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Calculus Pipeline Project Curtis Casados July 10, 2014 Professor David Kuralt Project Scope: The U.S. Interior Secretary recently approved drilling of natural gas wells near Vernal, Utah. Your company has begun drilling and established a highproducing well on BLM ground. They now need to build a pipeline to get the natural gas to their refinery. While running the line directly to the refinery will be the least amount of pipe and shortest distance, it would require running the line across private ground and paying a rightofway fee. There is a mountain directly east of the well that must be drilled through in order to run the pipeline due east. Your company can build the pipeline around the private ground by going 5 mile directly west and then 15 miles south and finally 40 miles east to the refinery (see figure below). Cost for materials, labor and fees to run the pipeline across BLM ground is $500,000 per mile. Cost of drilling through the existing mountain would be a onetime cost of $2,000,000 on top of the normal costs of the pipeline itself. Also the BLM will require an environmental impact study before allowing you to drill through the mountain. Cost for the study is estimated to be $320,000 and will delay the project by 4 months costing the company another $120,000 per month. For any pipeline run across private ground, your company incurs an additional $350,000 per mile cost for rightofway fees. Your company has asked you to do the following:

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Page 1: Calculus Pipeline Project Curtis Casados July 10, …curtiscasadoseportfolio.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/3/...Calculus Pipeline Project Curtis Casados July 10, 2014 Professor David Kuralt

Calculus Pipeline Project 

Curtis Casados 

July 10, 2014 

Professor David Kuralt 

Project Scope:  

The U.S. Interior Secretary recently approved drilling of natural gas wells near Vernal, Utah. Your company has begun drilling and established a high­producing well on BLM ground. They now need to build a pipeline to get the natural gas to their refinery. 

 While running the line directly to the refinery will be the least amount of pipe and shortest distance, it would require running the line across private ground and paying a right­of­way fee. There is a mountain directly east of the well that must be drilled through in order to run the pipeline due east. Your company can build the pipeline around the private ground by going 5 mile directly west and then 15 miles south and finally 40 miles east to the refinery (see figure below). Cost for materials, labor and fees to run the pipeline across BLM ground is $500,000 per mile. 

 Cost of drilling through the existing mountain would be a one­time cost of $2,000,000 on top of the normal costs of the pipeline itself. Also the BLM will require an environmental impact study before allowing you to drill through the mountain. Cost for the study is estimated to be $320,000 and will delay the project by 4 months costing the company another $120,000 per month. 

 For any pipeline run across private ground, your company incurs an additional $350,000 per mile cost for right­of­way fees. 

 Your company has asked you to do the following: 

  

                

   

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A. Determine the cost of running the pipeline strictly on BLM ground with two different cases:  

a. One running west, south and then east to the refinery  

  

otal Distance  5 miles west  15 miles south  40 miles east  60 milesT =   +   +   =     otal Cost 0 miles ($500, 00 per/mile)  $30, 00, 00.00T = 6 0 =   0 0  

   

b. One heading east through the mountain and then south to the refinery   

 otal Distance  35 miles east  15 miles south  T =   +    ost per mile  $500, 00.00  C =   0  rilling  $2, 00, 00.00  D =   0 0  nvironmental Impact  $320, 00.00  E =   0  elay Cost  $480, 00.00  D =   0  

 otal Cost  50 miles ($500, 00.00) 2, 00, 00.00  $320, 00.00  $480, 00.00 27, 00, 00.00  T =   0 + $ 0 0 +   0 +   0 = $ 8 0  

 

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B. Determine the cost of running the pipeline:  

a. The shortest distance from the well to refinery across the private ground  

   

iagonal Private Land Distance    38.07886553 miles  D =  √(15) 35)2 + ( 2 =    rivate Land Cost  $850, 00.00 per mile  P =   0  

 otal Cost  38.07886553 miles ($850, 00.00)  $32, 67, 35.70  T =   0 =   3 0  

                      

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b. The shortest path across the private ground (directly south), then                                      straight to the refinery (directly east).   

    

rivate Land Distance  15 miles south  P =    LM Distance  5 miles east B = 3  rivate Land Cost  $850, 00.00 per mile  P =   0  LM Cost  $500, 00.00 per mileB =   0  

 otal Cost  15 miles ($850, 00.00)  35 miles ($500, 00.00)  $30, 50, 00.00  T =   0 +   0 =   2 0  

                    

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C. Determine the optimal place to run the pipeline to minimize cost. Clearly show all work including drawing the pipeline on the figure below. Make it very clear how you use your knowledge of calculus to determine the optimal placement of the pipeline 

 

  

ptimal Private Land Distance  milesO =  √15  2 + x2  LM Distance  35 miles  miles)B = ( − x  rivate Land Cost  $850, 00 per mile  P =   0   LM Cost  $500, 00.00 per mileB =   0  

 ost Function c(x) 50, 00 00, 00(35 )C = 8 0 √152 + x2 + 5 0 − x  

  

a. Take First Derivative   

(x) /dx[850, 00(15 ) ] /dx[5, 0, 00(35 )]  c′ = d 0 2+ x2 1/2 + d 0 0 − x   

/dx(850, 00)(15 ) /dx(15 )(850, 00) /dx(500, 00)(35 ) /dx(35 )(500, 00)  = d 0 2+ x2 1/2+ d 2+ x2 0 + d 0 − x + d − x 0   

/2(15 ) /dx(15 )(850, 00) − )(500, 00)  = 1 2+ x2 −1/2× d 2+ x2 0 +0+ ( 1 0   

/2(15 ) x(850, 00) 00, 00  = 1 2+ x2 −1/2×2 0 −5 0   

(850, 00) 00, 00= 2x2(15 +x )2 2 0 −5 0  

      

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b. Find Critical Numbers  

   00, 00x =

√15 +x2 2

850,000x  − 5 0 = 0  

   00, 00x = 5 0 =

√15 +x2 2

850,000x  

   00, 00 50, 00xx = 5 0 √152 + x2 = 8 0   

 x = 850,000500,000√15 +x2 2

= x  

 

     x = (1017) 1710√15 +x2 2

= x (1017)   

   x = (√152 + x2)2 = x(1017 )2  

   5  x = 1 2 + x2 = x2 (100289)     25  x = 2 + x2 = x2 (100289)     25  x = 2 = x2 (100289) − x2     25  x = 2 = x2 (100289) − 1   

   x =√ 225289/100−1 = x  

 ±x = 2150√21  

 0.91 Critical Numberx = 1  

  otal Cost  c(10.91)  850, 00 00, 00(35 0.91)  $27, 10, 95.33  T =   =   0 (√225 0.91+ 1 2) + 5 0 − 1 =   8 7   

         

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D. Graph  

                       

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E. Reflection Pipeline Project Reflection 

    In this reflection I will describe what the final project assignment was and then I will explain 

how I used calculus to find a solution that I did not previously know existed or even could exist. After that I 

will explain how calculus has already impacted my life and how I can see it being something very useful in 

the future especially towards my career path. 

  So the pipeline project was the final project for the 1020 calculus course that is required and the 

question that it wanted solved was, what was the cheapest way to lay a pipe for an oil company but the 

catch was there were 3 obvious ways but as I mentioned before with the use of calculus there was 

another way to lay the pipe. I don’t think I would have been able to figure out that there was another way 

by just using trigonometry or at least not as efficiently. It ended up being the second scenario was the 

cheapest route but it was still very interesting to learn that there was another route that was opened up 

with the use of calculus. 

  I have learned many things so far in this class, I found limits to be very interesting not only because 

they are the foundation for a lot of calculus one concepts but also because they can give you a numerical 

approximation that is so close that it is eventually considered the limit. I was also very interested in 

L’Hospital’s theorem. I think the reason I was so intrigued by L’Hospital was because I have been told all 

of my life basically that you cannot divide by 0 or 0/0 doesn’t exist but L’Hospital proved that a limit does 

exist if you just take the derivative of the top and the derivative of the bottom of the equation separately.   

Now I will explain how calculus has already impacted my life and how I can see it being such a useful tool 

in the future. I was talking with an old friend (who has taken calculus as well) about physics honors and we 

both just started chuckling when we started to think about acceleration, velocity, and distance questions 

from physics honors because now we see that we can just take the integral of them and come up with an 

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answer in about half of the time as it used to take. So I can see calculus having many useful applications 

in the near future especially if I am to continue to pursue a degree in mechanical engineer.