set expiration dateSet expiration date– Several optionsSeveral options

Cache ClassCache Class

Cache.Insert methodCache.Insert method

Parameters for:Parameters for:– Expiration date – absolute & slidingExpiration date – absolute & sliding– File dependenciesFile dependencies

Database tablesDatabase tables

– Subroutine to run when expiresSubroutine to run when expires

DocumentationDocumentation

Cache Class - SyntaxCache Class - Syntax

Cache.Add(Key, Object, CacheDependency, Cache.Add(Key, Object, CacheDependency, DateTime, TimeSpan, CacheItemPriority, DateTime, TimeSpan, CacheItemPriority, CacheItemRemovedCallback) CacheItemRemovedCallback)

Example: Example: – CacheExample.aspx source, outputCacheExample.aspx source, output

Create Your OwnCreate Your Own

Program own rulesProgram own rulesCustomize storage locationCustomize storage location– DatabaseDatabase– FileFile– Combination of Cache locationsCombination of Cache locations

Expiration ruleExpiration rule– Fixed time of day, week, month…Fixed time of day, week, month…– Number of hits…Number of hits…

Example: Weather forecastExample: Weather forecast

SummarySummary

Several Caching options .NETSeveral Caching options .NET– PagePage– Page fragmentPage fragment– Cache objectCache object– Roll your ownRoll your own

Dramatic performance improvements Dramatic performance improvements when data expensive to retrievewhen data expensive to retrieve