calhoun - dirty hands

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363 The Independent Review, v. VIII, n. 3, Winter 2004, ISSN 1086-1653, Copyright © 2004, pp. 363–385. Laurie Calhoun is an independent writer living in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The Problem of  “Dirty Hands” and Corrupt Leadership —————— —————— L  AURIE C  ALHOUN “Be sure, gentlemen of the jury, that if I had long ago attempted to take part in politics, I should have died long ago, and benefited neither you nor myself. Do not be angry with me for speaking the truth; no man will sur vive who genuinely opposes you or any other crowd and prevents the occurrence of many unjust and illegal happenings in the city. A man who really fights for justice must lead a private, not a public, life if he is to survive for even a short time.” —Socrates, in Plato’s  Apology, 31d–32a “You should therefore know that there are two ways to fight: one while abiding by the rules, the other by using force. The first approach is unique to Man; the second is that of beasts. But because in many cases the first method will not suffice, one must be prepared to resort to force. This is why a ruler needs to know how to conduct himself in the manner of a beast as well as that of a man.” —Niccolò Machiavelli, Il Principe e altre opere politiche S ucc essful pol iti ca l lea der s ha ve oft en bee n of que sti ona ble mor al chara ct er . A per - si st ent image in the poli ti ca l sphe re is that of the acti ve and powe rfu l ma n wi ll ing to do whatever is strategically import ant in attaining his desired ends even thou gh doin g so ma y we ig h he av il y on hi s co ns ci ence . Is ex cell ence in go ve rnme nt al leader shi p someho w inc omp atible wit h moral ex cellen ce ? Doe s doi ng what one oug ht

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