Caesar Comprehension and Text Evidence

Caesar Comprehension and Text EvidenceFor each questions below, complete answer A in English, based on your reading. For answer B, quote the Latin from the text to support your answer.The Gallic War Julius Caesar, Gerunds, Gerundives, Cum clauses, purpose clausesObjectivesI can:Read a passage in unadapted Latin and understand the meaningCite text evidence to support my understandingMake cultural inferences and comparisons based on my translation of the LatinAnalyze the style used by Julius Caesar to impact his audience

Grammar ObjectivesI can:Recognize a subjunctive purpose clause and translate appropriately in contextRecognize a gerund or gerundive in context and translate appropriatelyRecognize and appropriately translate the four types of cum clauses using the correct definition of the word cumGrammar ObjectivesI can:Recognize and form subjunctives verbs in all four tensesChoose the correct tense of subjunctive to show when the subordinate verb happens in relation to the main verbTranslate the subordinate subjunctive verb to show the correct time relative to the main verbPassage One: Introduction to the Gallic WarGallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra Galli appellantur. Hi omnes lingua, institutis, legibus inter se differunt. Gallos ab Aquitanis Garumna flumen, a Belgis Matrona et Sequana dividit. Horum omnium fortissimi sunt Belgae, propterea quod a cultu atque humanitate provinciae longissime absunt, minimeque ad eos mercatores saepe commeant atque ea quae ad effeminandos animos pertinent important, proximique sunt Germanis, qui trans Rhenum incolunt, quibuscum continenter bellum gerunt. Qua de causa Helvetii quoque reliquos Gallos virtute praecedunt, quod fere cotidianis proeliis cum Germanis contendunt, cum aut suis finibus eos prohibent aut ipsi in eorum finibus bellum gerunt. Eorum una, pars, quam Gallos obtinere dictum est, initium capit a flumine Rhodano, continetur Garumna flumine, Oceano, finibus Belgarum, attingit etiam ab Sequanis et Helvetiis flumen Rhenum, vergit ad septentriones. Belgae ab extremis Galliae finibus oriuntur, pertinent ad inferiorem partem fluminis Rheni, spectant in septentrionem et orientem solem. Aquitania a Garumna flumine ad Pyrenaeos montes et eam partem Oceani quae est ad Hispaniam pertinet; spectat inter occasum solis et septentriones.Comprehension Questions with Text Evidence1. What are the three parts of Gaul?A.B.

2. How are the inhabitants different?A.B.

3. What geographical features separate the various groups?A.B.

4. What three reasons make the Belgae the most courageous?A.B.

5. What makes the Helvetii excel other Gauls in valor?A.B.6. What are the boundaries of the area inhabited by the Gauls?A.B.

7. What are the geographical boundaries of the region of the Belgae?A.B.8. What are the geographical boundaries of Aquitania?A.B.Passage Two: OrgetorixApud Helvetios longe nobilissimus fuit et ditissimus Orgetorix. Is M. Messala, [et P.] M. Pisone consulibus regni cupiditate inductus coniurationem nobilitatis fecit et civitati persuasit ut de finibus suis cum omnibus copiis exirent: perfacile esse, cum virtute omnibus praestarent, totius Galliae imperio potiri.Id hoc facilius iis persuasit, quod undique loci natura Helvetii continentur: una ex parte flumine Rheno latissimo atque altissimo, qui agrum Helvetium a Germanis dividit; altera ex parte monte Iura altissimo, qui est inter Sequanos et Helvetios; tertia lacu Lemanno et flumine Rhodano, qui provinciam nostram ab Helvetiis dividit.His rebus fiebat ut et minus late vagarentur et minus facile finitimis bellum inferre possent; qua ex parte homines bellandi cupidi magno dolore adficiebantur.Pro multitudine autem hominum et pro gloria belli atque fortitudinis angustos se fines habere arbitrabantur, qui in longitudinem milia passuum CCXL, in latitudinem CLXXX patebant.

Comprehension Questions with Text Evidence1. In the context of the Helvetii how is Orgetorix initially described?A.B.2. Why did he form a conspiracy among the nobles?A.B.3. What did he persuade the community to do?A.B.4. How did he persuade them?A.B.

5. Why was he able to easily persuade the people?A.B.6. What geographical features are involved in this conflict and why?A.B.C.D.

7. How did these geographical features influence the Helvetii?A.B.8. Why were they distressed?A.B.9. What two reasons did they consider made their territory inadequate?A.B.C.D.

Passage Three: A Tale of Two RivalsPullo and VorenusErant in ea legione fortissimi viri, centuriones, qui primis ordinibus appropinquarent, Titus Pullo et Lucius Vorenus. Hi perpetuas inter se controversias habebant, quinam anteferretur, omnibusque annis de locis summis simultatibus contendebant Ex his Pullo, cum acerrime ad munitiones pugnaretur, "Quid dubitas," inquit, " Vorene? aut quem locum tuae probandae virtutis exspectas ? hic dies de nostris controversiis iudicabit." Haec cum dixisset, procedit extra munitiones quaque pars hostium confertissima est visa irrumpit. Ne Vorenus quidem tum sese vallo continet, sed omnium veritus existimationem subsequitur. . Mediocri spatio relicto Pullo pilum in hostes immittit atque unum ex multitudine procurrentem traicit; quo percusso et exanimato hunc scutis protegunt, in hostem tela universi coniciunt neque dant regrediendi facultatem. Transfigitur scutum Pulloni et verutum in balteo defigitur. Avertit hic casus vaginam et gladium educere conanti dextram moratur manum, impeditumque hostes circumsistunt. Succurrit inimicus illi Vorenus et laboranti subvenitAd hunc se confestim a Pullone omnis multitudo convertit: illum veruto arbitrantur occisum. Gladio comminus rem gerit Vorenus atque uno interfecto reliquos paulum propellit; dum cupidius instat, in locum deiectus inferiorem concidit. Huic rursus circumvento fert subsidium Pullo, atque ambo incolumes compluribus interfectis summa cum laude sese intra munitiones recipiunt. Sic fortuna in contentione et certamine utrumque versavit, ut alter alteri inimicus auxilio salutique esset, neque diiudicari posset, uter utri virtute anteferendus videretur.

Tale of Two Rivals CQTE1. How are Pullo and Vorenus described initially?A.B.2. For what are they competing?A.B.3. How long has this competition been happening?A.B.4. What does Pullo ask Vorenus?A.B.

5. With what action does Pullo plan to end the controversy?A.B.6. Why does Vorenus follow Pullos action?A.B.7. What happens in Pullos first encounter with the enemy?A.B.

8. How does the enemy respond to his attack?A.B.9. How is Pullo disabled in his attack?A.B.10. How does Vorenus respond to Pullos danger?A.B.

11. What happens to Vorenus when he tries to rescue Pullo?A.B.12. How does Pullo respond to Vorenus dilemna?A.B.13. How do they both manage to return to the fort?A.B.

14. What did that days combat prove?A.B.

Passage Four: The Battle with the NerviiHis rebus cum iter agminis nostri impediretur, non omittendum sibi consilium Nervii existimaverunt. Loci natura erat haec, quem locum nostri castris delegerant Collis ab summo aequaliter declivis ad flumen Sabim, quod supra nominavimus, vergebat. Ab eo flumine pari acclivitate collis nascebatur adversus huic et contrarius, passus circiter CC infimus apertus, ab superiore parte silvestris, ut non facile introrsus perspici possetIntra eas silvas hostes in occulto sese continebant; in aperto loco secundum flumen paucae stationes equitum videbantur. Fluminis erat altitudo pedum circiter trium. Caesar equitatu praemisso subsequebatur omnibus copiis; sed ratio ordoque agminis aliter se habebat ac Belgae ad Nervios detulerant Nam quod hostibus adpropinquabat, consuetudine sua Caesar VI legiones expeditas ducebat; post eas totius exercitus impedimenta conlocarat; inde duae legiones quae proxime conscriptae erant totum agmen claudebant praesidioque impedimentis erant. Equites nostri cum funditoribus sagittariisque flumen transgressi cum hostium equitatu proelium commiserunt. Cum se illi identidem in silvis ad suos reciperent ac rursus ex silva in nostros impetum facerent, neque nostri longius quam quem ad finem porrecta [ac] loca aperta pertinebant cedentes insequi auderent, interim legiones VI quae primae venerant, opere dimenso, castra munire coeperunt.

Ubi prima impedimenta nostri exercitus ab iis qui in silvis abditi latebant visa sunt, quod tempus inter eos committendi proelii convenerat, ut intra silvas aciem ordinesque constituerant atque ipsi sese confirmaverant, subito omnibus copiis provolaverunt impetumque in nostros equites fecerunt. His facile pulsis ac proturbatis, incredibili celeritate ad flumen decucurrerunt, ut paene uno tempore et ad silvas et in flumine [et iam in manibus nostris] hostes viderentur. Eadem autem celeritate adverso colle ad nostra castra atque eos qui in opere occupati erant contenderunt.

Caesari omnia uno tempore erant agenda: vexillum proponendum, quod erat insigne, cum ad arma concurri oporteret; signum tuba dandum; ab opere revocandi milites; qui paulo longius aggeris petendi causa processerant arcessendi; acies instruenda; milites cohortandi; signum dandum.Quarum rerum magnam partem temporis brevitas et incursus hostium impediebat. His difficultatibus duae res erant subsidio, scientia atque usus militum, quod superioribus proeliis exercitati quid fieri oporteret non minus commode ipsi sibi praescribere quam ab aliis doceri poterant, et quod ab opere singulisque legionibus singulos legatos Caesar discedere nisi munitis castris vetuerat. Hi propter propinquitatem et celeritatem hostium nihil iam Caesaris imperium expectabant, sed per se quae videbantur administrabant.

Caesar, necessariis rebus imperatis, ad cohortandos milites, quam [in] partem fors obtulit, decucurrit et ad legionem decimam devenit. Milites non longiore oratione cohortatus quam uti suae pristinae virtutis memoriam retinerent neu perturbarentur animo hostiumque impetum fortiter sustinerent, quod non longius hostes aberant quam quo telum adigi posset, proelii committendi signum dedit. Atque in alteram item cohortandi causa profectus pugnantibus occurrit. Temporis tanta fuit exiguitas hostiumque tam paratus ad dimicandum animus ut non modo ad insignia accommodanda sed etiam ad galeas induendas scutisque tegimenta detrahenda tempus defuerit. Quam quisque ab opere in partem casu devenit quaeque prima signa conspexit, ad haec constitit, ne in quaerendis suis pugnandi tempus dimitteret. CQTE1. Why did the Nervi think that they had to attack?A.B.

2. Describe the geographical features of the place chosen for the camp.A.B.C. D. E F.

3. Where were the enemy?A.B.

4. What had Caesar done with the cavalry?A.b.

5. What was Caesars custom?A.B. 6. Where is the baggage train?A.B.

7. What were the most recently drafted two legions doing?A.B.

8. What two groups began the battle with what type of assistance?A.B.

9. Describe that portion of the battle.A.B.

10. What did the first six legions do?A.B.

11. What was the agreed sign for the enemy to start the battle ?A.B.

12. From where did the enemy attack the cavalry?A.B.

13. Where were the enemies seen concurrently?A.B.

14. Where does the enemy hurry?A.B.15. List the six things Caesar MUST do.A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.i.J.K

16. What two things hindered him?A.B.

17. What two things helped Caesar?A.B.

18. How were the soldiers able to know what to do?A.B.19. What two factors urged the soliders to do what was needed?A.B

20. What did Caesar run to do?A.B.

21. What three points does Caesar make in his speech to the soldiers?A.B.

22. Why did he meet those men who were fighting?A.B.

23. What did the soldiers not have time to do?A.B.

24. How did the soldiers adapt to the situation?A.B.