Slide 1

Calculating the cost of incarceration

Expenditure trends and spending priorities for the Department of Correctional Services

Chandr Gould

6 May 2011ISS Seminar: Pretoria1Keeping it in perspectiveIn 2011/12 SA will spend R16,5 billion keeping 160 000 offenders in prisonIncarceration is expensive and getting the policy right to ensure minimal but effective use of incarceration as a sentencing option and ensuring that DCS delivers the best service at the lowest cost is vitalAnalysing a departments budget can provide valuable insights into whether the department/institution is budgeting in order to be able to achieve the objectives that it has set itself, or that have been set for it. However, there are limitations to this, because the budget does not tell you how well the money is spent in other words whether performance is optimised.2Civil society interventionRequest by Chair of CS Portfolio Committee for more detailed analysis and inputProcess funded by the OSF and involved ISS, NICRO and CSPRI and utilised skills of economist with experience in working with treasury

OverviewOffer an analysis of the DCS budgetIdentify the drivers of cost in the DCSThe White Paper requires that the DCS rehabilitate prisoners. We will show the cost of rehabilitation programmes were they to be rolled out nationally and be based on international best-practiceDemonstrate that within the current budget and facilities provision of rehabilitation programmes as envisaged by the current policy is not possibleThis means there is a need for us to re-think the way in which we use incarceration.Basic facts about spending on Corrections2010/11 DCS budget was R15,2bn 37% higher than 2007/8DCS budget will rise by a further 23% between current year and 2013/2014This is a 69% growth since 2007/8But this growth must be contextualisedBasic facts about spending on Corrections

Contextualising the growth in the DCS budgetIf the DCS budget had grown at the same rate as the police budget it would be some R1,1bn higher than it is now, or R700 million larger if one removed the cost of the 4 proposed new PPPsDCS budget as a share of national budget is projected to fall from 2,1% in 2007/8 to 1,8% of national budget in 2013/14. Not a bad thing, but just worth noting Two conclusions that can be drawn from this: either South Africa is managing the cost of incarceration well and appropriately spending more money on other priorities. Or, that in the absence of policies that improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the Departments spending the fact that the DCS budget has grown more slowly than other budgets means it will be under more budgetary pressure than other departments7Interpreting the budgetFunctional breakdown of the budget by programmes:Administration: core administrative and financial supportSecurity: pays for the guarding of prisonersCorrections: pays for the staff needed to develop sentence plansCare: provides for the physical and psychological care of offenders, including purchasing food for themDevelopment: provides for training, recreation and other services for prisonersSocial Reintegration: manages the release of prisoners and the monitoring of parolees; andFacilities, which provides for the physical infrastructure needed by DCS

Programme allocations34% of the budget each year is spent on Security 26% is spent on Administration 12% is spent on Facilities 11% is spent on Care 9% is spent on Corrections, and 3% each on Development and Social Reintegration

Interpreting the budgetAnother, perhaps more useful way to breakdown the budget is by economic classification:about 66% = personnel costs28% = goods and services (incl leases, property payments, medicines, food and outsourced services)7% on physical infrastructure (but this varies - between 5% and 11% between 2007/8 and 2013/14)

What drives costs in DCS?Three factors driving costs in DCS:Prisoner numbersRange and quality of services DCS provides to prisoners (including accommodation, nutrition, medical treatment, safety and security and so on)Changes in characteristics of prisoners may change the costs e.g. ATDs require more administrative handling, more escorts to and from courtsCost of services provided (fundamentally this relates to personnel costs)What drives prisoner numbers?Four variables:Crime rate Quality of policing and prosecution servicesLaws and court practices regarding granting of bailSentencing regimeWhile parliament and other role players can have an influence over these, the influence of DCS over these variables is limitedSo, while the number of prisoners is a key variable in determining whether its budget is adequate or not, this something that DCS has much control over

Prisoner numbersRapid growth in prisoner numbers between 1995 and 2003Since 2003 prisoner numbers have remained stableSince 2006 the daily average prisoner population (including ATDs) has varied between 159 000 and 165 000Cost drivers: prisoner numbers

Why are prisoner numbers stable?Perhaps surprising if one considers the high rate of crime, and violent crime in particularAlso massive growth in police numbers - by 66 000 since 2003So, either fewer criminals making their way through the justice system OR they are receiving shorter sentencesLatter, not true (see the following graph)

Black line shows the average sentence length which has risen from 4.4 to 7.3 years since 1995This is a consequence of minimum sentencing legislationSo, DCS fortunate that the rest of the criminal justice sector is not functioning optimally15 year review by the Presidency found that the number of convictions in SA courts fell from 96 000 in 2006 to 75 000 on 2008 (see the following graph).

Same research found that the conviction rate for serious crimes committed between 2001 and 2006 varied between 20% of all murders reported to police and 2% of car thefts

SAPS ARREST TRENDS 2003 - 2010Total arrests increased by 24%. Arrests for priority crimes increased by 9%

Implication for DCSThe number of newly admitted prisoners has fallen by over 44% since 2004, so:Number of prisoners has stabilisedTurnover of prisoners has reducedPrisoners tend to stay in prison for much longerWere the CJS functioning optimally, DCS would be in serious crisis

What drives costs in DCS?Personnel costs are another driver of costs in DCSPersonnel costs determined by: Number of staff Remuneration of staffPersonnel costsDCS, like other government departments has little control over agreements reached in Public Services Bargaining ChamberRapid increases in average remuneration of civil servants in the past few years7-day week should have resulted in savings but there is no certainty that it is effective, practical or results in actual savingsHow do we know the DCS budget is under pressure?Vacant posts frozen after 2007 wage agreement resulting in 2% decline in staff numbers (from 41 000 in 2007/8 to 40 260 in September 2010)Reduction in spending on a range of non-essential issues (e.g. fleet services, use of outside IT consultants, advertising etc)This is not unreasonable DCS should have done this anyway but WHY is the budget under pressure?Not an increase in prisoner numbersMay be that there are insufficient funds to foot the increased salary bill, but the key question is whether DCS has improved or increased the range of services provided to prisoners?Has DCS increased the quality or quantity of services to prisoners?

DCS committed to delivering services in terms of the White PaperHas been an increase in sentence plans from 9836 in 2007/8 to 95 000 projected for 2013/14 (but 40 000 completed in 2010)No substantial increase in literacy training projected (annual 4 500)No significant increase in skills development programmes (6 800 a year)Has DCS increased the quality or quantity of services to prisoners?Also, no significant changes in staff complement so broad commitments not been reflected in staffing allocations (see the next graph)

The same point can be made by looking at projected growth between different programmes. Those that grow the slowest are Development, Corrections and Social Reintegration

Services?2011 DCS budget shows that Security will grow faster than Development, Corrections, Social Reintegration and Care Also, consider that only prisoners with sentences of over 24 months qualify for sentence plans which represents a reduction of services since 2008 (amendment of the Correctional Services Act).Impact of this decision 70% of those released from prison annually have not had sentence plans or access to services (programmes or counselling)

Consequence of this is that DCS acts as a revolving door for prisoners coming in, spending short periods of time in prison and then leaving - at a high administrative costSo, we are not actually seeing an increase or improvement in services thus the biggest driver of cost, since prisoner numbers have remained the stable is the cost of staff remuneration This has driven DCS to the point where it cannot realistically plan and deliver high-quality rehabilitation interventionsIncreases in prisoner numbers if the CJS becomes more effective will deepen the problemImplementing the White PaperSo, lets try to establish what implementing the White Paper will costBased on international literature, effective rehabilitation programmes have several key features in commonFeatures of effective programmesCommunity-based rather than prison-basedIntensive (at least 6 months long)Focus on high risk individualsRisk levels determined by sophisticated instrumentsCognitive behavioural techniques usedMatching of therapist and substance of programme to specific offendersOffenders would be offers vocational training and job-enhancing opportunitiesWould include intensive, mandatory after after care componentInclude stringent M&EFactors influencing costThe number of prisoners who qualify to receive such interventionsThe number of months over which the typical intervention will take placeThe ratio of recipients of these interventions to the number of professionals providing the services (which, for ease of expression, we will call class size)The proportion of the day that each class will take up for the professional concerned, with the proviso that anything more than 40% a day will make it impossible for an individual professional to be involved in more than one class at a time; andThe qualifications (and, therefore, cost) of the typical professional involved in the delivery of these services

CalculationPossible to calculate:How many classes annuallyNumber of professionals involvedCost of professionalsNumber of prisoners receiving interventions:60 000 (based on interventions only to those sentenced to more than 24 months)Intervention classes will last 6 monthsClass size average at 10Professionals can only give one class a day

Estimated cost of rehabilitation

Other costs (not calculated)Increased administrative capacity required (add 25%)Development of risk assessment and predictive toolsInfrastructure costsAdditional resources

These could double the costs presented in the previous tableImplications of the costingIf DCS were to deliver services to 60 000 prisoners, the least possible cost would be R1bn, i.e. a R1bn increase to the existing budget which doesnt sound unreasonableBut, are such programmes effective and practical AND is this the right policy approach?Current challenges relate to housing all prisoners humanely and ensuring safety and security in prisonsAdditional questionsWill or can these really reduce the amount of crime committed by prisoners after their release? How certain can we be of that this will occur and that the reason for the decline will be the programmes the DCS offers rather than simply the amount of time prisoners spend in prison and the fact theyve aged in the process? Is it even possible to rehabilitate prisoners living in inhumane conditions?Is it possible to find sufficient dedicated and qualified professionals to provide the interventions that DCS and the White Paper envisage?These are not easy questions to answer, so it is not clear that DCS ought really to prioritise a large-scale rehabilitative intervention.

Key issuesThis highlights two issues:Policy shifts are required in order to improve the return on investment to society that results from incarceration of those who are convicted of crimeThe policy shifts that are required involve all departments in the criminal justice system and require dramatic re-assessment of the focus of the DCSRequire a radical re-thinking of the role of incarceration in societyRecommendationsPolicy revision, to include:Is there value in passing custodial sentences of 24 months or less, given that this category of prisoner spends a relatively short time in prison, receives no services during that time, but probably costs the department a great deal in terms of administration and makes up 70% of all releases annually.Whether minimum sentencing legislation is appropriate and can achieve the objective of deterring crime.Whether the DCS should be offering rehabilitation services, or whether it should prioritise raising the level of accommodation, security, nutrition and care to levels consistent with humane detention.Whether to focus whatever rehabilitative resources are available on younger offenders, particularly those who are first-time offenders and those with substance abuse problems.Whether open prisons could serve the purpose of reducing overcrowding and easing re-entry into society at a lower cost than rehabilitation programmes can.Establishing a system of post-release support for prisoners re-entering society and a community-based programme for those serving non-custodial sentences.

45

: www.issafrica.org: +27 12 346 9500: cgould@issafrica.org

45tredn1100100100101.6541267742115.286855447113.4108954604103.0576666308123.0612893159119.4101257471101.8933233774136.9532992897134.4085115199106.1931670769148.8817814966140.1990218342107.7966702314160.0823259125148.5039617354109.4242196053169.2781373481154.6989669735

PrisonersBudgetDaily cost per prisonerTrends in the DCS budget(2007/8 to 2013/14)2007/8=100

incr10.94485443910.8918292910.86395607450.82601113180.81683221360.6927813735

Increase in various budgets(2007/8 to 2013/14)

Sheet1PriosnersBudget2007/82008/92009/102010/112011/122012/132013/14Prisoners158029160643162861161021167816170350172922Budget11122379128226411368734315232465165591961780496318827756Cost/prisoner70381.885603275479820.726704556184043.098102062594599.244818998898674.7151642275104519.888464925108880.049964724Daily cost per prisoner192.8270838446218.6869224782230.2550632933259.1760132027270.3416853814286.355858808298.30150675272007/82008/92009/102010/112011/122012/132013/14Prisoners100101.6541267742103.0576666308101.8933233774106.1931670769107.7966702314109.4242196053Budget100115.286855447123.0612893159136.9532992897148.8817814966160.0823259125169.2781373481Daily cost per prisoner100113.4108954604119.4101257471134.4085115199140.1990218342148.5039617354154.69896697350.2360281806Budgets2007/82010/112013/142/13/23/1National541443.4809923.31053028.650%30%94%Provinces171053.7265139.4323604.455%22%89%Justice719410742.313409.349%25%86%Police36525.953529.766696.747%25%83%Social Development67191.494841122075.541%29%82%DCS11122.37915232.46518827.75637%24%69%Budgets2007/82010/112013/14National100.0%100.0%100.0%Provinces31.6%32.7%30.7%Justice1.3%1.3%1.3%Police6.7%6.6%6.3%Social Development12.4%11.7%11.6%DCS2.1%1.9%1.8%

Sheet2

Sheet3

tredn1100100100101.6541267742115.286855447113.4108954604103.0576666308123.0612893159119.4101257471101.8933233774136.9532992897134.4085115199106.1931670769148.8817814966140.1990218342107.7966702314160.0823259125148.5039617354109.4242196053169.2781373481154.6989669735

PrisonersBudgetDaily cost per prisonerTrends in the DCS budget(2007/8 to 2013/14)2007/8=100

incr10.94485443910.8918292910.86395607450.82601113180.81683221360.6927813735

Increase in various budgets(2007/8 to 2013/14)

DCS bud 12857713373227790932712638203659343708121622496331546645520201022456134986545336642659017028783517059482840712528121548739436685469858163378340569155179488145744017569565590105425781680078444957255979471537252185393555925757693919842944840166597562316141651987506587378605738219438751291256356647169498620888736171336360252304967

AdministrationSecurityCorrectionsCareDevelopmentSocial reintegrationFacilitiesDCS budget(2007/8 to 2013/14)

DCS bud 22857713373227790932712638203659343708121622496331546645520201022456134986545336642659017028783517059482840712528121548739436685469858163378340569155179488145744017569565590105425781680078444957255979471537252185393555925757693919842944840166597562316141651987506587378605738219438751291256356647169498620888736171336360252304967

AdministrationSecurityCorrectionsCareDevelopmentSocial reintegrationFacilitiesDCS budget(2007/8 to 2013/14)

Sheet1PriosnersBudget2007/82008/92009/102010/112011/122012/132013/14Prisoners158029160643162861161021167816170350172922Budget11122379128226411368734315232465165591961780496318827756Cost/prisoner70381.885603275479820.726704556184043.098102062594599.244818998898674.7151642275104519.888464925108880.049964724Daily cost per prisoner192.8270838446218.6869224782230.2550632933259.1760132027270.3416853814286.355858808298.30150675272007/82008/92009/102010/112011/122012/132013/14Prisoners100101.6541267742103.0576666308101.8933233774106.1931670769107.7966702314109.4242196053Budget100115.286855447123.0612893159136.9532992897148.8817814966160.0823259125169.2781373481Daily cost per prisoner100113.4108954604119.4101257471134.4085115199140.1990218342148.5039617354154.69896697350.2360281806Budgets2007/82010/112013/142/13/23/1National541443.4809923.31053028.650%30%94%Provinces171053.7265139.4323604.455%22%89%Justice719410742.313409.349%25%86%Police36525.953529.766696.747%25%83%Social Development67191.494841122075.541%29%82%DCS11122.37915232.46518827.75637%24%69%Budgets2007/82010/112013/14National100.0%100.0%100.0%Provinces31.6%32.7%30.7%Justice1.3%1.3%1.3%Police6.7%6.6%6.3%Social Development12.4%11.7%11.6%DCS2.05%1.88%1.79%2007/82008/92009/102010/112011/122012/132013/14Administration2857713331546635170594056915444957248401665129125Security3732277455202048284075179488559794759756236356647Corrections909327102245612528121457440153725216141651694986Care1263820134986515487391756956185393519875062088873Development365934453366436685559010559257587378617133Social reintegration370812426590469858542578576939605738636025Facilities1622496170287816337831680078198429421943872304967Total11122379128226411368734315232465165591961780496318827756

Sheet2

Sheet3

tredn1100100100101.6541267742115.286855447113.4108954604103.0576666308123.0612893159119.4101257471101.8933233774136.9532992897134.4085115199106.1931670769148.8817814966140.1990218342107.7966702314160.0823259125148.5039617354109.4242196053169.2781373481154.6989669735

PrisonersBudgetDaily cost per prisonerTrends in the DCS budget(2007/8 to 2013/14)2007/8=100

incr10.94485443910.8918292910.86395607450.82601113180.81683221360.6927813735

Increase in various budgets(2007/8 to 2013/14)

DCS bud 12857713373227790932712638203659343708121622496331546645520201022456134986545336642659017028783517059482840712528121548739436685469858163378340569155179488145744017569565590105425781680078444957255979471537252185393555925757693919842944840166597562316141651987506587378605738219438751291256356647169498620888736171336360252304967

AdministrationSecurityCorrectionsCareDevelopmentSocial reintegrationFacilitiesDCS budget(2007/8 to 2013/14)

DCS bud 22857713373227790932712638203659343708121622496331546645520201022456134986545336642659017028783517059482840712528121548739436685469858163378340569155179488145744017569565590105425781680078444957255979471537252185393555925757693919842944840166597562316141651987506587378605738219438751291256356647169498620888736171336360252304967

AdministrationSecurityCorrectionsCareDevelopmentSocial reintegrationFacilitiesDCS budget(2007/8 to 2013/14)

ec clas16799221310700611805393561380778403545165115855741079906554935730289903525841410247540417785777709429974109648684377201118581531312115228274964739128449432903121917015295672130576734616

Compensation of employeesGoods and servicesPayments for capital assetsOtherDCS budget by economic classification(2007/8 to 2013/14)

ec clas 26799221310700611805393561380778403545165115855741079906554935730289903525841410247540417785777709429974109648684377201118581531312115228274964739128449432903121917015295672130576734616

Compensation of employeesGoods and servicesPayments for capital assetsOtherDCS budget by economic classification(2007/8 to 2013/14)

Sheet1PriosnersBudget2007/82008/92009/102010/112011/122012/132013/14Prisoners158029160643162861161021167816170350172922Budget11122379128226411368734315232465165591961780496318827756Cost/prisoner70381.885603275479820.726704556184043.098102062594599.244818998898674.7151642275104519.888464925108880.049964724Daily cost per prisoner192.8270838446218.6869224782230.2550632933259.1760132027270.3416853814286.355858808298.30150675272007/82008/92009/102010/112011/122012/132013/14Prisoners100101.6541267742103.0576666308101.8933233774106.1931670769107.7966702314109.4242196053Budget100115.286855447123.0612893159136.9532992897148.8817814966160.0823259125169.2781373481Daily cost per prisoner100113.4108954604119.4101257471134.4085115199140.1990218342148.5039617354154.69896697350.2360281806Budgets2007/82010/112013/142/13/23/1National541443.4809923.31053028.650%30%94%Provinces171053.7265139.4323604.455%22%89%Justice719410742.313409.349%25%86%Police36525.953529.766696.747%25%83%Social Development67191.494841122075.541%29%82%DCS11122.37915232.46518827.75637%24%69%1117.4321320242.729781,414.97Budgets2007/82010/112013/14National100.0%100.0%100.0%Provinces31.6%32.7%30.7%Justice1.3%1.3%1.3%Police6.7%6.6%6.3%Social Development12.4%11.7%11.6%DCS2.05%1.88%1.79%2007/82008/92009/102010/112011/122012/132013/14Administration2857713331546635170594056915444957248401665129125Security3732277455202048284075179488559794759756236356647Corrections909327102245612528121457440153725216141651694986Care1263820134986515487391756956185393519875062088873Development365934453366436685559010559257587378617133Social reintegration370812426590469858542578576939605738636025Facilities1622496170287816337831680078198429421943872304967Total111223791282264113687343152324651655919617804963188277562007/82008/92009/102010/112011/122012/132013/14AverageAdministration26%26%26%27%27%27%27%26%Security34%35%35%34%34%34%34%34%Corrections8%8%9%10%9%9%9%9%Care11%11%11%12%11%11%11%11%Development3%4%3%4%3%3%3%3%Social reintegration3%3%3%4%3%3%3%3%Facilities15%13%12%11%12%12%12%12%Total100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%2007/82008/92009/102010/112011/122012/132013/14Compensation of employees67992218077840906554910247540109648681152282712191701Goods and services3107006354516535730284177857437720149647395295672Payments for capital assets11805391158557990352777094118581512844941305767Other35613410795841429974313123290334616Total111223791282264113687343152324651655919617804963188277562007/82008/92009/102010/112011/122012/132013/14Compensation of employees61.1%63.0%66.2%67.3%66.2%64.7%64.8%Goods and services27.9%27.6%26.1%27.4%26.4%27.9%28.1%Payments for capital assets10.6%9.0%7.2%5.1%7.2%7.2%6.9%Other0.3%0.3%0.4%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%Total100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%

Sheet2

Sheet3

Original dataOffender Statistics - In Custody : Conditions = (Measures : In Custody)SENTENCE GROUPSAVERAGE FOR PERIODS1995/011995/021995/031995/041995/051995/061995/071995/081995/091995/101995/111995/121996/011996/021996/031996/041996/051996/061996/071996/081996/091996/101996/111996/121997/011997/021997/031997/041997/051997/061997/071997/081997/091997/101997/111997/121998/011998/021998/031998/041998/051998/061998/071998/081998/091998/101998/111998/121999/011999/021999/031999/041999/051999/061999/071999/081999/091999/101999/111999/122000/012000/022000/032000/042000/052000/062000/072000/082000/092000/102000/112000/122001/012001/022001/032001/042001/052001/062001/072001/082001/092001/102001/112001/122002/012002/022002/032002/042002/052002/062002/072002/082002/092002/102002/112002/122003/012003/022003/032003/042003/052003/062003/072003/082003/092003/102003/112003/122004/012004/022004/032004/042004/052004/062004/072004/082004/092004/102004/112004/122005/012005/022005/032005/042005/052005/062005/072005/082005/092005/102005/112005/122006/012006/022006/0337658% IncreaseTotalsUnsentenced242652377823795235482234421527222822234524062244852564827320283642970829589291632901528453295283072932008312113084233424343033537734755366963554536230366693833039331392553903241435431034391744584457694372843140441384650648575500135162354121556965626857210578495547454107536285408153974541265564358231615636262462952639646195059275575385598748678513115233455558576955767656422561515347651559509025106651147517575183655285570665660455500550535434751377507585166752965531165310556459578005785858144585285393952466511775045451297511275080155232558775475053876538805173449373483064979849483477784845251267523135108051538496774745046273449264486444693446154389946327477374719746356484614.54094399862105Unsentenced0 - 6 Months5831621560394876484848865019527651315143520347085326572058865922598160236058599160746100629956156244679766416697674068536441648367086799680560046317654565155963573457051673350344605174559051175438601763716384627659986047597158305811588052905717628366256076657966416587651661015666565347835544622262986163600559425805621163196374626152675785646363356676680465196634656864506629662359496269690972766889672367396776654262496206617454125693604263985923593459835907598257725710578352195674610960745946606229863809493251585091514841894601485750884468-12.1855345912-6200 - 6 Months>6 - 12 Months6374663766926039502850705139527652485334556154935674583662146308623064956578671567927057718268196941714373297458785678197915814082818381838379987942793378737598737675564166390642664824540056756135666469077163716071537158720270897009688467176598672669616638683769817027728572476605652362726458662067906732666866766696669367806835679363746294646665616441666266816833682369246875682865956592677969346955711471227197716764886604662863356228633764596424648865146528648864076301616056285416546054205294522917862076252631253591391838123871404041883980-4.9665711557-208>6 - 12 Months>12 - 12 - 3 - 5 Years21066209902111720146177761751617509178021776117646177861757517458175181768717815178541799318081183021843518464185671859218566187841894718898191711936719503196981993719982199611988219684197591979719724197861977618475179851792017835176691733517206171741720617051170931697817007168901693716839167471638616162162301622316270163301627816289164191645015464154771522715264155381582315859160841629516340164571666816767167001657616662168081687616935169931704217043172201729217306173781721717123171531718017210172221728117222173651580716066162341616716194164411663316658167571689016927169911706717060171111692416731167401667216385163341508512000114571112011119110051067510615106051064210319-3.03514377-323>3 - 5 Years>5 - 7 Years15068151521517814878139181395613949140811415714081141711411414033139971409014094140031397213966140371402013840139701394813983141351423114147142371428714445144651454014634146921465914552145551463614663147651478614180139771392614026140521395113953140081406714065141821414114176142141419614150142491394713882138861388813950139731381313802137731377113246132271304312950129501305913086130501298213027129751299613019129731285812808128711291112961130081289112825127681278012832128251277012686126571264912620126291266412731128391217012178121761211312050120771214312160121951230712324123431233012343123491225712137121051213311988119731162110037966495489492935590899039899388317851-11.0972709772-980>5 - 7 Years>7 - 10 Years12193123001243212284120091209912169124011251612608128301289613000131691337413450135811369013796139731408714053143571428714525147521485315083152151541215539157611601916144162871632616329165181671316815170171710416761167021685416939169421700416981171831751717464176451780817925180681816218228184491840918418185881864618766189161900219070192441931619385196301954119566196971990920014200772012620249203992051820611207052063420593207262088920996211702125621291213212138721466215382144921305213352132521328214762145321514216862138021397214202130721201212862132621304213512147621449214872150421517214942143621233212402137121004209622076919706191681895518816185991829818211181821806016121-10.7364341085-1939>7 - 10 Years>10 - 15 Years6168615362006116598060305907607561076128616961586219627963136341640265726590659865396602673766506796680168736952705669897103718671887290738974077423758576777751782478917817786679428052813382128230828283868547883890149232943897159924101721031210442107111097911108113531158311784121061236312566128901291913041132881359113828140781435714602149231521015517158481591316061163501661016866171681740317674178871819318479187271880718956191611938019584198242005020259205292063120891211022120821247214172152121745217832223422264224242255322700229572308523139232582338723456236002371123565235262364223729237182374023757238192390123672-0.9581189072-229>10 - 15 Years>15 - 20 Years2660268827122689268827042651275827862778283328352832283229032920294929372941299830103034309631113089317732073225325832753298335133913411342734553439348535303567358936263609363536923721378238063829387939394012406541324159424244044412449245464603468148204905499750865158526653925493561056285661576158815990610562616375648866346751690369837018715572817362748575987701784879738098821982868355848185788672877888778964910791989349946995469575966797429855998710174101781029910399104441053410582105861067810733107941091410972109661100511056111001111811122111881127511287116152.9059980509328>15 - 20 Years>20 Years18851899190618901903194419381996206220972124215321562221231123502378241024192447246625012575259126082655269527332796282828622915298530323086315031663225332633893462356335963670374038303903394139594038412341854285435944364537464746994785486349195008509951535257534454225541560257215804586759146006612261926282640264796543668767926892693069847098720272677332741674687565766877367830785579158011808381568243829183428400848385618610865486918718871688288864899889678979904190739146918891979229921192539298933693419360940594259443948695279554953717085>20 YearsLife Sentence443401390392412413425455453470469475461479493496495507507527527538635551538553563661665679607617623715720719712737754763774799813822827832834843842849860871894915920932955993103910701086114912341265133714011428151815791673175718011812190420322120220522932320241325242611272328022818291029803071315532753303342535253612370737733788388639584011411142114255435244604540467847384772486349455081515253225334542355115598568057215745583159126018611262166248633964536500658166156679676068034.5593635251745Life SentenceDeath Sentence45243945445345946045144845644944344143743843744843844444144244145136546037546046337337537345445245237236836236235435235234233131331231031231030630830930730730530030029929929829428728228127728028027627327126926025825625125023723622522422722622021821421020920020620720419919520820522021421220920320119219018918117717716916616215915413313112311811310710110210310097908578696764473637322816340Psycopath000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001111Corrective Training020001000220000070000000000000000000010011000000010000000000000000011000000000000000000000000000010000000111000000000000001100011211Prevention of Crime454544231111222333221111212222221112111113211000000000000000000000100011000000000000000000000000000000001100000000000000000000000110Hibitual Criminal358636113593357734583404340734113432340634093399337433643381336633573343333233173302329733213313325932563243322232323246321132073213319731923194317031543156314331113080290928722843280927752761274227542758275227512725272627122684266726672642262426102592259525732543253625282508242024052387237623842372236623482331232522942287226222302196216321612142211020752060203420081987196119641941191118941884187118521843182618151717171516981680167216551651163616281611159515761558155015351524149914741459143514221401128312311206117611601144Other Mental Instability12128111212121313171717272023216222122242525262726262728272729292730343229312779755564444455666656665546767888898322222233452214333333223120112311112101111111111211111122Corporal Punishment110200000000110000000000000011000000000000001001000000010012001010000000100001001000010000000000100000221001113001100000000001110000Security Offender011110100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002000000111100000000000000100000000Reformatory13439961318142118192325332333323238272731333333425252383337514848444843413429252530242819232429353133504142494544324146515366545356474742365157495052535052555958565454575862636863616159585457586334373433343424242628292537354043394147374144413936413735413737Day Parole2092042341982042612292362512291951811792022032091952162041991981991841461801811821871801691581461521461411081311301201169994696771889181928875666971606772645639424551393239433228313219212423262523242017151614211921131419242121162321283132272420273225191410171719232422242427303428212620202219273135434032Ordered by Court as Dangerous1323391199121111131518181619262425242221212125282626252728302929273232312828262423302729273232333032333338414142423738353434343234343636383839394036363838393527282928282829292928272726303433353534362927313230313332343635343332323333343232323132343232333130Periodic821611324794578135610825610596104881827611509101191985495011164969625541199297136251112793436258337750297346963384489860476261591131214511161282483821015127151310662116947843771006131182311101959101076282520Fine0000000141917812511121700003311104001111111711100000000002419182300230174000001963109135093514510023720000000000000000000000000000000000006466771313110711Total Sentences925819383594410901648286583122832638520885501853248616085252858698704888491890618934890144906139160192091923699373692326935479534095880967489814798800992121003041016481025791026481009751004911013181018511011481008851013368830188462898619146892606921579322095433973649826199532100106101613102600103601104430105520104407104860106863108510108307109930111053111948113453113861109496110240108548110074112492114537115267115975116884117595119109120407121625122190120005120635122723123498124339125766126063126862127735128325129377130084128655128894130448131604131652132675133282134040135142129655131044131736130400130729132315133764134023134799136436136500136941137063137093137601135769135143135743135856134658134673119711110736110994111669112557113034111075General Population116846117613118205113712105209104649105545107553109563109809111808112572114233116756118080118224118363118597120141122330124099123580124578125750127850130717130635133444133692135030135881138634140979141834141680142410143594145235146435146917144613144476132439134968138436141481144229146278148916151701154574156110155006154213155241156681157575158556161163162638166423169487171462172271171880170328169486169440162539160807162574164106167769170168170959171418169451168443168497170175171554173382174026175290177701179327178998179392180113177440177620179402181290182493183189185114186694188306189748190180186614185748185217185596180952182171182537185632186606187065187640187903186533185809184806186739186546184871186053187036187456186823187394184335182123165984155662155858156362157172156933157402SENTENCE GROUPSAVERAGE FOR PERIODS1995/021996/021997/021998/021999/022000/022001/022002/022003/022004/022005/022006/022007/02Unsentenced237782970835377439175626862624576765660457858547505108047197484610 - 6 Months6215572067976545601762836222646369096042610948574468>6 - 12 Months6637583671437933666467266620646667796337546040403980>12 - 3 - 5 Years20990175181878419759171741623015538168081715316441167401060510319>5 - 7 Years151521399714135145551400813886129501287112657120771210589937851>7 - 10 Years12300131691475216518171831858819697207262133521286212401818216121>10 - 15 Years615362796801758582821071113288163501916121417232582381923672>15 - 20 Years2688283231773485387946815761715584819667106781127511615>20 Years18992221265532254038500860067098801187189229955417085Life Sentence4014795537378491149190429103886486358316760SENTENCE GROUPSAVERAGE FOR PERIODS1995/021996/021997/021998/021999/022000/022001/022002/022003/022004/022005/022006/022007/02Unsentenced237782970835377439175626862624576765660457858547505108047197484610 - 6 Months6215572067976545601762836222646369096042610948574468>6 - 12 Months6637583671437933666467266620646667796337546040403980>12 - 3 - 5 Years20990175181878419759171741623015538168081715316441167401060510319>5 - 7 Years151521399714135145551400813886129501287112657120771210589937851>7 - 10 Years12300131691475216518171831858819697207262133521286212401818216121>10 - 15 Years615362796801758582821071113288163501916121417232582381923672>15 - 20 Years2688283231773485387946815761715584819667106781127511615>20 Years-Life2300270032083962488761577910100081189713581150601631417085

Chart

sent prof

pop 2

y-o-y

Pops895522377882976297089133135377975184391792188562681038396262410972957676120248566041281475785813042154750134065510801117174719711217748461112325526621157534947711250147899

SentencedUnsentencedPrisoner population(1995 to 2010)

AllSENTENCE GROUPSAVERAGE FOR PERIODS1995/021996/021997/021998/021999/022000/022001/022002/022003/022004/022005/022006/022007/022008/032009/032010/12Unsentenced237782970835377439175626862624576765660457858547505108047197484615266249477478990 - 6 Months621557206797654560176283622264636909604261094857446848213712>6 - 12 Months663758367143793366646726662064666779633754604040398039253841>12 - 3 - 5 Years209901751818784197591717416230155381680817153164411674010605103191127112085>5 - 7 Years15152139971413514555140081388612950128711265712077121058993785177168079>7 - 10 Years123001316914752165181718318588196972072621335212862124018182161211469514770>10 - 15 Years6153627968017585828210711132881635019161214172325823819236722273120256>15 - 20 Years26882832317734853879468157617155848196671067811275116151204912252>20 Years-Life2300270032083962488761577910100081189713581150601631417085180752098811333011268412670814143514845616646316740517685218600518517118514515891416063816498716040089552829769133197518921881038391097291202481281471304211340651117171121771123251157531125010.7447275630.69004058280.75952198790.81097398710.76664892560.86354034990.912522453611.06568924221.08460015971.1149041980.92905495310.93288038050.0547546174Year on year increase-657683556187-533011651589010519789922743644-2234846032404.36472174080-101995/021996/021997/021998/021999/022000/022001/022002/022003/022004/022005/022006/022007/022008/032010/120-1 years6215572067976545601762836222646369096042610948574468482137121-3 years10693954911431124011036412985127981286413166127041117076638129806076403-7 years3405128730310303246727568305483110333811345413364734445206142323624178248047-15 years27452271662888731073311913247432647335973399233363333452717523972224112284915+ years8841911199781107012161153921904923505276423108433936350943528734780325080.10132719020.1134959390.11322810160.11832485360.13929966440.15757253130.18708688950.21321661830.23778064520.26603902770.28516448890.36785006760.37108274090.36901856760.35522821891.086900194311.09775026161.1654292691.08751058851.2168269471.26836165231.37326224531.44812895511.45547859881.48244805421.1884373911.18456325681.174074443201.13997957051995/021996/021997/021998/021999/022000/022001/022002/022003/022004/022005/022006/022007/02200/110 - 6 Months1553.7514301699.251636.251504.251570.751555.51615.751727.251510.51527.251214.2511171205.25928>6 - 12 Months4977.7543775357.255949.7549985044.549654849.55084.254752.754095303029852943.752880.75>12 - 3 - 5 Years839607007275136790366869664920621526723268612657646696042420412764508432316>5 - 7 Years909128398284810873308404883316777007722675942724627263053958471064629688620>7 - 10 Years104550111936.5125392140403146055.5157998167424.5176171181347.5180931180540154547137028.5124907.5172176>10 - 15 Years76912.578487.585012.594812.5103525133887.5166100204375239512.5267712.5290725297737.5295900284137.5153150>15 - 20 Years470404956055597.560987.567882.581917.5100817.5125212.5148417.5169172.5186865197312.5203262.5210857.5262350>20 Years-Life4600054000641607924097740123140158200200160237940271620301200326280341700361500419760Average sentence length4.36462101834.32576497114.21608343594.15644642424.08191147554.18698299324.70173531265.13958705585.43874358225.86749950056.25115315026.96575663576.90304286666.76054173977.2823675187Sentence lengthNumber< 6 months4821> 6-12 months3925> 12-24 months41352-3 years129073-5 years112715-7 years77167-10 years1469510-15 years2273215-20 years12049> 20 years9983Life8092Death2Other Sentenced850(Psycopath, Corrective Training, Prevention of crime, Hibitual criminal, Other mental instability, Corporal punishment, Security offender, Reformatory, Day parole, Ordered by court as dangerous, Periodic, Fine)Total Sentenced113178

6 - 12 Months6637583671437933666467266620646667796337546040403980>12 - 3 - 5 Years20990175181878419759171741623015538168081715316441167401060510319>5 - 7 Years151521399714135145551400813886129501287112657120771210589937851

7-15 years1995/021996/021997/021998/021999/022000/022001/022002/022003/022004/022005/022006/022007/02>7 - 10 Years12300131691475216518171831858819697207262133521286212401818216121>10 - 15 Years615362796801758582821071113288163501916121417232582381923672

>15 years1995/021996/021997/021998/021999/022000/022001/022002/022003/022004/022005/022006/022007/02>15 - 20 Years2688283231773485387946815761715584819667106781127511615>20 Years-Life2300270032083962488761577910100081189713581150601631417085

04o7Sentence lengthNumber38178Sentence lengthNumber< 6 months449744975108> 6-12 months393284294197< 6 months5108> 12-24 months41181254740812-3 years130002554713181> 6-12 months41973-5 years1057936126113455-7 years7705438317703> 12-24 months40817-10 years15779596101506210-15 years2346583075230772-3 years1318115-20 years116269470111943> 20 years969710439898263-5 years11345Life74521118507793Death545-7 years7703Other Sentenced10167-10 years15062(Psycopath, Corrective Training, Prevention of crime, Hibitual criminal, Other mental instability, Corporal punishment, Security offender, Reformatory, Day parole, Ordered by court as dangerous, Periodic, Fine)10-15 years23077Total Sentenced11287115-20 years1194349716> 20 years9826162587Life7793Death4Other Sentenced906(Psycopath, Corrective Training, Prevention of crime, Hibitual criminal, Other mental instability, Corporal punishment, Security offender, Reformatory, Day parole, Ordered by court as dangerous, Periodic, Fine)Total Sentenced114226

Original dataOffender Statistics - In Custody : Conditions = (Measures : In Custody)SENTENCE GROUPSAVERAGE FOR PERIODS1995/011995/021995/031995/041995/051995/061995/071995/081995/091995/101995/111995/121996/011996/021996/031996/041996/051996/061996/071996/081996/091996/101996/111996/121997/011997/021997/031997/041997/051997/061997/071997/081997/091997/101997/111997/121998/011998/021998/031998/041998/051998/061998/071998/081998/091998/101998/111998/121999/011999/021999/031999/041999/051999/061999/071999/081999/091999/101999/111999/122000/012000/022000/032000/042000/052000/062000/072000/082000/092000/102000/112000/122001/012001/022001/032001/042001/052001/062001/072001/082001/092001/102001/112001/122002/012002/022002/032002/042002/052002/062002/072002/082002/092002/102002/112002/122003/012003/022003/032003/042003/052003/062003/072003/082003/092003/102003/112003/122004/012004/022004/032004/042004/052004/062004/072004/082004/092004/102004/112004/122005/012005/022005/032005/042005/052005/062005/072005/082005/092005/102005/112005/122006/012006/022006/036-Feb% IncreaseTotalsUnsentenced242652377823795235482234421527222822234524062244852564827320283642970829589291632901528453295283072932008312113084233424343033537734755366963554536230366693833039331392553903241435431034391744584457694372843140441384650648575500135162354121556965626857210578495547454107536285408153974541265564358231615636262462952639646195059275575385598748678513115233455558576955767656422561515347651559509025106651147517575183655285570665660455500550535434751377507585166752965531165310556459578005785858144585285393952466511775045451297511275080155232558775475053876538805173449373483064979849483477784845251267523135108051538496774745046273449264486444693446154389946327477374719746356484614.52105Unsentenced0 - 6 Months5831621560394876484848865019527651315143520347085326572058865922598160236058599160746100629956156244679766416697674068536441648367086799680560046317654565155963573457051673350344605174559051175438601763716384627659986047597158305811588052905717628366256076657966416587651661015666565347835544622262986163600559425805621163196374626152675785646363356676680465196634656864506629662359496269690972766889672367396776654262496206617454125693604263985923593459835907598257725710578352195674610960745946606229863809493251585091514841894601485750884468-12.2-6200 - 6 Months>6 - 12 Months6374663766926039502850705139527652485334556154935674583662146308623064956578671567927057718268196941714373297458785678197915814082818381838379987942793378737598737675564166390642664824540056756135666469077163716071537158720270897009688467176598672669616638683769817027728572476605652362726458662067906732666866766696669367806835679363746294646665616441666266816833682369246875682865956592677969346955711471227197716764886604662863356228633764596424648865146528648864076301616056285416546054205294522917862076252631253591391838123871404041883980-5.0-208>6 - 12 Months>12 - 12 - 3 - 5 Years21066209902111720146177761751617509178021776117646177861757517458175181768717815178541799318081183021843518464185671859218566187841894718898191711936719503196981993719982199611988219684197591979719724197861977618475179851792017835176691733517206171741720617051170931697817007168901693716839167471638616162162301622316270163301627816289164191645015464154771522715264155381582315859160841629516340164571666816767167001657616662168081687616935169931704217043172201729217306173781721717123171531718017210172221728117222173651580716066162341616716194164411663316658167571689016927169911706717060171111692416731167401667216385163341508512000114571112011119110051067510615106051064210319-3.0-323>3 - 5 Years>5 - 7 Years15068151521517814878139181395613949140811415714081141711411414033139971409014094140031397213966140371402013840139701394813983141351423114147142371428714445144651454014634146921465914552145551463614663147651478614180139771392614026140521395113953140081406714065141821414114176142141419614150142491394713882138861388813950139731381313802137731377113246132271304312950129501305913086130501298213027129751299613019129731285812808128711291112961130081289112825127681278012832128251277012686126571264912620126291266412731128391217012178121761211312050120771214312160121951230712324123431233012343123491225712137121051213311988119731162110037966495489492935590899039899388317851-11.1-980>5 - 7 Years>7 - 10 Years12193123001243212284120091209912169124011251612608128301289613000131691337413450135811369013796139731408714053143571428714525147521485315083152151541215539157611601916144162871632616329165181671316815170171710416761167021685416939169421700416981171831751717464176451780817925180681816218228184491840918418185881864618766189161900219070192441931619385196301954119566196971990920014200772012620249203992051820611207052063420593207262088920996211702125621291213212138721466215382144921305213352132521328214762145321514216862138021397214202130721201212862132621304213512147621449214872150421517214942143621233212402137121004209622076919706191681895518816185991829818211181821806016121-10.7-1939>7 - 10 Years>10 - 15 Years6168615362006116598060305907607561076128616961586219627963136341640265726590659865396602673766506796680168736952705669897103718671887290738974077423758576777751782478917817786679428052813382128230828283868547883890149232943897159924101721031210442107111097911108113531158311784121061236312566128901291913041132881359113828140781435714602149231521015517158481591316061163501661016866171681740317674178871819318479187271880718956191611938019584198242005020259205292063120891211022120821247214172152121745217832223422264224242255322700229572308523139232582338723456236002371123565235262364223729237182374023757238192390123672-1.0-229>10 - 15 Years>15 - 20 Years2660268827122689268827042651275827862778283328352832283229032920294929372941299830103034309631113089317732073225325832753298335133913411342734553439348535303567358936263609363536923721378238063829387939394012406541324159424244044412449245464603468148204905499750865158526653925493561056285661576158815990610562616375648866346751690369837018715572817362748575987701784879738098821982868355848185788672877888778964910791989349946995469575966797429855998710174101781029910399104441053410582105861067810733107941091410972109661100511056111001111811122111881127511287116152.9328>15 - 20 Years>20 Years18851899190618901903194419381996206220972124215321562221231123502378241024192447246625012575259126082655269527332796282828622915298530323086315031663225332633893462356335963670374038303903394139594038412341854285435944364537464746994785486349195008509951535257534454225541560257215804586759146006612261926282640264796543668767926892693069847098720272677332741674687565766877367830785579158011808381568243829183428400848385618610865486918718871688288864899889678979904190739146918891979229921192539298933693419360940594259443948695279554953717085>20 YearsLife Sentence443401390392412413425455453470469475461479493496495507507527527538635551538553563661665679607617623715720719712737754763774799813822827832834843842849860871894915920932955993103910701086114912341265133714011428151815791673175718011812190420322120220522932320241325242611272328022818291029803071315532753303342535253612370737733788388639584011411142114255435244604540467847384772486349455081515253225334542355115598568057215745583159126018611262166248633964536500658166156679676068034.6745Life SentenceDeath Sentence45243945445345946045144845644944344143743843744843844444144244145136546037546046337337537345445245237236836236235435235234233131331231031231030630830930730730530030029929929829428728228127728028027627327126926025825625125023723622522422722622021821421020920020620720419919520820522021421220920320119219018918117717716916616215915413313112311811310710110210310097908578696764473637322816340Psycopath000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001111Corrective Training020001000220000070000000000000000000010011000000010000000000000000011000000000000000000000000000010000000111000000000000001100011211Prevention of Crime454544231111222333221111212222221112111113211000000000000000000000100011000000000000000000000000000000001100000000000000000000000110Hibitual Criminal358636113593357734583404340734113432340634093399337433643381336633573343333233173302329733213313325932563243322232323246321132073213319731923194317031543156314331113080290928722843280927752761274227542758275227512725272627122684266726672642262426102592259525732543253625282508242024052387237623842372236623482331232522942287226222302196216321612142211020752060203420081987196119641941191118941884187118521843182618151717171516981680167216551651163616281611159515761558155015351524149914741459143514221401128312311206117611601144Other Mental Instability12128111212121313171717272023216222122242525262726262728272729292730343229312779755564444455666656665546767888898322222233452214333333223120112311112101111111111211111122Corporal Punishment110200000000110000000000000011000000000000001001000000010012001010000000100001001000010000000000100000221001113001100000000001110000Security Offender011110100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002000000111100000000000000100000000Reformatory13439961318142118192325332333323238272731333333425252383337514848444843413429252530242819232429353133504142494544324146515366545356474742365157495052535052555958565454575862636863616159585457586334373433343424242628292537354043394147374144413936413735413737Day Parole2092042341982042612292362512291951811792022032091952162041991981991841461801811821871801691581461521461411081311301201169994696771889181928875666971606772645639424551393239433228313219212423262523242017151614211921131419242121162321283132272420273225191410171719232422242427303428212620202219273135434032Ordered by Court as Dangerous1323391199121111131518181619262425242221212125282626252728302929273232312828262423302729273232333032333338414142423738353434343234343636383839394036363838393527282928282829292928272726303433353534362927313230313332343635343332323333343232323132343232333130Periodic821611324794578135610825610596104881827611509101191985495011164969625541199297136251112793436258337750297346963384489860476261591131214511161282483821015127151310662116947843771006131182311101959101076282520Fine0000000141917812511121700003311104001111111711100000000002419182300230174000001963109135093514510023720000000000000000000000000000000000006466771313110711Total Sentences925819383594410901648286583122832638520885501853248616085252858698704888491890618934890144906139160192091923699373692326935479534095880967489814798800992121003041016481025791026481009751004911013181018511011481008851013368830188462898619146892606921579322095433973649826199532100106101613102600103601104430105520104407104860106863108510108307109930111053111948113453113861109496110240108548110074112492114537115267115975116884117595119109120407121625122190120005120635122723123498124339125766126063126862127735128325129377130084128655128894130448131604131652132675133282134040135142129655131044131736130400130729132315133764134023134799136436136500136941137063137093137601135769135143135743135856134658134673119711110736110994111669112557113034111075General Population116846117613118205113712105209104649105545107553109563109809111808112572114233116756118080118224118363118597120141122330124099123580124578125750127850130717130635133444133692135030135881138634140979141834141680142410143594145235146435146917144613144476132439134968138436141481144229146278148916151701154574156110155006154213155241156681157575158556161163162638166423169487171462172271171880170328169486169440162539160807162574164106167769170168170959171418169451168443168497170175171554173382174026175290177701179327178998179392180113177440177620179402181290182493183189185114186694188306189748190180186614185748185217185596180952182171182537185632186606187065187640187903186533185809184806186739186546184871186053187036187456186823187394184335182123165984155662155858156362157172156933157402SENTENCE GROUPSAVERAGE FOR PERIODS1995/021996/021997/021998/021999/022000/022001/022002/022003/022004/022005/022006/022007/02Unsentenced237782970835377439175626862624576765660457858547505108047197484610 - 6 Months6215572067976545601762836222646369096042610948574468>6 - 12 Months6637583671437933666467266620646667796337546040403980>12 - 3 - 5 Years20990175181878419759171741623015538168081715316441167401060510319>5 - 7 Years151521399714135145551400813886129501287112657120771210589937851>7 - 10 Years12300131691475216518171831858819697207262133521286212401818216121>10 - 15 Years615362796801758582821071113288163501916121417232582381923672>15 - 20 Years2688283231773485387946815761715584819667106781127511615>20 Years18992221265532254038500860067098801187189229955417085Life Sentence4014795537378491149190429103886486358316760SENTENCE GROUPSAVERAGE FOR PERIODS1995/021996/021997/021998/021999/022000/022001/022002/022003/022004/022005/022006/022007/02Unsentenced237782970835377439175626862624576765660457858547505108047197484610 - 6 Months6215572067976545601762836222646369096042610948574468>6 - 12 Months6637583671437933666467266620646667796337546040403980>12 - 3 - 5 Years20990175181878419759171741623015538168081715316441167401060510319>5 - 7 Years151521399714135145551400813886129501287112657120771210589937851>7 - 10 Years12300131691475216518171831858819697207262133521286212401818216121>10 - 15 Years615362796801758582821071113288163501916121417232582381923672>15 - 20 Years2688283231773485387946815761715584819667106781127511615>20 Years-Life2300270032083962488761577910100081189713581150601631417085

Chart895522377882976297089133135377975184391792188562681038396262410972957676120248566041281475785813042154750134065510801117174719711217748461

Convicted prisonersAwaiting trial prisonersThe prisoner population in South Africa(Feb 1995 to Feb 2007)

sent prof621510693340512745288414.364621018357209549287302716691114.3257649711679711431310302888799784.21608343596545124013246731073110704.15644642426017103642756831191121614.08191147556283129853054832474153924.18698299326222127983110332647190494.70173531266463128643381133597235055.13958705586909131663454133992276425.43874358226042127043364733363310845.86749950056109111703444533345339366.2511531502485776632061427175350946.9657566357446881292323623972352876.9030428666482180602417822411347806.7605417397371276402480422849325087.2823675187

0-1 years1-3 years3-7 years7-15 years15+ yearsAverage senmtence length (right axis)PercentageYearsProfile of sentence lengths(Feb 1995 to Dec 2010)

pop 28955223778829762970891331353779751843917921885626810383962624109729576761202485660412814757858130421547501340655108011171747197112177484611123255266211250147899

SentencedUnsentencedPrisoner population(Feb 1995 to Dec 2010)

y-o-y-657683556187-533011651589010519789922743644-223484602008/03324

Year-on-year change in sentenced prisoner numbers(Feb 1996 to Nov 2007)

AllSENTENCE GROUPSAVERAGE FOR PERIODS1995/021996/021997/021998/021999/022000/022001/022002/022003/022004/022005/022006/022007/022008/032010/12Unsentenced2377829708353774391756268626245767656604578585475051080471974846152662478990 - 6 Months621557206797654560176283622264636909604261094857446848213712>6 - 12 Months663758367143793366646726662064666779633754604040398039253841>12 - 3 - 5 Years209901751818784197591717416230155381680817153164411674010605103191127112085>5 - 7 Years15152139971413514555140081388612950128711265712077121058993785177168079>7 - 10 Years123001316914752165181718318588196972072621335212862124018182161211469514770>10 - 15 Years6153627968017585828210711132881635019161214172325823819236722273120256>15 - 20 Years26882832317734853879468157617155848196671067811275116151204912252>20 Years-Life23002700320839624887615779101000811897135811506016314170851807520988113330112684126708141435148456166463167405176852186005185171185145158914160638164987160400895528297691331975189218810383910972912024812814713042113406511171711217711232511250174%69%76%81%77%86%91%100%107%108%111%93%93%5%Year on year increase-657683556187-533011651589010519789922743644-2234846032404.364721740801.840.8401995/021996/021997/021998/021999/022000/022001/022002/022003/022004/022005/022006/022007/022008/032010/120-1 years6215572067976545601762836222646369096042610948574468482137121-3 years10693954911431124011036412985127981286413166127041117076638129806076403-7 years3405128730310303246727568305483110333811345413364734445206142323624178248047-15 years27452271662888731073311913247432647335973399233363333452717523972224112284915+ years8841911199781107012161153921904923505276423108433936350943528734780325080.10132719020.1134959390.11322810160.11832485360.13929966440.15757253130.18708688950.21321661830.23778064520.26603902770.28516448890.36785006760.37108274090.36901856760.35522821891995/021996/021997/021998/021999/022000/022001/022002/022003/022004/022005/022006/022007/02200/110 - 6 Months1553.7514301699.251636.251504.251570.751555.51615.751727.251510.51527.251214.2511171205.25928>6 - 12 Months4977.7543775357.255949.7549985044.549654849.55084.254752.754095303029852943.752880.75>12 - 3 - 5 Years839607007275136790366869664920621526723268612657646696042420412764508432316>5 - 7 Years909128398284810873308404883316777007722675942724627263053958471064629688620>7 - 10 Years104550111936.5125392140403146055.5157998167424.5176171181347.5180931180540154547137028.5124907.5172176>10 - 15 Years76912.578487.585012.594812.5103525133887.5166100204375239512.5267712.5290725297737.5295900284137.5153150>15 - 20 Years470404956055597.560987.567882.581917.5100817.5125212.5148417.5169172.5186865197312.5203262.5210857.5262350>20 Years-Life4600054000641607924097740123140158200200160237940271620301200326280341700361500419760Average sentence length4.36462101834.32576497114.21608343594.15644642424.08191147554.18698299324.70173531265.13958705585.43874358225.86749950056.25115315026.96575663576.90304286666.76054173977.2823675187Sentence lengthNumber< 6 months4821> 6-12 months3925> 12-24 months41352-3 years129073-5 years112715-7 years77167-10 years1469510-15 years2273215-20 years12049> 20 years9983Life8092Death2Other Sentenced850(Psycopath, Corrective Training, Prevention of crime, Hibitual criminal, Other mental instability, Corporal punishment, Security offender, Reformatory, Day parole, Ordered by court as dangerous, Periodic, Fine)Total Sentenced113178

6 - 12 Months6637583671437933666467266620646667796337546040403980>12 -