cad and models if 4-d is good then, 5-d must be better construction superconference san francisco,...
TRANSCRIPT
CAD and ModelsIf 4-D is good then, 5-D
must be better
Construction SuperconferenceSan Francisco, CA
December 2005
Agenda
• Traditional Drafting and Design• Two Dimensional CAD• Modeling and Three Dimensional CAD• Visualization Models• Four Dimensional CAD (Time)• Five Dimensional CAD (Resources)• New Issues Resulting from 3D+ Tools• Resulting Contract Issues
New Issues • Contract issues/roles and responsibilities• Owner, Designer & Constructor
Perspectives• Means and Methods• Bid Packages and Schedules/Resources• Safety• Coordination• Shop Drawing Integration• Progress Input• Record Drawings
Drafting and Design
• What’s an “ortho(graphic)”?• aka “floor plan”; “layout”
Drafting and Design
• What’s a P&ID? Process &
Instrumentation Drawing (Diagram)
Drafting and Design
• What’s an “iso(metric)”? “spool” drawing.
3D CAD – Project Benefits• Design
Multi-discipline design environment Consistency of design data Automatic deliverable production
• Construction Clash detection during design Visualisation Construction status
• Operations and maintenance Effective data handover Online visualisation Maintain design integrity
3D, 4D, nD• 3D facilitates
Communication, Collaboration, Development of reusable data; Faster decision making for every stakeholder
• Adding the 4th ‘D’ - time offers build-ability checking, workflow planning, creates process change
• Planner talking to Designer
• Adding costs, risk, etc (5+D?) brings in more stakeholders, more ‘points of view’ but lessens the chance for future conflicts.
Benefits from Owner’s Perspective • Building Information Modeling (“BIM”)
technology promotes efficiency and schedule compression
• Enables integrated planning, design, detailing, cost control
• Eliminates inaccurate as-built documentation and inconsistent design quality
• Ensure better communication, design delivery and coordination
• Improves cost predictability • Shift in project delivery by eroding distinctions
between planning, design, and construction.• Post-construction efficiencies (maintenance)
Benefits from Owner’s Perspective
• Considered the founder of the biotechnology industry, Genentech has been delivering on the promise of biotechnology for almost 30 years, using human genetic information to discover, develop, commercialize and manufacture biotherapeutics that address significant unmet medical needs. Today, Genentech is among the world's leading biotech companies, with multiple products on the market for serious or life-threatening medical conditions and over 30 projects in the pipeline.
Benefits from Owner’s Perspective
• Genentech’s ~$600MM plant expansion incorporated 3D modeling of primarily two buildings: 390,000 SF manufacturing facility (3 floors and a fourth
floor pop-up) 110,000 SF support building 220,000 feet of piping (~60% utility/dirty, 40%
process/clean) 155,000 feet modeled, 50,000 feet field routed (small
diameter), 15,000 feet in pre-built modules Hundreds of pieces of major equipment (modules,
skids, tanks, pumps, etc.)
Benefits from Owner’s Perspective
• Project also includes 48,000 SF Warehouse expansion 3,000 SF Utility Plant expansion Utility Yard expansion Many equipment/module vendors
providing 3D models for input into project model
Benefits from Owner’s Perspective
• GNE is using model as construction tool (3D only, not as scheduling tool)
• Model is not updated for changes post-isometric issue
• Owner concerns: Level of detail in model may necessitate
“manual” changes to isometrics generated from model
Not all equipment/module vendors use same 3D package; results are semi-compatible – no assembly details are available in model
Benefits from Owner’s Perspective
• 3D modeling is now standard on large projects and is a “proven” technology
• Genentech would like to see results of a 4D or 5D pilot prior to implementation on upcoming projects
Potential Pitfalls
• Owner Acceleration
• Deficiencies in Current Standard Contracts
• Delay Claims
• New Default/Termination Issues
• Insurability
Owner ViewsConstruction Users Round Table
(CURT)
• Owner-led collaborative project teams
• Integrated project structure• Open, timely, and reliable
information sharing• Requirement for use of BIM
Source: CURT WP 1202 – “Collaboration, Integrated Information, and the Project Lifecycle in Building Design, Construction and Operation” (August, 2004)
CURT’s VISION• Owners fully engaged in the virtual design
process• Owners empowered to make informed decisions
early • Virtual design, fabrication, and construction
become the standard approach for building.• Information flows quickly, effectively and freely
amongst project participants• Project participants share a stake in the outcome
and shares in the resulting rewards• Digital information flows throughout the life of
project • Building infrastructure systems designed
concurrently with architecture
Architect’s ViewAIA Response to CURT
• Need for full information sharing among design professionals and contractors
• Identify tools to facilitate transfer between disciplines
• Contracts need to redefine roles and responsibilities of owner, design disciplines and contractors
• Novel concept of complete and early integration to work impacts Design Professionals’ responsibilities
• Traditional contracts necessarily create compartmentalization
• Need for contractually specified “Integrated Project Delivery Team” with defined roles
Architect’s ViewAIA Response to CURT (cont’d)
• Risk Management Insurability of risks attenuated with new delivery models Owner’s acceptance of greater risk of integrated
project’s design Owner’s sharing of rewards of a project more broadly
among contributors.
• Interoperability Current tools do not provide complete translations of
the useful data Information lost in the exchange from one BIM program
to another No one application can handle all tasks required by a
building project
Issues in Implementation
• Intra-team Platform Compatibility Platforms imposed by… Owner Designer Builder
• ‘Standards’ imposed by… ‘Platform’ Limitations – Software\Hardware
• Insulation, clearances, tolerances, ancillary services• Speed, ‘viewer’ v. ‘interactive’ v. ‘collaborative’ tools• Operating systems (WINTEL, Unix, Linux, Open
Source)
Issues in ImplementationIf the approach is directed by the…
Owner • Possible software,
support and training investment ($$$)
• Possible interoperability issues with designers or builders (flexibility)
• On-going maintenance, upgrade and training (‘legacy’ issues)
Designer\Builder• Different ‘drivers’ than
Owner (short view : long view)
• Possible interoperability issues
• Database management approach
ImplementationIs there some standard?
Why develop standards? Don’t these already exist?• Organization specific – quality and efficiency • Project specific – communication and consistency• Industry specific – common language
What’s in a CAD Standard?• As little or as much information as necessary to make CAD
work more productive! • Manipulating, editing and transferring drawings
Layers or levels Symbols (Legend) Special customization
• Data Exchange Format• File and Project Organization
Industry Efforts at Standardization The National CAD Standard
The National CAD Standard Version 3.1: comprised of…
• CAD Layer Guidelines by the American Institute of Architects (AIA)• Uniform Drawing System by the Construction Specifications Institute
(CSI)• Tri-Service Plotting Guidelines by the US Department of Defense
Drawing Set Organization: Module 01 Sheet Organization: Module 02 Schedules: Module 03 Drafting Conventions: Module 04 Terms & Abbreviations: Module 05 Symbols: Module 06 Notations: UDS Module 07 Code Conventions: Module 08
Identifies types of general regulatory information that should appear on drawings, locates code-related information in a set of drawings, and provides standard graphic conventions. Can be a tool to expedite code review by designers and plan review authorities.
So who’s on board with this?Adopted the National CAD Standard • A. Epstein & Sons International, Inc. • AMEC, Inc. • AMES A/E Architects & Engineers • Architects Hawaii Ltd.• Bhargava International, Inc. • Burgess & Niple • CBA Architects, PC • CH2M Hill, Inc. • Chicago Transit Authority• Clark Nexsen • Davis & Floyd, Inc.• Dean and Dean/Associates • Dietz & Company Architects, Inc. • Duke Energy Corporation• FedEx• Ford Motor Company • General Motors• HDR (Hennington, Durham &
Richardson) • Helman Hurley Charvat
Peacock/Architects, Inc. • HOK (Hellmuth, Obata + Kassabaum) • Intel
• Jacobs Engineering Group • LEO A. DALY Company • Little and Associates Architects • Los Alamos National Laboratories • MTA Bridges and Tunnels• Murphy/Jahn Architects • Nextel Communications • National Institute of Health • Raytheon Engineers and
Constructors, Inc.• Richard Meier and Partners• RTKL Associates• Sandia National Laboratories• Skidmore, Owings & Merrill• Simon Property Group • Syska Hennessy Group, Inc. • TSP, Inc. • University at Buffalo • University of Indiana • UPS• U.S. General Services Administration • U.S. Army Corps of Engineers• Wilson & Company, Inc., Engineers &
Architects
GSA Requirements – 2006• PBS Buildings and Real Estate Services: specialized information
technologies to design, document, manage and monitor facilities.• Building Information Modeling (BIM)
3D parametric modeling software with an underlying database. • Computer Integrated Facility Management (CIFM)
Integrated technology and processes supporting facility management and real estate services.
• Computer Aided Facility Management (CAFM) calculation of building area and tracking of space classifications.
• Computerized Maintenance Management System (CMMS) Manages scheduled and on-request building maintenance.
• Electronic Document Management System (EDMS) manages the documents associated with facility design and management.
• Geographic Information System (GIS)
Source: GSA Public Building Service CAD Standards (March 25, 2004); www.gsa.gov
GSA Requirements – 2006 • Time is now
GSA BIM requirement effective fiscal year 2006 (which began in October 2005)
• Mandate: Architects use IFC (Industry Foundation Classes)-based building
models through final concept All schematic design submittals must be in BIM format
• GSA pilot projects 9 pilot projects through 2005 Indicated that discrete problems can be solved quickly in 3D BIM automates space measurement
• Not requiring complete BIM implementation Using model to check designs against program requirements and cost
estimates
Source: GSA Public Building Service CAD Standards (March 25, 2004); www.gsa.gov
Standard Contract Clauses - Caveat Emptor
• Standardized forms protective of Owner and Engineer • Data/Electronic information historically originates with Design
Professional • Risk of use is borne on the contractor unless otherwise specified
Example – Engineers Joint Contract Documents Committee provision:“A. Copies of data furnished by Owner or Engineer to Contractor or Contractor to Owner or Engineer that may be relied upon are limited to the printed copies (also known as hard copies). Files in electronic media format of text, data, graphics, or other types are furnished only for the convenience of the receiving party. Any conclusion or information obtained or derived from such electronic files will be at the user’s sole risk. If there is a discrepancy between the electronic files and the hard copies, the hard copies govern. ”
Source: EJCDC C-700 Standard General Conditions of the Construction Contract, 2002 Edition, Subparagraph 3.06 – Electronic Data
New Contract Requirements • Express “Data Exchange” Addendum to general contract• Clear definitions of ownership, management and security
responsibilities of the information transfer• Responsibilities for software & system compliance• Promote, not impede collaboration• One party tapped to manage the exchange process, responsible
solely to coordinate notifications• Define specific documents to be accepted electronically (drawings,
models, shop drawings, change orders, RFIs, etc.)• Methods of maintaining version control and a depository of all
versions, during and after project• Reciprocal indemnity obligations for failures and violations• Determination of insurance and bonding requirements
The model in the context of the project
• As a part of the contract… The model becomes a deliverable with a due date and a
‘completion’ date. Model’s ‘construction’ must meet the Standard of Care
‘normally practiced’ within the profession – perfection is not expected.
As a source point for other drawings, the model’s quality ripple’s through other documents.
When used in asset management, the impact of an error reaches further and lives beyond a single project.
Industry Acceptance and Application of Technology
Industrial, Process and Infrastructure Projects with…
• Complex systems and components;
• Multiple participants;• specialized, critical and
sometimes hazardous uses• have fostered the growth of
3D+ CAD applications. • The cost of failure can be
tremendous and potentially dangerous.
Commercial, Residential and Retail Projects…
• Greater pressure on ‘cost of delivery’ and its impact on ROI;
• less complex systems; • more ‘standardized’
construction and components.
• The value of the job is in the cost of the job and ‘typical’ built components make for easier execution.
Working in the Third Dimension
Time is Money – Money is Time
• The NIST report (USA) of August 2004 gave a figure of $15.8 Billion wasted by US construction industry through poor collaboration and coordination on project.
Impact on Traditional Roles• CMs and Contractors Migrate into Designing
Opportunity to offer “constructability” services (CDs) to owners and designers
Design Professionals used as “design intent” consultants during the constructability phase
Narrows role of designer to aesthetic and programming piece
• Increased CM Responsibilities Contracted by Owners to collect information from all consultants &
designers Construct Owner’s BIM to minimizing errors and omissions in the field Minimizing impact on traditional design firms who can submit 2D
drawings as they always have
• Or Design Professionals Take control assume responsibility for being building information managers leveraging BIM as a way of consolidating the information into a
comprehensive database Deliver database to Owner after project for building operation and
maintenance
Cultural Changes for Widespread Implementation
• Collaborative design process is novel Change in the traditional notion that control of
design is in the hands of the design professional Information provided by design professionals
was traditionally limited to design intent only BIM adds new electronic construction data
provided by design professionals in their models New information involves architects in means &
methods, quantities and construction execution Blurs traditional lines of responsibility
Consistency of Design Data
• Data exchange with other systems IP&ID data transfer to 3D CAD model Pipe stress analysis Material management system Sub contractor interfaces
• Specification and parametric driven design
• Enforces standards & methodology
• Utilizes standard specs and catalogues
Automatic deliverable production
• Orthographics (Plans & Sections)
• Isometric and Field Fabrication drawings
• Equipment Arrangements (Layouts)
• Bill of Materials (Material Take-Off’s)
• Reports
(Clash Check, Line Lists, I/O, Valves, Devices, etc)
Operations and Maintenance
• More effective data transfer (turnover packages)
• Interface to operation systems Electronic Data Management Systems - EDMS ERPs (SAP, Oracle), ‘Smart’ Drawings (PDS
database, INTools)/EDMS• Ongoing modifications
See CA/IFM, CMMS, EAM• On-line visualization• Communicate Design Intent
Maintain design integrity – consistency of approach thru life of the project.
New Issues on the horizon…Things grow curioser and
curioser• Performance-based Delivery
Modular construction Superskids
• New ‘ownership’ models Lease? Rent? Outsource?
• Sustainable Design (Green Buildings) LEED (USGBC); BREEAM (UK)
• Could it lead to DBOT/DBOM at the commercial scale? ‘brownfield’ development Carbon Trading
• ISO 14000• Integrated Delivery Process
Code Anxiety
• ENR, July 18th – Mysteries of Building Codes; “Designers fear future collapse from misinterpretation or miscalculation”
• ENR, July 11th – “Maturing Visualization Tools Make Ideas Look Real”
Thanks for Coming!
Our Speakers: • Gary A. Wilson, Esquire• John W. Dornberger, Esquire• E. Mitchell Swann, P.E.• Robert C. McCue, P.E.• Kim Bullock
Slides available for download at www.MDCSystems.com
Contact Us!
• MDCSystems®
Robert C. McCue, P.E.
E. Mitchell Swann, P.E., LEED AP
300 Berwyn Park, Suite 115
Berwyn PA 19312
T. 610.640.9600
www.MDCSystems.com
Contact Us!
• Post & Schell PCGary Wilson, EsquireJohn Dornberger, Esquire Four Penn Center1600 John F. Kennedy BoulevardPhiladelphia, PA 19103T. 215.587.1000www.postschell.com
Contact Us!
• Genentech, Inc.Kim BullockProcess Engineer1 DNA WaySouth San Francisco, CA 94080T. 650.225.1000