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INTRODUCTION OF CAD Computer aided design is essentially based on versatile on powerful technique called computer graphics. This basically means the criterion and manipulation of picture on a display device with the aid of a computer. Computer graphics originated at the Massachusetts institute of technology (MIT) in 1950 when the first computer driven display linked to a whirlwind 1.computer and was used to generate some picture. The first important step forward in computer graphics came in 1963 when a system called SKETCHCHPAD was demonstrated at the Lincoln laboratory of mit.this system consist of a cathode ray tube driven by TX2 computer. The CRT had a and a light pen. Picture could be drawn on the screen and the manipulated interactively by the user via the light pen.

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INTRODUCTION OF CAD

Computer aided design is essentially based on versatile on powerful technique called computer graphics. This basically means the criterion and manipulation of picture on a display device with the aid of a computer. Computer graphics originated at the Massachusetts institute of technology (MIT) in 1950 when the first computer driven display linked to a whirlwind 1.computer and was used to generate some picture.

The first important step forward in computer graphics came in 1963 when a system called SKETCHCHPAD was demonstrated at the Lincoln laboratory of mit.this system consist of a cathode ray tube driven by TX2 computer. The CRT had a and a light pen. Picture could be drawn on the screen and the manipulated interactively by the user via the light pen.

This demonstration clearly showed that the CRT could potentially be used as designer’s electronic drawing board with common graphics operation such as scaling .translation, rotation, animation & simulation automatically performed at the push of a button.

At the time these systems were very expensive. Therefore they were adopted only in such major industries as the aircraft and automotive industries were use in design justified the high capital cost.

Another crucial factor preventing computer graphics from being generally applied to engineering industries was that

there was a lock a appropriate graphics and application software to run on these system .however a computer graphics which had captured the imagination of the engineering industry

All over the world new and improved hardware which is faster in processing speed, larger in memory, cheaper in cost and smaller in size, have become widely available.

Sophisticated software techniques and package have also been gradually developed. Consequently the application of cad in industry has been growing rapidly initially cad system primarily were automated righting station in which computer controlled plotters produced engineering drawing.

This system were later linked to graphics display terminals where geometric model describing part dimensions were created and the resulting databases in the computer was then used to produce drawing now a days cad system can do much more than mere righting .

Some systems have analytical capabilities that allow part to be evaluated with techniques such as the finite element method there are also kinematics analysis programs that enable the motion of mechanism to be used studied. In addition cad system includes testing technique to perform model analysis on structure and to evaluate their response to pinpoint any possible defects.

Computer aided design is the process of developing and using computer assisted design tools in the design process the advent of computer has contributed to significant advance in calculation data handling and utilization applications .

The ability to use the computer in these application areas enhances the capability of the design team significantly .drafting and geometric modeling play significant roles in cad .the module therefore concentrates on the general design process with specific consideration to drafting and geometric modeling.

Three different cad system are referred to in the module .the syllabus includes historical development, the design process, traditional

drawing practice and the development of the CAD industry, system hardware, computers micro to mainframe, systems.

Example-of cad system simple entity descriptions points ,lines , arc ,made-edge limits ,free-form curves, free-form surfaces :pan, rotate and scale,3d transformation, observer angles, perspective, depth cueing: geometric modeling :wire frame modelers, surface modelers, solid modelers, hidden line removal and mass properties: user interface :input devices,menus,graphics interface language parametric.

LEARNING OBJECTIVE:

To understand and handle design problems in a systematic manner .to be able to use the capabilities provided by computers for calculation, data handling and visualization applications.

To gain practical experience in handling 2d drafting and 3d modeling software systems. To be able to apply cad in real life application.

ROLE OF COMPUTER IN DESIGN:

As manual design process has several risk factors including human fatigue and the valuation of design based on his previous experience.

With the advent of computer and the development in the field of computer graphics, various design and manufacturing process takes place new faster rate with minimum or optimum error.

The below figure shows the implementation of computer in design:

Recognition of Need

Problem definition

Implementation of computer in the computer design stage becomes the subset of design process .once the conceptual design materializes in the designer mind the geometric model starts by the appropriate cad software. The choice of geometric model to cad is analogous to the choice. The various design related tasks which are performed by a modern computer –aided design system can be grouped in to four functional areas:

1. Geometric Modeling2. Engineering analysis3. Design review and evaluation4. Automated drafting

GEOMETRIC MODELING:

Synthesis

Commercial Modeling

Analysis &Optimization

Engineering Analysis

Evaluation

Design review & evaluation

Presentation

Automated Drafting

It is concerned with the computer compatible mathematical description of the geometric of an object. The mathematical description allows the image of the object to be displayed & manipulated on a graphics terminal through signals from the CPU of the cad system. The software that provides geometric modeling capabilities must be designed for efficient use both by the computer & the human designer.

During the geometric modeling computer converts the command in to a mathematical model stores in the computer data files and display it as an image on the CRT screen: object can by represented by geometric model by wire frames, surface model or solid model. Another feature of CAD system is color graphics capability. By means of color. It is possible to display, more information on the graphics screen.

ENGINEERING ANALYSIS:

The analysis may involve stress-strain calculation, heat transfer computation etc, of the system being displayed. The computer

can be used to aid in this analysis work. It is often necessary that specific programs be developed internally the engineering analysis group to solve particular design problem. In other situation, commercially available general purpose programs can be used to perform the engineering analysis. Analysis may be:

a.Mass property analysis.b. Finite element analysis

The analysis of mass properties is the analysis feature of CAD system which provides properties of solid object being analyzed, such as the surface area, weight, volume, centre of gravity and moment of inertia.

In FEA the object is divided into large number of finite elements which form an interconnecting network concentrated nodes. By using a computer with significant computational capabilities, the entire object can be analyzed for stress-strain, heat transfer coefficient at nodes. By determining the interrelating behaviors’ of all nodes in the system, the behavior of the entire object can be assessed.

DESIGN REVIEW & EVALUATION:

Checking the accuracy of the design can be accomplished conviently on the graphical terminal. Semiautomatic dimensioning and tolerance routines which assign size specification to surface indicated by the user help you to reduce the possibility of dimensioning errors .the designer can zoom in on part design details and magnify the imaging the graphics screen for close scrutiny.

One of the most important evaluation features available on some computer aided design system is kinematics. The available

kinematics package provide the capability to animate the motion of the simple designed mechanisms such as hinged

component & linkages ,commercial kinematics software available is ADMS (automatic dynamics analysis of mechanical systems)

AUTOMATED DRAFTING:

It involves the creation of hard copy engineering drawing directly from the cad system data base .most of the cad system are capable of generating as many as six views of the parts. Engineering drawings can be made in to company drafting standards by programming the standards in to the cad system.

Implementation of computer in the design stage becomes the subset of design process. Once the conceptual designs materialize in the designer mind the geometric model starts by the appropriate cad software. The choice of geometric model to cad is analogous to the choice of a mathematical model to engineering analysis. a valid geometric model is created by definition translator.

This converts the designer in put into the proper data base format. In order to apply engineering analysis in geometric model, interface algorithms are provided by the system to extract the required data from model database to perform the analysis.

In case of FEA. The algorithms from the finite element modeling package of the system. Design testing & evaluation may require changing the geometric model before finalizing it.

When the final design is achieved the drafting& detailing of the model starts, followed by documentation & production of final drawings.

COMPONENTS OF CAD SYSTEM:

The components of a typical CAD system are illustrated in the following figure. The central processing unit (CPU) is the brain of the entire system. It contains of integrated circuits of (IC) of three parts-ALU, controller and main memory unit.

The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) consists of electronic circuits, which perform logic and mathematical operations. Controller circuits are used to regulate various operations carried out in the computer. Main memory circuits store processed data, such as result of calculations and program instructions inside the computer.

Hundreds of electronic circuits are reduced and etched of chip as a pinhead. The CPU is, therefore, one of the miracles of modern electronic technology.

ELEMENTS OF CAD SYSTEM:

WORK STATION

INPUT DEVICES

WORK STATION

WORK STATION

WORK STATION

WORK STATION

C.PU

OUT PUT DEVICE

WORK STATIO

N

In the CAD system the functions of the CPU is as follows:

1. To receive information from the work station and display the output on a CRT screen:

2. To read the data stored in a secondary memory storage unit:

3. To give instructions to output devices such as plotters to create permanent

4. drawings: and5. To transmit data to and from magnetic tapes.

In addition to main memory circuits in CPU, secondary storage capacity is provides to reduce the cost of the main computer.

The functions of the secondary storage unit are as follows:

1. To store files related to the engineering drawings;2. To store CAD software ; and 3. To store programs required to give instructions to

output devices like plotters.

The secondary storage unit consists of magnetic tapes and disks. Magnetic tape is similar to the tape used in

WORK STATION GRAPHIC DISPLAY TERMINAL

a tape recorder. It consists of Mylar tape coated with magnetic material.

The data are stored in the form PF magnetized spots. The data can be erased and reused. The data are stored sequentially, i.e. to find a certain piece of data on the tape; one must wind the till the data are reached. This is called the sequential access method. Magnetic tapes are cheap but the access time for data retrieval is more due to sequential access. They are mainly used for archiving drawings.

There are two types of magnetic disks-flexible and hard. The appearance of flexible disk is similar to that of a

phonographic record. If is, however, thin and flexible compared with records, hence name floppy disk. The flexible disk is made of plastic like material-Mylar-with a thin coating of magnetic material such as ferric oxide.

The data can be stored on the one side of the disk (single) or on both surfaces (dual). The standard diameters of floppy disks are 131mm and 200mm the disk is always kept in a square vinyl jacket called window. Reading and writing is accomplished thorough this window by means of a drive-head.

The speed of rotation of the disk is usually 300r.p.m. the construction of the hard disk is similar to that of a flexible disk. It is however, made from thin aluminum plate coated with ferric oxide. The disk is usually sealed in

an airtight container and rotates at a much faster speed o 3600 rpm.

This increases speed of storage and retrieval of information. A hard disk is more durable than a floppy disk. Cost is the main limitation of this disk. There are two methods to store data on flexible as well as hard disks sequential and random access methods.

In the sequential search method data are stored in a sequence and the drive head to search for a piece of information starting from the beginning of the track. This increases the search depending upon the location of the information. The random access method is also called the direct access method. In this method data stored on the disk are divided into two or more sections. When the section number is specified, the drive head directly moves to the relevant section and starts searching the data. Random access method of data retrieval.

The computer systems used for CAD are of three types –mainframe, mini and micro. The main frame system consists of a large capacity computer kept in a remote air-conditioned room. Strict environmental controls are needed for this system.

The workstations are located at some distance from this system. The mainframe system executes a number of functions, CAD being one of them. This system is more

powerful then mini or micro systems, with fast computing speeds. Due to large memory capacity it cam process the most difficult programs.

Compared with the mainframe system the microcomputer is not able to process some of the difficult programs, which can be run on the mainframe system.

` Minicomputers are usually housed in an air-conditioned room. The microcomputer is the smallest type of CAD system. It does not require strict environmental controls.

A graphic display station and keyboard is normally combined in to a micro unit. These units are called desktop computers. A microcomputer system is called a dedicated system, because it operates for the sole purpose of one user at a time. This system is cheap and easily available, but has limited capacity and speed.

The workstation is a visible part of the CAD system, which provides interaction between the operator and the system. There are two elements of a basic workstation-a CRT display and an alphanumeric keyboard.

Other input devices such as cursor control devices, digitizers and graphic tablets, are provided on elaborate workstation. Graphic display terminals and input devices are discussed in the forthcoming sections. The output devices used

` With the CAD systems are pin plotters, hardcopy units and electrostatic plotters.

GEOMETRIC MODELING:

A geometric modeling is defined as the complete representation of an object that includes in both graphical and non-graphical information. In computer-aided design, geometric modeling is concerned with the computer compatible mathematical description of the geometric of an object.

The mathematical description of the geometry of an object to be displayed and manipulated on a graphics terminal through signal from CPU of the cad system .the software that provides geometric modeling capabilities’ must be designed for efficient use of both by the computer and the human designer.

To use geometric modeling the designer construct the graphical image of the object on the CRT screen of the IGS system by inputting three types of commands to the computer.

The first type of command generates basic geometric elements such as points, lines, and circles. The second command type is used to accomplish scaling rotation or other transformations of these elements.

The third type of command causes the various elements to be joined in to desired shape of the object being created on the ICG system.

During this geometric modeling process the computer converts the commands in to mathematical models store it the computer data files and displays it as an image on the screen.

The model can be subsequently being called from the data files for review analysis or alteration. The most advanced method of geometric modeling is solid modeling in three dimensions.

This method uses solid geometric shapes called to construct the object.

Basically there are three types of modeling, they are

a. Wire Frame Modeling

b. surface Modeling

c. Solid Modeling.

WIRE FRAME MODELING:

This is the basic form of modeling: here the object drawn will be simple but more verbose, geometric model that can be used to represent it mathematically in the computer. It is sometimes referred as a stick figure or an edge representation of the object.

Typical CAD/CAM system provides users with possibly three modes to input coordinates: Cartesian, cylindrical or spherical.

Each mode has explicit or implicit inputs. Explicit input could be absolute or incremental coordinates .Implicit input involves user digitizes.

A wire frame model consists of points, lines, arcs, circles & curves. Early wire frame modeling techniques developed in 1960 were 2-d dimensional. They are not centralized & associative.

Later in 1970 the centralized associative database concepts enabled modeling of 3D objects as wire frame models that can be subjected to 3-dimensional transformations.

WIRE FRAME ENTITIES

Wire frame entities are divided in to 2 types are:

a. Synthetic entities-------- splints & curves

b. Analytic entities-------- points, lines, circles, arcs, conics, fillet,

APPLICATION:

1. Two-dimensional drafting

2. Numerical control tool path generation

ADVANTAGE:

1. It is simple to construct model

2. Less computer memory to store the object

3. CPU time to retrieve, edit or update a wire frame model is less

4. Doesnot requires extensive training.

DISADVANTAGE:

1. It is ambiguous represented of real object.

2. It is ambiguous representation of real object.

3. User or terminal time needed to prepare & or input data increases with complexity of object.

4. No facility for automatic shading.

5. Difficult in calculating physical properties’ like mass, surface area, centre of gravity etc.,

SURFACE MODELING:

A surface model of an object is more complete and less ambiguous representation than it wire frame model. It is also richer in associated geometric contents, which make it more suitable for engineering and design applications. Surfaces model takes one step beyond wire frame models by providing information on surfaces connecting the object qualitative data like desired shape & smoothness. Choice of surface form depends of type of application.

SURFACE ENTITIES:

Similar to wire frame entities, existing CAD/CAM systems provide designers with both analytic and synthetic surface entities. Analytic entities include plane surface, ruled bicubic. Her mite spline surface B-spline surface rectangular and triangular Bezier mathematical properties of some of these entities are covered in this chapter for two purposes. First, if enables users to correctly choose the proper surface and does not

permit position to better understand CAD/CAM documentation and the related modifiers to each surface entity command available on a system. The following are descriptions of major surface entities provided by CAD/CAM systems.

APPLICATION:

1. Calculating mass properties.2. Checking for interference between mating parts.3. Generating cross-sectional views.4. Generating finite element mesh.

ADVANTAGE:

1. They are less ambiguous than wireframes model.2. Surface model provides hidden line and surface

algorithms to add realism to the displayed geometry.3. Surface model can be utilized in volume and mass

property calculations finite element modeling NC path generation and cross-section & interference detections.

4. Changes in finite element mesh size produce more accurate results in FEA

DISADVANTAGE:

1. Surface models are generally more complex and thus require more terminal and CPU time and computer storage to create than wireframe models.

2. Surface models are sometimes awkward to create and may require unnecessary manipulates of wireframes entities.

3. It requires more training to create.

4. It does not provide any topological information.

SOLID MODELING:

A solid model of an object is more complete representation than its surface model. It is unique from the model in topological information. It stores which potentially permits functional automatic and integration.

Defining an object with the solid model is the easiest of the available three modeling techniques .solid model can be quickly created without having to define individual locations as with wire frames.

The completeness and unambiguity of solid models are attributed to the information that is related database of these models stores (topology -------->it determine the relational information between objects)

To model an object completely we need both geometry & topology information .geometry is visible whereas topological information are stored in solid model database are not visible to user.

Two or more primitives can be combined to form the desire solid. Primitive are combined by Boolean operations.

Different Boolean operations are:

1. Union2. Intersection3. Difference.

SOLID ENTITIES

There is a wide variety available commercially to user’s .however the four most commonly used are the block, cylinder, cone and sphere. These are based on the four natural quadrics: planes cylinder, cones, and sphere.

INTRODUCTION TO SOLID WORKS:

Solid works is a powerful 3d modeling program.yhe models it produces can be used in a number of ways to simulate the behavior of a real part or assembly as well as checking

the basic geometry. This tutorial guides you through construction of the model steam engine.

First you’ll learn the basics of creating solid features needed to build the major functional parts and assemble them. In later sessions you’ll generate rendered views too.

This should give you the knowledge needed to create more complex designs as you explore the enormous functionally of solid Works.

EXERCISE OF REVOLVE

EX. NO: 1

DATE:

AIM:

To model the given object using the revolve feature

as per the dimensions.

COMMAND USED:

1. LINE

2. TRIM

3. FILLET

4. EXRTRUDE

5. CIRCLE

6. ARC

7. CHAMFER

PROCEDURE:

1. Select a sketch plane (front, top & side).

2. Sketch a 2D profile of the model.

3. Dimension the model using smart dimensions icon.

4. Check the sketch is fully defined.

5. Revolve the sketch.

RESULT:

Thus the given model is drawn using revolve

feature.

EXERCISE OF SHELL

EX.NO:2

DATE:

AIM:

To model the given object and remove the material using shells option.

COMMAND USED:

1.LINE

2. TRIM

3. EXTRUDE

4. CIRCLE

5. ARC

6. CHAMFER

PROCEDURE:

1. Sketch a plane (front top side).

2. Sketch a 2D profile of the model.

3. Dimension the model using smart dimension icon.

4. Check the sketch is fully defined.

5. Extrude the sketch.

6. Select the face in which you are going to draw the cut profile.

7. Make that plane to normal to you.

8. Sketch the cut profile & dimension it

9. Use the extrude feature remove the portion.

10. Select the shell feature.

11. Select the face in which material to be removed using shell.

12. Specify the shell thickness.

RESULT:

Thus the given model is drawn and completed using shell feature.

EXERCISE ON ASSEMBLY OF FLANGE COUPLING

EX.NO:3

DATE:

AIM;

To model and assemble the flange coupling as per the dimensions given and also convert the 3D models into different views with bill of material.

COMMAND USED:

1. LINE2. TDRIM3. EXTRUDE4. FILLET5. CIRCLE6. ARC7. EXTRUDE8. CHAMFER

PROCEDURE;

1. Model different part of a flange coupling using extrude, revolve etc., feature

2. Select the assembly in solid works main menu.

3. Using insert component icon of property manager insert base component next component to be assemble.

4. Assemble using MATE feature.

5. Continue the inserting the component mating until the entire component are assembled.

6. Save the assembly.

7. Forms the main menu of solid works select the drawing option.

8. Select the table-BOM

9. Place the BOM in the proper place. In the drawing sheet save the drawing sheet.

RESULT:

Thus the given flange coupling is modeled and assembled &different views are taken.

EXERCISE ON ASSEMBLEY OF SCREW JACK.

EX.NO:4

DATE:

AIM:

To model and assemble the screw jack as

per the dimensions given and also convert the 3D model

into different views with bill of materials.

COMMAND USED:

1. LINE

2. TRIM

3. EXTRUDE

4. FILLET

5. CIRCLE

6. ARC

7. EXTRUDE

8. CHAMFER

PROCEDURE:

1. Model different part of a flange coupling using extrude,

revolve etc., feature

2. Select the assembly in solid works main menu.

a.Using insert component icon of property manager

insert base component next component to be

assemble.

3. Assemble using MATE feature.

4. Continue the inserting the component mating until the

entire component are assembled.

5. Save the assembly

6. Forms the main menu of solid works select the drawing

option.

7. Select the table-BOM

8. Place the BOM in the proper place. In the drawing

sheet save the drawing sheet

RESULT:

Thus the given screw jack is modeled & assembled

&different views are taken.

EXERCISE ON ASSEMBLEYOF STRAP JOINT WITH

GIB & COTTER

EX.NO:5

DATE:

AIM:

To model and assemble the strap joint of

Gib & Cotter as per the dimensions given and also

convert the 3D model into different views with bill of

materials.

COMMAND USED:

1. LINE

2. TRIM

3. REGION

4. SUBTRACT

5. COPY

6. MOVE

7. UNION

8. HIDE

9. EXTRUDE

10. FILLET

11. CIRCLE

12. ARC

13. CHAMFER

PROCEDURE:

1. Model different part of a flange coupling using

extrude, revolve etc., feature

2. Select the assembly in solid works main menu.

3. Using insert component icon of property manager

insert base component next component to be assemble.

4. Assemble using MATE feature.

5. Continue the inserting the component mating until

the entire component are assembled.

6. Save the assembly.

7. Forms the main menu of solid works select the

drawing option.

8. Select the table-BOM

9. Place the BOM in the proper place. In the drawing

sheet save the drawing sheet

RESULT:

Thus the given strap joint of gibe cotter joint is

modeled & assembled &different views are taken.

EXERCISE ON MACHINE COMPONENTS OF V-

BLOCK

EX.NO:6

DATE:

AIM:

To draw the given part diagram of the

machine component of V-Block

COMMAND USED:

1. LINE

2. TRIM

3. REGION

4. EXTRUDE

5. ARC

6. CHAMFER

PROCEDURE:

1. Select a sketch plane (front, top & side).

2. Sketch a 2D profile of the model.

3. Dimension the model using smart dimensions icon.

4. Check the sketch is fully defined.

5. Extrude the sketch.

RESULT:

Thus the given part diagram of the machine

component of V-Block are taken.

EXERCISE ON MACHINE COMPONENTS OF

BUSHED BEARING

EX.NO:7

DATE:

AIM:

To draw the given part diagram of the machine

components of bushed bearing

COMMAND USED:

1. LINE

2. CIRCLE

3. TRIM

4. REGION

5. EXTRUDE

6. SUBTRACT

PROCEDURE:

1. Select a sketch plane (front, top & side).

2. Sketch a 2D profile of the model.

3. Dimension the model using smart dimensions icon.

4. Check the sketch is fully defined.

5. Extrude the sketch.

RESULT:

Thus the given part diagram of the machine

components of bushed bearing are taken.

EXERCISE ON GEAR WHEEL-GENEVA

EX.NO:8

DATE:

AIM:

To draw the given part diagram of the Gear Wheel-

Geneva

COMMAND USED:

1. LINE

2. CIRCLE

3. TRIM

4. ARRAY

5. REGION

6. EXTRUDE

7. ARC

8. CHAMFER

PROCEDURE:

1. Select a sketch plane (front, top & side).

2. Sketch a 2D profile of the model.

3. Dimension the model using smart dimensions icon.

4. Check the sketch is fully defined.

5. Extrude the sketch.

RESULT:

Thus the given part diagram of the Gear Wheel-Geneva

are taken.

COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL SYSTEM

(CNC):

The use of a dedicated computer to perform the basic

numerical control functions is known as computer

numerical control system .the CNC provides a high degree

of flexibility and computational capability in computer

aided manufacturing (CAM)

ADVANTAGE OF CNC:

1. Part programs are stored in the computer it self

2. Punched tape & taps reader is used only once to enter

program in to the computer memory

3. The part program can be easily edited

4. It is easy to convert program written in one unit to

another unit such as imperial to metric unit and vice

versa

5. Repeated operations can be stored as a sub-routine

6. Advanced programming ability like mirroring, sub-

routine etc

7. Ability to store tool offset and tool compensation

8. Greater flexibility in manufacturing

9. Improved quality control.

G-CODE FOR TURNING

G-CODE FUNCTION

G00 Rapid Traverse

G01 Liner Interpolation (Feed)

G02 Circular Interpolation (C.W)

G03 Circular Interpolation (CCW)

G04 Dwell

G20 Inch Data Input

G21 Metric Data Input (mm)

G28 Reference Point Return

G32 Thread Cutting

G40 Tool Nose Radius Compensation Cancel

G41 Tool Nose Radius Compensation Cancel-left

G42 Tool Nose Radius Compensation Cancel-right

G50 Maximum Spindle Speed Setting

G70 Finishing Cycle

G71 Stock Removal in Turning

G72 Stock Removal in Facing

G73 Pattern Repeating

G74 Peck Drilling In Z-Axis

G75 Multiple Grooving In X- Axis

G76 Multiple Thread Cutting Cycle

G81 Grooving Along X-Axis

G90 Cutting Cycle

G92 Thread Cutting Cycle

G94 Cutting Cycle (Box Facing Cycle)

G96 Constant Surface Speed Control

G97 Constant Surface Speed Control Cancel

G98 Feed per Minute

G99 Feed per Revolution

M-CODES FOR TURNING

M00 PROGRAM STOP

M01 OPTIONAL STOP

M02 PROGRAM END

M03 SPINDLE ROTATION (CW)

M04 SPINDLE ROTATION (CCW)

M05 SPINDLE STOP

M06 TOOL CGANGE

M08 TOOL CHANGE

M09 COOLANT OFF

M10 VICE OPEN

M11 VICE CLOSE

M98 SUB PROGRAM STOP

M99 SUB PROGRAM EXIT

M30 PROGRAM STOP AND REWIND

M70 X-AXIS MIRROR ON

M71 Y-AXIS MIRROR ON

M80 X-AXIS MIRROR OFF

M81 Y-AXIS MIRROR OFF

STEP TURNING

EX.NO:1

DATE:

AIM:

To perform the step turning operation in CNC simulation software

PROCEDURE:

1. First give the specification of the billet.

2. Enter the program manual for the given drawing in edit window.

3. If any error occurs it will be edited at the time of entry.

4. Lastly click the cycles start to view the simulation operation

PROGRAM:

BILLET X30 Z60G21 G98M06 T0101

M03 S1200G00 X31 Z1G90 X30 Z-40

X29.5X29X28.5X28

G90 X28 Z-25X27.5X27X26.5

X26X25.5X25X24.5X23.5X22.5X22

G90 X22 Z-10X21.5

X21X20.5X20

G00 X31 Z1G28 U0 W0M05M30

RESULT:

Thus the required shapes has been formed by step turning operation in CNC simulation software

15 10

40

Ø28

Ø22

Ø10

All dimensions are in mm

TAPPER TURNING

EX.NO:2

DATE:

AIM:

To perform the tapper turning operation in CNC

simulation software

PROCEDURE:

1. First give the specification of the billet.

2. Enter the program manual for the given drawing in edit window.

3. If any error occurs it will be edited at the time of entry.

4. Lastly click the cycles start to view the simulation operation

PROGRAME:

G21 G98M06 T0101M03 S1000G28 U0 W0G00 X31 Z1G71 U0.5 R1G71 P01 Q02 U0.1 W0.1 F30

N01 G01 X0G01 Z0G03 X20 Z-10 R10G01 Z-25G01 X30 Z-35N02 G01 Z-50G70 P01 Q02 U0 W0 F40G28 U0 W0M05

M30

RESULT:

Thus the required shape has been formed by taper turning operation in CNC simulation software

MULTIPLE TURNING CYCLE

EX.NO:3

DATE:

AIM:

To perform the multiple turning cycle operation in CNC simulation software. Used in G71& G70 codes

PROCEDURE:

1. First give the specification of the billet.

2. Enter the program manual for the given drawing in edit window.

3. If any error occurs it will be edited at the time of entry.

4. Lastly click the cycles start to view the simulation operation

PROGRAME:

O 1006(BILLET X38 Z90)G21 G98 G40M06 T0101M03 S1200G00 X38 Z1G71 U0.5 R1G71 P10 Q20 U0.5 W0 F30N10 G01 X0Z0G01 X12 Z-6G01 X12 Z -16G03 X20 Z-24 R6

G01 X20 Z-36G01 X30 Z-50G01 X30 Z-62N20 G03 X38 Z-70 R6G70 P10 Q20M01G28 U0 W0M05 M30

RESULT:

Thus the required shape has been formed by multiple turning cycles’ operation in CNC simulation software.

GROOVING CYCLE

EX.NO:4

DATE:

AIM:

To perform the grooving cycle operation in CNC

simulation software. Used in G75 codes

PROCEDURE:

1. First give the specification of the billet.

2. Enter the program manual for the given drawing in edit window.

3. If any error occurs it will be edited at the time of entry.

4. Lastly click the cycles start to view the simulation operation

PROGRAME:

O 1010(BILLET X32 Z70)G21 G98M06 T0404M03 S1000G00 X35 Z-32M01 G75 R1G75 X20 W-10 P1000 Q1000 F30M01G28 U0 W0M05M30

RESULT:

Thus the required shape has been formed by multiple turning cycles’ operation in CNC simulation software.

GROOVING AND THREAD CUTTING USING

CYCLE

EX.NO:5

DATE:

AIM:

To write a part program and simulate the tool

path for the given model using Fanuc controller.

PROCEDURE:

1. First give the specification of the billet.

2. Enter the program manual for the given drawing in edit window.

3. If any error occurs it will be edited at the time of entry.

4. Lastly click the cycles start to view the simulation operation

PROGRAME:

O 0013 (BILLET X22 Z70) G21 G97 G98 G28 U0 W0 M06 T01 M03 S1000 G00 X22 Z1 G01 Z0 F50 G71 U0.5 R1 G71 P100 Q200 U0.2 W0.2 N100 G01 X14 Z-13 Z-30 X19 Z-40 N200 X22 M05

G28 U0 W0 M06 T02 M03 S1200 G00 X22 Z1 G70 P100 Q200

G28 U0 W0M05G28 U0 W0M06 T03M03 S250G00 X14 Z1G76 P031560 Q150 R0.15G76 X14 Z10G28 U0 W0G28 U0 W0M05M30

RESULT

Thus the part program for the given model is written and verified through simulation

` BOX THREADING CYCLE

EX.NO:6

DATE:

AIM:

To perform the box threading cycle

operation in CNC simulation software. Used in G92

codes

PROCEDURE:

1. First give the specification of the billet.

2. Enter the program manual for the given drawing in edit window.

3. If any error occurs it will be edited at the time of entry.

4. Lastly click the cycles start to view the simulation operation

PROGRAME:

O 1011(BILLET X20 Z70)G21 G98G28 U0 W0M06 T0101M03 S1200G00 X20 Z1

G90 X20 Z-45 F30X19X18X17X16X15X14

X13X12M01G28 U0 W0M06 T0505M03 S150G00 X12 Z1G01 X12 Z0G92 X12 Z-30 F1.25X11X90853M01 G28 U0 W0M05M30

RESULT:

Thus the required shape has been formed by box

threading cycles’ operation in CNC simulation software.

LINEAR WITH CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION

EX.NO:7

DATE:

AIM:

To write a part program and simulate the tool path for the given model using Fanuc controller.

PROCEDURE:

1. First give the specification of the billet.

2. Enter the program manual for the given drawing in edit window.

3. If any error occurs it will be edited at the time of entry.

4. Lastly click the cycles start to view the simulation operation

PROGRAME:

O 0010(BILLET X90 Y 90 Z12)G21 G94 G90

G28 X0 Y0 Z0M06 T01 D06M03 S1000G00 X-15 Y-25 Z50G01 Z-3 F50X15G03 X25 Y-15 R10G01 Y15G02 X15 Y15 R10G01 X-25 Y -15

G02 X-15 Y-25 R10G00 Z50G28 X0 Y0 Z0M05`M30

RESULT: Thus the part program for the given model is written and verified through simulation

RECTANGULAR AND CIRCULAR POCKETING

EX.NO:8

DATE:

AIM:

To write a part program and simulate the tool path for the given model using Fanuc controller.

PROCEDURE:

1. First give the specification of the billet.

2. Enter the program manual for the given drawing in edit window.

3. If any error occurs it will be edited at the time of entry.

4. Lastly click the cycles start to view the simulation operation

PROGRAME:

O 0011(BILLET X90 Y90 Z12)G21 G94 G90G28 X0 Y0 Z0M06 S1000G00 X-20 Y -20 Z50G01 Z-3 F50X20Y-20Y-20G00 X0 Y0 Z0M05M06 T02 D06M03 S1000G00 Z-5 F50G00 Z50G28 X0 Y0 Z0M30

RESULT:

Thus the part program for the given model is written and verified through simulate

MIRRORING CYCLE

EX.NO:9

DATE:

AIM:

To write a part program and simulate the tool path for the given model using Fanuc controller.

PROCEDURE:

1. First give the specification of the billet.

2. Enter the program manual for the given drawing in edit window.

3. If any error occurs it will be edited at the time of entry.

4. Lastly click the cycles start to view the simulation operation

PROGRAME:

O 1015(BILLET X100 Y100 Z10)(TOOLDEF T1 D5)(EDGEMOVE X-50 Y-50)G21 G94 G40 G91G28 X0 Y0G90M06 T1M03 S1500G00 X0 Y0 Z5G98 P0011234M70M98 P0011234M80M71M98 P0011234M81M70M71

M98 P0011234M80M81G91G28 X0 Y0M05M30SUBPROGRAMO 1234G00 X15 Y15G01 X15 Y15 Z-1 F30G01 X35 Y15G03 X15 Y15 R20G01 X15 Y15 G00 X15 Y15 Z5G00 X0 Y0M99

RESULT:Thus the part program for the given model is

written and verified through simulation