1. Cadmium

2. BACKGROUND Cadmium (Latin cadmia meaning calamine) a chemical element with the symbol Cd and atomicnumber 48. Cadmium is a soft, malleable, ductile, bluish-whitedivalent metal It is a by product of zinc Is similar to zinc and mercury 3. BACKGROUND found in some paints, batteries and at other industrialworkplaces. Cadmium is absorbed through inhalation of the largerparticles of ore or the smaller particles of dust. 25%of ingested cadmium is absorbed and transportedby the blood into the liver and kidneys. Cadmium can stay in the blood for up to two years. 4. DENTAL CORRELATIONPERIODONTITIS Cadmium is released from intra-oral alloys in dental patients and isaccumulated in both teeth and oral tissues the intermetallic compound of dental amalgam containsapproximately 4.5 g/g Cd in the metalmatrix alloy. levels of Cd in tooth specimens were significantly higher in sampleswith dental amalgam fillings. Cd released from dental alloy restorations may influence manyaspects of mineralized hard tissue of teeth and their immediatesurrounding periodontal tissues.YELLOWING of TEETH Caused by chronic exposure to Cadmium(Cd) 5. Itai Itai Disease Itai-itaidisease: a form ofcadmiumpoisoning. Female workersfrom Japan whoworked in BatteryFactories sufferedfrom Cadmiumpoisoning, theydeveloped kidneyrelated diseases andosteomalacia. 6. Cadmium poisoning3 STAGES1. Mild stage - with the renal tubular dysfunction and decreased bone mass.2. Typical stage - with the severe renal tubular dysfunction and pseudofracture detectable by X-ray examination3.Serious stage -with severe renal dysfunction and pseudofracture or fracture. 7. PREVENTION Do not live near hazardous waste sites or industrialfactories that emit cadmium into the air Do not work in a metal smelting and/or refining plant Do not work in a plant that produces cadmiumproducts (batteries, coatings, plastics, pigments) 8. TREATMENTMild Treated as outpatients. They were provided with increaseddairy products and given vitamin D tablets. With thistreatment, their pain decreased within two months andafter four months they were able to return to work.Moderate to severe Kept in the hospital and given shots of vitamin D andtaken into the sun as much as possible. After they weredischarged, they had to receive vitamin D shots for one totwo years. In most cases, patients pain subsided after two monthsand by eight months their bone structure had recoveredenough for them to walk again. 9. TREATMENT To aid in the removal of cadmium a chelating agentcan be used. The agent will help bond the excessmetals in the bloodstream which will speed up theremoval of the excess cadmium. Hemodialysis can also be used to remove the toxinsfrom the bloodstream.