Caffeine Habit: A survey on theUse and Effects of Caffeine-containing Beverages amongUniversity Studentsy

Encinas, M.H.F., Gabrito, C.J.N., Gamboa, M.F.V.T.G., Llena, J.K.B., Sison K I S Valero M P C Viray K C A Apostol J G Sison, K.I.S., Valero, M.P.C., Viray, K.C.A., Apostol, J.G.,

Men’s Health ClinicClinical Pharmacy SocietyFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of Santo TomasEspana, Manila, Philippines

INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY

INTRODUCTION

Caffeine has been used for centuries for its Caffeine has been used for centuries for its stimulating effects

Most energy drinks contains 70-200mg per can8oz. cup of drip coffee contains 110-150mgPercolated coffee contains 65-125mg per cupInstant coffee contains 40-80mg per cupInstant coffee contains 40 80mg per cupDr. Pepper delivers 41 mgA can of coke provides 34 mg

INTRODUCTION

Most common caffeinated beverages:

Coffee (Coffea arabica [Rubiaceae])Co ee (Co ea a ab ca [ ub aceae])Tea (Camellis sinensis [Theaceae])

Cacao (Theobroma cacao [Malvaceae]) ( [ ])

Caffeinated Beverages

Image from: http://www.stuff.co.nz/life-style/well-good/8632765/Caffeine-How-young-is-too-young

Image from: http://www.themathhattan.com/tag/caffeine/

Top 5 Energy Ingredients

Image from: http://www.caffeineinformer.com/energy-drink-ingredients

INTRODUCTION

Caffeine ( )Caffeine ( )known as 1,3,7-trimethylxanthinewidely-used psychoactive drug performancewidely used psychoactive drug, performanceenhancer, fat burner and nootropic agent, asubstance that enhances cognition, memoryand facilitates learningworks by blocking the inhibitory receptors foradenosine thereb gi ing a stim lant effectadenosine thereby giving a stimulant effect

Moderate Caffeine Consumption

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INTRODUCTION

CaffeinismCaffeinismcondition wherein there is a remarkableamount of caffeine in the body whichamount of caffeine in the body whichgives exacerbation of caffeine effectsand other adverse effectspeople experience side effects above400mg (recommended daily safe dose)g ( y )

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OBJECTIVES

The objective of the study are as follows:

1. To find out which caffeinated beverage with itscaffeine content is commonly consumed or preferredby the randomly selected freshmen students of atertiary teaching institution;

2. To find out the common side effects experienced bythe students after taking a dose of caffeine into theirthe students after taking a dose of caffeine into theirsystem; and

3. To find out their reasons or indication for drinking such3. To find out their reasons or indication for drinking suchbeverages.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The research study can be beneficial to:

1. Students

- source of information about the effects of caffeine-containing beverages that affect their lifestyle and theimportance of intake management

2. Other researchers: - as a supporting reference for further studies related to

caffeine-related concerns

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

Respondents of the study are only students from thetertiary teaching institution coming from the courses ofBachelor of Science in Pharmacy, Biochemistry andMedical Technology.

The study focused on caffeinated drinks and its adverseeffects.

The amount and frequency of caffeine intake was not notedin this study.

METHOD OF METHOD OF THE STUDYTHE STUDY

SUBJECTS

The researchers have randomly selected 150The researchers have randomly selected 150students as subjects of the study from a tertiaryteaching institution.

The subjects were freshmen students currentlytaking Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy,Biochemistry and Medical TechnologyBiochemistry and Medical Technology.

SETTING

The study was conducted at a tertiary teachingThe study was conducted at a tertiary teachinginstitution where selected students were givensurvey questionnaires and were collectedafterwardsafterwards.

The purpose of the study was briefly explained.

Respondents were assured of confidentialityand anonymity.

METHOD OF THE STUDY

Survey toolSurvey toolConsists of the:

Demographics of the respondentsCaffeine source preferenceList of possible adverse effects or symptoms ofcaffeinismcaffeinism

The data were collected and tabulated

Survey Tool Name Year & Section Age Gender Name_________________________________________ Year & Section ____ Age__ Gender__

Caffeine Preference (you can check more than one)

[ ] Coffee [ ] Tea [ ] Soda [ ] Energy Drinks [ ] Chocolate Drink[ ] Coffee [ ] Tea [ ] Soda [ ] Energy Drinks [ ] Chocolate Drink

Others (please specify) __________________________

Do you feel any unpleasant feelings after drinking coffee? Do you feel any unpleasant feelings after drinking coffee?

[ ] Nervousness [ ] Irritability

[ ] Tremors [ ] Muscle twitching[ ] Tremors [ ] Muscle twitching

[ ] Insomnia [ ] Flushed appearance

[ ] Elevated temperature [ ] Palpitations[ ] Elevated temperature [ ] Palpitations

[ ] Arrhythmia [ ] Gastrointestinal disturbances

What is the main purpose of your intake of caffeine? ______________________

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

RESULTS

Out of 150 questionnaires distributed, only 136or 90 67% were returned and tabulatedor 90.67% were returned and tabulated.

Among the respondents there were 94Among the respondents, there were 94female and 42 male students. Studentsincluded are those from ages 16-19 years old.

Respondents can and have chosen morethan one option among all the choicesdepending on their o n preferencedepending on their own preference.

Table 1. Preferred Caffeine SourcesTable 1. Preferred Caffeine Sources

SOURCE RESULTS PERCENTAGESOURCE RESULTS PERCENTAGECoffee 101 74.26%

Chocolate Drinks 93 68 38%Chocolate Drinks 93 68.38%

Tea 66 48.53%

Soda 58 42.65%

Energy Drinks 28 20 59%Energy Drinks 28 20.59%

Table 1. Shows the tabulated results of the preferredcaffeine-beverages of the students, wherein coffee standsas the number one choice of caffeine source.

Figure 1. Preferred Caffeine Sources

100120

g

406080

100

02040

RESULTS PERCENTAGE

Table 2. Adverse Effects Experienced by StudentsAfter Taking Significant Amount of Caffeine fromAfter Taking Significant Amount of Caffeine fromCaffeinated Beverages.

UNPLEASANT EFFECT TALLY PERCENTAGEUNPLEASANT EFFECT TALLY PERCENTAGENervousness 31 22.79%

Insomnia 25 18.39%Insomnia 25 18.39%Palpitations 25 18.39%

Gastrointestinal Disturbance 20 14.71%Irritability 13 9.56%

Muscle Twitching 9 6.62%Tremors 9 6.62%

Elevated Temperatures 7 5.15%Arrhythmia 2 1 47%Arrhythmia 2 1.47%

Flushed Appearances 2 1.47%

Figure 2. Adverse Effects Experienced byStudents After Taking Significant Amount of

40

g gCaffeine from Caffeinated Beverages.

20

30

0

10

20

0

Tally Percentage

Reason to Consumption

Main Purpose:Main Purpose:Improve confidence for examinationsEnergy boost for studying and meetinggy y g gdeadlines

Other notable purpose:Other notable purpose:Consumed to stay awake late at nightStimulant to perform needed tasksStimulant to perform needed tasks

CONCLUSION AND CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONRECOMMENDATION

CONCLUSION

Surveyed students’ lacks proper understandingy p p gregarding caffeine and have taken lightly theirappropriate use.

i i ff iThe varied side effects they experienced werebrought upon by their improper intake ofcaffeine due to their lack of knowledgeregarding the substance.

An irresponsible use of caffeine may lead toi li tivarious complications.

RECOMMENDATION

A seminar or proper informationA seminar or proper informationdissemination is recommended to informthem regarding its rational use.

Counseling on time management andavoidance of cramming may also beadded to further aid academicperformance.

RECOMMENDATION

It is also recommended if future researchers continue the study, to consider factors such as

Time of intake/dosingF f i t k Frequency of intake Volume consumedPercent content of caffeine Percent content of caffeine Caffeine combinations present in the beverages that may have a co-relation to the symptoms experienced experienced.

REFERENCES [1] A W Mc Hill et al, (2014). Effects of caffeine on skin and core temperatures, alertness, and recovery sleep during circadian misalignment, Journal of Biological Rhythms, Volume 29.

[2] C Drake et al, (2013). Caffeine Effects on Sleep Taken 0, 3, or 6 Hours before Going to Bed, Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, Volume 9 (11): 1195-1200

[3] Ferré, S. (2013). Caffeine and Substance Use Disorders. Journal of Caffeine Research, 3(2), 57-58.

[4] James J E (2013) Caffeine: Public Concern and the Precautionary [4] James, J. E. (2013). Caffeine: Public Concern and the Precautionary Principle. Journal of Caffeine Research, 3(1), 1-2.

[5] Katzung, B. (2009). Basic and Clinical Pharmacology 11th Edition. USA: The McGraw-Hills Companies, Inc.p

[6] MereZith, S. E., Juliano, L. M., Hughes, J. R., & Griffiths, R. R. (2013). Caffeine Use Disorder: A Comprehensive Review and Research Agenda. Journal of Caffeine Research, 3(3), 114-130.

[7] Quisumbing, E. (1978). Medicinal Plants of the Philippines. Manila: Bureau of Print.