cae writing (useful language).doc

8/10/2019 CAE Writing (useful language).doc

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CAE - WRITING AND VOCABULARY

1) FORMAL WRITING (Reports and proposals)

Introduction-The main purpose/aim of (this report) isto outline/ present / discuss / examine / evaluate-This report (outlines/looks at)-This report is based on

Generalising -On the whole, -In eneral,

Making recommendations and concluding-It is clear from customer feedback that-!ith reard to, the eneral view seemsto be-In the liht of (this "ear#s experience),-$erhaps the most e%ective wa" of-If the (centre) is to attract morecustomers, it isvital that

-It would be a ood idea to-It is (therefore) believed / obvious that

would beideal for-It would (not) be advisable / practicalto-!e suest/propose that-!e suest/propose & ing-' (more spacious area) would be thesolution/ an e%ective wa" of

-In liht of the above, we believe thefollowinmeasures should be adopted

-In the short/lon term, we suest "oushouldconsider

-" recommendations are as follows-In m" view, in future, we should-To improve the situation, werecommend

-It is recommended that-To sum up,To conclude,-I hope that the plan outlined/presentedin thisreport meets with "our approval

-I hope that the recommendationsoutlined/presented in this report will receive "our

seriousconsideration*

t!le

"+o not use contractions*-se passive forms whenever possible*-se relative clauses to oin ideas The period during which he lived was full ofuncertainty.-se these formal words likesuch as / kids children

a lot (of)man" / a lare number of & countable noun

a lot (of)much / a reat amount of / a reat deal of &

uncountablea lot (intensit")ver" much / sini.cantl" / dramaticall"

- 'void usin the word things / something, etc* se a more speci.c word (problems,situation, solutions,subjects, and so on)*

#) $MI"FORMAL WRITING

Addressing t%e reader-ave "ou ever wondered (what the collee would be like if)0 If the answer is ("es), "ou--If "ou want a di%erent kind of experience, / 's "ou know,-+oesn#t it ust make ever"one feel (positive about)0-If "ou have a few hours to spare,is worth seein*

&escri'ing location-1ocated / 2ituated (ust a few miles awa"

from), 3

Giing !our opinion -3 is intended for "oun(er) people

-3 is popular with (children)

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is-:uilt (ust next to), 3 is-2ome minutes from, 3 is

Giing inormation-Throuhout it histor", 3-3 is b" far the oldest-; is the best known-!hat is particular spectacular is

-6ecent additions/chanes include

-In fact, (758'TI95 O$I7IO7) -It#s clearl" been a ood idea to

Giing practical inormation -'n"one wishin to (appl")can/should -(!e) participate in/oranise/run -(The club) o%ers/provides a rane of(competitive

matches for) -One of the most popular (features ofour club is) -embers have the opportunit" to/are able to

Accurac!-7ever omit the subect pronoun Many people believe ITis important to... I believeIT is a good ideastudy...

- +o not use unnecessar" subect pronouns This is a problem which it is essential tosolve.-ake sure the subect and the verb areeAttracting tourists involves improving local

facilities.(2I781'6 2:=54Tattractin tourists & 2I781'6 956:involves)

Attitude clauses and p%rases8enerall" speakin,'nno"inl", 7aturall", 2tranel", 2urprisinl", 5videntl",Indeed, In fact, 'dmittedl", $resumabl",

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

R$LAT$& WOR& AN& *+RA$AGR$$M$NT-' reat number of people share the view that tourism will have a neative impact onthe island*-Toda" there is eneral / widespread areement that pollution from cars and planes isthreatenin thefuture of our planet*

-It is now widel" accepted that the universe bean with the so-called >bi ban>*

&IAGR$$M$NT-Opinions di%er about the proper relationship between the mass media and societ"*-There is considerable disareement amon experts about the usefulness of thesetests*-There has been a reat deal of controvers" over abortion in the 2*

A&,ANTAG$ AN& &IA&,ANTAG$-6eular exercise has man" bene.ts, includin reducin the risk of heart disease*-+espite a few problems with the desin, the car>s advantaes clearl" outweih itsdisadvantaes*-The maor drawback of this method is that it can be ver" time-consumin*-The downside of runnin "our own business is that "ou are responsible if an"thinoes wron*

-A.$-lead to The research could lead to a cure for man" serious illnesses*-result in The .re resulted in damae to their propert"*

-be responsible for e was responsible for the accident*

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-brin aboutThe war brouht about enormous social chane*-ive rise to $oor performance in exams can ive rise to depression and eventhouhts of suicide*-trierto make somethin suddenl" start to happen, especiall" a bad situation suchas a crisis or a war, ora medical condition 4ertain foods can trier alleries*

-contribute to $assive smokin could contribute to the development of respirator"diseases amonnonsmokers*

-factor 4ost is often the decidin factor when choosin an" product*

$FF$-T-impact on is work has had an enormous impact on the stud" of enetics*-in@uence on In his book, he examines the in@uence of the media on our societ"*-a%ect (v) The disease a%ects women more than men*-in@uence (v) 2he has in@uenced him a lot*-implications The results of the stud" could have important implications for futureeducational polic"*

$M*+AI/ING-I would like to stress that the research is still at an earl" stae*-It should be noted that there are a number of alternative methods available*-It is worth bearin in mind that ABC of the scientists researchin herbicides in the 2are emplo"ed b"chemical companies*

-Dactors such as temperature and acidit" pla" a crucial role in determinin how wellthe process works*-These insects pla" a vital part in the food chain*-It is essential that the work is carried out as soon as possible*-The climate is much colder, especiall" in the far north*

*RO0L$M-issue Issue is used especiall" about problems that a%ect a lot of people in societ"

International terrorismis the biest issue (Ethe most important issue) facin the world toda"* $revious

overnments failed toaddress (Etr" to deal with) social issues such as unemplo"ment and homelessness*

-challene somethin diFcult that "ou must do or deal with, which needs a lot of skill,e%ort, anddetermination 2he said she was lookin forward to the challene of startin up a

new business on herown*

-diFcult" The compan" has manaed to overcome (Edeal with) its recent .nancialdiFculties*

an" people experience diFcult" in sleepin at some time in their lives*- trouble a problem or several problems that make somethin diFcult, spoil "ourplans etc 2tudents of5nlish often have trouble with phrasal verbs* The compan" ran into trouble

(Estarted to have problems)when it tried to expand too Guickl"*

-setback somethin that happens which stops "ou makin proress or which makesthins worse thanthe" were before +espite some earl" setbacks, his campain for the presidenc" was

successful*-obstacle 4riminal ans are the biest obstacle to democratic reform*-dilemma The doctors were faced with a moral dilemma*

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-vicious circle 2ome developin countries et cauht in a vicious circle* The" cannota%ord to pa" theirdebt repa"ments, and so the debts et even bier*

-complication

IN-R$A$-increase b" (percent) 1ast "ear, the number of burlaries increased b"


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-unattractive / unpleasant / unsihtl" / hideous (Eextremel" ul")-.lth" ver" dirt"

IN 0A& -ON&ITION (*LA-$)-in bad condition / dilapidated / run-down

N$W-latest / brand-new / innovative (idea or s"stem)

OL&-old-fashioned / outdated / obsolete

,$R2-absolutel" / extremel" / hihl" / incredibl" / remarkabl"

GOO& *$RFORMAN-$ 3 *I$-$ OF WOR4-excellent / outstandin / impressive / exceptional

GOO& FOR A *ARTI-.LAR 5O06 *.R*O$6 $T--suitable / riht / proper / appropriate / be suited to

WRONG INFORMATION 3 N.M0$R-incorrect / inaccurate / misleadin

NOT R$AONA0L$ 3 N$-$AR2-unusti.ed / unreasonable / without ood reason

R$LA-unwind / wind down 2et in spectacular countr"side, the 2hia otel is the perfectplace to unwind*-make someone feel at ease-relaxed / feel at ease / laid-back (not easil" worried or anno"ed) /

N$R,O.-tense / uneas" / anxious / be under stress

*.0LI- $R,I-$-facilities The facilities at the hotel were excellent -- tennis courts, swimmin pool,several bars and a oodrestaurant*

-amenities thins such as shops, parks, or restaurants that make livin or workin in aplace more pleasant I prefer this part of the cit" because there are plent" of ood amenities*

-OM*ARION-a reat deal / far / much & comparative (cheaper / more economical than)-a bit / slihtl" / barel" & comparative (cheaper / more economical than)-b" far / easil" the & superlative (This is easil" the best solution we can think of)

,$R2 M.-+ 3 NOT ,$R2 M.-+-dramaticall" / sini.cantl" / slihtl"

AN&-'s well (as) / in addition to Over JBB people will lose their obs, in addition to theLBB people who leftthe compan" last "ear*

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-In addition ' .fth of the world>s population lives on less than N< a da"* In addition,over

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