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2013 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE 103

CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLECHAPTER 4 – SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS ON USE AND OCCUPANCY

(Matrix Adoption Tables are non-regulatory, intended only as an aid to the user. See Chapter 1 for state agency authority and building applications.)

(continued)

Adopting agency BSC SFMHCD DSA OSHPD

BSCC DPH AGR DWR CEC CA SL SLC1 2 1/AC AC SS SS/CC 1 2 3 4

Adopt entire chapter X X X X X X

Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below) X X X

Adopt only those sections that are listed below X X X

Chapter / Section

403 X

403.1 X

403.1.1 X

403.2 X

403.2.1 X

403.2.1.1 X

403.3 X

403.3.1 X

403.3.2 X

403.3.2.1 X

403.3.4 X

403.4.4 X

403.4.6 X

403.4.6.1 X

403.4.7 X

403.4.7.1 X

403.4.8.1 X

403.5.3 X

403.5.4 X

403.6 X

403.7 X

404.2 X

404.6 X

404.10 X

406.3.5 X X

406.4.1 X X X X

406.6.2 X

406.9 X

406.9.1 X

406.9.2 X

406.9.3 X

406.9.4 X

407.1 X

407.2 X

407.2.1 X

407.2.2 X

407.3 X

407.3.1 X

407.3.1.1 X

407.3.2 X

407.4.1.2 X

407.4.3.2 X

407.5 X

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104 2013 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE

CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE – MATRIX ADOPTION TABLECHAPTER 4 – SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS ON USE AND OCCUPANCY—continued

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Chapter / Section

407.5.2 X

407.6 X

407.6.1 X

407.8 X

407.9 X

407.11 X

407.11.1 X

407.11.2 X

407.11.3 X

407.11.4 X

408.1.1 X

408.1.2 X

408.1.2.1 X

408.1.2.2 X

408.1.2.3 X

408.1.2.4 X

408.1.2.5 X

408.1.2.6 X

408.1.2.7 X

408.2 X

408.2.1 X

408.3.1.1 X

408.3.6 X

408.3.6.1 X

408.3.6.2 X

408.3.6.4 X

408.3.6.5 X

408.3.8 X

408.3.8.1 X

408.3.8.2 X

408.3.9 X

408.3.10 X

408.3.11 X

408.4 X

408.4.3 X

408.5.1 X

408.6 X

408.6.1 X

408.8 X

408.8.1 X

408.9 X

408.9.1 X

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Chapter / Section

408.12 X

408.13 X

408.14 X

408.15 X

408.15.1 X

408.15.2 X

408.15.3 X

408.15.3.1 X

408.15.3.2 X

408.15.4 X

408.15.5 X

409.3 X

412.3.5 X

412.6.6 X

414.1.1 X

414.1.2 X

414.1.2.1 X

414.2 X

414.3 X

414.5 X

Table 414.5.1 X

414.5.5 X

415.1 X

415.5 X

415.5.1 X

Table 415.5.2 X

415.8 X

415.8.1 X

415.8.1.4 X

415.8.2 X

415.8.2.3 X

415.8.2.4 X

415.8.2.6 X

415.8.2.7 X

415.8.2.8 X

415.8.3 X

415.8.4 X

415.9 X

415.10 X

415.10.1.7 X

415.10.4 X

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Chapter / Section

415.10.7.2 X

415.10.9.3 X

415.10.10.1 X

415.10.11 X

415.11 X

415.11.1 X

415.11.1.1 X

415.11.1.2 X

415.11.1.3 X

415.11.1.4 X

415.11.1.5 X

415.12 X

415.12.1 X

415.12.2 X

415.12.3 X

416.1 X

416.3 X

416.4 X

419.7 X X

419.9 X X X X

420.1 X

420.6 X X X X

420.6.1 X X X X

420.6.1.1 X X X X

420.6.1.2 X X X X

420.6.1.3 X X X X

420.6.1.4 X X X X

420.6.1.5 X X X X

420.6.1.6 X X X X

420.6.2 X X X X

420.6.2.1 X X X X

420.6.2.2 X X X X

420.6.2.3 X X X X

420.6.2.3.1 X X X X

420.6.2.3.2 X X X X

420.6.2.4 X X X X

420.6.2.5 X X X X

420.6.2.6 X X X X

420.7 X X X X

420.8 X X X

420.8.1 X X X X

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Adopting Agency BSC SFMHCD DSA OSHPD





Chapter / Section

420.9 X

420.10 X

421.1 X

421.5 X

421.7 X

425 X

426 X

430 X

431 X

432 X

433 X

434 X

436 X

439 X X

440 X X

442 X

443 X

445 X

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CHAPTER 4

SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS BASED ON USE AND OCCUPANCY

SECTION 401SCOPE

401.1 Detailed use and occupancy requirements. In addi-tion to the occupancy and construction requirements in thiscode, the provisions of this chapter apply to the special usesand occupancies described herein.

SECTION 402COVERED MALL AND OPEN MALL BUILDINGS

Section 402 has been completely reorganized from the 2009code; therefore, the * and ** margin indicators have not beenincluded for clarity.

402.1 Applicability. The provisions of this section shallapply to buildings or structures defined herein as covered oropen mall buildings not exceeding three floor levels at anypoint nor more than three stories above grade plane. Exceptas specifically required by this section, covered and openmall buildings shall meet applicable provisions of this code.

Exceptions:

1. Foyers and lobbies of Groups B, R-1 and R-2 are notrequired to comply with this section.

2. Buildings need not comply with the provisions ofthis section where they totally comply with otherapplicable provisions of this code.

402.1.1 Open space. A covered mall building andattached anchor buildings and parking garages shall besurrounded on all sides by a permanent open space or notless than 60 feet (18 288 mm). An open mall building andanchor buildings and parking garages adjoining the perim-eter line shall be surrounded on all sides by a permanentopen space of not less than 60 feet (18 288 mm).

Exception: The permanent open space of 60 feet (18288 mm) shall be permitted to be reduced to not lessthan 40 feet (12 192 mm), provided the followingrequirements are met:

1. The reduced open space shall not be allowed formore than 75 percent of the perimeter of the cov-ered or open mall building and anchor buildings;

2. The exterior wall facing the reduced open spaceshall have a fire-resistance rating of not less than3 hours;

3. Openings in the exterior wall facing the reducedopen space shall have opening protectives with afire protection rating of not less than 3 hours; and

4. Group E, H, I or R occupancies are not locatedwithin the covered or open mall building oranchor buildings.

402.1.2 Open mall building perimeter line. For the pur-pose of this code, a perimeter line shall be established. The perimeter line shall encircle all buildings and struc-tures which comprise the open mall building and shallencompass any open-air interior walkways, open-aircourtyards or similar open-air spaces. The perimeter lineshall define the extent of the open mall building. Anchorbuildings and parking structures shall be outside of theperimeter line and are not considered as part of the openmall building.

402.2 Definitions. The following terms are defined in Chap-ter 2:

ANCHOR BUILDING.

COVERED MALL BUILDING.

Mall.

Open mall.

Open mall building.

FOOD COURT.

GROSS LEASABLE AREA.

402.3 Lease plan. Each owner of a covered mall building orof an open mall building shall provide both the building andfire departments with a lease plan showing the location ofeach occupancy and its exits after the certificate of occupancyhas been issued. No modifications or changes in occupancyor use shall be made from that shown on the lease plan with-out prior approval of the building official.

402.4 Construction. The construction of covered and openmall buildings, anchor buildings and parking garages associ-ated with a mall building shall comply with Sections 402.4.1through 402.4.3.

402.4.1 Area and types of construction. The buildingarea of any covered mall or open building, includinganchor buildings, of Types I, II, III and IV constructionshall not be limited provided the anchor buildings do notexceed three stories above grade plane.

The construction type of open parking garages andenclosed parking garages shall comply with Sections406.5 and 406.6, respectively.

Exception: The type of construction allowable build-ing height and building area of anchor buildings greaterthan three stories above grade plane shall comply withSection 503, as modified by Sections 504 and 506.

402.4.2 Fire-resistance-rated separation. Fire-resis-tance-rated separation is not required between tenantspaces and the mall. Fire-resistance-rated separation is notrequired between a food court and adjacent tenant spacesor the mall.




402.4.2.1 Tenant separations. Each tenant space shallbe separated from other tenant spaces by a fire partitioncomplying with Section 708. A tenant separation wallis not required between any tenant space and the mall.

402.4.2.2 Anchor building separation. An anchorbuilding shall be separated from the covered or openmall building by fire walls complying with Section706.

Exceptions:

1. Anchor buildings of not more than three sto-ries above grade plane that have an occupancyclassification the same as that permitted fortenants of the mall building shall be separatedby 2-hour fire-resistance-rated fire barrierscomplying with Section 707.

2. The exterior walls of anchor buildings sepa-rated from an open mall building by an openmall shall comply with Table 602.

402.4.2.2.1 Openings between anchor buildingand mall. Except for the separation between GroupR-1 sleeping units and the mall, openings betweenanchor buildings of Type IA, IB, IIA or IIB con-struction and the mall need not be protected.

402.4.2.3 Parking garages. An attached garage for thestorage of passenger vehicles having a capacity of notmore than nine persons and open parking garages shallbe considered as a separate building where it is sepa-rated from the covered or open mall building or anchorbuilding by not less than 2-hour fire barriers con-structed in accordance with Section 707 or horizontalassemblies constructed in accordance with Section 711,or both.

Parking garages, open or enclosed, which are sepa-rated from covered mall buildings, open mall buildingsor anchor buildings shall comply with the provisions ofTable 602.

Pedestrian walkways and tunnels which connectgarages to mall buildings or anchor buildings shall beconstructed in accordance with Section 3104.

402.4.3 Open mall construction. Floor assemblies in, androof assemblies over, the open mall of an open mall build-ing shall be open to the atmosphere for not less than 20feet (9096 mm), measured perpendicular from the face ofthe tenant spaces on the lowest level, from edge of balconyto edge of balcony on upper floors and from edge of roofline to edge of roof line. The openings within, or theunroofed area of, an open mall shall extend from the low-est/grade level of the open mall through the entire roofassembly. Balconies on upper levels of the mall shall notproject into the required width of the opening.

402.4.3.1 Pedestrian walkways. Pedestrian walkwaysconnecting balconies in an open mall shall be locatednot less than 20 feet (9096 mm) from any other pedes-trian walkway.

[F] 402.5 Automatic sprinkler system. Covered and openmall buildings and buildings connected shall be protected

throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordancewith Section 903.3.1.1, which shall comply with the all of thefollowing:

1. The automatic sprinkler system shall be complete andoperative throughout occupied space in the mall build-ing prior to occupancy of any of the tenant spaces.Unoccupied tenant spaces shall be similarly protectedunless provided with approved alternative protection.

2. Sprinkler protection for the mall of a covered mallbuilding shall be independent from that provided fortenant spaces or anchor buildings.

3. Sprinkler protection for the tenant spaces of an openmall building shall be independent from that providedfor anchor buildings.

4. Sprinkler protection shall be provided beneath exteriorcirculation balconies located adjacent to an open mall.

5. Where tenant spaces are supplied by the same system,they shall be independently controlled.

Exception: An automatic sprinkler system shall not berequired in spaces or areas of open parking garages sep-arated from the covered or open mall building in accor-dance with Section 402.4.2.3 and constructed inaccordance with Section 406.5.

402.6 Interior finishes and features. Interior finishes withinthe mall and installations within the mall shall comply withSections 402.6.1 through 402.6.4.

402.6.1 Interior finish. Interior wall and ceiling finisheswithin the mall of a covered mall building and within theexits of covered or open mall buildings shall have a mini-mum flame spread index and smoke-developed index ofClass B in accordance with Chapter 8. Interior floor fin-ishes shall meet the requirements of Section 804.

402.6.2 Kiosks. Kiosks and similar structures (temporaryor permanent) located within the mall of a covered mallbuilding or within the perimeter line of an open mallbuilding shall meet the following requirements:

1. Combustible kiosks or other structures shall not belocated within a covered or open mall unless con-structed of any of the following materials:

1.1. Fire-retardant-treated wood complying withSection 2303.2.

1.2. Foam plastics having a maximum heatrelease rate not greater than 100 kW (105Btu/h) when tested in accordance with theexhibit booth protocol in UL 1975 or whentested in accordance with NFPA 289 usingthe 20 kW ignition source.

1.3. Aluminum composite material (ACM) meet-ing the requirements of Class A interior fin-ish in accordance with Chapter 8 when testedas an assembly in the maximum thicknessintended.

2. Kiosks or similar structures located within the mallshall be provided with approved automatic sprinklersystem and detection devices.




3. The horizontal separation between kiosks or group-ings thereof and other structures within the mallshall be not less than 20 feet (6096 mm).

4. Each kiosk or similar structure or groupings thereofshall have an area not greater than 300 square feet(28 m2).

402.6.3 Children’s play structures. Children’s playstructures located within the mall of a covered mall build-ing or within the perimeter line of an open mall buildingshall comply with Section 424. The horizontal separationbetween children’s play structures, kiosks and similarstructures within the mall shall be not less than 20 feet(6096 mm).

402.6.4 Plastic signs. Plastic signs affixed to the store-front of any tenant space facing a mall or open mall shallbe limited as specified in Sections 402.6.4.1 through402.6.4.5.

402.6.4.1 Area. Plastic signs shall be not more than 20percent of the wall area facing the mall.

402.6.4.2 Height and width. Plastic signs shall be notgreater than 36 inches (914 mm) in height, except thatif the sign is vertical, the height shall be not greaterthan 96 inches (2438 mm) and the width shall be notgreater than 36 inches (914 mm).

402.6.4.3 Location. Plastic signs shall be located notless than 18 inches (457 mm) from adjacent tenants.

402.6.4.4 Plastics other than foam plastics. Plasticsother than foam plastics used in signs shall be light-transmitting plastics complying with Section 2606.4 orshall have a self-ignition temperature of 650°F (343°C)or greater when tested in accordance with ASTM D1929, and a flame spread index not greater than 75 andsmoke-developed index not greater than 450 whentested in the manner intended for use in accordancewith ASTM E 84 or UL 723 or meet the acceptance cri-teria of Section 803.1.2.1 when tested in accordancewith NFPA 286.

402.6.4.4.1 Encasement. Edges and backs of plasticsigns in the mall shall be fully encased in metal.

402.6.4.5 Foam plastics. Foam plastics used in signsshall have flame-retardant characteristics such that thesign has a maximum heat-release rate of 150 kilowattswhen tested in accordance with UL 1975 or whentested in accordance with NFPA 289 using the 20 kWignition source, and the foam plastics shall have thephysical characteristics specified in this section. Foamplastics used in signs installed in accordance with Sec-tion 402.6.4 shall not be required to comply with theflame spread and smoke-developed indices specified inSection 2603.3.

402.6.4.5.1 Density. The density of foam plasticsused in signs shall be not less than 20 pounds percubic foot (pcf) (320 kg/ m3).

402.6.4.5.2 Thickness. The thickness of foam plas-tic signs shall not be greater than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm).

[F] 402.7 Emergency systems. Covered and open mallbuildings, anchor buildings and associated parking garagesshall be provided with emergency systems complying withSections 402.7.1 through 402.7.5.

[F] 402.7.1 Standpipe system. Covered and open mallbuildings shall be equipped throughout with a standpipesystem as required by Section 905.3.3.

[F] 402.7.2 Smoke control. Where a covered mall build-ing contains an atrium, a smoke control system shall beprovided in accordance with Section 404.5.

Exception: A smoke control system is not required incovered mall buildings where an atrium connects onlytwo stories.

[F] 402.7.3 Standby power. Covered mall buildingsgreater than 50,000 square feet (4645 m2) in area and openmall buildings greater than 50,000 square feet (4645 m2)within the established perimeter line shall be providedwith standby power systems that are capable of operatingthe emergency voice/alarm communication system.

[F] 402.7.4 Emergency voice/alarm communicationsystem. Where the total floor area is greater than 50,000square feet (4645 m2) within either a covered mall build-ing or within the perimeter line of an open mall building,an emergency voice/alarm communication system shall beprovided.

Emergency voice/alarm communication systems serv-ing a mall, required or otherwise, shall be accessible to thefire department. The systems shall be provided in accor-dance with Section 907.5.2.2.

[F] 402.7.5 Fire department access to equipment.Rooms or areas containing controls for air-conditioningsystems, automatic fire-extinguishing systems, automaticsprinkler systems or other detection, suppression or con-trol elements shall be identified for use by the fire depart-ment.

402.8 Means of egress. Covered mall buildings, open mallbuildings and each tenant space within a mall building shallbe provided with means of egress as required by this sectionand this code. Where there is a conflict between the require-ments of this code and the requirements of Sections 402.8.1through 402.8.8, the requirements of Sections 402.8.1through 402.8.8 shall apply.

402.8.1 Mall width. For the purpose of providing requiredegress, malls are permitted to be considered as corridorsbut need not comply with the requirements of Section1005.1 of this code where the width of the mall is as spec-ified in this section.

402.8.1.1 Minimum width. The aggregate clear egresswidth of the mall in either a covered or open mall build-ing shall be not less than 20 feet (6096 mm). The mallwidth shall be sufficient to accommodate the occupantload served. No portion of the minimum requiredaggregate egress width shall be less than 10 feet (3048mm) measured to a height of 8 feet (2438 mm) betweenany projection of a tenant space bordering the mall andthe nearest kiosk, vending machine, bench, display

*




opening, food court or other obstruction to means ofegress travel.

402.8.2 Determination of occupant load. The occupantload permitted in any individual tenant space in a coveredor open mall building shall be determined as required bythis code. Means of egress requirements for individual ten-ant spaces shall be based on the occupant load thus deter-mined.

402.8.2.1 Occupant formula. In determining requiredmeans of egress of the mall, the number of occupantsfor whom means of egress are to be provided shall bebased on gross leasable area of the covered or openmall building (excluding anchor buildings) and theoccupant load factor as determined by Equation 4-1.

OLF = (0.00007) (GLA) + 25 (Equation 4-1)

where:

OLF = The occupant load factor (square feet perperson).

GLA = The gross leasable area (square feet).

Exception: Tenant spaces attached to a covered oropen mall building but with a means of egress sys-tem that is totally independent of the open mall of anopen mall building or of a covered mall buildingshall not be considered as gross leasable area fordetermining the required means of egress for themall building.

402.8.2.2 OLF range. The occupant load factor (OLF)is not required to be less than 30 and shall not exceed50.

402.8.2.3 Anchor buildings. The occupant load ofanchor buildings opening into the mall shall not beincluded in computing the total number of occupantsfor the mall.

402.8.2.4 Food courts. The occupant load of a foodcourt shall be determined in accordance with Section1004. For the purposes of determining the means ofegress requirements for the mall, the food court occu-pant load shall be added to the occupant load of thecovered or open mall building as calculated above.

402.8.3 Number of means of egress. Wherever the dis-tance of travel to the mall from any location within a ten-ant space used by persons other than employees is greaterthan 75 feet (22 860 mm) or the tenant space has an occu-pant load of 50 or more, no fewer than two means ofegress shall be provided.

402.8.4 Arrangements of means of egress. Assemblyoccupancies with an occupant load of 500 or more locatedwithin a covered mall building shall be so located suchthat their entrance will be immediately adjacent to a prin-cipal entrance to the mall and shall have not less than one-half of their required means of egress opening directly tothe exterior of the covered mall building. Assembly occu-pancies located within the perimeter line of an open mallbuilding shall be permitted to have their main exit open tothe open mall.

402.8.4.1 Anchor building means of egress. Requiredmeans of egress for anchor buildings shall be providedindependently from the mall means of egress system. The occupant load of anchor buildings opening into themall shall not be included in determining means ofegress requirements for the mall. The path of egresstravel of malls shall not exit through anchor buildings.Malls terminating at an anchor building where no othermeans of egress has been provided shall be consideredas a dead-end mall.

402.8.5 Distance to exits. Within each individual tenantspace in a covered or open mall building, the distance oftravel from any point to an exit or entrance to the mallshall be not greater than 200 feet (60 960 mm).

The distance of travel from any point within a mall of acovered mall building to an exit shall be not greater than200 feet (60 960 mm). The maximum distance of travelfrom any point within an open mall to the perimeter line ofthe open mall building shall be not greater than 200 feet(60 960 mm).

402.8.6 Access to exits. Where more than one exit isrequired, they shall be so arranged that it is possible totravel in either direction from any point in a mall of a cov-ered mall building to separate exits or from any point in anopen mall of an open mall building to two separate loca-tions on the perimeter line, provided neither location is anexterior wall of an anchor building or parking garage. Thewidth of an exit passageway or corridor from a mall shallbe not less than 66 inches (1676 mm).

Exception: Access to exits are permitted by way of adead-end mall which does not exceed a length equal totwice the width of the mall measured at the narrowestlocation within the dead-end portion of the mall.

402.8.6.1 Exit passageways. Where exit passagewaysprovide a secondary means of egress from a tenantspace, doorways to the exit passageway shall be pro-tected by 1-hour fire door assemblies that are self- orautomatic-closing by smoke detection in accordancewith Section 716.5.9.3.

402.8.7 Service areas fronting on exit passageways. Mechanical rooms, electrical rooms, building service areasand service elevators are permitted to open directly intoexit passageways, provided the exit passageway is sepa-rated from such rooms with not less than 1-hour fire barri-ers constructed in accordance with Section 707 orhorizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with Sec-tion 711, or both. The fire protection rating of openings inthe fire barriers shall be not less than 1 hour.

402.8.8 Security grilles and doors. Horizontal sliding orvertical security grilles or doors that are a part of arequired means of egress shall conform to the following:

1. They shall remain in the full open position duringthe period of occupancy by the general public.

2. Doors or grilles shall not be brought to the closedposition when there are 10 or more persons occupy-ing spaces served by a single exit or 50 or more per-sons occupying spaces served by more than one exit.




3. The doors or grilles shall be openable from withinwithout the use of any special knowledge or effortwhere the space is occupied.

4. Where two or more exits are required, not more thanone-half of the exits shall be permitted to includeeither a horizontal sliding or vertical rolling grille ordoor.

SECTION 403HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS AND GROUP I-2

OCCUPANCIES HAVING OCCUPIEDFLOORS LOCATED MORE THAN 75 FEET

ABOVE THE LOWEST LEVEL OF FIRE DEPARTMENT VEHICLE ACCESS

403.1 Applicability. New high-rise buildings and new GroupI-2 occupancies having occupied floors located more than 75feet above the lowest level of fire department vehicle accessshall comply with Sections 403.2 through 403.6.

Exception: The provisions of Sections 403.2 through403.6 shall not apply to the following buildings and struc-tures:

1. Airport traffic control towers in accordance withSection 412.3.

2. Open parking garages in accordance with Section406.5.

3. Buildings with a Group A-5 occupancy in accor-dance with Section 303.6.

4. Special industrial occupancies in accordance withSection 503.1.1.

5. Buildings such as power plants, lookout towers,steeples, grain houses and similar structures withnoncontinuous human occupancy, when so deter-mined by the enforcing agency.

For existing high-rise buildings, see Section 3414 and forexisting Group R occupancies, see Section 3413.13.

For the purpose of this section, in determining the levelfrom which the highest occupied floor is to be measured, theenforcing agency should exercise reasonable judgment,including consideration of overall accessibility to the build-ing by fire department personnel and vehicular equipment.When a building is located on sloping terrain and there isbuilding access on more than one level, the enforcing agencymay select the level that provides the most logical and ade-quate fire department access.

403.1.1 Definitions. The following terms are defined inChapter 2.

HIGH-RISE BUILDING.

HIGH-RISE BUILDING ACCESS.

NEW HIGH-RISE BUILDING.

403.2 Construction. The construction of high-rise buildingsshall comply with the provisions of Sections 403.2.1 through403.2.4.

403.2.1 Reduction in fire-resistance rating. The fire-resistance-rating reductions listed in Sections 403.2.1.1

and 403.2.1.2 shall be allowed in buildings that havesprinkler control valves equipped with supervisory initiat-ing devices and water-flow initiating devices for eachfloor.

Exception: Buildings, or portions of buildings, classi-fied as a Group H-1, H-2 or H-3 occupancy.

403.2.1.1 Type of construction. The following reduc-tions in the minimum fire-resistance rating of the build-ing elements in Table 601 shall be permitted as follows:

1. For buildings not greater than 420 feet (128 000mm) in building height, the fire-resistance ratingof the building elements in Type IA constructionshall be permitted to be reduced to the minimumfire-resistance ratings for the building elements inType IB.

Exception: The required fire-resistance rat-ing of the Structural Frame shall not be per-mitted to be reduced.

2. In other than Group F-1, M and S-1 occupancies,the fire-resistance rating of the building elementsin Type IB construction shall be permitted to bereduced to the fire-resistance ratings in Type IIA.

Exception: The required fire-resistance ratingof the structural frame shall not be permittedto be reduced.

3. The building height and building area limitationsof a building containing building elements withreduced fire-resistance ratings shall be permittedto be the same as the building without suchreductions.

403.2.1.2 Shaft enclosures. For buildings not greaterthan 420 feet (128 000 mm) in building height, therequired fire-resistance rating of the fire barriersenclosing vertical shafts, other than exit enclosures andelevator hoistway enclosures, is permitted to bereduced to 1 hour where automatic sprinklers areinstalled within the shafts at the top and at alternatefloor levels.

403.2.2 Seismic considerations. For seismic consider-ations, see Chapter 16.

403.2.3 Structural integrity of interior exit stairwaysand elevator hoistway enclosures. For high-rise build-ings of Risk Category III or IV in accordance with Section1604.5, and for all buildings that are more than 420 feet(128 000 mm) in building height, enclosures for interiorexit stairways and elevator hoistway enclosures shall com-ply with Sections 403.2.3.1 through 403.2.3.4.

403.2.3.1 Wall assembly. The wall assemblies makingup the enclosures for interior exit stairways and eleva-tor hoistway enclosures shall meet or exceed Soft BodyImpact Classification Level 2 as measured by the testmethod described in ASTM C 1629/C 1629M.

403.2.3.2 Wall assembly materials. The face of thewall assemblies making up the enclosures for interiorexit stairways and elevator hoistway enclosures that arenot exposed to the interior of the enclosures for interior

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exit stairways or elevator hoistway enclosure shall beconstructed in accordance with one of the followingmethods:

1. The wall assembly shall incorporate no fewerthan two layers of impact-resistant constructionboard each of which meets or exceeds Hard BodyImpact Classification Level 2 as measured by thetest method described in ASTM C 1629/C1629M.

2. The wall assembly shall incorporate no fewerthan one layer of impact-resistant constructionmaterial that meets or exceeds Hard Body ImpactClassification Level 3 as measured by the testmethod described in ASTM C 1629/C 1629M.

3. The wall assembly incorporates multiple layersof any material, tested in tandem, that meets orexceeds Hard Body Impact Classification Level 3as measured by the test method described inASTM C 1629/C 1629M.

403.2.3.3 Concrete and masonry walls. Concrete ormasonry walls shall be deemed to satisfy the require-ments of Sections 403.2.3.1 and 403.2.3.2.

403.2.3.4 Other wall assemblies. Any other wallassembly that provides impact resistance equivalent tothat required by Sections 403.2.3.1 and 403.2.3.2 forHard Body Impact Classification Level 3, as measuredby the test method described in ASTM C 1629/C1629M, shall be permitted.

403.2.4 Sprayed fire-resistant materials (SFRM). Thebond strength of the SFRM installed throughout the build-ing shall be in accordance with Table 403.2.4.

TABLE 403.2.4MINIMUM BOND STRENGTH

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound per square foot (psf) = 0.0479 kW/m2.

a. Above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access.

[F] 403.3 Automatic sprinkler system. Buildings and struc-tures shall be equipped throughout with an automatic sprin-kler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 and asecondary water supply where required by Section 903.3.5.2.A sprinkler water-flow alarm-initiating device and a controlvalve with a supervisory signal-initiating device shall be pro-vided at the lateral connection to the riser for each floor.

Exception: An automatic sprinkler system shall not berequired in open parking garages in accordance with Sec-tion 406.5.

[F] 403.3.1 Number of sprinkler system risers and sys-tem design. Each sprinkler system serving a floor inbuildings that are more than 420 feet (128 000 mm) inbuilding height shall be connected to a minimum of twosprinkler risers or combination standpipe system riserslocated in separate shafts. Each sprinkler system shall behydraulically designed so that when one connection is shut

down, the other connection shall be capable of supplyingthe sprinkler system design demand.

[F] 403.3.1.1 Riser location. Sprinkler risers shall beplaced in interior exit stairways and ramps that areremotely located in accordance with Section 1015.2.

[F] 403.3.2 Water supply to required fire pumps.Required fire pumps shall be supplied by connections tono fewer than two water mains located in different streets.Separate supply piping shall be provided between eachconnection to the water main and the pumps. Each connec-tion and the supply piping between the connection and thepumps shall be sized to supply the flow and pressurerequired for the pumps to operate.

Exceptions: 1. Two connections to the same main shall be permit-

ted provided the main is valved such that an inter-ruption can be isolated so that the water supply willcontinue without interruption through no fewer thanone of the connections.

2. High-rise buildings not having an occupied floormore than 120 feet above the lowest level of firedepartment vehicle access where a secondary watersupply is provided in accordance with Section903.3.5.2.

403.3.2.1 Fire pumps: Redundant fire pump systemsshall be required for high-rise buildings having anoccupied floor more than 200 feet above the lowestlevel of fire department vehicle access. Each fire pumpsystem shall be capable of automatically supplying therequired demand for the automatic sprinkler and stand-pipe systems.

[F] 403.3.3 Fire pump room. Fire pumps shall be locatedin rooms protected in accordance with Section 913.2.1.

403.3.4 Fire pumps. See Section 913.6.

[F] 403.4 Emergency systems. The detection, alarm andemergency systems of high-rise buildings shall comply withSections 403.4.1 through 403.4.9.

[F] 403.4.1 Smoke detection. Smoke detection shall beprovided in accordance with Section 907.2.13.1.

[F] 403.4.2 Fire alarm system. A fire alarm system shallbe provided in accordance with Section 907.2.13.

[F] 403.4.3 Standpipe system. A high-rise building shallbe equipped with a standpipe system as required by Sec-tion 905.3.

[F] 403.4.4 Emergency voice/alarm communicationsystem. A.n emergency voice/alarm communication sys-tem shall be provided in accordance with Section907.5.2.2

[F] 403.4.5 Emergency responder radio coverage.Emergency responder radio coverage shall be provided inaccordance with Section 510 of the California Fire Code.

[F] 403.4.6 Fire command. A fire command center com-plying with Section 911 shall be provided in a locationapproved by the fire department.

403.4.7 Smoke removal.

HEIGHT OF BUILDINGa SFRM MINIMUM BOND STRENGTH

Up to 420 feet 430 psf

Greater than 420 feet 1,000 psf

>

>

>




403.4.7.1 Smoke control system. High-rise buildingsshall be provided with a passive or active smoke con-trol system or combination thereof in accordance withSection 909

[F] 403.4.8 Standby power. A standby power systemcomplying with Chapter 27 and Section 3003 shall be pro-vided for standby power loads specified in 403.4.8.2.Where elevators are provided in a high-rise building foraccessible means of egress, fire service access or occupantself-evacuation, the standby power system shall also com-ply with Sections 1007.4, 3007 or 3008, as applicable.

[F] 403.4.8.1 Special requirements for standbypower systems. If the standby system is a generator setinside a building, the system shall be located in a sepa-rate room enclosed with 2-hour fire barriers constructedin accordance with Section 707 or horizontal assem-blies constructed in accordance with Section 711, orboth. System supervision with manual start and transferfeatures shall be provided at the fire command center.

[F] 403.4.8.2 Standby power loads. The following areclassified as standby power loads:

1. Power and lighting for the fire command centerrequired by Section 403.4.6;

2. Ventilation and automatic fire detection equip-ment for smokeproof enclosures; and

3. Elevators.

[F] 403.4.9 Emergency power systems. An emergencypower system complying with Chapter 27 shall be pro-vided for emergency power loads specified in Section403.4.9.1.

[F] 403.4.9.1 Emergency power loads. The followingare classified as emergency power loads:

1. Exit signs and means of egress illuminationrequired by Chapter 10;

2. Elevator car lighting;

3. Emergency voice/alarm communications sys-tems;

4. Automatic fire detection systems;

5. Fire alarm systems; and

6. Electrically powered fire pumps.

403.5 Means of egress and evacuation. The means of egressin high-rise buildings shall comply with Sections 403.5.1through 403.5.6.

403.5.1 Remoteness of interior exit stairways. Requiredinterior exit stairways shall be separated by a distance notless than 30 feet (9144 mm) or not less than one-fourth ofthe length of the maximum overall diagonal dimension ofthe building or area to be served, whichever is less. Thedistance shall be measured in a straight line between thenearest points of the interior exit stairways. In buildingswith three or more interior exit stairways, no fewer thantwo of the interior exit stairways shall comply with thissection. Interlocking or scissor stairs shall be counted asone interior exit stairway.

403.5.2 Additional exit stairway. For buildings otherthan Group R-2 that are more than 420 feet (128 000 mm)in building height, one additional exit stairway meetingthe requirements of Sections 1009 and 1022 shall be pro-vided in addition to the minimum number of exits requiredby Section 1021.1. The total width of any combination ofremaining exit stairways with one exit stairway removedshall be not less than the total width required by Section1005.1. Scissor stairs shall not be considered the addi-tional exit stairway required by this section.

Exception: An additional exit stairway shall not berequired to be installed in buildings having elevatorsused for occupant self-evacuation in accordance withSection 3008.

403.5.3 Stairway door operation. Stairway doors otherthan the exit discharge doors shall be permitted to belocked from the stairway side. Stairway doors that arelocked from the stairway side shall be capable of beingunlocked simultaneously without unlatching upon a signalfrom the fire command center. Upon failure of electricalpower to the locking mechanism the door shall unlock.

403.5.3.1 Stairway communication system. A tele-phone or other two-way communications system con-nected to an approved constantly attended station shallbe provided at not less than every fifth floor in eachstairway where the doors to the stairway are locked.

403.5.4 Smokeproof enclosures. Every exit enclosure inhigh-rise buildings shall comply with Sections 909.20 and1022.9. Every required level exit stairway in Group I-2occupancies serving floors more than 75 feet (22 860 mm)above the lowest level of fire department vehicle accessshall comply with Sections 909.20 and 1022.9.

Exception: In high-rise buildings, exit enclosures serv-ing three or less adjacent floors where one of the adja-cent floors is the level of exit discharge.

403.5.5 Luminous egress path markings. Luminousegress path markings shall be provided in accordance withSection 1024.

403.5.6 Emergency escape and rescue. Emergencyescape and rescue openings required by Section 1029 arenot required.

403.6 Elevators. Elevator installation and operation in high-rise buildings shall comply with Chapter 30 and Sections403.6.1 and 403.6.2.

Enclosed elevator lobbies shall be provided in accordancewith Section 713.14.1. Exceptions 3, 5, 6 and 8 shall only bepermitted where approved by the Fire Chief in accordancewith Section 1.11.2.1.1 or in accordance with Section1.11.2.1.2 for all state-owned buildings, state-occupied build-ings, and state institutions throughout the state.

403.6.1 Fire service access elevator. In buildings with anoccupied floor more than 120 feet (36 576 mm) above thelowest level of fire department vehicle access, no fewerthan two fire service access elevators, or all elevators,whichever is less, shall be provided in accordance withSection 3007. Each fire service access elevator shall havea capacity of not less than 3500 pounds (1588 kg).




403.6.2 Occupant evacuation elevators. Where installedin accordance with Section 3008, passenger elevators forgeneral public use shall be permitted to be used for occu-pant self-evacuation.

403.7 Existing high-rise buildings. For existing high-risebuildings, see Section 3414.

SECTION 404ATRIUMS

404.1 General. In other than Group H occupancies, andwhere permitted by Section 712.1.6, the provisions of Sec-tions 404.1 through 404.9 shall apply to buildings or struc-tures containing vertical openings defined as “Atriums.”

404.1.1 Definition. The following term is defined inChapter 2:

ATRIUM.

404.2 Use. The floor of the atrium shall not be used for otherthan low fire hazard uses and only approved materials anddecorations in accordance with the California Fire Code shallbe used in the atrium space.

Exception: The atrium floor area is permitted to be usedfor any approved use where the individual space is pro-vided with an automatic sprinkler system in accordancewith Section 903.3.1.1.

[F] 404.3 Automatic sprinkler protection. An approvedautomatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout theentire building.

Exceptions:

1. That area of a building adjacent to or above theatrium need not be sprinklered provided that portionof the building is separated from the atrium portionby not less than 2-hour fire barriers constructed inaccordance with Section 707 or horizontal assem-blies constructed in accordance with Section 711, orboth.

2. Where the ceiling of the atrium is more than 55 feet(16 764 mm) above the floor, sprinkler protection atthe ceiling of the atrium is not required.

[F] 404.4 Fire alarm system. A fire alarm system shall beprovided in accordance with Section 907.2.14.

404.5 Smoke control. A smoke control system shall beinstalled in accordance with Section 909.

Exception: Smoke control is not required for atriums thatconnect only two stories.

404.6 Enclosure of atriums. Atrium spaces shall be sepa-rated from adjacent spaces by a 1-hour fire barrier con-structed in accordance with Section 707 or a horizontalassembly constructed in accordance with Section 711, orboth.

Exception: A fire barrier is not required where a glasswall forming a smoke partition is provided. The glass wallshall comply with all of the following:

1. Automatic sprinklers are provided along both sidesof the separation wall and doors, or on the room side

only if there is not a walkway on the atrium side.The sprinklers shall be located between 4 inches and12 inches (102 mm and 305 mm) away from theglass and at intervals along the glass not greater than6 feet (1829 mm). The sprinkler system shall bedesigned so that the entire surface of the glass is wetupon activation of the sprinkler system withoutobstruction;

1.1. The glass wall shall be installed in a gas-keted frame in a manner that the framingsystem deflects without breaking (loading)the glass before the sprinkler system oper-ates; and

1.2. Where glass doors are provided in the glasswall, they shall be either self-closing or auto-matic-closing.

2. A fire barrier is not required where a glass-blockwall assembly complying with Section 2110 andhaving a 3/4-hour fire protection rating is provided.

3. A fire barrier is not required between the atrium andthe adjoining spaces of any three floors of the atriumprovided such spaces are accounted for in the designof the smoke control system.

[F] 404.7 Standby power. Equipment required to providesmoke control shall be connected to a standby power systemin accordance with Section 909.11.

404.8 Interior finish. The interior finish of walls and ceilingsof the atrium shall be not less than Class B with no reductionin class for sprinkler protection.

404.9 Travel distance. In other than the lowest level of theatrium, where the required means of egress is through theatrium space, the portion of exit access travel distance withinthe atrium space shall be not greater than 200 feet (60 960mm). The travel distance requirements for areas of buildingsopen to the atrium and where access to the exits is notthrough the atrium, shall comply with the requirements ofSection 1016.

404.10 Group I and R-2.1 occupancy means of egress.Required means of egress from sleeping rooms in Group Iand R-2.1 occupancies shall not pass through the atrium.

SECTION 405UNDERGROUND BUILDINGS

405.1 General. The provisions of Sections 405.2 through405.10 apply to building spaces having a floor level used forhuman occupancy more than 30 feet (9144 mm) below thefinished floor of the lowest level of exit discharge.

Exception: The provisions of Section 405 are not applica-ble to the following buildings or portions of buildings:

1. One- and two-family dwellings, sprinklered inaccordance with Section 903.3.1.3.

2. Parking garages provided with automatic sprinklersystems in compliance with Section 405.3.

3. Fixed guideway transit systems.




4. Grandstands, bleachers, stadiums, arenas and similarfacilities.

5. Where the lowest story is the only story that wouldqualify the building as an underground building andhas an area not greater than 1,500 square feet (139m2) and has an occupant load less than 10.

6. Pumping stations and other similar mechanicalspaces intended only for limited periodic use by ser-vice or maintenance personnel.

405.2 Construction requirements. The underground portionof the building shall be of Type I construction.

[F] 405.3 Automatic sprinkler system. The highest level ofexit discharge serving the underground portions of the build-ing and all levels below shall be equipped with an automaticsprinkler system installed in accordance with Section903.3.1.1. Water-flow switches and control valves shall besupervised in accordance with Section 903.4.

405.4 Compartmentation. Compartmentation shall be inaccordance with Sections 405.4.1 through 405.4.3.

405.4.1 Number of compartments. A building having afloor level more than 60 feet (18 288 mm) below the fin-ished floor of the lowest level of exit discharge shall bedivided into no fewer than two compartments of approxi-mately equal size. Such compartmentation shall extendthrough the highest level of exit discharge serving theunderground portions of the building and all levels below.

Exception: The lowest story need not be compart-mented where the area is not greater than 1,500 squarefeet (139 m2) and has an occupant load of less than 10.

405.4.2 Smoke barrier penetration. The compartmentsshall be separated from each other by a smoke barrier inaccordance with Section 709. Penetrations between thetwo compartments shall be limited to plumbing and elec-trical piping and conduit that are firestopped in accordancewith Section 714. Doorways shall be protected by firedoor assemblies that are automatic-closing by smokedetection in accordance with Section 716.5.9.3 and areinstalled in accordance with NFPA 105 and Section716.5.3. Where provided, each compartment shall have anair supply and an exhaust system independent of the othercompartments.

405.4.3 Elevators. Where elevators are provided, eachcompartment shall have direct access to an elevator.Where an elevator serves more than one compartment, anelevator lobby shall be provided and shall be separatedfrom each compartment by a smoke barrier in accordancewith Section 709. Doors shall be gasketed, have a drop silland be automatic-closing by smoke detection in accor-dance with Section 716.5.9.3.

405.5 Smoke control system. A smoke control system shallbe provided in accordance with Sections 405.5.1 and 405.5.2.

405.5.1 Control system. A smoke control system isrequired to control the migration of products of combus-tion in accordance with Section 909 and the provisions ofthis section. Smoke control shall restrict movement of

smoke to the general area of fire origin and maintainmeans of egress in a usable condition.

405.5.2 Compartment smoke control system. Wherecompartmentation is required, each compartment shallhave an independent smoke control system. The systemshall be automatically activated and capable of manualoperation in accordance with Sections 907.2.18 and907.2.19.

[F] 405.6 Fire alarm systems. A fire alarm system shall beprovided where required by Sections 907.2.18 and 907.2.19.

405.7 Means of egress. Means of egress shall be in accor-dance with Sections 405.7.1 and 405.7.2.

405.7.1 Number of exits. Each floor level shall be pro-vided with no fewer than two exits. Where compartmenta-tion is required by Section 405.4, each compartment shallhave no fewer than one exit and shall also have no fewerthan one exit access doorway into the adjoining compart-ment.

405.7.2 Smokeproof enclosure. Every required stairwayserving floor levels more than 30 feet (9144 mm) belowthe finished floor of its level of exit discharge shall com-ply with the requirements for a smokeproof enclosure asprovided in Section 1022.10.

[F] 405.8 Standby power. A standby power system comply-ing with Chapter 27 shall be provided standby power loadsspecified in Section 405.8.1.

[F] 405.8.1 Standby power loads. The following loadsare classified as standby power loads:

1. Smoke control system.

2. Ventilation and automatic fire detection equipmentfor smokeproof enclosures.

3. Fire pumps.

Standby power shall be provided for elevators in accor-dance with Section 3003.

[F] 405.8.2 Pick-up time. The standby power system shallpick up its connected loads within 60 seconds of failure ofthe normal power supply.

[F] 405.9 Emergency power. An emergency power systemcomplying with Chapter 27 shall be provided for emergencypower loads specified in Section 405.9.1.

[F] 405.9.1 Emergency power loads. The following loadsare classified as emergency power loads:

1. Emergency voice/alarm communications systems.

2. Fire alarm systems.

3. Automatic fire detection systems.

4. Elevator car lighting.

5. Means of egress and exit sign illumination asrequired by Chapter 10.

[F] 405.10 Standpipe system. The underground buildingshall be equipped throughout with a standpipe system inaccordance with Section 905.

JANUARY 1, 2014 ERRATABUFF

04_CA_Bldg_2013.fm Page 117 Thursday, November 7, 2013 10:32 AM



SECTION 406MOTOR-VEHICLE-RELATED OCCUPANCIES


406.1 General. Motor-vehicle-related occupancies shallcomply with Sections 406.1 through 406.8.


MECHANICAL-ACCESS OPEN PARKING GARAGES.

OPEN PARKING GARAGE.

RAMP-ACCESS OPEN PARKING GARAGES.

406.3 Private garages and carports. Private garages andcarports shall comply with Sections 406.3.1 through 406.3.5.

406.3.1 Classification. Buildings or parts of buildingsclassified as Group U occupancies because of the use orcharacter of the occupancy shall be not greater than 1,000square feet (93 m2) in area or one story in height except asprovided in Section 406.3.2. Any building or portionthereof that exceeds the limitations specified in this sec-tion shall be classified in the occupancy group other thanGroup U that it most nearly resembles.

406.3.2 Area increase. Group U occupancies used for thestorage of private or pleasure-type motor vehicles whereno repair work is completed or fuel is dispensed are per-mitted to be 3,000 square feet (279 m2) where the follow-ing provisions are met:

1. For a mixed occupancy building, the exterior walland opening protection for the Group U portion ofthe building shall be as required for the major occu-pancy of the building. For such a mixed occupancybuilding, the allowable floor area of the buildingshall be as permitted for the major occupancy con-tained therein.

2. For a building containing only a Group U occu-pancy, the exterior wall shall not be required to havea fire-resistance rating and the area of openings shallnot be limited where the fire separation distance is 5feet (1524 mm) or more.

More than one 3,000-square-foot (279 m2) Group Uoccupancy shall be permitted to be in the same structure,provided each 3,000-square-foot (279 m2) area is sepa-rated by fire walls complying with Section 706.

406.3.3 Garages and carports. Carports shall be open onno fewer than two sides. Carport floor surfaces shall be ofapproved noncombustible material. Carports not open onat least two sides shall be considered a garage and shallcomply with the provisions of this section for garages.

Exception: Asphalt surfaces shall be permitted atground level in carports.

The area of floor used for parking of automobiles orother vehicles shall be sloped to facilitate the movement ofliquids to a drain or toward the main vehicle entry door-way.

406.3.4 Separation. Separations shall comply with thefollowing:

1. The private garage shall be separated from thedwelling unit and its attic area by means of gypsumboard, not less than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) in thickness,applied to the garage side. Garages beneath habit-able rooms shall be separated from all habitablerooms above by not less than a 5/8-inch (15.9 mm)Type X gypsum board or equivalent and 1/2-inch(12.7 mm) gypsum board applied to structures sup-porting the separation from habitable rooms abovethe garage. Door openings between a private garageand the dwelling unit shall be equipped with eithersolid wood doors or solid or honeycomb core steeldoors not less than 13/8 inches (34.9 mm) in thick-ness, or doors in compliance with Section 716.5.3with a fire protection rating of not less than 20 min-utes. Openings from a private garage directly into aroom used for sleeping purposes shall not be permit-ted. Doors shall be self-closing and self-latching.

2. Ducts in a private garage and ducts penetrating thewalls or ceilings separating the dwelling unit,including its attic area, from the garage shall be con-structed of sheet steel of not less than 0.019 inches(0.48 mm), in thickness, and shall have no openingsinto the garage.

3. A separation is not required between a Group R-3and U carport, provided the carport is entirely openon two or more sides and there are not enclosedareas above.

406.3.5 Automatic garage door openers. Automaticgarage door openers, if provided, shall be listed in accor-dance with UL 325. See Health and Safety Code Sections19890 and 19891 for additional provisions for residentialgarage door openers.

406.4 Public parking garages. Parking garages other thanprivate parking garages, shall be classified as public parkinggarages and shall comply with the provisions of Sections406.4.2 through 406.4.8 and shall be classified as either anopen parking garage or an enclosed parking garage. Openparking garages shall also comply with Section 406.5. Enclosed parking garages shall also comply with Section406.6. See Section 510 for special provisions for parkinggarages.

406.4.1 Clear height. The clear height of each floor levelin vehicle and pedestrian traffic areas shall be not less than7 feet (2134 mm).

406.4.2 Guards. Guards shall be provided in accordancewith Section 1013. Guards serving as vehicle barriersshall comply with Sections 406.4.3 and 1013.

406.4.3 Vehicle barriers. Vehicle barriers not less than 2feet 9 inches (835 mm) in height shall be placed at the ends

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04_CA_Bldg_2013.fm Page 118 Thursday, November 7, 2013 10:32 AM



of drive lanes, and at the end of parking spaces where thevertical distance to the ground or surface directly below isgreater than 1 foot (305 mm). Vehicle barriers shall complywith the loading requirements of Section 1607.8.3.

Exception: Vehicle barriers are not required in vehiclestorage compartments in a mechanical access parkinggarage.

406.4.4 Ramps. Vehicle ramps shall not be considered asrequired exits unless pedestrian facilities are provided.Vehicle ramps that are utilized for vertical circulation aswell as for parking shall not exceed a slope of 1:15 (6.67percent).

406.4.5 Floor surface. Parking surfaces shall be of con-crete or similar noncombustible and nonabsorbent materi-als.

The area of floor used for parking of automobiles orother vehicles shall be sloped to facilitate the movement ofliquids to a drain or toward the main vehicle entry door-way.

Exceptions:

1. Asphalt parking surfaces shall be permitted atground level.

2. Floors of Group S-2 parking garages shall not berequired to have a sloped surface.

406.4.6 Mixed occupancy separation. Parking garagesshall be separated from other occupancies in accordancewith Section 508.1.

406.4.7 Special hazards. Connection of a parking garagewith any room in which there is a fuel-fired applianceshall be by means of a vestibule providing a two-doorwayseparation.

Exception: A single door shall be allowed provided thesources of ignition in the appliance are not less than 18inches (457 mm) above the floor.

406.4.8 Attached to rooms. Openings from a parkinggarage directly into a room used for sleeping purposesshall not be permitted.

406.5 Open parking garages. Open parking garages shallcomply with Sections 406.5.1 through 406.5.11.

406.5.1 Construction. Open parking garages shall be ofType I, II or IV construction. Open parking garages shallmeet the design requirements of Chapter 16. For vehiclebarriers, see Section 406.4.3.

406.5.2 Openings. For natural ventilation purposes, theexterior side of the structure shall have uniformly distrib-uted openings on two or more sides. The area of suchopenings in exterior walls on a tier shall be not less than20 percent of the total perimeter wall area of each tier. Theaggregate length of the openings considered to be provid-ing natural ventilation shall be not less than 40 percent ofthe perimeter of the tier. Interior walls shall be not lessthan 20 percent open with uniformly distributed openings.

Exception: Openings are not required to be distributedover 40 percent of the building perimeter where therequired openings are uniformly distributed over twoopposing sides of the building.

406.5.2.1 Openings below grade. Where openingsbelow grade provide required natural ventilation, theoutside horizontal clear space shall be one and one-halftimes the depth of the opening. The width of the hori-zontal clear space shall be maintained from grade downto the bottom of the lowest required opening.

406.5.3 Uses. Mixed uses shall be allowed in the samebuilding as an open parking garage subject to the provi-sions of Sections 402.4.2.3, 406.5.11, 508.1, 510.3, 510.4and 510.7.

406.5.4 Area and height. Area and height of open parkinggarages shall be limited as set forth in Chapter 5 for GroupS-2 occupancies and as further provided for in Section508.1.

406.5.4.1 Single use. Where the open parking garage isused exclusively for the parking or storage of privatemotor vehicles, with no other uses in the building, thearea and height shall be permitted to comply with Table406.5.4, along with increases allowed by Section406.5.5.

Exception: The grade-level tier is permitted to con-tain an office, waiting and toilet rooms having a totalcombined area of not more than 1,000 square feet(93 m2). Such area need not be separated from theopen parking garage.

In open parking garages having a spiral or slopingfloor, the horizontal projection of the structure at anycross section shall not exceed the allowable area perparking tier. In the case of an open parking garage hav-ing a continuous spiral floor, each 9 feet 6 inches (2896mm) of height, or portion thereof, shall be considered atier.

�

TABLE 406.5.4OPEN PARKING GARAGES AREA AND HEIGHT

For SI: 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2.

TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION AREA PER TIER(square feet)

HEIGHT (in tiers)

Ramp access

Mechanical access

Automatic sprinkler system

No Yes

IA Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited

IB Unlimited 12 tiers 12 tiers 18 tiers

IIA 50,000 10 tiers 10 tiers 15 tiers

IIB 50,000 8 tiers 8 tiers 12 tiers

IV 50,000 4 tiers 4 tiers 4 tiers




The clear height of a parking tier shall be not lessthan 7 feet (2134 mm), except that a lower clear heightis permitted in mechanical-access open parking garageswhere approved by the building official.

406.5.5 Area and height increases. The allowable areaand height of open parking garages shall be increased inaccordance with the provisions of this section. Garageswith sides open on three-fourths of the building’s perime-ter are permitted to be increased by 25 percent in area andone tier in height. Garages with sides open around theentire building’s perimeter are permitted to be increasedby 50 percent in area and one tier in height. For a side tobe considered open under the above provisions, the totalarea of openings along the side shall not be less than 50percent of the interior area of the side at each tier and suchopenings shall be equally distributed along the length ofthe tier. For purposes of calculating the interior area of theside, the height shall not exceed 7 feet (2134 mm).

Allowable tier areas in Table 406.5.4 shall be increasedfor open parking garages constructed to heights less thanthe table maximum. The gross tier area of the garage shallnot exceed that permitted for the higher structure. Nofewer than three sides of each such larger tier shall havecontinuous horizontal openings not less than 30 inches(762 mm) in clear height extending for not less than 80percent of the length of the sides and no part of such largertier shall be more than 200 feet (60 960 mm) horizontallyfrom such an opening. In addition, each such opening shallface a street or yard accessible to a street with a width ofnot less than 30 feet (9144 mm) for the full length of theopening, and standpipes shall be provided in each suchtier.

Open parking garages of Type II construction, with allsides open, shall be unlimited in allowable area where thebuilding height does not exceed 75 feet (22 860 mm). Fora side to be considered open, the total area of openingsalong the side shall not be less than 50 percent of the inte-rior area of the side at each tier and such openings shall beequally distributed along the length of the tier. For pur-poses of calculating the interior area of the side, the heightshall not exceed 7 feet (2134 mm). All portions of tiersshall be within 200 feet (60 960 mm) horizontally fromsuch openings or other natural ventilation openings asdefined in Section 406.5.2. These openings shall be per-mitted to be provided in courts with a minimum dimensionof 20 feet (6096 mm) for the full width of the openings.

406.5.6 Fire separation distance. Exterior walls andopenings in exterior walls shall comply with Tables 601and 602. The distance to an adjacent lot line shall be deter-mined in accordance with Table 602 and Section 705.

406.5.7 Means of egress. Where persons other than park-ing attendants are permitted, open parking garages shallmeet the means of egress requirements of Chapter 10.Where no persons other than parking attendants are per-mitted, there shall be no fewer than two exit stairways. Each exit stairway shall be not less than 36 inches (914mm) in width. Lifts shall be permitted to be installed foruse of employees only, provided they are completelyenclosed by noncombustible materials.

[F] 406.5.8 Standpipe system. An open parking garageshall be equipped with a standpipe system as required bySection 905.3.

406.5.9 Enclosure of vertical openings. Enclosure shallnot be required for vertical openings except as specified inSection 406.5.7.

406.5.10 Ventilation. Ventilation, other than the percent-age of openings specified in Section 406.5.2, shall not berequired.

406.5.11 Prohibitions. The following uses and alterationsare not permitted:

1. Vehicle repair work.

2. Parking of buses, trucks and similar vehicles.

3. Partial or complete closing of required openings inexterior walls by tarpaulins or any other means.

4. Dispensing of fuel.

406.6 Enclosed parking garages. Enclosed parking garagesshall comply with Sections 406.6.1 through 406.6.3.

406.6.1 Heights and areas. Enclosed vehicle parkinggarages and portions thereof that do not meet the defini-tion of open parking garages shall be limited to the allow-able heights and areas specified in Table 503 as modifiedby Sections 504, 506 and 507. Roof parking is permitted.

406.6.2 Ventilation. A mechanical ventilation systemshall be provided in accordance with the CaliforniaMechanical Code.

[F] 406.6.3 Automatic sprinkler system. An enclosedparking garage shall be equipped with an automatic sprin-kler system in accordance with Section 903.2.10.

406.7 Motor fuel-dispensing facilities. Motor fuel-dispens-ing facilities shall comply with the California Fire Code andSections 406.7.1 and 406.7.2.

406.7.1 Vehicle fueling pad. The vehicle shall be fueledon noncoated concrete or other approved paving materialhaving a resistance not exceeding 1 megohm as deter-mined by the methodology in EN 1081.

406.7.2 Canopies. Canopies under which fuels are dis-pensed shall have a clear, unobstructed height of not lessthan 13 feet 6 inches (4115 mm) to the lowest projectingelement in the vehicle drive-through area. Canopies andtheir supports over pumps shall be of noncombustiblematerials, fire-retardant-treated wood complying withChapter 23, wood of Type IV sizes or of construction pro-viding 1-hour fire resistance. Combustible materials usedin or on a canopy shall comply with one of the following:

1. Shielded from the pumps by a noncombustible ele-ment of the canopy, or wood of Type IV sizes;

2. Plastics covered by aluminum facing having a thick-ness of not less than 0.010 inch (0.30 mm) or corro-sion-resistant steel having a base metal thickness ofnot less than 0.016 inch (0.41 mm). The plastic shallhave a flame spread index of 25 or less and a smoke-developed index of 450 or less when tested in theform intended for use in accordance with ASTM E

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84 or UL 723 and a self-ignition temperature of650°F (343°C) or greater when tested in accordancewith ASTM D 1929; or

3. Panels constructed of light-transmitting plasticmaterials shall be permitted to be installed in cano-pies erected over motor vehicle fuel-dispensing sta-tion fuel dispensers, provided the panels are locatednot less than 10 feet (3048 mm) from any buildingon the same lot and face yards or streets not less than40 feet (12 192 mm) in width on the other sides. Theaggregate areas of plastics shall be not greater than1,000 square feet (93 m2). The maximum area of anyindividual panel shall be not greater than 100 squarefeet (9.3 m2).

406.7.2.1 Canopies used to support gaseous hydro-gen systems. Canopies that are used to shelter dispens-ing operations where flammable compressed gases arelocated on the roof of the canopy shall be in accordancewith the following:

1. The canopy shall meet or exceed Type I construc-tion requirements.

2. Operations located under canopies shall be lim-ited to refueling only.

3. The canopy shall be constructed in a manner thatprevents the accumulation of hydrogen gas.

406.8 Repair garages. Repair garages shall be constructedin accordance with the California Fire Code and Sections406.8.1 through 406.8.6. This occupancy shall not includemotor fuel-dispensing facilities, as regulated in Section406.7.

406.8.1 Mixed uses. Mixed uses shall be allowed in thesame building as a repair garage subject to the provisionsof Section 508.1.

406.8.2 Ventilation. Repair garages shall be mechanicallyventilated in accordance with the California MechanicalCode. The ventilation system shall be controlled at theentrance to the garage.

406.8.3 Floor surface. Repair garage floors shall be ofconcrete or similar noncombustible and nonabsorbentmaterials.

Exception: Slip-resistant, nonabsorbent, interior floorfinishes having a critical radiant flux not more than0.45 W/cm2, as determined by NFPA 253, shall be per-mitted.

406.8.4 Heating equipment. Heating equipment shall beinstalled in accordance with the California MechanicalCode.

[F] 406.8.5 Gas detection system. Repair garages usedfor the repair of vehicles fueled by nonodorized gases suchas hydrogen and nonodorized LNG, shall be provided witha flammable gas detection system.

[F] 406.8.5.1 System design. The flammable gasdetection system shall be listed or approved and shallbe calibrated to the types of fuels or gases used by vehi-cles to be repaired. The gas detection system shall bedesigned to activate when the level of flammable gas

exceeds 25 percent of the lower flammable limit (LFL).Gas detection shall be provided in lubrication or chassisservice pits of repair garages used for repairing non-odorized LNG-fueled vehicles.

[F] 406.8.5.1.1 Gas detection system components.Gas detection system control units shall be listedand labeled in accordance with UL 864 or UL 2017.Gas detectors shall be listed and labeled in accor-dance with UL 2075 for use with the gases andvapors being detected.

[F] 406.8.5.2 Operation. Activation of the gas detec-tion system shall result in all of the following:

1. Initiation of distinct audible and visual alarm sig-nals in the repair garage.

2. Deactivation of all heating systems located in therepair garage.

3. Activation of the mechanical ventilation system,where the system is interlocked with gas detec-tion.

[F] 406.8.5.3 Failure of the gas detection system.Failure of the gas detection system shall result in thedeactivation of the heating system, activation of themechanical ventilation system where the system isinter-locked with the gas detection system and cause atrouble signal to sound in an approved location.

[F] 406.8.6 Automatic sprinkler system. A repair garageshall be equipped with an automatic sprinkler system inaccordance with Section 903.2.9.1.

406.9 Electric vehicle. [SFM]

406.9.1 Electric vehicle. An automotive-type vehicle forhighway use, such as passenger automobiles, buses,trucks, vans and the like, primarily powered by an electricmotor that draws current from a rechargeable storagebattery, fuel cell, photovoltaic array or other source ofelectric current. For the purpose of this chapter, electricmotorcycles and similar type vehicles and off-road self-propelled electric vehicles such as industrial trucks,hoists, lifts, transports, golf carts, airline ground supportequipment, tractors, boats and the like, are not included.

406.9.2 Charging. In any building or interior area usedfor charging electric vehicles, electrical equipment shallbe installed in accordance with the California ElectricalCode.

406.9.3 Ventilation. Mechanical exhaust ventilation, whenrequired by the California Electrical Code shall be pro-vided at a rate as required by Article 625 or as requiredby Section 1203 of the California Building Code which-ever is greater. The ventilation system shall include boththe supply and exhaust equipment and shall be perma-nently installed and located to intake supply air from theoutdoors, and vent the exhaust directly to, the outdoorswithout conducting the exhaust air through other spaceswithin the building.

Exception: Positive pressure ventilation systems shallonly be allowed in buildings or areas that have beendesigned and approved for that application.




406.9.4 Electrical interface. The electrical supply circuitto electrically powered mechanical ventilation equipmentshall be interlocked with the recharging equipment used tosupply the vehicle(s) being charged, and shall remainenergized during the entire charging cycle. Electric vehi-cle recharging equipment shall be marked or labeled inaccordance with the California Electrical Code.

Exceptions:

1. Exhaust ventilation shall not be required in areaswith an approved engineered ventilation system,which maintains a hydrogen gas concentration atless than 25 percent of the lower flammability limit.

2. Mechanical exhaust ventilation for hydrogen shallnot be required where the charging equipment uti-lized is installed and listed for indoor charging ofelectric vehicles without ventilation.

SECTION 407GROUP I-2

407.1 General. Occupancies in Group I-2 and I-2.1 shallcomply with the provisions of Sections 407.1 through 407.10and other applicable provisions of this code.

407.2 Corridors continuity and separation. Corridors inoccupancies in Group I-2 shall be continuous to the exits andshall be separated from other areas in accordance with Sec-tion 407.3 except spaces conforming to Sections 407.2.1through 407.2.4.

407.2.1 Waiting and similar areas. Waiting areas andsimilar spaces constructed as required for corridors shallbe permitted to be open to a corridor, only where all of thefollowing criteria are met:

1. The spaces are not occupied as care recipient’ssleeping rooms, treatment rooms, incidental useslisted in Table 509, or hazardous uses.

2. The open space is protected by an automatic firedetection system installed in accordance with Sec-tion 907.

3. The corridors onto which the spaces open, in thesame smoke compartment, are protected by an auto-matic fire detection system installed in accordancewith Section 907, or the smoke compartment inwhich the spaces are located is equipped throughoutwith quick-response sprinklers in accordance withSection 903.3.2.

4. The space is arranged so as not to obstruct access tothe required exits.

5. Each space is located to permit direct visual super-vision by the facility staff.

407.2.2 Nurses’ stations. Spaces for doctors’ and nurses’charting, communications and related clerical areas shallbe permitted to be open to, or located within the corridor,provided the required construction along the perimeter ofthe corridor is maintained. Construction of nurses’ sta-tions or portions of nurses’ stations, within the envelope ofthe corridor is not required to be fire-resistive rated.

Nurses’ stations in new and existing facilities see the Cali-fornia Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter1, Subchapter 1, Article 3, Section 3.11(d) for storage andequipment requirements.

In detention or secure mental health facilities, the pro-visions above applies to enclosed nurses’ stations withinthe corridor.

407.2.3 Psychiatric treatment areas. Areas wherein psy-chiatric care recipients who are not capable of self-preser-vation are housed, or group meeting or multipurposetherapeutic spaces other than incidental uses in accordancewith Section 509, under continuous supervision by facilitystaff, shall be permitted to be open to the corridor, wherethe following criteria are met:

1. Each area does not exceed 1,500 square feet (140m2).

2. The area is located to permit supervision by thefacility staff.

3. The area is arranged so as not to obstruct any accessto the required exits.

4. The area is equipped with an automatic fire detec-tion system installed in accordance with Section907.2.

5. Not more than one such space is permitted in anyone smoke compartment.

6. The walls and ceilings of the space are constructedas required for corridors.

407.2.4 Gift shops. Gift shops and associated storage thatare less than 500 square feet (455 m2) in area shall be per-mitted to be open to the corridor where such spaces areconstructed as required for corridors.

407.3 Corridor wall construction. Corridor walls shall beconstructed as fire partitions in accordance with Section 708.

407.3.1 Corridor doors. Corridor doors, other than thosein a wall required to be rated by Section 509.4 or for theenclosure of a vertical opening or an exit, shall not have arequired fire protection rating and shall not be required tobe equipped with self-closing or automatic-closingdevices, but shall provide an effective barrier to limit thetransfer of smoke and shall be equipped with positivelatching. Roller latches are not permitted. Other doorsshall conform to Section 716.5. In Group I-2 Occupancies,self-closing or automatic-closing devices are not requiredon corridor doors to patient sleeping rooms, treatmentrooms, and offices located in areas specified in Sections1224 and 1225, excluding offices specified in Sections1224.21 and 1225.8.

407.3.1.1 Swing of corridor doors. Corridor doors,other than those equipped with self-closing or auto-matic-closing devices shall not swing into the requiredwidth of corridors.

Exception: Doors may swing into required width ofcorridors in I-3 facilities as long as 44” clear ismaintained with any one door open 90 degrees andclear corridor widths required in Chapter 12 can bemaintained with doors open 180 degrees.




407.3.2 Glazing. In fully sprinklered buildings, fixed fullytempered or laminated glass in wood or metal frames maybe used in corridor walls, provided the glazed area doesnot exceed 25 percent of the areas of the corridor wall ofthe room. The total area of glass in corridor walls is notlimited when the glazing is fixed 1/4-inch-thick (6.4 mm)wired glass in steel frames and the size of individualglazed panel does not exceed 1,296 square inches (0.836m2).

407.4 Means of egress. Group I-2 occupancies shall be pro-vided with means of egress complying with Chapter 10 andSections 407.4.1 through 407.4.3.

407.4.1 Direct access to a corridor. Habitable rooms inGroup I-2 occupancies shall have an exit access door lead-ing directly to a corridor.

Exceptions:

1. Rooms with exit doors opening directly to theoutside at ground level.

2. Rooms arranged as care suites complying withSection 407.4.3

407.4.1.1 Locking devices. Locking devices thatrestrict access to a care recipient’s room from the corri-dor and that are operable only by staff from the corridorside shall not restrict the means of egress from the carerecipient’s room.

Exceptions:

1. This section shall not apply to rooms in psy-chiatric treatment and similar care areas.

2. Locking arrangements in accordance withSection 1008.1.9.6.

407.4.1.2 Basement exits. All rooms below grade shallhave not less than one exit access that leads directly toan exterior exit door opening directly to an exit dis-charge at grade plane or the public way.

407.4.2 Travel distance. The travel distance between anypoint in a Group I-2 occupancy sleeping room and an exitaccess door in that room shall be not greater than 50 feet(15 240 mm).

407.4.3 Group I-2 care suites. Care suites in Group I-2shall comply with Sections 407.4.3.1 through 407.4.3.4and either Section 407.4.3.5 or 407.4.3.6.

407.4.3.1 Exit access through care suites. Exit accessfrom all other portions of a building not classified as acare suite shall not pass through a care suite. In a caresuite required to have more than one exit, one exitaccess is permitted to pass through an adjacent caresuite provided all of the other requirements of Sections407.4 and 1014.2 are satisfied.

407.4.3.2 Separation. Care suites shall be separatedfrom other portions of the building by not less than aone-hour fire barrier complying with Section 707.Each suite of rooms shall be separated from theremainder of the building by not less than a one-hourfire barrier.

407.4.3.3 One intervening room. For rooms other thansleeping rooms located within a care suite, exit accesstravel from the care suite shall be permitted throughone intervening room where the travel distance to theexit access door from the care suite is not greater than100 feet (30 480 mm).

407.4.3.4 Two intervening rooms. For rooms otherthan sleeping rooms located within a care suite, exitaccess travel within the care suite shall be permittedthrough two intervening rooms where the travel dis-tance to the exit access door from the care suite is notgreater than 50 feet (15 240 mm).

407.4.3.5 Care suites containing sleeping roomareas. Sleeping rooms shall be permitted to be groupedinto care suites with one intervening room if one of thefollowing conditions is met:

1. The intervening room within the care suite is notused as an exit access for more than eight carerecipient beds.

2. The arrangement of the care suite allows fordirect and constant visual supervision by careproviders.

407.4.3.5.1 Area. Care suites containing sleepingrooms shall be not greater than 5,000 square feet(465 m2) in area.

407.4.3.5.2 Exit access. Any sleeping room, or anycare suite that contains sleeping rooms, of more than1,000 square feet (93 m2) shall have no fewer thantwo exit access doors from the care suite located inaccordance with Section 1015.2.

407.4.3.5.3 Travel distance. The travel distancebetween any point in a care suite containing sleepingrooms and an exit access door from that care suiteshall be not greater than 100 feet (30 480 mm).

407.4.3.6 Care suites not containing sleeping rooms.Areas not containing sleeping rooms, but only treat-ment areas and the associated rooms, spaces or circula-tion space shall be permitted to be grouped into caresuites and shall conform to the limitations in Section407.4.3.6.1 and 407.4.3.6.2.

407.4.3.6.1 Area. Care suites of rooms, other thansleeping rooms, shall have an area not greater than10,000 square feet (929 m2).

407.4.3.6.2 Exit access. Care suites, other thansleeping rooms, with an area of more than 2,500square feet (232 m2) shall have no fewer than twoexit access doors from the care suite located inaccordance with Section 1015.2.

407.5 Smoke barriers. Smoke barriers shall be provided tosubdivide every story used by persons receiving care, treat-ment or sleeping and to divide other stories with an occupantload of 50 or more persons, into no fewer than two smokecompartments. Such stories shall be divided into smoke com-partments with an area of not more than 22,500 square feet(2092 m2) and the travel distance from any point in a smokecompartment to a smoke barrier door shall be not greater than

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200 feet (60 960 mm). The smoke barrier shall be in accor-dance with Section 709.

Exceptions:

1. This requirement shall not apply to Group I-2.1 lessthan 10,000 ft2 (929 m2).

2. An area in an adjoining occupancy shall be per-mitted to serve as a smoke compartment for aGroup I-2.1 facility if the following criteria aremet:

2.1. The separating wall and both compartmentsmeet the requirements of 407.5.

2.2 The Group I-2.1 is less than 22,500 ft2 (2100m2).

2.3. Access from the Group I-2.1 to the other occu-pancy is unrestricted.

407.5.1 Refuge area. Refuge areas shall be providedwithin each smoke compartment. The size of the refugearea shall accommodate the occupants and care recipientsfrom the adjoining smoke compartment. Where a smokecompartment is adjoined by two or more smoke compart-ments, the minimum area of the refuge area shall accom-modate the largest occupant load of the adjoiningcompartments. The size of the refuge area shall providethe following:

1. Not less than 30 net square feet (2.8 m2) for eachcare recipient confined to bed or litter.

2. Not less than 6 square feet (0.56 m2) for each ambu-latory care recipient not confined to bed or litter andfor other occupants.

Areas or spaces permitted to be included in the calcula-tion of refuge area are corridors, sleeping areas, treatmentrooms, lounge or dining areas and other low-hazardareas.

407.5.2 Independent egress. At least two means of egressshall be provided from each smoke compartment createdby smoke barriers. Means of egress may pass throughadjacent compartments provided it does not return throughthe smoke compartment from which means of egressoriginated.

407.5.3 Horizontal assemblies. Horizontal assembliessupporting smoke barriers required by this section shall bedesigned to resist the movement of smoke and shall com-ply with Section 711.9.

[F] 407.6 Automatic sprinkler system. Every facility asspecified herein wherein more than six clients or patients arehoused or cared for on the premises on a 24-hour per-day-basis shall have installed and maintained in an operable con-dition in every building or portion thereof where clients orpatients are housed, an automatic sprinkler system of a typeapproved by the state fire marshal. The provisions of this sub-section shall apply to every person, firm or corporationestablishing, maintaining or operating a hospital, children’shome, children’s nursery or institution, or a home or institu-tion for the care of aged or persons with dementia or other

cognitive impairments, or any institution for persons withmental illness or persons with developmental disabilities andany nursing or convalescent home, and to any state-owned orstate-occupied building used for any of the types of facilitiesspecified herein.

Exceptions:

1. This section shall not apply to homes or institutionsfor the 24-hour-per-day care of ambulatory childrenif all of the following conditions are satisfied:

1.1. The buildings or portions thereof in which chil-dren are housed are not more than two storiesin height and are constructed and maintained inaccordance with regulations adopted by thestate fire marshal.

1.2. The buildings or portions thereof housing morethan six such children shall have installed andmaintained in an operable condition therein, afire alarm system of a type approved by thestate fire marshal. Such system shall be acti-vated by detectors responding to invisible parti-cles of combustion other than heat, except thatdetectors used in closets, usable under-floorareas, storage rooms, bathrooms, attachedgarages, attics, plenums, laundry rooms androoms of similar use, may be heat-responsivedevices.

1.3. The building or portions thereof do not housepersons with mental illness or children withdevelopmental disabilities.

2. This section shall not apply to any one-story build-ing or structure of an institution or home for thecare of the aged providing 24-hour-per-day care ifsuch building or structure is used or intended to beused for the housing of no more than six ambulatoryaged persons. Such buildings or institutions shallhave installed and maintained in an operable condi-tion herein a fire alarm system of a type approved bythe state fire marshal. Such system shall be activatedby detectors responding to either visible or invisibleparticles of combustion other than heat, except thatdetectors used in closets, usable under-floor areas,storage rooms, bathrooms, attached garages, attics,plenums, laundry rooms and rooms of similar use,may be heat-responsive devices.

3. This section shall not apply to occupancies or anyalterations thereto conforming to the constructionprovisions of this exception which were under con-struction or in existence on March 4, 1972. "Underconstruction" as used in this exception shall meanthat actual work had been performed on the con-struction site and shall not be construed to meanthat the hospital, home, nursery, institution, sanitar-ium or any portion thereof, was or is in the planningstage. The provisions of this exception shall apply tothose buildings or structures having bearing walls




and structural flame protected in accordance withthe provisions of Column Type 1A of Table 601.

4. In detention facilities where inmates are notrestrained.

The provisions of this section shall not apply to any facilityused to house six or less persons on the premises.

407.6.1 When a new addition is to be made to an unsprin-klered building or structure as permitted by this subsec-tion, such new addition shall be sprinklered as required bythis section and shall be separated from the existing build-ing or structures by not less than a two-hour fire-resistivefire barrier.

When a sprinkler system is added to an existingunsprinklered building or structure, the sprinkleredarea(s) shall be separated from the remainder of thebuilding by not less than a one-hour fire-resistive fire bar-rier. The provisions of this section do not apply to anyfacility used to house six or less persons on the premises.

[F] 407.7 Fire alarm system. A fire alarm system shall beprovided in accordance with Section 907.2.6.

[F] 407.8 Automatic fire detection. See Section 907.2.6.2.

407.9 Secured yards. Grounds are permitted to be fencedand gates therein are permitted to be equipped with locks,provided that safe dispersal areas having 30 net square feet(2.8 m2) for bed and litter care recipients and 6 net squarefeet (0.56 m2) for ambulatory care recipients and other occu-pants are located between the building and the fence. Suchprovided safe dispersal area shall be located not less than 50feet (15 240 mm) from the building they serve. Each safe dis-persal area shall have a minimum of two exits. The aggregateclear width of exits from a safe dispersal area shall be deter-mined on the basis of not less than one exit unit of 22 inches(559 mm) for each 500 persons to be accommodated, and noexit shall be less than 44 inches (1118 mm) in width. Gatesshall not be installed across corridors or passageways lead-ing to such dispersal areas unless they comply with egressrequirements. Keys to gate locks shall be provided in accor-dance with the California Fire Code.

407.10 Hyperbaric facilities. Hyperbaric facilities in GroupI-2 occupancies shall meet the requirements contained inChapter 20 of NFPA 99.

407.11 Special Hazards.

407.11.1 Storage and handling of flammable, combustibleliquids and hazardous materials shall be in accordancewith the California Fire Code.

407.11.2 All exterior openings in a boiler room or roomcontaining central heating equipment, if located belowopenings in another story, or if less than 10 feet (3048mm) from other doors or windows of the same building,shall be protected by a fire assembly having a three-fourths-hour fire protection rating.

407.11.3 Safety padding. See Sections 308.1 and 408.14.

407.11.4 Floor Surfaces. Rooms occupied by patientswhose personal liberties are restrained shall have non-combustible floor surfaces see Sections 308.1 and 804.4.2.

SECTION 408GROUP I-3

408.1 General. Occupancies in Group I-3 shall comply withthe provisions of Sections 408.1 through 408.11 and otherapplicable provisions of this code (see Section 308.5).

408.1.1 Definitions. The following terms are defined inChapter 2:

CELL.

CELL COMPLEX.

CELL TIERS.

CENTRAL CONTROL BUILDING.

DAY ROOM.

DORMITORY.

HOLDING FACILITY.

HOUSING UNIT.

RESTRAINT.

SALLYPORT.

SMALL MANAGEMENT YARD.

408.1.2 Construction. Group I-3 Occupancies shall behoused in buildings of Type IA or Type IB.

Exception: Such occupancies may be housed in one-story buildings of Type IIA, Type IIIA or Type VAconstruction provided the floor area does not exceed5,200 square feet (483m2) between fire walls of two-hour fire-resistive construction with openings protectedby fire assemblies having 1- and 11/2-hour fire-protec-tion rating.

408.1.2.1 Nonbearing walls and partitions interior.Nonbearing cell or dormitory walls within cell com-plexes shall be of noncombustible construction.

408.1.2.2 Intervening spaces. Common rooms andspaces within Group I-3 occupancies can be consid-ered an intervening space in accordance with Section1014.2, and not considered a corridor, when they meetany of the following:

1. The inmate and/or staff movement within cellcomplexes, medical housing wings and mentalhealth housing wings of Type I construction.

2. Areas within any temporary holding area of non-combustible construction.

3. Areas within secure mental health treatmentfacilities of noncombustible construction.

408.1.2.3 Courthouse holding facilities. Group I-3courthouse holding facilities shall be considered a sep-arate and distinct building from the remaining court-house building for the purpose of determining the typeof construction where all of the following conditionsare met:

1. 2-hour fire barriers in accordance with Section707 and 2-hour horizontal assemblies in accor-dance with Section 711 are provided to separate




the courthouse holding facility from all otherportions of the courthouse building.

2. Any of the structure used to support courthouseholding facilities meets the requirements for theGroup I-3 portion of the building.

3. Each courthouse holding facility located abovethe first story is less than 1,000 square feet inarea, and is designed to hold 10 or less in-cus-tody defendants.

4. Courthouse holding facilities located above thefirst story containing an internal stairway dis-charging to the main courthouse holding facilityat the first story or basement.

5. Additional exits from the courthouse holdingfacility located above the first story shall be per-mitted to exit through the courtrooms.

6. The main courthouse holding facility located onthe first story or basement has at least one exitdirectly to the exterior and additional means ofegress shall be permitted to pass through a 1-hour corridor or lobby in the courthousebuilding.

408.1.2.4 Horizontal building separation for com-bined Group I-3/Group B occupancy. A Group BAdministration building one story in height shall bepermitted to be located above a Group I-3 (or Group I-3/I-2) housing/treatment building that is one storyabove grade and shall be classified as a separate anddistinct building for the purpose of determining the typeof construction, and shall be considered a separate firearea, where all of the following conditions are met:

1. A 3-hour floor-ceiling assembly below the admin-istration building is constructed as a horizontalassembly in accordance with Section 711.

2. Interior shafts for stairs, elevators and mechani-cal systems complete the 3-hour separationbetween the Group B and Group I-3 (or Group I-3/I-2).

3. The Group I-3 occupancy (or Group I-3/I-2 occu-pancies, correctional medical and mental healthuses) below is minimum Type I-B constructionwith 2-hour fire resistive rated exterior walls.

4. No unprotected openings are allowed in lowerroofs within 10 feet of unprotected windows inthe upper floor.

5. The Group B building above is of noncombustibleconstruction and equipped throughout with anapproved automatic sprinkler system in accor-dance with Section 903.3.1.1.

6. The Group B occupancy building above has allrequired means of egress capable of dischargingdirectly to the exterior to a safe dispersal area.

408.1.2.5 Temporary holding area. In buildings pro-tected with automatic sprinklers, corridor serving tem-porary holding rooms shall be one hour fire resistance

rated when the temporary holding occupant load isgreater than 20.

408.1.2.6 Temporary holding facilities. Temporaryholding facilities with nine or fewer persons underrestraint may be classified as Group B when located ina buildings complying with all of the following condi-tions:

1. The building shall be protected throughout with amonitored automatic sprinkler system installed inaccordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

2. The building shall protected with a automatic firealarm system with notification appliancesthroughout the holding facility in accordancewith Section 907.2.

3. The building shall be constructed of Type I, IIA,IIIA or VA construction.

408.1.2.7 Secure interview rooms. Secure InterviewRooms used for law enforcement shall be permitted tolocked, and shall not be classified as Group I-3 occu-pancies where all of the following conditions are met:

1. A monitored automatic sprinkler system shall beprovided throughout buildings and portionsthereof including secure interview rooms. Theautomatic sprinkler system shall comply withSection 903.1.1.

2. Secure interview rooms shall be located in non-combustible construction.

3. Secure interview rooms have glazed or barredopenings with direct, continuous observationfrom law enforcement personnel who have ameans to open the secure interview room.

4. Not more than 6 occupants in secure interviewrooms shall be located in the same fire area.

5. An automatic smoke detection system shall beinstalled within secure interview rooms andmechanical and electrical rooms.

408.2 Other occupancies. Buildings or portions of buildingsin Group I-3 occupancies where security operations necessi-tate the locking of required means of egress shall be permit-ted to be classified as a different occupancy. Occupanciesclassified as other than Group I-3 shall meet the applicablerequirements of this code for that occupancy provided provi-sions are made for the release of occupants at all times.

Means of egress from detention and correctional occupan-cies that traverse other use areas shall, as a minimum, con-form to requirements for detention and correctionaloccupancies.

Exception:

1. It is permissible to exit through a horizontal exit intoother contiguous occupancies that do not conform todetention and correctional occupancy egress provi-sions but that do comply with requirements set forthin the appropriate occupancy, as long as the occu-pancy is not a Group H use.




2. Regardless of the provisions of Section 508, laundryareas and kitchens including associated diningareas, where commercial/institutional equipment isused shall be separated from the remainder of thebuilding by construction capable of resisting thepassage of smoke.

3. For the purpose of occupancy separation onlycourtroom docks that are directly accessory tocourtrooms need not be separated from a court-room.

408.2.1 Correctional medical and mental health uses.Where a Group I-2 occupancy in accordance with Section308.4 and a Group I-3 occupancy occur together in build-ing or portions of buildings, the following Subsections ofSections of 407 shall apply: 407.2.1; 407.2.2; 407.2.3;407.3.1; 407.3.1.1; 407.4; 407.10.2.

408.3 Means of egress. Except as modified or as providedfor in this section, the means of egress provisions of Chapter10 shall apply.

408.3.1 Door width. Doors to resident sleeping units shallhave a clear width of not less than 28 inches (711 mm).

408.3.1.1 Cell doors shall open outwardly or slide lat-erally.

408.3.2 Sliding doors. Where doors in a means of egressare of the horizontal-sliding type, the force to slide thedoor to its fully open position shall be not greater than 50pounds (220 N) with a perpendicular force against thedoor of 50 pounds (220 N).

408.3.3 Guard tower doors. A hatch or trap door not lessthan 16 square feet (610 m2) in area through the floor andhaving dimensions of not less than 2 feet (610 mm) in anydirection shall be permitted to be used as a portion of themeans of egress from guard towers.

408.3.4 Spiral stairways. Spiral stairways that conform tothe requirements of Section 1009.12 are permitted foraccess to and between staff locations.

408.3.5 Ship ladders. Ship ladders shall be permitted foregress from control rooms or elevated facility observationrooms in accordance with Section 1009.14.

408.3.6 Exit discharge. Exits are permitted to dischargeinto a fenced or walled courtyard. Enclosed yards or courtsshall be of a size to accommodate all occupants, be locatednot less than 50 feet (15 240 mm) from the building andhave an area of not less than 15 square feet (1.4 m2) perperson.

408.3.6 Exit discharge.

408.3.6.1 Exits are permitted to discharge into a fencedor walled courtyard. Enclosed yards or courts shall beof a size to accommodate all occupants, a minimum of50 feet (15 240 mm) from the building with a net areaof 3 square feet (1.4 m2) per person. A gate shall beprovided from the safe dispersal area to allow for thenecessary relocation of occupants.

408.3.6.2 Exterior fenced enclosures and fenced enclo-sures utilized for recreational or activity purposes,

used for exit termination for more than 20 persons, andwhich do not provide a safe dispersal area, shall havenot less than two exits.

408.3.6.3 Fenced enclosure utilized for recreational oractivity purposes only, for more than 49 people, andwhich do not provide a safe dispersal area, shall beprovided with not less than two exits.

408.3.6.4 Fenced enclosures located on roofs of build-ings one or more stories in height shall be providedwith not less than two exits regardless of occupantload.

408.3.6.5 Fenced enclosures utilized for central controlbuildings not normally occupied and not accessed byinmates or the general public are permitted to haveonly one exit from the fenced enclosure. These fencedenclosures shall only be occupied during emergencyresponse conditions by not more than 29 prison staffoccupants. Access to the fenced area shall be con-trolled remotely or at the gate with a key.

408.3.7 Sallyports. A sallyport shall be permitted in ameans of egress where there are provisions for continuousand unobstructed passage through the sallyport during anemergency egress condition.

408.3.8 Interior exit stairway and ramp construction.One interior exit stairway or ramp in each building shallbe permitted to have glazing installed in doors and interiorwalls at each landing level providing access to the interiorexit stairway or ramp, provided that the following condi-tions are met:

1. The interior exit stairway or ramp shall not servemore than four floor levels.

2. Exit doors shall be not less than 3/4-hour fire doorassemblies complying with Section 716.5.

3. The total area of glazing at each floor level shall notexceed 5,000 square inches (3.2 m2) and individualpanels of glazing shall not exceed 1,296 squareinches (0.84 m2).

4. The glazing shall be protected on both sides by anautomatic sprinkler system. The sprinkler systemshall be designed to wet completely the entire sur-face of any glazing affected by fire when actuated.

5. The glazing shall be in a gasketed frame andinstalled in such a manner that the framing systemwill deflect without breaking (loading) the glassbefore the sprinkler system operates.

6. Obstructions, such as curtain rods, drapery traverserods, curtains, drapes or similar materials shall notbe installed between the automatic sprinklers andthe glazing.

408.3.8.1 Where the number and arrangement of exitscomplies with the requirements of Chapter 10, otherstairways which occur within the secure area of thedetention facility and are not used for required exitingbut are used primarily for the movement of inmates andsecurity staff need not extend to the exterior.




408.3.9 Dead-end balconies. Exit balconies serving celltiers shall not extend more than 50 feet (15 240 mm)beyond an exit stairway.

408.3.10 Travel distance. The travel distance may beincreased to 300 feet for portions of Group I-3 occupan-cies open only to staff or where inmates are escorted at alltimes by staff.

408.3.11 Number of exits required. In temporary holdingareas of noncombustible construction, a second means ofegress is required when the occupant load is greater than20.

408.4 Locks. Egress doors are permitted to be locked inaccordance with the applicable use condition. Doors from arefuge area to the outside are permitted to be locked with akey in lieu of locking methods described in Section 408.4.1.The keys to unlock the exterior doors shall be available at alltimes and the locks shall be operable from both sides of thedoor. Security hardware may be used on any fire-rated door.

408.4.1 Remote release. Remote release of locks on doorsin a means of egress shall be provided with reliable meansof operation, remote from the resident living areas, torelease locks on all required doors. In Occupancy Condi-tions 3 or 4, the arrangement, accessibility and security ofthe release mechanisms required for egress shall be suchthat with the minimum available staff at any time, the lockmechanisms are capable of being released within 2 min-utes.

Exception: Provisions for remote locking and unlock-ing of occupied rooms in Occupancy Condition 4 arenot required provided that not more than 10 locks arenecessary to be unlocked in order to move occupantsfrom one smoke compartment to a refuge area within 3minutes. The opening of necessary locks shall beaccomplished with not more than two separate keys.

408.4.2 Power-operated doors and locks. Power-oper-ated sliding doors or power-operated locks for swingingdoors shall be operable by a manual release mechanism atthe door, and either emergency power or a remotemechanical operating release shall be provided.

Exception: Emergency power is not required in facili-ties with 10 or fewer locks complying with the excep-tion to Section 408.4.1.

408.4.3 Redundant operation. Mechanically operatedsliding doors or mechanically operated locks shall be pro-vided with a mechanically operated release mechanism ateach door and shall be provided with a remote release con-trol.

408.4.4 Relock capability. Doors remotely unlockedunder emergency conditions shall not automatically relockwhen closed unless specific action is taken at the remotelocation to enable doors to relock.

408.5 Protection of vertical openings. Any vertical openingshall be protected by a shaft enclosure in accordance withSection 713, or shall be in accordance with Section 408.5.1.

408.5.1 Floor openings. The open space in front of a celltier and connected chases, not exceeding two tiers in

height, shall not be considered a vertical shaft and neednot meet the fire-resistive shaft enclosure requirements ofSection 708.

408.5.2 Shaft openings in communicating floor levels.Where a floor opening is permitted between communicat-ing floor levels of a housing unit in accordance with Sec-tion 408.5.1, plumbing chases serving vertically stakedindividual cells contained with the housing unit shall bepermitted without a shaft enclosure.

408.6 Smoke barrier. Occupancies in Group I-3 shall havesmoke barriers complying with Sections 408.8 and 709 todivide every story occupied by residents for sleeping, or anyother story having an occupant load of 50 or more persons,into no fewer than two smoke compartments.

Exception: Spaces having a direct exit to one of the fol-lowing, provided that the locking arrangement of the doorsinvolved complies with the requirements for doors at thesmoke barrier for the use condition involved:

1. A public way.

2. A building separated from the resident housing areaby a 2-hour fire-resistance-rated assembly or 50 feet(15 240 mm) of open space.

3. A secured yard or court having a holding space 50feet (15 240 mm) from the housing area that pro-vides 6 square feet (0.56 m2) or more of refuge areaper occupant, including residents, staff and visitors.

4. Holding facility.

408.6.1 Smoke compartments. The number of residentsin any smoke compartment shall be not more than 200.The travel distance to a door in a smoke barrier from anyroom door required as exit access shall be not greater than150 feet (45 720 mm). The travel distance to a door in asmoke barrier from any point in a room shall be notgreater than 200 feet (60 960 mm).

Exception: The travel distance may be increased by 50feet from areas open only to the staff.

408.6.2 Refuge area. Not less than 6 net square feet (0.56m2) per occupant shall be provided on each side of eachsmoke barrier for the total number of occupants in adjoin-ing smoke compartments. This space shall be readilyavailable wherever the occupants are moved across thesmoke barrier in a fire emergency.

408.6.3 Independent egress. A means of egress shall beprovided from each smoke compartment created by smokebarriers without having to return through the smoke com-partment from which means of egress originates.

408.7 Security glazing. In occupancies in Group I-3, win-dows and doors in 1-hour fire barriers constructed in accor-dance with Section 707, fire partitions constructed inaccordance with Section 708 and smoke barriers constructedin accordance with Section 709 shall be permitted to havesecurity glazing installed provided that the following condi-tions are met.

1. Individual panels of glazing shall not exceed 1,296square inches (0.84 m2).

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2. The glazing shall be protected on both sides by an auto-matic sprinkler system. The sprinkler system shall bedesigned to, when actuated, wet completely the entiresurface of any glazing affected by fire.

3. The glazing shall be in a gasketed frame and installedin such a manner that the framing system will deflectwithout breaking (loading) the glass before the sprin-kler system operates.

4. Obstructions, such as curtain rods, drapery traverserods, curtains, drapes or similar materials shall not beinstalled between the automatic sprinklers and the glaz-ing.

408.8 Subdivision of areas. Each cell complex shall be sepa-rated from other cell complexes or other spaces by a smoke-tight partition.

408.8.1 Smoke-tight doors. Doors in openings in parti-tions required to be smoke tight by Section 408.8 shall besubstantial doors, of construction that will resist the pas-sage of smoke. Latches and door closures are not requiredon cell doors.

408.9 Windowless buildings. For the purposes of this sec-tion, a windowless building or portion of a building is onewith nonopenable windows, windows not readily breakableor without windows.

408.9.1 Smoke venting. Windowless buildings containinguse conditions 3, 4 or 5 shall be provided with an engi-neered smoke control system in accordance with Section909, windows or doors, smoke vents, or equivalent meansto provide a tenable environment for exiting from thesmoke compartment in the area of fire origin. If windowsor doors are used to meet this section, at least two win-dows or doors to the exterior must be provided at or abovethe highest occupied level in each smoke compartment,and the windows or doors must be operable or readilybreakable and arranged to manually vent smoke.

Exceptions:

1. Local adult detention facilities, CDCR and CDCRmental health housing facilities shall be exemptfrom this section when they meet each of the follow-ing criteria:

1.1. Are Type I-B or I-A construction

1.2. Are protected with sprinklers throughout inaccordance with Section 903.1.1

1.3. Include a fire alarm system with smoke detec-tion in accordance with NFPA 72 in the day-room and/or corridor serving as exit accessfrom the cells, reporting to a 24 hour centralcontrol at the institution

1.4. Include at least one exit from each housing unitthat discharges directly to the exterior

1.5. The building is divided into at least two smokecompartments per Section 408.6.1

1.6. Staffing in the institution is sufficient to evacu-ate inmates from the smoke compartment 24hours per day, as approved by the enforcing

agency or the facility is provided with gang orelectric locks.

2. No venting or smoke control is required when anengineering analysis shows an acceptable safeegress time compared to the onset of untenable con-ditions within a windowless building or portion of awindowless building and approved by the enforcingagency.

[F] 408.10 Fire alarm system. A fire alarm system shall beprovided in accordance with Section 907.2.6.3.

[F] 408.11 Automatic sprinkler system. Group I-3 occu-pancies shall be equipped throughout with an automaticsprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.2.6.

408.12 Emergency and standby power systems. Special elec-trical systems, exit illumination, power installations andalternate on-site electrical supplies shall be provided forevery building or portion of a building housing 10 or moreinmates in a detention or correctional facility in accordancewith the provisions of the California Electrical Code. Thereshall be a source of emergency power in all detention facili-ties capable of providing minimal lighting in all housingunits, activity areas, corridors, stairs and central controlpoints, and to maintain fire and life safety, security, commu-nications and alarm systems.

408.13 Windows. In security areas within cell complexessprinklered throughout, the area of glazing in one-hour corri-dor walls and smoke barrier walls shall not be restricted,provided:

1. All openings are protected by fixed glazing listed andlabeled for a fire-protection of at least 3/4 hour; or

2. Fixed security glazing set in noncombustible frames.Shall comply with the minimum requirements of one ofthe following test standards: ASTM F 1233-98, ClassIII glass, or; California Department of Corrections,CDC 860-94d, or H.P. White Laboratory, Inc., HPW-TP- 0500.02, Forced Entry Level III.

3. In lieu of the sizes set forth in CBC, the size and area ofglazed assemblies shall conform to the following: Win-dows required to have a three-fourths-hour fire-resis-tive rating or windows protected by fixed securityglazing, as delineated in Items 1 and 2 above, may havean area not greater than 84 square feet (7.8 m2) withneither width nor height exceeding 12 feet (3658 mm).

408.14 Safety padding. Padding material used on walls,floors and ceilings in Group I and R-2.1 occupancies shall beof an approved type tested in accordance with the proceduresestablished by State Fire Marshal Standard 12-8-100, RoomFire Test for Wall and Ceiling Materials, California Code ofRegulations, Title 24, Part 12.

408.15 Small management yards.

408.15.1 General. The provisions of Sections 408.15.1through 408.15.4 shall apply to small managementyards. Small management yards may be used by a max-imum of two occupants at any one time for a maximumof 2 hours per day.

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408.15.2 Construction. Small management yards shallbe constructed in accordance with all of the following:

1. Constructed of Type IB noncombustible materi-als.

2. Fence material shall be noncombustible.

3. Have a maximum area of 150 square feet (14 m2).

4. Yard area covering shall not exceed 75 squarefeet (7 m2) or a maximum of 50 percent of thefenced enclosure.

5. Electrical lighting or devices of any type shall notbe permitted within the yard.

Exception: Low voltage devices dedicated for theoperation of toilets.

408.15.3 Fire protection system provisions.

408.15.3.1 Automatic sprinkler systems. An automaticsprinkler system shall be provided in accordance with Sec-tion 903.1.1

Exception: Small management yards where a distanceof 10 feet (3048 mm) is maintained from all buildingsor structures and 4 feet (1220 mm) is maintained fromcontainment fencing.

408.15.3.2 Fire alarm systems. An approved fire alarmsystem shall be provided in accordance with Section 907.

Exception: Small management yards where a dis-tance of 10 feet (3048 mm) is maintained from allbuildings or structures and 4 feet (1220 mm) ismaintained from containment fencing.

408.15.4 Means of egress. Except as modified or as pro-vided for in this section, the provisions of Section 408.3and Chapter 10 shall apply. Small management yardsshall comply with all of the following:

1. Staff-controlled manual released locks shall be pro-vided.

2. Staff escorting inmates to and from small manage-ment yards shall be equipped with radios and per-sonal alarms to notify central control in case of afire.

3. The safe dispersal area as defined by Section 1027.6shall not be reduced due to placement of theseyards.

4. An exit, remote from the main entrance is requiredin the containment fencing.

408.15.5 Secial provisions. Inmate exercise clothing andtoilet paper tissue shall be the only combustibles materialspermitted in small management yards.

SECTION 409MOTION PICTURE PROJECTION ROOMS

409.1 General. The provisions of Sections 409.1 through409.5 shall apply to rooms in which ribbon-type celluloseacetate or other safety film is utilized in conjunction withelectric arc, xenon or other light-source projection equipmentthat develops hazardous gases, dust or radiation. Where cellu-

lose nitrate film is utilized or stored, such rooms shall complywith NFPA 40.

409.1.1 Projection room required. Every motion picturemachine projecting film as mentioned within the scope ofthis section shall be enclosed in a projection room. Appur-tenant electrical equipment, such as rheostats, transform-ers and generators, shall be within the projection room orin an adjacent room of equivalent construction.

409.2 Construction of projection rooms. Every projectionroom shall be of permanent construction consistent with theconstruction requirements for the type of building in whichthe projection room is located. Openings are not required tobe protected.

The room shall have a floor area of not less than 80 squarefeet (7.44 m2) for a single machine and not less than 40square feet (3.7 m2) for each additional machine. Each motionpicture projector, floodlight, spotlight or similar piece ofequipment shall have a clear working space of not less than30 inches by 30 inches (762 mm by 762 mm) on each sideand at the rear thereof, but only one such space shall berequired between two adjacent projectors. The projectionroom and the rooms appurtenant thereto shall have a ceilingheight of not less than 7 feet 6 inches (2286 mm). The aggre-gate of openings for projection equipment shall not exceed 25percent of the area of the wall between the projection roomand the auditorium. Openings shall be provided with glass orother approved material, so as to close completely the open-ing.

409.3 Projection room and equipment ventilation. Ventila-tion shall be provided in accordance with the CaliforniaMechanical Code.

409.3.1 Supply air. Each projection room shall be pro-vided with adequate air supply inlets so arranged as to pro-vide well-distributed air throughout the room. Air inletducts shall provide an amount of air equivalent to theamount of air being exhausted by projection equipment.Air is permitted to be taken from the outside; from adja-cent spaces within the building, provided the volume andinfiltration rate is sufficient; or from the building air-con-ditioning system, provided it is so arranged as to providesufficient air when other systems are not in operation.

409.3.2 Exhaust air. Projection rooms are permitted to beexhausted through the lamp exhaust system. The lampexhaust system shall be positively interconnected with thelamp so that the lamp will not operate unless there is therequired airflow. Exhaust air ducts shall terminate at theexterior of the building in such a location that the exhaustair cannot be readily recirculated into any air supply sys-tem. The projection room ventilation system is permittedto also serve appurtenant rooms, such as the generator andrewind rooms.

409.3.3 Projection machines. Each projection machineshall be provided with an exhaust duct that will draw airfrom each lamp and exhaust it directly to the outside of thebuilding. The lamp exhaust is permitted to serve toexhaust air from the projection room to provide room aircirculation. Such ducts shall be of rigid materials, exceptfor a flexible connector approved for the purpose. The pro-




jection lamp or projection room exhaust system, or both, ispermitted to be combined but shall not be interconnectedwith any other exhaust or return system, or both, withinthe building.

409.4 Lighting control. Provisions shall be made for controlof the auditorium lighting and the means of egress lightingsystems of theaters from inside the projection room and fromnot less than one other convenient point in the building.

409.5 Miscellaneous equipment. Each projection room shallbe provided with rewind and film storage facilities.

SECTION 410STAGES, PLATFORMS AND

TECHNICAL PRODUCTION AREAS

410.1 Applicability. The provisions of Sections 410.1through 410.8 shall apply to all parts of buildings and struc-tures that contain stages or platforms and similar appurte-nances as herein defined.


PLATFORM.

PROCENIUM WALL.

STAGE.

TECHNICAL PRODUCTION AREA.

410.3 Stages. Stage construction shall comply with Sections410.3.1 through 410.3.8.

410.3.1 Stage construction. Stages shall be constructed ofmaterials as required for floors for the type of constructionof the building in which such stages are located.

Exception: Stages need not be constructed of the samematerials as required for the type of construction pro-vided the construction complies with one of the follow-ing:

1. Stages of Type IIB or IV construction with anominal 2-inch (51 mm) wood deck, providedthat the stage is separated from other areas inaccordance with Section 410.3.4.

2. In buildings of Type IIA, IIIA and VA construc-tion, a fire-resistance-rated floor is not required,provided the space below the stage is equippedwith an automatic sprinkler system or fire-extin-guishing system in accordance with Section 903or 904.

3. In all types of construction, the finished floorshall be constructed of wood or approved non-combustible materials. Openings through stagefloors shall be equipped with tight-fitting, solidwood trap doors with approved safety locks.

410.3.1.1 Stage height and area. Stage areas shall bemeasured to include the entire performance area andadjacent backstage and support areas not separatedfrom the performance area by fire-resistance-rated con-struction. Stage height shall be measured from the low-

est point on the stage floor to the highest point of theroof or floor deck above the stage.

410.3.2 Technical production areas: galleries, gridironsand catwalks. Beams designed only for the attachment ofportable or fixed theater equipment, gridirons, galleriesand catwalks shall be constructed of approved materialsconsistent with the requirements for the type of construc-tion of the building; and a fire-resistance rating shall notbe required. These areas shall not be considered to befloors, stories, mezzanines or levels in applying this code.

Exception: Floors of fly galleries and catwalks shall beconstructed of any approved material.

410.3.3 Exterior stage doors. Where protection of open-ings is required, exterior exit doors shall be protected withfire door assemblies that comply with Section 716. Exte-rior openings that are located on the stage for means ofegress or loading and unloading purposes, and that arelikely to be open during occupancy of the theater, shall beconstructed with vestibules to prevent air drafts into theauditorium.

410.3.4 Proscenium wall. Where the stage height isgreater than 50 feet (15 240 mm), all portions of the stageshall be completely separated from the seating area by aproscenium wall with not less than a 2-hour fire-resistancerating extending continuously from the foundation to theroof.

410.3.5 Proscenium curtain. Where a proscenium wall isrequired to have a fire-resistance rating, the stage openingshall be provided with a fire curtain complying withNFPA 80 or an approved water curtain complying withSection 903.3.1.1 or, in facilities not utilizing the provi-sions of smoke-protected assembly seating in accordancewith Section 1028.6.2, a smoke control system complyingwith Section 909 or natural ventilation designed to main-tain the smoke level not less than 6 feet (1829 mm) abovethe floor of the means of egress.

410.3.6 Scenery. Combustible materials used in sets andscenery shall meet the fire propagation performance crite-ria of NFPA 701, in accordance with Section 806 and theCalifornia Fire Code. Foam plastics and materials con-taining foam plastics shall comply with Section 2603 andthe California Fire Code.

410.3.7 Stage ventilation. Emergency ventilation shall beprovided for stages larger than 1,000 square feet (93 m2) infloor area, or with a stage height greater than 50 feet (15240 mm). Such ventilation shall comply with Section410.3.7.1 or 410.3.7.2.

410.3.7.1 Roof vents. Two or more vents constructedto open automatically by approved heat-activateddevices and with an aggregate clear opening area of notless than 5 percent of the area of the stage shall belocated near the center and above the highest part of thestage area. Supplemental means shall be provided formanual operation of the ventilator. Curbs shall be pro-vided as required for skylights in Section 2610.2. Ventsshall be labeled.




[F] 410.3.7.2 Smoke control. Smoke control in accor-dance with Section 909 shall be provided to maintainthe smoke layer interface not less than 6 feet (1829mm) above the highest level of the assembly seating orabove the top of the proscenium opening where a pro-scenium wall is provided in compliance with Section410.3.4.

410.4 Platform construction. Permanent platforms shall beconstructed of materials as required for the type of construc-tion of the building in which the permanent platform islocated. Permanent platforms are permitted to be constructedof fire-retardant-treated wood for Types I, II and IV construc-tion where the platforms are not more than 30 inches (762mm) above the main floor, and not more than one-third of theroom floor area and not more than 3,000 square feet (279 m2)in area. Where the space beneath the permanent platform isused for storage or any purpose other than equipment, wiringor plumbing, the floor assembly shall be not less than 1-hourfire-resistance-rated construction. Where the space beneaththe permanent platform is used only for equipment, wiring orplumbing, the underside of the permanent platform need notbe protected.

410.4.1 Temporary platforms. Platforms installed for aperiod of not more than 30 days are permitted to be con-structed of any materials permitted by the code. The spacebetween the floor and the platform above shall only beused for plumbing and electrical wiring to platform equip-ment.

410.5 Dressing and appurtenant rooms. Dressing andappurtenant rooms shall comply with Sections 410.5.1 and410.5.2.

410.5.1 Separation from stage. The stage shall be sepa-rated from dressing rooms, scene docks, property rooms,workshops, storerooms and compartments appurtenant tothe stage and other parts of the building by fire barriersconstructed in accordance with Section 707 or horizontalassemblies constructed in accordance with Section 711, orboth. The fire-resistance rating shall be not less than 2hours for stage heights greater than 50 feet (15 240 mm)and not less than 1 hour for stage heights of 50 feet (15240 mm) or less.

410.5.2 Separation from each other. Dressing rooms,scene docks, property rooms, workshops, storerooms andcompartments appurtenant to the stage shall be separatedfrom each other by not less than 1-hour fire barriers con-structed in accordance with Section 707 or horizontalassemblies constructed in accordance with Section 711, orboth.

410.6 Means of egress. Except as modified or as providedfor in this section, the provisions of Chapter 10 shall apply.

410.6.1 Arrangement. Where two or more exits or exitaccess doorways from the stage are required in accordancewith Section 1015.1, no fewer than one exit or exit accessdoorway shall be provided on each side of a stage.

410.6.2 Stairway and ramp enclosure. Exit access stair-ways and ramps serving a stage or platform are not

required to be enclosed. Exit access stairways servingtechnical production areas are not required to be enclosed.

410.6.3 Technical production areas. Technical produc-tion areas shall be provided with means of egress andmeans of escape in accordance with Sections 410.6.3.1through 410.6.3.5.

410.6.3.1 Means of egress. No fewer than one meansof egress shall be provided from technical productionareas.

410.6.3.2 Travel distance. The length of exit accesstravel shall be not greater than 300 feet (91 440 mm)for buildings without a sprinkler system and 400 feet(121 900 mm) for buildings equipped throughout withan automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Sec-tion 903.3.1.1.

410.6.3.3 Two means of egress. Where two means ofegress are required, the common path of travel shall benot greater than 100 feet (30 480 mm).

Exception: A means of escape to a roof in place ofa second means of egress is permitted.

410.6.3.4 Path of egress travel. The following exitaccess components are permitted where serving techni-cal production areas:

1. Stairways.

2. Ramps.

3. Spiral stairways.

4. Catwalks.

5. Alternating tread devices.

6. Permanent ladders.

410.6.3.5 Width. The path of egress travel within andfrom technical support areas shall be not less than 22inches (559 mm).

[F] 410.7 Automatic sprinkler system. Stages shall beequipped with an automatic sprinkler system in accordancewith Section 903.3.1.1. Sprinklers shall be installed underthe roof and gridiron and under all catwalks and galleriesover the stage. Sprinklers shall be installed in dressingrooms, performer lounges, shops and storerooms accessory tosuch stages.

Exceptions:

1. Sprinklers are not required under stage areas lessthan 4 feet (1219 mm) in clear height that are uti-lized exclusively for storage of tables and chairs,provided the concealed space is separated from theadjacent spaces by not Type X gypsum board notless than 5/8-inch (15.9 mm) in thickness.

2. Sprinklers are not required for stages 1,000 squarefeet (93 m2) or less in area and 50 feet (15 240 mm)or less in height where curtains, scenery or othercombustible hangings are not retractable vertically.Combustible hangings shall be limited to a singlemain curtain, borders, legs and a single backdrop.

3. Sprinklers are not required within portable orchestraenclosures on stages.

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[F] 410.8 Standpipes. Standpipe systems shall be providedin accordance with Section 905.

SECTION 411SPECIAL AMUSEMENT BUILDINGS

411.1 General. Special amusement buildings having anoccupant load of 50 or more shall comply with the require-ments for the appropriate Group A occupancy and Sections411.1 through 411.8. Amusement buildings having an occu-pant load of less than 50 shall comply with the requirementsfor a Group B occupancy and Sections 411.1 through 411.8.

Exception: Amusement buildings or portions thereof thatare without walls or a roof and constructed to prevent theaccumulation of smoke need not comply with this section.

For flammable decorative materials, see the CaliforniaFire Code.

411.2 Definition. The following term is defined in Chapter2:

SPECIAL AMUSEMENT BUILDING.

[F] 411.3 Automatic fire detection. Special amusementbuildings shall be equipped with an automatic fire detectionsystem in accordance with Section 907.

[F] 411.4 Automatic sprinkler system. Special amusementbuildings shall be equipped throughout with an automaticsprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.Where the special amusement building is temporary, thesprinkler water supply shall be of an approved temporarymeans.

Exception: Automatic sprinklers are not required wherethe total floor area of a temporary special amusementbuilding is less than 1,000 square feet (93 m2) and thetravel distance from any point to an exit is less than 50 feet(15 240 mm).

[F] 411.5 Alarm. Actuation of a single smoke detector, theautomatic sprinkler system or other automatic fire detectiondevice shall immediately sound an alarm at the building at aconstantly attended location from which emergency actioncan be initiated including the capability of manual initiationof requirements in Section 907.2.12.2.

[F] 411.6 Emergency voice/alarm communications sys-tem. An emergency voice/alarm communications systemshall be provided in accordance with Sections 907.2.12 and907.5.2.2, which is also permitted to serve as a public addresssystem and shall be audible throughout the entire specialamusement building.

411.7 Exit marking. Exit signs shall be installed at therequired exit or exit access doorways of amusement buildingsin accordance with this section and Section 1011. Approveddirectional exit markings shall also be provided. Where mir-rors, mazes or other designs are utilized that disguise the pathof egress travel such that they are not apparent, approved andlisted low-level exit signs that comply with Section 1011.5,and directional path markings listed in accordance with UL1994, shall be provided and located not more than 8 inches(203 mm) above the walking surface and on or near the path

of egress travel. Such markings shall become visible in anemergency. The directional exit marking shall be activated bythe automatic fire detection system and the automatic sprin-kler system in accordance with Section 907.2.12.2.

411.7.1 Photo luminescent exit signs. Where photo lumi-nescent exit signs are installed, activating light source andviewing distance shall be in accordance with the listingand markings of the signs.

411.8 Interior finish. The interior finish shall be Class A inaccordance with Section 803.1.

SECTION 412AIRCRAFT-RELATED OCCUPANCIES

412.1 General. Aircraft-related occupancies shall complywith Sections 412.1 through 412.7 and the California FireCode.


FIXED BASE OPERATOR (FBO).

HELIPORT.

HELISTOP.

RESIDENTIAL AIRCRAFT HANGAR.

TRANSIENT AIRCRAFT.

412.3 Airport traffic control towers. The provisions of Sec-tions 412.3.1 through 412.3.5 shall apply to airport trafficcontrol towers not exceeding 1,500 square feet (140 m2) perfloor occupied only for the following uses:

1. Airport traffic control cab.

2. Electrical and mechanical equipment rooms.

3. Airport terminal radar and electronics rooms.

4. Office spaces incidental to the tower operation.

5. Lounges for employees, including sanitary facilities.

412.3.1 Type of construction. Airport traffic control tow-ers shall be constructed to comply with the height and arealimitations of Table 412.3.2.

TABLE 412.3.1HEIGHT AND AREA LIMITATIONS FOR AIRPORT TRAFFIC

CONTROL TOWERS

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2.a. Height to be measured from grade plane to cab floor.

412.3.2 Egress. Not less than one exit stairway shall bepermitted for airport traffic control towers of any heightprovided that the occupant load per floor is not greaterthan 15. The stairway shall conform to the requirementsof Section 1009. The stairway shall be separated from ele-

TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION HEIGHTa

(feet)MAXIMUM AREA

(square feet)

IA Unlimited 1,500

IB 240 1,500

IIA 100 1,500

IIB 85 1,500

IIIA 65 1,500




vators by a distance of not less than one-half of the diago-nal of the area served measured in a straight line. The exitstairway and elevator hoistway are permitted to be locatedin the same shaft enclosure, provided they are separatedfrom each other by a 4-hour fire barrier having no open-ings. Such stairway shall be pressurized to not less than0.15 inch of water column (43 Pa) and not greater than0.35 inch of water column (101 Pa) in the shaft relative tothe building with stairway doors closed. Stairways neednot extend to the roof as specified in Section 1009.16. Theprovisions of Section 403 do not apply.

Exception: Smokeproof enclosures as set forth in Sec-tion 1022.10 are not required where required stairwaysare pressurized.

[F] 412.3.3 Automatic fire detection systems. Airporttraffic control towers shall be provided with an automaticfire detection system installed in accordance with Section907.2.

[F] 412.3.4 Standby power. A standby power system thatconforms to Chapter 27 shall be provided in airport trafficcontrol towers more than 65 feet (19 812 mm) in height.Power shall be provided to the following equipment:

1. Pressurization equipment, mechanical equipmentand lighting.

2. Elevator operating equipment.

3. Fire alarm and smoke detection systems.

412.3.5 Accessibility. [DSA-AC] In air traffic controltowers, an accessible route shall not be required to servethe cab and the equipment areas on the floor immediatelybelow the cab.

412.4 Aircraft hangars. Aircraft hangars shall be in accor-dance with Sections 412.4.1 through 412.4.6.

412.4.1 Exterior walls. Exterior walls located less than 30feet (9144 mm) from lot lines or a public way shall have afire-resistance rating not less than 2 hours.

412.4.2 Basements. Where hangars have basements,floors over basements shall be of Type IA constructionand shall be made tight against seepage of water, oil orvapors. There shall be no opening or communicationbetween basements and the hangar. Access to basementsshall be from outside only.

412.4.3 Floor surface. Floors shall be graded and drainedto prevent water or fuel from remaining on the floor. Floordrains shall discharge through an oil separator to the seweror to an outside vented sump.

Exception: Aircraft hangars with individual leasespaces not exceeding 2,000 square feet (186 m2) each inwhich servicing, repairing or washing is not conductedand fuel is not dispensed shall have floors that aregraded toward the door, but shall not require a separa-tor.

412.4.4 Heating equipment. Heating equipment shall beplaced in another room separated by 2-hour fire barriersconstructed in accordance with Section 707 or horizontalassemblies constructed in accordance with Section 711, or

both. Entrance shall be from the outside or by means of avestibule providing a two-doorway separation.

Exceptions:

1. Unit heaters and vented infrared radiant heatingequipment suspended not less than 10 feet (3048mm) above the upper surface of wings or engineenclosures of the highest aircraft that are permit-ted to be housed in the hangar need not be locatedin a separate room provided they are mounted notless than 8 feet (2438 mm) above the floor inshops, offices and other sections of the hangarcommunicating with storage or service areas.

2. Entrance to the separated room shall be permittedby a single interior door provided the sources ofignition in the appliances are not less than 18inches (457 mm) above the floor.

412.4.5 Finishing. The process of “doping,” involving useof a volatile flammable solvent, or of painting, shall becarried on in a separate detached building equipped withautomatic fire-extinguishing equipment in accordancewith Section 903.

[F] 412.4.6 Fire suppression. Aircraft hangars shall beprovided with a fire suppression system designed in accor-dance with NFPA 409, based upon the classification forthe hangar given in Table 412.4.6.

Exception: Where a fixed base operator has separaterepair facilities on site, Group II hangars operated by afixed base operator used for storage of transient aircraftonly shall have a fire suppression system, but the sys-tem is exempt from foam requirements.

[F] 412.4.6.1 Hazardous operations. Any Group IIIaircraft hangar according to Table 412.4.6 that containshazardous operations including, but not limited to, thefollowing shall be provided with a Group I or II firesuppression system in accordance with NFPA 409 asapplicable:

1. Doping.

2. Hot work including, but not limited to, welding,torch cutting and torch soldering.

3. Fuel transfer.

4. Fuel tank repair or maintenance not includingdefueled tanks in accordance with NFPA 409,inerted tanks or tanks that have never beenfueled.

5. Spray finishing operations.

6. Total fuel capacity of all aircraft within theunsprinklered single fire area in excess of 1,600gallons (6057 L).

7. Total fuel capacity of all aircraft within the maxi-mum single fire area in excess of 7,500 gallons(28 390 L) for a hangar with an automatic sprin-kler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

04_CA_Bldg_2013.fm Page 134 Wednesday, June 12, 2013 7:55 AM



[F] 412.4.6.2 Separation of maximum single fireareas. Maximum single fire areas established in accor-dance with hangar classification and construction typein Table 412.4.6 shall be separated by 2-hour fire wallsconstructed in accordance with Section 706. In deter-mining the maximum single fire area as set forth inTable 412.4.6, ancillary uses which are separated fromaircraft servicing areas by a fire barrier of not less thanone hour, constructed in accordance with Section 707shall not be included in the area.

412.5 Residential aircraft hangars. Residential aircraft han-gars shall comply with Sections 412.5.1 through 412.5.5.

412.5.1 Fire separation. A hangar shall not be attached toa dwelling unless separated by a fire barrier having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 hour. Such separationshall be continuous from the foundation to the undersideof the roof and unpierced except for doors leading to thedwelling unit. Doors into the dwelling unit shall beequipped with self-closing devices and conform to therequirements of Section 716 with a noncombustible raisedsill not less than 4 inches (102 mm) in height. Openingsfrom a hanger directly into a room used for sleeping pur-poses shall not be permitted.

412.5.2 Egress. A hangar shall provide two means ofegress. One of the doors into the dwelling shall be consid-ered as meeting only one of the two means of egress.

[F] 412.5.3 Smoke alarms. Smoke alarms shall be pro-vided within the hangar in accordance with Section907.2.21.

412.5.4 Independent systems. Electrical, mechanical andplumbing drain, waste and vent (DWV) systems installedwithin the hangar shall be independent of the systemsinstalled within the dwelling. Building sewer lines shall bepermitted to be connected outside the structures.

Exception: Smoke detector wiring and feed for electri-cal subpanels in the hangar.

412.5.5 Height and area limits. Residential aircraft han-gars shall be not greater than 2,000 square feet (186 m2) inarea and 20 feet (6096 mm) in building height.

[F] 412.6 Aircraft paint hangars. Aircraft painting operationswhere flammable liquids are used in excess of the maximumallowable quantities per control area listed in Table 307.1(1)shall be conducted in an aircraft paint hangar that complieswith the provisions of Sections 412.6.1 through 412.6.6.

[F] 412.6.1 Occupancy group. Aircraft paint hangarsshall be classified as Group H-2. Aircraft paint hangarsshall comply with the applicable requirements of this codeand the California Fire Code for such occupancy.

412.6.2 Construction. The aircraft paint hangar shall beof Type I or II construction.

[F] 412.6.3 Operations. Only those flammable liquidsnecessary for painting operations shall be permitted inquantities less than the maximum allowable quantities percontrol area in Table 307.1(1). Spray equipment cleaningoperations shall be conducted in a liquid use, dispensingand mixing room.

[F] 412.6.4 Storage. Storage of flammable liquids shall bein a liquid storage room.

[F] 412.6.5 Fire suppression. Aircraft paint hangars shallbe provided with fire suppression as required by NFPA409.

[F] 412.6.6 Ventilation. Aircraft paint hangars shall beprovided with ventilation as required in the CaliforniaMechanical Code.

[F] 412.7 Heliports and helistops. Heliports and helistopsshall be permitted to be erected on buildings or other loca-tions where they are constructed in accordance with Sections412.7.1 through 412.7.5.

[F] 412.7.1 Size. The landing area for helicopters less than3,500 pounds (1588 kg) shall be not less than 20 feet(6096 mm) in length and width. The landing area shall be

[F] TABLE 412.4.6HANGAR FIRE SUPPRESSION REQUIREMENTSa,b,c

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2.a. Aircraft hangars with a door height greater than 28 feet shall be provided with fire suppression for a Group I hangar regardless of maximum fire area.b. Groups shall be as classified in accordance with NFPA 409.c. Membrane structures complying with Section 3102 shall be classified as a Group IV hangar.

MAXIMUM SINGLE FIRE AREA

(square feet)

TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION

IA IB IIA IIB IIIA IIIB IV VA VB

≥ 40,001 Group I Group I Group I Group I Group I Group I Group I Group I Group I

40,000 Group II Group II Group II Group II Group II Group II Group II Group II Group II

30,000 Group III Group II Group II Group II Group II Group II Group II Group II Group II

20,000 Group III Group III Group II Group II Group II Group II Group II Group II Group II

15,000 Group III Group III Group III Group II Group III Group II Group III Group II Group II

12,000 Group III Group III Group III Group III Group III Group III Group III Group II Group II

8,000 Group III Group III Group III Group III Group III Group III Group III Group III Group II

5,000 Group III Group III Group III Group III Group III Group III Group III Group III Group III




surrounded on all sides by a clear area having a minimumaverage width at roof level of 15 feet (4572 mm) but withno width less than 5 feet (1524 mm).

[F] 412.7.2 Design. Helicopter landing areas and the sup-ports thereof on the roof of a building shall be noncombus-tible construction. Landing areas shall be designed toconfine any flammable liquid spillage to the landing areaitself and provisions shall be made to drain such spillageaway from any exit or stairway serving the helicopter land-ing area or from a structure housing such exit or stairway.For structural design requirements, see Section 1605.4.

[F] 412.7.3 Means of egress. The means of egress fromheliports and helistops shall comply with the provisions ofChapter 10. Landing areas located on buildings or struc-tures shall have two or more means of egress. For landingareas less than 60 feet (18 288 mm) in length or less than2,000 square feet (186 m2) in area, the second means ofegress is permitted to be a fire escape, alternating treaddevice or ladder leading to the floor below.

[F] 412.7.4 Rooftop heliports and helistops. Rooftopheliports and helistops shall comply with NFPA 418.

[F] 412.7.5 Standpipe system. In buildings equippedwith a standpipe system, the standpipe shall extend to theroof level in accordance with Section 905.3.6.

SECTION 413COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE

413.1 General. High-piled stock or rack storage in any occu-pancy group shall comply with the California Fire Code.

413.2 Attic, under-floor and concealed spaces. Attic,under-floor and concealed spaces used for storage of combus-tible materials shall be protected on the storage side asrequired for 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction. Open-ings shall be protected by assemblies that are self-closing andare of noncombustible construction or solid wood core notless than 13/4 inch (45 mm) in thickness.

Exception: Neither fire resistant construction nor openprotectives are required in any of the following locations:

1. Areas protected by approved automatic sprinklersystems.

2. Group R-3 and U occupancies.

SECTION 414HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

[F] 414.1 General. The provisions of Sections 414.1 through414.7 shall apply to buildings and structures occupied for themanufacturing, processing, dispensing, use or storage of haz-ardous materials.

[F] 414.1.1 Other provisions. Buildings and structureswith an occupancy in Group H shall comply with this sec-tion and the applicable provisions of Section 415 and theCalifornia Fire Code. For Group L occupancies see Sec-tion 443.

[F] 414.1.2 Materials. The safe design of hazardous mate-rial occupancies is material dependent. Individual material

requirements are also found in Sections 307 and 415, andin the California Mechanical Code and the California FireCode.

[F] 414.1.2.1 Aerosols. Level 2 and 3 aerosol productsshall be stored and displayed in accordance with theCalifornia Fire Code. See Section 311.2 and the Cali-fornia Fire Code for occupancy group requirements.

[F] 414.1.3 Information required. A report shall be sub-mitted to the building official identifying the maximumexpected quantities of hazardous materials to be stored,used in a closed system and used in an open system, andsubdivided to separately address hazardous material clas-sification categories based on Tables 307.1(1) and307.1(2). The methods of protection from such hazards,including but not limited to control areas, fire protectionsystems and Group H occupancies shall be indicated in thereport and on the construction documents. The opinionand report shall be prepared by a qualified person, firm orcorporation approved by the building official and providedwithout charge to the enforcing agency.

For buildings and structures with an occupancy inGroup H, separate floor plans shall be submitted identify-ing the locations of anticipated contents and processes soas to reflect the nature of each occupied portion of everybuilding and structure.

[F] 414.2 Control areas. Control areas shall comply with Sec-tions 414.2.1 through 414.2.5 and the California Fire Code.

[F] 414.2.1 Construction requirements. Control areasshall be separated from each other by fire barriers con-structed in accordance with Section 707 or horizontalassemblies constructed in accordance with Section 711, orboth.

[F] 414.2.2 Percentage of maximum allowable quanti-ties. The percentage of maximum allowable quantities ofhazardous materials per control area permitted at eachfloor level within a building shall be in accordance withTable 414.2.2.

[F] 414.2.3 Number. The maximum number of controlareas within a building shall be in accordance with Table414.2.2.

[F] 414.2.4 Fire-resistance-rating requirements. Therequired fire-resistance rating for fire barriers shall be inaccordance with Table 414.2.2. The floor assembly of thecontrol area and the construction supporting the floor ofthe control area shall have a fire-resistance rating of notless than 2 hours.

Exception: The floor assembly of the control area andthe construction supporting the floor of the control areaare allowed to be 1-hour fire-resistance rated in build-ings of Types IIA, IIIA and VA construction, providedthat both of the following conditions exist:

1. The building is equipped throughout with anautomatic sprinkler system in accordance withSection 903.3.1.1; and

2. The building is three or fewer stories above gradeplane.




[F] 414.2.5 Hazardous material in Group M displayand storage areas and in Group S storage areas. Theaggregate quantity of nonflammable solid and nonflamma-ble or noncombustible liquid hazardous materials permit-ted within a single control area of a Group M display andstorage area, a Group S storage area or an outdoor controlarea is permitted to exceed the maximum allowable quan-tities per control area specified in Tables 307.1(1) and307.1(2) without classifying the building or use as a GroupH occupancy, provided that the materials are displayedand stored in accordance with the California Fire Codeand quantities do not exceed the maximum allowablespecified in Table 414.2.5(1).

In Group M occupancy wholesale and retail sales uses,indoor storage of flammable and combustible liquids shallnot exceed the maximum allowable quantities per controlarea as indicated in Table 414.2.5(2), provided that thematerials are displayed and stored in accordance with theCalifornia Fire Code.

The maximum quantity of aerosol products in Group Moccupancy retail display areas, storage areas adjacent toretail display areas and retail storage areas shall be inaccordance with the California Fire Code.

[F] 414.3 Ventilation. Rooms, areas or spaces of Group H inwhich explosive, corrosive, combustible, flammable orhighly toxic dusts, mists, fumes, vapors or gases are or maybe emitted due to the processing, use, handling or storage ofmaterials shall be mechanically ventilated as required by theCalifornia Fire Code and the California Mechanical Code.

Ducts conveying explosives or flammable vapors, fumesor dusts shall extend directly to the exterior of the buildingwithout entering other spaces. Exhaust ducts shall not extendinto or through ducts and plenums.

Exception: Ducts conveying vapor or fumes having flam-mable constituents less than 25 percent of their lowerflammable limit (LFL) are permitted to pass through otherspaces.

Emissions generated at workstations shall be confined tothe area in which they are generated as specified in the Cali-fornia Fire Code and the California Mechanical Code.

The location of supply and exhaust openings shall be inaccordance with the California Mechanical Code. Exhaust aircontaminated by highly toxic material shall be treated inaccordance with the California Fire Code.

A manual shutoff control for ventilation equipmentrequired by this section shall be provided outside the roomadjacent to the principal access door to the room. The switchshall be of the break-glass type and shall be labeled: VENTI-LATION SYSTEM EMERGENCY SHUTOFF.

[F] 414.4 Hazardous material systems. Systems involvinghazardous materials shall be suitable for the intended applica-tion. Controls shall be designed to prevent materials fromentering or leaving process or reaction systems at other thanthe intended time, rate or path. Automatic controls, whereprovided, shall be designed to be fail safe.

[F] 414.5 Inside storage, dispensing and use. The insidestorage, dispensing and use of hazardous materials shall be inaccordance with Sections 414.5.1 through 414.5.4 of thiscode and the California Fire Code.

[F] 414.5.1 Explosion control. Explosion control shall beprovided in accordance with the California Fire Code asrequired by Table 414.5.1 where quantities of hazardousmaterials specified in that table exceed the maximumallowable quantities in Table 307.1(1) or where a struc-ture, room or space is occupied for purposes involvingexplosion hazards as required by Section 415 or the Cali-fornia Fire Code.

[F] 414.5.2 Monitor control equipment. Monitor controlequipment shall be provided where required by the Cali-fornia Fire Code.

[F] 414.5.3 Emergency or standby power. Wheremechanical ventilation, treatment systems, temperaturecontrol, alarm, detection or other electrically operated sys-tems are required by the California Fire Code or this code,

�

[F] TABLE 414.2.2DESIGN AND NUMBER OF CONTROL AREAS

a. Percentages shall be of the maximum allowable quantity per control area shown in Tables 307.1(1) and 307.1(2), with all increases allowed in the notes tothose tables.

b. Separation shall include fire barriers and horizontal assemblies as necessary to provide separation from other portions of the building.

FLOOR LEVEL PERCENTAGE OF THE MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREAa

NUMBER OF CONTROL AREAS PER FLOOR

FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING FOR FIRE BARRIERS IN HOURSb

Above grade plane

Higher than 97-9654321

55

12.512.512.55075100

12222234

22222111

Below grade plane

12

Lower than 2

7550

Not Allowed

32

Not Allowed

11

Not Allowed




such systems shall be provided with an emergency orstandby power system in accordance with Chapter 27.

Exceptions:

1. Emergency or standby power are not required forthe following storage areas:

1.1. Mechanical ventilation for storage ofClass IB and Class IC flammable andcombustible liquids in closed containersnot exceeding 6.5 gallons (25 L) capacity.

1.2. Storage areas for Class 1 and 2 oxidizers.

1.3. Storage areas for Class II, III, IV and Vorganic peroxides.

1.4. Storage, use and handling areas forasphyxiant, irritant and radioactive gases.

1.5. For storage, use and handling areas forhighly toxic or toxic materials, see Sec-tions 6004.2.2.8 and 6004.3.4.2 of theCalifornia Fire Code.

2. Standby power for mechanical ventilation, treat-ment systems and temperature control systemsshall not be required where an approved fail-safeengineered system is installed.

[F] 414.5.4 Spill control, drainage and containment.Rooms, buildings or areas occupied for the storage of solidand liquid hazardous materials shall be provided with ameans to control spillage and to contain or drain off spill-age and fire protection water discharged in the storage areawhere required in the California Fire Code. The methodsof spill control shall be in accordance with the CaliforniaFire Code.

[F] TABLE 414.2.5(1) MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER INDOOR AND OUTDOOR CONTROL AREA IN GROUP M AND S OCCUPANCIES

NONFLAMMABLE SOLIDS AND NONFLAMMABLE AND NONCOMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDSd,e,f

For SI: 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 gallon = 3.785 L.a. Hazard categories are as specified in the California Fire Code.b. Maximum allowable quantities shall be increased 100 percent in buildings that are sprinklered in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. When Note c also

applies, the increase for both notes shall be applied accumulatively.c. Maximum allowable quantities shall be increased 100 percent when stored in approved storage cabinets, in accordance with the California Fire Code. When

Note b also applies, the increase for both notes shall be applied accumulatively.d. See Table 414.2.2 for design and number of control areas.e. Allowable quantities for other hazardous material categories shall be in accordance with Section 307.f. Maximum quantities shall be increased 100 percent in outdoor control areas.g. Maximum amounts are permitted to be increased to 2,250 pounds when individual packages are in the original sealed containers from the manufacturer or

packager and do not exceed 10 pounds each.h. Maximum amounts are permitted to be increased to 4,500 pounds when individual packages are in the original sealed containers from the manufacturer or

packager and do not exceed 10 pounds each.i. The permitted quantities shall not be limited in a building equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.j. Quantities are unlimited in an outdoor control area.

CONDITION MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA

Materiala Class Solidspounds

Liquidsgallons

A. Health-hazard materials—nonflammable and noncombustible solids and liquids

1. Corrosivesb,c Not Applicable 9,750 975

2. Highly toxics Not Applicable 20b,c 2b,c

3. Toxicsb,c Not Applicable 1,000 100

B. Physical-hazard materials—nonflammable and noncombustible solids and liquids

1. Oxidizersb,c

4 Not Allowed Not Allowed

3 1,150g 115

2 2,250h 225

1 18,000 i, j 1,800 i, j

2. Unstable (reactives)b,c

4 Not Allowed Not Allowed

3 550 55

2 1,150 115

1 Not Limited Not Limited

3. Water reactives

3b,c 550 55

2b,c 1,150 115

1 Not Limited Not Limited




414.5.5 Hazardous material handling. The handling ofhazardous materials shall be in accordance with Califor-nia Fire Code Section 2703.10.

[F] 414.6 Outdoor storage, dispensing and use. The out-door storage, dispensing and use of hazardous materials shallbe in accordance with the California Fire Code.

[F] 414.6.1 Weather protection. Where weather protec-tion is provided for sheltering outdoor hazardous materialstorage or use areas, such areas shall be considered out-door storage or use when the weather protection structurecomplies with Sections 414.6.1.1 through 414.6.1.3.

[F] 414.6.1.1 Walls. Walls shall not obstruct more thanone side of the structure.

Exception: Walls shall be permitted to obstruct por-tions of multiple sides of the structure, provided thatthe obstructed area is not greater than 25 percent ofthe structure’s perimeter.

[F] 414.6.1.2 Separation distance. The distance fromthe structure to buildings, lot lines, public ways ormeans of egress to a public way shall be not less thanthe distance required for an outside hazardous materialstorage or use area without weather protection.

[F] 414.6.1.3 Noncombustible construction. Theoverhead structure shall be of approved noncombusti-ble construction with a maximum area of 1,500 squarefeet (140 m2).

Exception: The maximum area is permitted to beincreased as provided by Section 506.

[F] 414.7 Emergency alarms. Emergency alarms for thedetection and notification of an emergency condition inGroup H occupancies shall be provided as set forth herein.

[F] 414.7.1 Storage. An approved manual emergencyalarm system shall be provided in buildings, rooms orareas used for storage of hazardous materials. Emergencyalarm-initiating devices shall be installed outside of each

interior exit or exit access door of storage buildings, roomsor areas. Activation of an emergency alarm-initiatingdevice shall sound a local alarm to alert occupants of anemergency situation involving hazardous materials.

[F] 414.7.2 Dispensing, use and handling. Where haz-ardous materials having a hazard ranking of 3 or 4 inaccordance with NFPA 704 are transported through corri-dors, interior exit stairways or ramps, or exit passagewaysthere shall be an emergency telephone system, a localmanual alarm station or an approved alarm-initiatingdevice at not more than 150-foot (45 720 mm) intervalsand at each exit and exit access doorway throughout thetransport route. The signal shall be relayed to an approvedcentral, proprietary or remote station service or constantlyattended on-site location and shall initiate a local audiblealarm.

[F] 414.7.3 Supervision. Emergency alarm systems shallbe supervised by an approved central, proprietary orremote station service or shall initiate an audible andvisual signal at a constantly attended on-site location.

SECTION 415GROUPS H-1, H-2, H-3, H-4 AND H-5


[F] 415.1 Scope. The provisions of Sections 415.1 through415.10 shall apply to the storage and use of hazardous materi-als in excess of the maximum allowable quantities per controlarea listed in Section 307.1. Buildings and structures with anoccupancy in Group H shall also comply with the applicableprovisions of Section 414 and the California Fire Code.

[F] 415.2 Definitions. The following terms are defined inChapter 2:

CONTINUOUS GAS DETECTION SYSTEM.

[F] TABLE 414.2.5(2)MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY OF FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE

LIQUIDS IN WHOLESALE AND RETAIL SALES OCCUPANCIES PER CONTROL AREAa

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 gallon per minute per square foot = 40.75 L/min/m2.a. Control areas shall be separated from each other by not less than a 1-hour fire barrier wall.b. To be considered as sprinklered, a building shall be equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system with a design providing minimum

densities as follows:

1. For uncartoned commodities on shelves 6 feet or less in height where the ceiling height does not exceed 18 feet, quantities are those permitted with aminimum sprinkler design density of Ordinary Hazard Group 2.

2. For cartoned, palletized or racked commodities where storage is 4 feet 6 inches or less in height and where the ceiling height does not exceed 18 feet,quantities are those permitted with a minimum sprinkler design density of 0.21 gallon per minute per square foot over the most remote 1,500-square-footarea.

c. Where wholesale and retail sales or storage areas exceed 50,000 square feet in area, the maximum allowable quantities are allowed to be increased by 2percent for each 1,000 square feet of area in excess of 50,000 square feet, up to a maximum of 100 percent of the table amounts. A control area separation isnot required. The cumulative amounts, including amounts attained by having an additional control area, shall not exceed 30,000 gallons.

TYPE OF LIQUID

MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA (gallons)

Sprinklered in accordance with note b densities and arrangements

Sprinklered in accordance with Tables 3404.3.6.3(4) through 3404.3.6.3(8) and Table 3404.3.7.5.1 of the

California Fire CodeNonsprinklered

Class IA 60 60 30

Class IB, IC, II and IIIA 7,500c 15,000c 1,600

Class IIIB Unlimited Unlimited 13,200




DETACHED BUILDING.

EMERGENCY CONTROL STATION.

EXHAUSTED ENCLOSURE.

FABRICATION AREA.

FLAMMABLE VAPORS OR FUMES.

GAS CABINET.

GASROOM.

HAZARDOUS PRODUCTION MATERIAL (HPM).

HPM FLAMMABLE LIQUID.

HPM ROOM.

IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS TO LIFE ANDHEALTH (IDLH).

LIQUID.

LIQUID STORAGE ROOM.

LIQUID USE, DISPENSING AND MIXING ROOM.

LOWER FLAMMABLE LIMIT (LFL).

NORMAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE (NTP).

PHYSIOLOGICAL WARNING THRESHOLD LEVEL.

SERVICE CORRIDOR.

SOLID.

[F] TABLE 414.5.1EXPLOSION CONTROL REQUIREMENTSa

a. See Section 414.1.3.b. See the California Fire Code.c. As generated during manufacturing or processing.d. Storage or use.e. In open use or dispensing.f. Rooms containing dispensing and use of hazardous materials when an explosive environment can occur because of the characteristics or nature of the

hazardous materials or as a result of the dispensing or use process.g. A method of explosion control shall be provided when Class 2 water-reactive materials can form potentially explosive mixtures.

MATERIAL CLASS

EXPLOSION CONTROL METHODS

Barricade constructionExplosion (deflagration) venting

or explosion (deflagration) prevention systemsb

HAZARD CATEGORY

Combustible dustsc — Not Required Required

Cryogenic flammables — Not Required Required

Explosives

Division 1.1Division 1.2Division 1.3Division 1.4Division 1.5Division 1.6

RequiredRequired

Not RequiredNot Required

RequiredRequired


RequiredRequired


Flammable gas Gaseous

LiquefiedNot RequiredNot Required

RequiredRequired

Flammable liquid IAd

IBeNot RequiredNot Required

RequiredRequired

Organic peroxides UI

RequiredRequired

Not PermittedNot Permitted

Oxidizer liquids and solids 4 Required Not Permitted

Pyrophoric gas — Not Required Required

Unstable (reactive) 4

3 Detonable3 Nondetonable

RequiredRequired

Not Required

Not PermittedNot Permitted

Required

Water-reactive liquids and solids 32g


RequiredRequired

SPECIAL USES

Acetylene generator rooms — Not Required Required

Grain processing — Not Required Required

Liquefied petroleum gas-distribu-tion facilities

— Not Required Required

Where explosion hazards existf Detonation

DeflagrationRequired

Not RequiredNot Permitted

Required




STORAGE, HAZARDOUS MATERIALS.

USE (MATERIAL).

WORKSTATION.

[F] 415.3 Automatic fire detection systems. Group H occu-pancies shall be provided with an automatic fire detectionsystem in accordance with Section 907.2.

[F] 415.4 Automatic sprinkler system. Group H occupan-cies shall be equipped throughout with an automatic sprinklersystem in accordance with Section 903.2.5.

[F] 415.5 Fire separation distance. Group H occupanciesshall be located on property in accordance with the other pro-visions of this chapter. In Groups H-2 and H-3, not less than25 percent of the perimeter wall of the occupancy shall be anexterior wall.

Exceptions:

1. Liquid use, dispensing and mixing rooms having afloor area of not more than 500 square feet (46.5 m2)need not be located on the outer perimeter of thebuilding where they are in accordance with the Cali-fornia Fire Code and NFPA 30.

2. Liquid storage rooms having a floor area of not morethan 1,000 square feet (93 m2) need not be located onthe outer perimeter where they are in accordancewith the California Fire Code and NFPA 30.

3. Spray paint booths that comply with the CaliforniaFire Code need not be located on the outer perimeter.

[F] 415.5.1 Group H occupancy minimum fire separa-tion distance. Regardless of any other provisions, build-ings containing Group H occupancies shall be set back tothe minimum fire separation distance as set forth in Sec-tions 415.5.1.1 through 415.5.1.4. Distances shall be mea-sured from the walls enclosing the occupancy to lot lines,including those on a public way. Distances to assumed lotlines established for the purpose of determining exteriorwall and opening protection are not to be used to establishthe minimum fire separation distance for buildings on siteswhere explosives are manufactured or used when separa-tion is provided in accordance with the quantity distancetables specified for explosive materials in the CaliforniaFire Code.

[F] 415.5.1.1 Group H-1. Group H-1 occupancies shallbe set back not less than 75 feet (22 860 mm) and notless than required by the California Fire Code.

Exceptions:

1. Fireworks manufacturing buildings separatedin accordance with NFPA 1124.

2. Buildings containing the following materialswhen separated in accordance with Table415.3.1:

2.1. Organic peroxides, unclassified detona-ble.

2.2. Unstable reactive materials, Class 4.

2.3. Unstable reactive materials, Class 3 deto-nable.

2.4. Detonable pyrophoric materials.

2. Group H-2. Not less than 30 feet (9144 mm)where the area of the occupancy exceeds1,000 square feet (93 m2) and it is not requiredto be located in a detached building.

3. Groups H-2 and H-3. Not less than 50 feet (15240 mm) where a detached building isrequired (see Table 415.3.2).

4. Groups H-2 and H-3. Occupancies containingmaterials with explosive characteristics shallbe separated as required by the California FireCode. Where separations are not specified, thedistances required shall not be less than thedistances required by Table 415.3.1.

[F] 415.5.1.2 Group H-2. Group H-2 occupancies shallbe set back not less than 30 feet (9144 mm) where thearea of the occupancy is greater than 1,000 square feet(93 m2) and it is not required to be located in a detachedbuilding.

[F] 415.5.1.3 Groups H-2 and H-3. Group H-2 and H-3 occupancies shall be set back not less than 50 feet (15240 mm) where a detached building is required (seeTable 415.3.2).

[F] 415.5.1.4 Explosive materials. Group H-2 and H-3occupancies containing materials with explosive char-acteristics shall be separated as required by the Califor-nia Fire Code. Where separations are not specified, thedistances required shall be determined by a technicalreport issued in accordance with Section 414.1.3.

[F] 415.5.2 Detached buildings for Group H-1, H-2 orH-3 occupancy. The storage or use of hazardous materialsin excess of those amounts listed in Table 415.5.2 shall bein accordance with the applicable provisions of Sections415.6 and 415.7.

[F] 415.5.2.1 Wall and opening protection. Where adetached building is required by Table 415.5.2, thereare no requirements for wall and opening protectionbased on fire separation distance.

[F] 415.6 Special provisions for Group H-1 occupancies.Group H-1 occupancies shall be in buildings used for noother purpose, shall not exceed one story in height and bewithout basements, crawl spaces or other under-floor spaces.Roofs shall be of lightweight construction with suitable ther-mal insulation to prevent sensitive material from reaching itsdecomposition temperature. Group H-1 occupancies contain-ing materials that are in themselves both physical and healthhazards in quantities exceeding the maximum allowablequantities per control area in Table 307.1(2) shall complywith requirements for both Group H-1 and H-4 occupancies.

[F] 415.6.1 Floors in storage rooms. Floors in storageareas for organic peroxides, pyrophoric materials andunstable (reactive) materials shall be of liquid-tight, non-combustible construction.

[F] 415.7 Special provisions for Group H-2 and H-3 occu-pancies. Group H-2 and H-3 occupancies containing quanti-ties of hazardous materials in excess of those set forth in

�




Table 415.5.2 shall be in detached buildings used for manu-facturing, processing, dispensing, use or storage of hazardousmaterials. Materials listed for Group H-1 occupancies in Sec-tion 307.3 are permitted to be located within Group H-2 or H-3 detached buildings provided the amount of materials percontrol area do not exceed the maximum allowed quantityspecified in Table 307.1(1).

[F] 415.7.1 Detached buildings. Detached buildings shallnot exceed one story in height and shall be without base-ments, crawl spaces or other under-floor spaces.

[F] 415.7.2 Multiple hazards. Group H-2 or H-3 occu-pancies containing materials which are in themselves bothphysical and health hazards in quantities exceeding themaximum allowable quantities per control area in Table307.1(2) shall comply with requirements for Group H-2,H-3 or H-4 occupancies as applicable.

[F] 415.7.3 Separation of incompatible materials. Haz-ardous materials other than those listed in Table 415.3.2shall be allowed in manufacturing, processing, dispensing,use or storage areas when separated from incompatiblematerials in accordance with the provisions of the Califor-nia Fire Code.

[F] 415.7.4 Water reactives. Group H-2 and H-3 occu-pancies containing water-reactive materials shall be resis-

tant to water penetration. Piping for conveying liquidsshall not be over or through areas containing water reac-tives, unless isolated by approved liquid-tight construc-tion.

Exception: Fire protection piping shall be permittedover or through areas containing water reactives with-out isolating it with liquid-tight construction.

[F] 415.7.5 Floors in storage rooms. Floors in storageareas for organic peroxides, oxidizers, pyrophoric materi-als, unstable (reactive) materials and water-reactive solidsand liquids shall be of liquid-tight, noncombustible con-struction.

[F] 415.7.6 Waterproof room. Rooms or areas used forthe storage of water-reactive solids and liquids shall beconstructed in a manner that resists the penetration ofwater through the use of waterproof materials. Piping car-rying water for other than approved automatic sprinklersystems shall not be within such rooms or areas.

[F] 415.8 Group H-2. Occupancies in Group H-2 shall beconstructed in accordance with Sections 415.8.1 through415.8.4 and the California Fire Code.

[F] 415.8.1 Combustible dusts, grain processing andstorage. The provisions of Sections 415.8.1.1 through415.8.1.6 shall apply to buildings in which materials that

[F] TABLE 415.5.2DETACHED BUILDING REQUIRED

For SI: 1 ton = 906 kg, 1 cubic foot = 0.02832 m3, 1 pound = 0.454 kg.a. For materials that are detonable, the distance to other buildings or lot lines shall be in accordance with Chapter 33 of the California Fire Code based on

trinitrotoluene (TNT) equivalence of the material. For materials classified as explosives, see Chapter 56 of the California Fire Code. b. “Maximum Allowable Quantity” means the maximum allowable quantity per control area set forth in Table 307.1(1).c. Limited to Division 1.4 materials and articles, including articles packaged for shipment, that are not regulated as an explosive under Bureau of Alcohol,

Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (BATF) regulations or unpackaged articles used in process operations that do not propagate a detonation or deflagrationbetween articles, provided the net explosive weight of individual articles does not exceed 1 pound.

A DETACHED BUILDING IS REQUIRED WHEN THE QUANTITY OF MATERIAL EXCEEDS THAT LISTED HEREIN

Material Class Solids and Liquids (tons)a, b Gases (cubic feet)a, b

Explosives

Division 1.1 Division 1.2 Division 1.3 Division 1.4

Division 1.4c Division 1.5 Division 1.6

Maximum Allowable QuantityMaximum Allowable QuantityMaximum Allowable QuantityMaximum Allowable Quantity

1Maximum Allowable QuantityMaximum Allowable Quantity

Not Applicable

Oxidizers Class 4 Maximum Allowable Quantity Maximum Allowable Quantity

Unstable (reactives) detonable Class 3 or 4 Maximum Allowable Quantity Maximum Allowable Quantity

Oxidizer, liquids and solids Class 3Class 2

1,2002,000

Not ApplicableNot Applicable

Organic peroxides

DetonableClass IClass IIClass III

Maximum Allowable QuantityMaximum Allowable Quantity

2550

Not ApplicableNot ApplicableNot ApplicableNot Applicable

Unstable (reactives) nondetonable Class 3Class 2

125

2,00010,000

Water reactives Class 3Class 2

125

Not ApplicableNot Applicable

Pyrophoric gases Not Applicable Not Applicable 2,000




produce combustible dusts are stored or handled. Build-ings that store or handle combustible dusts shall complywith the applicable provisions of NFPA 61, NFPA 85,NFPA 120, NFPA 484, NFPA 654, NFPA 655 and NFPA664, and the California Fire Code.

[F] 415.8.1.1 Type of construction and height excep-tions. Buildings shall be constructed in compliancewith the height and area limitations of Table 503 forGroup H-2; except that where erected of Type I or IIconstruction, the heights and areas of grain elevatorsand similar structures shall be unlimited, and where ofType IV construction, the maximum building heightshall be 65 feet (19 812 mm) and except further that, inisolated areas, the maximum building height of TypeIV structures shall be increased to 85 feet (25 908 mm).

[F] 415.8.1.2 Grinding rooms. Every room or spaceoccupied for grinding or other operations that producecombustible dusts shall be enclosed with fire barriersconstructed in accordance with Section 707 or horizon-tal assemblies constructed in accordance with Section711, or both. The fire-resistance rating of the enclosureshall be not less than 2 hours where the area is not morethan 3,000 square feet (279 m2), and not less than 4hours where the area is greater than 3,000 square feet(279 m2).

[F] 415.8.1.3 Conveyors. Conveyors, chutes, pipingand similar equipment passing through the enclosuresof rooms or spaces shall be constructed dirt tight andvapor tight, and be of approved noncombustible materi-als complying with Chapter 30.

[F] 415.8.1.4 Explosion control. Explosion controlshall be provided as specified in the California FireCode, or spaces shall be equipped with the equivalentmechanical ventilation complying with the CaliforniaMechanical Code.

[F] 415.8.1.5 Grain elevators. Grain elevators, malthouses and buildings for similar occupancies shall notbe located within 30 feet (9144 mm) of interior lot linesor structures on the same lot, except where erectedalong a railroad right-of-way.

[F] 415.8.1.6 Coal pockets. Coal pockets located lessthan 30 feet (9144 mm) from interior lot lines or fromstructures on the same lot shall be constructed of notless than Type IB construction. Where more than 30feet (9144mm) from interior lot lines, or where erectedalong a railroad right-of-way, the minimum type ofconstruction of such structures not more than 65 feet(19 812 mm) in building height shall be Type IV.

[F] 415.8.2 Flammable and combustible liquids. Thestorage, handling, processing and transporting of flamma-ble and combustible liquids in Groups H-2 and H-3 occu-pancies shall be in accordance with Sections 415.8.2.1through 415.8.2.9, the California Mechanical Code andthe California Fire Code.

[F] 415.8.2.1 Mixed occupancies. Where the storagetank area is located in a building of two or more occu-

pancies and the quantity of liquid exceeds the maxi-mum allowable quantity for one control area, the useshall be completely separated from adjacent occupan-cies in accordance with the requirements of Section508.4.

[F] 415.8.2.1.1 Height exception. Where storagetanks are located within a building no more than onestory above grade plane, the height limitation ofSection 503 shall not apply for Group H.

[F] 415.8.2.2 Tank protection. Storage tanks shall benoncombustible and protected from physical damage.Fire barriers or horizontal assemblies or both aroundthe storage tanks shall be permitted as the method ofprotection from physical damage.

[F] 415.8.2.3 Tanks. Storage tanks shall be approvedtanks conforming to the requirements of the CaliforniaFire Code.

[F] 415.8.2.4 Leakage containment. A liquid-tightcontainment area compatible with the stored liquidshall be provided. The method of spill control, drainagecontrol and secondary containment shall be in accor-dance with the California Fire Code.

Exception: Rooms where only double-wall storagetanks conforming to Section 415.8.2.3 are used tostore Class I, II and IIIA flammable and combustibleliquids shall not be required to have a leakage con-tainment area.

[F] 415.8.2.5 Leakage alarm. An approved automaticalarm shall be provided to indicate a leak in a storagetank and room. The alarm shall sound an audible signal,15 dBa above the ambient sound level, at every point ofentry into the room in which the leaking storage tank islocated. An approved sign shall be posted on everyentry door to the tank storage room indicating thepotential hazard of the interior room environment, orthe sign shall state: WARNING, WHEN ALARMSOUNDS, THE ENVIRONMENT WITHIN THEROOM MAY BE HAZARDOUS. The leakage alarmshall also be supervised in accordance with Chapter 9to transmit a trouble signal.

[F] 415.8.2.6 Tank vent. Storage tank vents for ClassI, II or IIIA liquids shall terminate to the outdoor air inaccordance with the California Fire Code.

[F] 415.8.2.7 Room ventilation. Storage tank areasstoring Class I, II or IIIA liquids shall be provided withmechanical ventilation. The mechanical ventilation sys-tem shall be in accordance with the California Mechan-ical Code and the California Fire Code.

[F] 415.8.2.8 Explosion venting. Where Class I liquidsare being stored, explosion venting shall be provided inaccordance with the California Fire Code.

[F] 415.8.2.9 Tank openings other than vents. Tankopenings other than vents from tanks inside buildingsshall be designed to ensure that liquids or vapor con-centrations are not released inside the building.




[F] 415.8.3 Liquefied petroleum gas facilities. The con-struction and installation of liquefied petroleum gas facili-ties shall be in accordance with the requirements of thiscode, the California Fire Code, the California MechanicalCode, the California Plumbing Code and NFPA 58.

[F] 415.8.4 Dry cleaning plants. The construction andinstallation of dry cleaning plants shall be in accordancewith the requirements of this code, the California Mechan-ical Code, the California Plumbing Code and NFPA 32.Dry cleaning solvents and systems shall be classified inaccordance with the California Fire Code.

[F] 415.9 Groups H-3 and H-4. Groups H-3 and H-4 shallbe constructed in accordance with the applicable provisionsof this code and the California Fire Code.

[F] 415.9.1 Flammable and combustible liquids. Thestorage, handling, processing and transporting of flamma-ble and combustible liquids in Group H-3 occupanciesshall be in accordance with Section 415.8.2.

[F] 415.9.2 Gas rooms. Where gas rooms are provided,such rooms shall be separated from other areas by not lessthan 1-hour fire barriers constructed in accordance withSection 707 or horizontal assemblies constructed in accor-dance with Section 711, or both.

[F] 415.9.3 Floors in storage rooms. Floors in storageareas for corrosive liquids and highly toxic or toxic materi-als shall be of liquid-tight, noncombustible construction.

[F] 415.9.4 Separation-highly toxic solids and liquids.Highly toxic solids and liquids not stored in approved haz-ardous materials storage cabinets shall be isolated fromother hazardous materials storage by not less than 1-hourfire barriers constructed in accordance with Section 707 orhorizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with Sec-tion 711, or both.

[F] 415.10 Group H-5. In addition to the requirements setforth elsewhere in this code, Group H-5 shall comply with theprovisions of Sections 415.10.1 through 415.10.11 and theCalifornia Fire Code.

[F] 415.10.1 Fabrication areas. Fabrication areas shallcomply with Sections 415.10.1.1 through 415.10.1.8.

[F] 415.10.1.1 Hazardous materials. Hazardous mate-rials and hazardous production materials (HPM) shallcomply with Sections 415.10.1.1.1 and 415.10.1.1.2.

[F] 415.10.1.1.1 Aggregate quantities. The aggre-gate quantities of hazardous materials stored andused in a single fabrication area shall not exceed thequantities set forth in Table 415.10.1.1.1.

Exception: The quantity limitations for any haz-ard category in Table 415.10.1.1.1 shall not applywhere the fabrication area contains quantities ofhazardous materials not exceeding the maximum

allowable quantities per control area establishedby Tables 307.1(1) and 307.1(2).

[F] 415.10.1.1.2 Hazardous production materi-als. The maximum quantities of hazardous produc-tion materials (HPM) stored in a single fabricationarea shall not exceed the maximum allowable quan-tities per control area established by Tables 307.1(1)and 307.1(2).

[F] 415.10.1.2 Separation. Fabrication areas, whosesizes are limited by the quantity of hazardous materialsallowed by Table 415.10.1.1.1, shall be separated fromeach other, from corridors and from other parts of thebuilding by not less than 1-hour fire barriers con-structed in accordance with Section 707 or horizontalassemblies constructed in accordance with Section 711,or both.

Exceptions:

1. Doors within such fire barrier walls, includingdoors to corridors, shall be only self-closingfire door assemblies having a fire protectionrating of not less than 3/4 hour.

2. Windows between fabrication areas and corri-dors are permitted to be fixed glazing listedand labeled for a fire protection rating of notless than 3/4 hour in accordance with Section716.

[F] 415.10.1.3 Location of occupied levels. Occupiedlevels of fabrication areas shall be located at or abovethe first story above grade plane.

[F] 415.10.1.4 Floors. Except for surfacing, floorswithin fabrication areas shall be of noncombustibleconstruction.

Openings through floors of fabrication areas arepermitted to be unprotected where the interconnectedlevels are used solely for mechanical equipmentdirectly related to such fabrication areas (see also Sec-tion 415.10.1.5).

Floors forming a part of an occupancy separationshall be liquid tight.

[F] 415.10.1.5 Shafts and openings through floors.Elevator hoistways, vent shafts and other openingsthrough floors shall be enclosed where required by Sec-tions 712 and 713. Mechanical, duct and piping pene-trations within a fabrication area shall not extendthrough more than two floors. The annular spacearound penetrations for cables, cable trays, tubing, pip-ing, conduit or ducts shall be sealed at the floor level torestrict the movement of air. The fabrication area,including the areas through which the ductwork andpiping extend, shall be considered a single conditionedenvironment.




[F] TABLE 415.10.1.1.1QUANTITY LIMITS FOR HAZARDOUS MATERIALS IN A SINGLE FABRICATION AREA IN GROUP H-5a

For SI: 1 pound per square foot = 4.882 kg/m2, 1 gallon per square foot = 40.7 L/m2, 1 cubic foot @ NTP/square foot = 0.305 m3 @ NTP/m2, 1 cubic foot = 0.02832 m3.a. Hazardous materials within piping shall not be included in the calculated quantities.b. Quantity of hazardous materials in a single fabrication shall not exceed the maximum allowable quantities per control area in Tables 307.1(1) and 307.1(2).c. Densely packed baled cotton that complies with the packing requirements of ISO 8115 shall not be included in this material class.d. The aggregate quantity of flammable, pyrophoric, toxic and highly toxic gases shall not exceed 9,000 cubic feet at NTP.e. The aggregate quantity of pyrophoric gases in the building shall not exceed the amounts set forth in Table 415.5.2.

HAZARD CATEGORY SOLIDS(pounds per square foot)

LIQUIDS(gallons per square foot)

GAS(cubic feet @ NTP/square foot)

PHYSICAL-HAZARD MATERIALS

Combustible dust Note b Not Applicable Not Applicable

Combustible fiber LooseBaled

Note bNotes b, c

Not Applicable Not Applicable

Combustible liquid

Combination Class

IIIIIAIIIBI, II and IIIA

Not Applicable

0.010.02

Not Limited0.04

Not Applicable

Cryogenic gasFlammableOxidizing

Not Applicable Not ApplicableNote d1.25

Explosives Note b Note b Note b

Flammable gas GaseousLiquefied

Not Applicable Not ApplicableNote dNote d

Flammable liquid

Combination Class Combination Class

IAIBICIA, IB and ICI, II and IIIA

Not Applicable

0.00250.0250.0250.0250.04

Not Applicable

Flammable solid 0.001 Not Applicable Not Applicable

Organic peroxide

Unclassified detonableClass IClass IIClass IIIClass IVClass V

Note bNote b0.0250.1

Not LimitedNot Limited


Oxidizing gas GaseousLiquefied


1.251.25

1.25 Combination of gaseous and liquefied

Oxidizer

Combination Class

Class 4Class 3Class 2Class 11, 2, 3

Note b0.0030.0030.0030.003

Note b0.030.030.030.03

Not Applicable

Pyrophoric materials 0.01 0.00125 Notes d and e

Unstable (reactive) Class 4Class 3Class 2Class 1

Note b0.0250.1

Not Limited

Note b0.00250.01

Not Limited

Note bNote bNote b

Not Limited

Water reactive Class 3Class 2Class 1

Note b0.25

Not Limited

0.001250.025

Not LimitedNot Applicable

HEALTH-HAZARD MATERIALS

Corrosives Not Limited Not Limited Not Limited

Highly toxic Not Limited Not Limited Note d

Toxics Not Limited Not Limited Note d




[F] 415.10.1.6 Ventilation. Mechanical exhaust venti-lation at the rate of not less than 1 cubic foot per minuteper square foot [0.0051 m3/(s · m2)] of floor area shallbe provided throughout the portions of the fabricationarea where HPM are used or stored. The exhaust airduct system of one fabrication area shall not connect toanother duct system outside that fabrication area withinthe building.

A ventilation system shall be provided to captureand exhaust gases, fumes and vapors at workstations.

Two or more operations at a workstation shall notbe connected to the same exhaust system where eitherone or the combination of the substances removedcould constitute a fire, explosion or hazardous chemicalreaction within the exhaust duct system.

Exhaust ducts penetrating fire barriers constructedin accordance with Section 707 or horizontal assem-blies constructed in accordance with Section 711 shallbe contained in a shaft of equivalent fire-resistance-rated construction. Exhaust ducts shall not penetratefire walls.

Fire dampers shall not be installed in exhaust ducts.

[F] 415.10.1.7 Transporting hazardous productionmaterials to fabrication areas. HPM shall be trans-ported to fabrication areas through enclosed piping ortubing systems that comply with Section 415.10.6,through service corridors complying with Section415.10.3, or in corridors as permitted in the exceptionto Section 415.10.2. The handling or transporting ofHPM within service corridors shall comply with theCalifornia Fire Code.

[F] 415.10.1.8 Electrical. Electrical equipment anddevices within the fabrication area shall comply withNFPA 70. The requirements for hazardous locationsneed not be applied where the average air change is atleast four times that set forth in Section 415.10.1.6 andwhere the number of air changes at any location is notless than three times that required by Section415.10.1.6. The use of recirculated air shall be permit-ted.

[F] 415.10.1.8.1 Workstations. Workstations shallnot be energized without adequate exhaust ventila-tion. See Section 415.10.1.6 for workstation exhaustventilation requirements.

[F] 415.10.2 Corridors. Corridors shall comply withChapter 10 and shall be separated from fabrication areas asspecified in section 415.10.1.2. Corridors shall not containHPM and shall not be used for transporting such materialsexcept through closed piping systems as provided in Sec-tion 415.10.6.4

Exception: Where existing fabrication areas are alteredor modified, HPM is allowed to be transported in exist-ing corridors, subject to the following conditions:

1. Nonproduction HPM is allowed to be transportedin corridors if utilized for maintenance, lab workand testing.

2. Where existing fabrication areas are altered ormodified, HPM is allowed to be transported inexisting corridors, subject to the following condi-tions:

2.1. Corridors. Corridors adjacent to the fabri-cation area where the alteration work is tobe done shall comply with Section 1018for a length determined as follows:

2.1.1. The length of the common wall of the corridor and the fabrication area; and

2.1.2. For the distance along the corridor to the point of entry of HPM into the corridor serving that fabrication area.

2.2. Emergency alarm system. There shall bean emergency telephone system, a localmanual alarm station or other approvedalarm-initiating device within corridors atnot more than 150-foot (45 720 mm)intervals and at each exit and doorway.The signal shall be relayed to an approvedcentral, proprietary or remote station ser-vice or the emergency control station andshall also initiate a local audible alarm.

2.3. Pass-throughs. Self-closing doors havinga fire protection rating of not less than 1hour shall separate pass-throughs fromexisting corridors. Pass-throughs shall beconstructed as required for the corridorsand protected by an approved automaticsprinkler system.

[F] 415.10.3 Service corridors. Service corridors withina Group H-5 occupancy shall comply with Sections415.10.3.1 through 415.10.3.4.

[F] 415.10.3.1 Use conditions. Service corridors shallbe separated from corridors as required by Section415.10.1.2. Service corridors shall not be used as arequired corridor.

[F] 415.10.3.2 Mechanical ventilation. Service corri-dors shall be mechanically ventilated as required bySection 415.10.1.6 or at not less than six air changesper hour, whichever is greater.

[F] 415.10.3.3 Means of egress. The distance of travelfrom any point in a service corridor to an exit, exitaccess corridor or door into a fabrication area shall benot greater than 75 feet (22 860 mm). Dead ends shallbe not greater than 4 feet (1219 mm) in length. Thereshall be not less than two exits, and not more than one-half of the required means of egress shall require travelinto a fabrication area. Doors from service corridorsshall swing in the direction of egress travel and shall beself-closing.

[F] 415.10.3.4 Minimum width. The clear width of aservice corridor shall be not less than 5 feet (1524 mm),




or 33 inches (838 mm) wider than the widest cart ortruck used in the service corridor, whichever is greater.

[F] 415.10.3.5 Emergency alarm system. Emergencyalarm systems shall be provided in accordance with thissection and Sections 414.7.1 and 414.7.2. The maxi-mum allowable quantity per control area provisionsshall not apply to emergency alarm systems requiredfor HPM.

[F] 415.10.3.5.1 Service corridors. An emergencyalarm system shall be provided in service corridors,with no fewer than one alarm device in each servicecorridor.

[F] 415.10.3.5.2 Corridors and interior exit stair-ways and ramps. Emergency alarms for corridors,interior exit stairways and ramps and exit passage-ways shall comply with Section 414.7.2.

[F] 415.10.3.5.3 Liquid storage rooms, HPMrooms and gas rooms. Emergency alarms for liquidstorage rooms, HPM rooms and gas rooms shallcomply with Section 414.7.1.

[F] 415.10.3.5.4 Alarm-initiating devices. Anapproved emergency telephone system, local alarmmanual pull stations, or other approved alarm-initi-ating devices are allowed to be used as emergencyalarm-initiating devices.

[F] 415.10.3.5.5 Alarm signals. Activation of theemergency alarm system shall sound a local alarmand transmit a signal to the emergency control sta-tion.

[F] 415.10.4 Storage of hazardous production materi-als. Storage of hazardous production materials (HPM) infabrication areas shall be within approved or listed storagecabinets or gas cabinets or within a workstation. The stor-age of HPM in quantities greater than those listed in Sec-tion 5004.2 of the California Fire Code shall be in liquidstorage rooms, HPM rooms or gas rooms as appropriatefor the materials stored. The storage of other hazardousmaterials shall be in accordance with other applicable pro-visions of this code and the California Fire Code.

[F] 415.10.5 HPM rooms, gas rooms, liquid storageroom construction. HPM rooms, gas rooms and liquidshall be constructed in accordance with Sections415.10.5.1 through 415.10.5.9.

[F] 415.10.5.1 HPM rooms and gas rooms. HPMrooms and gas rooms shall be separated from otherareas by fire barriers constructed in accordance withSection 707 or horizontal assemblies constructed inaccordance with Section 711, or both. The fire-resis-tance rating shall be not less than 2 hours where thearea is 300 square feet (27.9 m2) or more and not lessthan 1 hour where the area is less than 300 square feet(27.9 m2).

[F] 415.10.5.2 Liquid storage rooms. Liquid storagerooms shall be constructed in accordance with the fol-lowing requirements:

1. Rooms greater than 500 square feet (46.5 m2) inarea, shall have no fewer than one exterior doorapproved for fire department access.

2. Rooms shall be separated from other areas by firebarriers constructed in accordance with Section707 or horizontal assemblies constructed inaccordance with Section 711, or both. The fire-resistance rating shall be not less than 1 hour forrooms up to 150 square feet (13.9 m2) in area andnot less than 2 hours where the room is more than150 square feet (13.9 m2) in area.

3. Shelving, racks and wainscotting in such areasshall be of noncombustible construction or woodof not less than 1-inch (25 mm) nominal thick-ness or fire-retardant-treated wood complyingwith Section 2303.2.

4. Rooms used for the storage of Class I flammableliquids shall not be located in a basement.

[F] 415.10.5.3 Floors. Except for surfacing, floors ofHPM rooms and liquid storage rooms shall be of non-combustible liquid-tight construction. Raised gratingover floors shall be of noncombustible materials.

[F] 415.10.5.4 Location. Where HPM rooms, liquidstorage rooms and gas rooms are provided, they shallhave no fewer than one exterior wall and such wallshall be not less than 30 feet (9144 mm) from lot lines,including lot lines adjacent to public ways.

[F] 415.10.5.5 Explosion control. Explosion controlshall be provided where required by Section 414.5.1.

[F] 415.10.5.6 Exits. Where two exits are requiredfrom HPM rooms, liquid storage rooms and gas rooms,one shall be directly to the outside of the building.

[F] 415.10.5.7 Doors. Doors in a fire barrier wall,including doors to corridors, shall be self-closing firedoor assemblies having a fire protection rating of notless than 3/4 hour.

[F] 415.10.5.8 Ventilation. Mechanical exhaust venti-lation shall be provided in liquid storage rooms, HPMrooms and gas rooms at the rate of not less than 1 cubicfoot per minute per square foot (0.044 L/s/m2) of floorarea or six air changes per hour, whichever is greater,for categories of material.

Exhaust ventilation for gas rooms shall be designedto operate at a negative pressure in relation to the sur-rounding areas and direct the exhaust ventilation to anexhaust system.

[F] 415.10.5.9 Emergency alarm system. Anapproved emergency alarm system shall be providedfor HPM rooms, liquid storage rooms and gas rooms.




Emergency alarm-initiating devices shall beinstalled outside of each interior exit door of suchrooms.

Activation of an emergency alarm-initiating deviceshall sound a local alarm and transmit a signal to theemergency control station.

An approved emergency telephone system, localalarm manual pull stations or other approved alarm-ini-tiating devices are allowed to be used as emergencyalarm-initiating devices.

[F] 415.10.6 Piping and tubing. Hazardous productionmaterials piping and tubing shall comply with this sectionand ASME B31.3.

[F] 415.10.6.1 HPM having a health-hazard rankingof 3 or 4. Systems supplying HPM liquids or gaseshaving a health-hazard ranking of 3 or 4 shall bewelded throughout, except for connections, to the sys-tems that are within a ventilated enclosure if the mate-rial is a gas, or an approved method of drainage orcontainment is provided for the connections if thematerial is a liquid.

[F] 415.10.6.2 Location in service corridors. Hazard-ous production materials supply piping or tubing in ser-vice corridors shall be exposed to view.

[F] 415.10.6.3 Excess flow control. Where HPM gasesor liquids are carried in pressurized piping above 15pounds per square inch gauge (psig) (103.4 kPa),excess flow control shall be provided. Where the pipingoriginates from within a liquid storage room, HPMroom or gas room, the excess flow control shall belocated within the liquid storage room, HPM room orgas room. Where the piping originates from a bulksource, the excess flow control shall be located as closeto the bulk source as practical.

[F] 415.10.6.4 Installations in corridors and aboveother occupancies. The installation of HPM pipingand tubing within the space defined by the walls of cor-ridors and the floor or roof above, or in concealedspaces above other occupancies, shall be in accordancewith Sections 415.10.6.1 through 415.10.6.3 and thefollowing conditions:

1. Automatic sprinklers shall be installed within thespace unless the space is less than 6 inches (152mm) in the least dimension.

2. Ventilation not less than six air changes per hourshall be provided. The space shall not be used toconvey air from any other area.

3. Where the piping or tubing is used to transportHPM liquids, a receptor shall be installed belowsuch piping or tubing. The receptor shall bedesigned to collect any discharge or leakage anddrain it to an approved location. The 1-hourenclosure shall not be used as part of the receptor.

4. HPM supply piping and tubing and nonmetallicwaste lines shall be separated from the corridorand from occupancies other than Group H-5 by

fire barriers that have a fire-resistance rating ofnot less than 1 hour. Where gypsum wallboard isused, joints on the piping side of the enclosureare not required to be taped, provided the jointsoccur over framing members. Access openingsinto the enclosure shall be protected by approvedfire protection-rated assemblies.

5. Readily accessible manual or automatic remotelyactivated fail-safe emergency shutoff valves shallbe installed on piping and tubing other than wastelines at the following locations:

5.1.At branch connections into the fabricationarea.

5.2.At entries into corridors.

Exception: Transverse crossings of the corridors bysupply piping that is enclosed within a ferrous pipeor tube for the width of the corridor need not complywith Items 1 through 5.

[F] 415.10.6.5 Identification. Piping, tubing and HPMwaste lines shall be identified in accordance with ANSIA13.1 to indicate the material being transported.

[F] 415.10.7 Continuous gas detection systems. A con-tinuous gas detection system shall be provided for HPMgases where the physiological warning threshold level ofthe gas is at a higher level than the accepted permissibleexposure limit (PEL) for the gas and for flammable gasesin accordance with Sections 415.10.7.1 and 415.10.7.2.

[F] 415.10.7.1 Where required. A continuous gasdetection system shall be provided in the areas identi-fied in Sections 415.10.7.1.1 through 415.10.7.1.4.

[F] 415.10.7.1.1 Fabrication areas. A continuousgas detection system shall be provided in fabricationareas where gas is used in the fabrication area.

[F] 415.10.7.1.2 HPM rooms. A continuous gasdetection system shall be provided in HPM roomswhere gas is used in the room.

[F] 415.10.7.1.3 Gas cabinets, exhausted enclo-sures and gas rooms. A continuous gas detectionsystem shall be provided in gas cabinets andexhausted enclosures. A continuous gas detectionsystem shall be provided in gas rooms where gasesare not located in gas cabinets or exhausted enclo-sures.

[F] 415.10.7.1.4 Corridors. Where gases are trans-ported in piping placed within the space defined bythe walls of a corridor and the floor or roof abovethe corridor, a continuous gas detection system shallbe provided where piping is located and in the corri-dor.

Exception: A continuous gas detection system isnot required for occasional transverse crossingsof the corridors by supply piping that is enclosedin a ferrous pipe or tube for the width of the corri-dor.

[F] 415.10.7.2 Gas detection system operation. Thecontinuous gas detection system shall be capable of




monitoring the room, area or equipment in which thegas is located at or below all the following gas concen-trations:

1. Immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH)values where the monitoring point is within anexhausted enclosure, ventilated enclosure or gascabinet.

2. Permissible exposure limit (PEL) levels wherethe monitoring point is in an area outside anexhausted enclosure, ventilated enclosure or gascabinet.

3. For flammable gases, the monitoring detectionthreshold level shall be vapor concentrations inexcess of 25 percent of the lower flammable limit(LFL) where the monitoring is within or outsidean exhausted enclosure, ventilated enclosure orgas cabinet.

4. Except as noted in this section, monitoring forhighly toxic and toxic gases shall also complywith Chapter 60 of the California Fire Code.

[F] 415.10.7.2.1 Alarms. The gas detection systemshall initiate a local alarm and transmit a signal tothe emergency control station when a short-termhazard condition is detected. The alarm shall be bothvisual and audible and shall provide warning bothinside and outside the area where the gas is detected.The audible alarm shall be distinct from all otheralarms.

[F] 415.10.7.2.2 Shutoff of gas supply. The gasdetection system shall automatically close the shut-off valve at the source on gas supply piping and tub-ing related to the system being monitored for whichgas is detected when a short-term hazard conditionis detected. Automatic closure of shutoff valvesshall comply with the following:

1. Where the gas detection sampling point initi-ating the gas detection system alarm is withina gas cabinet or exhausted enclosure, the shut-off valve in the gas cabinet or exhaustedenclosure for the specific gas detected shallautomatically close.

2. Where the gas detection sampling point initi-ating the gas detection system alarm is withina room and compressed gas containers are notin gas cabinets or an exhausted enclosure, theshutoff valves on all gas lines for the specificgas detected shall automatically close.

3. Where the gas detection sampling point initi-ating the gas detection system alarm is withina piping distribution manifold enclosure, theshutoff valve supplying the manifold for thecompressed gas container of the specific gasdetected shall automatically close.

Exception: Where the gas detection samplingpoint initiating the gas detection system alarm isat the use location or within a gas valve enclosureof a branch line downstream of a piping distribu-

tion manifold, the shutoff valve for the branchline located in the piping distribution manifoldenclosure shall automatically close.

[F] 415.10.8 Manual fire alarm system. An approvedmanual fire alarm system shall be provided throughoutbuildings containing Group H-5. Activation of the alarmsystem shall initiate a local alarm and transmit a signal tothe emergency control station. The fire alarm system shallbe designed and installed in accordance with Section 907.

[F] 415.10.9 Emergency control station. An emergencycontrol station shall be provided in accordance with Sec-tions 415.10.9.1 through 415.10.9.3.

[F] 415.10.9.1 Location. The emergency control sta-tion shall be located on the premises at an approvedlocation outside the fabrication area.

[F] 415.10.9.2 Staffing. Trained personnel shall con-tinuously staff the emergency control station.

[F] 415.10.9.3 Signals. The emergency control stationshall receive signals from emergency equipment andalarm and detection systems. Such emergency equip-ment and alarm and detection systems shall include, butnot be limited to, the following where such equipmentor systems are required to be provided either in thischapter or elsewhere in this code:

1. Automatic sprinkler system alarm and monitor-ing systems.

2. Manual fire alarm systems.

3. Emergency alarm systems.

4. Continuous gas detection systems.

5. Smoke detection systems.

6. Emergency power system.

7. Automatic detection and alarm systems for pyro-phoric liquids and Class 3 water-reactive liquidsrequired in Section 2705.2.3.4 of the CaliforniaFire Code.

8. Exhaust ventilation flow alarm devices for pyro-phoric liquids and Class 3 water-reactive liquidscabinet exhaust ventilation systems required inSection 2705.2.3.4 of the California Fire Code.

[F] 415.10.10 Emergency power system. An emergencypower system shall be provided in Group H-5 occupancieswhere required in Section 415.10.10.1. The emergencypower system shall be designed to supply power automati-cally to required electrical systems when the normal elec-trical supply system is interrupted.

[F] 415.10.10.1 Required electrical systems. Emer-gency power shall be provided for electrically operatedequipment and connected control circuits for the fol-lowing systems:

1. HPM exhaust ventilation systems.

2. HPM gas cabinet ventilation systems.

3. HPM exhausted enclosure ventilation systems.

4. HPM gas room ventilation systems.




5. HPM gas detection systems.

6. Emergency alarm systems.

7. Manual fire alarm systems.

8. Automatic sprinkler system monitoring andalarm systems.

9. Automatic alarm and detection systems forpyrophoric liquids and Class 3 water-reactiveliquids required in Section 2705.2.3.4 of theCalifornia Fire Code.

10. Flow alarm switches for pyrophoric liquids andClass 3 water-reactive liquids cabinet exhaustventilation systems required in Section2705.2.3.4 of the California Fire Code.

11. Electrically operated systems required else-where in this code or in the California FireCode applicable to the use, storage or handlingof HPM.

[F] 415.10.10.2 Exhaust ventilation systems. Exhaustventilation systems are allowed to be designed to oper-ate at not less than one-half the normal fan speed on theemergency power system where it is demonstrated thatthe level of exhaust will maintain a safe atmosphere.

[F] 415.10.11 Automatic sprinkler system protection inexhaust ducts for HPM. An approved automatic sprin-kler system shall be provided in exhaust ducts conveyinggases, vapors, fumes, mists or dusts generated from HPMin accordance with Sections 415.10.11.1 through415.10.11.3 and the California Mechanical Code.

[F] 415.10.11.1 Metallic and noncombustible non-metallic exhaust ducts. An approved automatic sprin-kler system shall be provided in metallic andnoncombustible nonmetallic exhaust ducts where all ofthe following conditions apply:

1. Where the largest cross-sectional diameter isequal to or greater than 10 inches (254 mm).

2. The ducts are within the building.

3. The ducts are conveying flammable gases, vaporsor fumes.

[F] 415.10.11.2 Combustible nonmetallic exhaustducts. Automatic sprinkler system protection shall beprovided in combustible nonmetallic exhaust ductswhere the largest cross-sectional diameter of the duct isequal to or greater than 10 inches (254 mm).

Exception: Duct need not be provided with auto-matic sprinkler protection as follows:

1. Ducts listed or approved for applications with-out automatic sprinkler system protection.

2. Ducts not more than 12 feet (3658 mm) inlength installed below ceiling level.

[F] 415.10.11.3 Automatic sprinkler locations. Sprin-kler systems shall be installed at 12-foot (3658 mm)intervals in horizontal ducts and at changes in direction.In vertical ducts, sprinklers shall be installed at the topand at alternate floor levels.

415.11 Group H occupancies located above the 10th story.

415.11.1 Fire – smoke barrier. Any story containing aGroup H occupancy above the 10th story shall be subdi-vided by a fire-smoke barrier constructed as a fire barrierhaving a fire resistance rating of not less than 2 hours andshall also comply with the smoke barrier requirements ofSection 710. The 2-hour fire-smoke barrier shall be inaccordance with Sections 415.11.1.1 through 415.11.1.5.

415.11.1.1 The 2-hour fire-smoke barrier shall be con-tinuous from exterior wall to exterior wall.

415.11.1.2 The fire-smoke barrier shall divide the storyso that the square footage on each side of the 2-hourfire-smoke barrier is not less than 30 percent of thetotal floor area.

415.11.1.3 A minimum of one door opening shall beprovided in the 2-hour fire-smoke barrier for emer-gency access.

415.11.1.4 Each side of the 2-hour fire-smoke barriershall be designed as a separate smoke zone designed inaccordance with Section 909.6.

415.11.1.5 The area on each side of the 2-hour fire-smoke barrier shall be served by a minimum of one exitenclosure in accordance with Section 1022.

415.12 Elevators and elevator lobbies above the 10th story.Any story containing a Group H occupancy above the 10thstory shall be provided with elevators and elevator lobbies inaccordance with Sections 415.12.1 through 415.12.3.

415.12.1 An elevator that serves every story of the build-ing shall be provided on each side of the 2-hour fire-smoke barrier.

415.12.2 An elevator lobby shall be provided on each sideof the 2-hour fire-smoke barrier at each floor in accor-dance with Section 708.14.1. Exceptions to 708.14.1 shallnot apply.

415.12.3 The elevator and its associated elevator lobbiesand elevator machine rooms shall be pressurized in accor-dance with Section 909.6.

SECTION 416APPLICATION OF FLAMMABLE FINISHES

[F] 416.1 General. The provisions of this section shall applyto the construction, installation and use of buildings andstructures, or parts thereof, for the application of flammablefinishes. Such construction and equipment shall comply withthe California Fire Code.

[F] 416.2 Spray rooms. Spray rooms shall be enclosed withnot less than 1-hour fire barriers constructed in accordancewith Section 707 or horizontal assemblies constructed inaccordance with Section 711, or both. Floors shall be water-proofed and drained in an approved manner.

[F] 416.2.1 Surfaces. The interior surfaces of spray roomsshall be smooth and shall be so constructed to permit thefree passage of exhaust air from all parts of the interiorand to facilitate washing and cleaning, and shall be so




designed to confine residues within the room. Aluminumshall not be used.

[F] 416.2.2 Ventilation. Mechanical ventilation and inter-locks with the spraying operation shall be in accordancewith the California Mechanical Code.

[F] 416.3 Spraying spaces. Spraying spaces shall be venti-lated with an exhaust system to prevent the accumulation offlammable mist or vapors in accordance with the CaliforniaMechanical Code. Where such spaces are not separatelyenclosed, noncombustible spray curtains shall be provided torestrict the spread of flammable vapors.

[F] 416.3.1 Surfaces. The interior surfaces of sprayingspaces shall be smooth and continuous without edges;shall be so constructed to permit the free passage ofexhaust air from all parts of the interior and to facilitatewashing and cleaning; and shall be so designed to confineresidues within the spraying space. Aluminum shall not beused.

[F] 416.4 Spray booths. Spray booths shall be designed, con-structed and operated in accordance with the California FireCode

[F] 416.5 Fire protection. An automatic sprinkler system orfire-extinguishing system shall be provided in all spray, dipand immersing spaces and storage rooms and shall beinstalled in accordance with Chapter 9.

SECTION 417DRYING ROOMS

[F] 417.1 General. A drying room or dry kiln installed withina building shall be constructed entirely of approved noncom-bustible materials or assemblies of such materials regulatedby the approved rules or as required in the general and spe-cific sections of this chapter for special occupancies andwhere applicable to the general requirements of the Califor-nia Mechanical Code.

[F] 417.2 Piping clearance. Overhead heating pipes shallhave a clearance of not less than 2 inches (51 mm) from com-bustible contents in the dryer.

[F] 417.3 Insulation. Where the operating temperature of thedryer is 175°F (79°C) or more, metal enclosures shall beinsulated from adjacent combustible materials by not lessthan 12 inches (305 mm) of airspace, or the metal walls shallbe lined with 1/4-inch (6.35 mm) insulating mill board or otherapproved equivalent insulation.

[F] 417.4 Fire protection. Drying rooms designed for high-hazard materials and processes, including special occupan-cies as provided for in Chapter 4, shall be protected by anapproved automatic fire-extinguishing system complyingwith the provisions of Chapter 9.

SECTION 418ORGANIC COATINGS

[F] 418.1 Building features. Manufacturing of organic coat-ings shall be done only in buildings that do not have pits orbasements.

[F] 418.2 Location. Organic coating manufacturing opera-tions and operations incidental to or connected therewithshall not be located in buildings having other occupancies.

[F] 418.3 Process mills. Mills operating with close clear-ances and that process flammable and heat-sensitive materi-als, such as nitrocellulose, shall be located in a detachedbuilding or noncombustible structure.

[F] 418.4 Tank storage. Storage areas for flammable andcombustible liquid tanks inside of structures shall be locatedat or above grade and shall be separated from the processingarea by not less than 2-hour fire barriers constructed in accor-dance with Section 707 or horizontal assemblies constructedin accordance with Section 711, or both.

[F] 418.5 Nitrocellulose storage. Nitrocellulose storage shallbe located on a detached pad or in a separate structure or aroom enclosed with not less than 2-hour fire barriers con-structed in accordance with Section 707 or horizontal assem-blies constructed in accordance with Section 711, or both.

[F] 418.6 Finished products. Storage rooms for finishedproducts that are flammable or combustible liquids shall beseparated from the processing area by not less than 2-hourfire barriers constructed in accordance with Section 707 orhorizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with Section711, or both.

SECTION 419LIVE/WORK UNITS

419.1 General. A live/work unit shall comply with Sections419.1 through 419.9.

Exception: Dwelling or sleeping units that include anoffice that is less than 10 percent of the area of the dwell-ing unit are permitted to be classified as dwelling unitswith accessory occupancies in accordance with Section508.2.

419.1.1 Limitations. The following shall apply to all live/work areas:

1. The live/work unit is permitted to be not greater than3,000 square feet (279 m2) in area;

2. The nonresidential area is permitted to be not morethan 50 percent of the area of each live/work unit;

3. The nonresidential area function shall be limited tothe first or main floor only of the live/work unit; and

4. Not more than five nonresidential workers oremployees are allowed to occupy the nonresidentialarea at any one time.

419.2 Occupancies. Live/work units shall be classified as aGroup R-2 occupancy. Separation requirements found in Sec-tions 420 and 508 shall not apply within the live/work unitwhere the live/work unit is in compliance with Section 419. Nonresidential uses which would otherwise be classified aseither a Group H or S occupancy shall not be permitted in alive/work unit.

Exception: Storage shall be permitted in the live/workunit provided the aggregate area of storage in the nonresi-




dential portion of the live/work unit shall be limited to 10percent of the space dedicated to nonresidential activities.

419.3 Means of egress. Except as modified by this section,the means of egress components for a live/work unit shall bedesigned in accordance with Chapter 10 for the functionserved.

419.3.1 Egress capacity. The egress capacity for each ele-ment of the live/work unit shall be based on the occupantload for the function served in accordance with Table1004.1.1.

419.3.2 Spiral stairways. Spiral stairways that conformto the requirements of Section 1009.12 shall be permitted.

419.4 Vertical openings. Floor openings between floor lev-els of a live/work unit are permitted without enclosure.

[F] 419.5 Fire protection. The live/work unit shall be pro-vided with a monitored fire alarm system where required bySection 907.2.9 and an automatic sprinkler system in accor-dance with Section 903.2.8.

419.6 Structural. Floor loading for the areas within a live/work unit shall be designed to conform to Table 1607.1 basedon the function within the space.

419.7 Accessibility. Accessibility shall be designed in accor-dance with Chapter 11A and/or 11B, when applicable for thefunction served.

419.8 Ventilation. The applicable ventilation requirementsof the California Mechanical Code shall apply to each areawithin the live/work unit for the function within that space.

419.9 Plumbing facilities. The nonresidential area of thelive/work unit shall be provided with minimum plumbingfacilities as specified by the California Plumbing Code, basedon the function of the nonresidential area. Where the nonres-idential area of the live/work unit is required to be accessible,the plumbing fixtures specified by the California PlumbingCode shall be accessible.

SECTION 420GROUPS R-1, R-2, R-2.1, R-3, R3.1 and R-4

420.1 General. Occupancies in Groups R-1, R-2, R-2.1, R-3,R3.1 and R-4 shall comply with the provisions of Sections420.1 through 420.5 and other applicable provisions of thiscode.

420.2 Separation walls. Walls separating dwelling units inthe same building, walls separating sleeping units in the samebuilding and walls separating dwelling or sleeping units fromother occupancies contiguous to them in the same buildingshall be constructed as fire partitions in accordance with Sec-tion 708.

420.3 Horizontal separation. Floor assemblies separatingdwelling units in the same buildings, floor assemblies sepa-rating sleeping units in the same building and floor assem-blies separating dwelling or sleeping units from otheroccupancies contiguous to them in the same building shall beconstructed as horizontal assemblies in accordance with Sec-tion 711.

[F] 420.4 Automatic sprinkler system. Group R occupan-cies shall be equipped throughout with an automatic sprinklersystem in accordance with Section 903.2.8. Group I-1 occu-pancies shall be equipped throughout with an automaticsprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.2.6. Quick-response or residential automatic sprinklers shall be installedin accordance with Section 903.3.2.

[F] 420.5 Smoke detection and fire alarm systems. Firealarm systems and smoke alarms shall be provided in GroupI-1, R-1 and R-2 occupancies in accordance with Sections907.2.6, 907.2.8 and 907.2.9, respectively. Single-or multi-ple-station smoke alarms shall be in accordance with Section907.2.11.

420.6 Carbon monoxide alarms. (HCD 1, HCD 2 & HCD 1-AC)

420.6.1 Carbon monoxide alarms in new construction.Newly constructed Group R occupancies located in abuilding containing a fuel-burning appliance or a buildingthat has an attached garage shall be equipped with singlestation carbon monoxide alarms. The carbon monoxidealarms shall be listed as complying with UL 2034 andshall be installed and maintained in accordance withNFPA 720 and the manufacturer’s instructions. An openparking garage, as defined in the California BuildingCode, or an enclosed parking garage ventilated in accor-dance with the California Mechanical Code shall not bedeemed to be an attached garage.

Exception: Sleeping units or dwelling units that do notthemselves contain a fuel-burning appliance or have anattached garage, but that are located in a building witha fuel-burning appliance or an attached garage, neednot be provided with single station carbon monoxidealarms provided that:

1. The sleeping unit or dwelling unit is located morethan one story above or below any story that con-tains a fuel-burning appliance or an attachedgarage; and

2. The sleeping unit or dwelling unit is not con-nected by duct work or ventilation shafts to anyroom containing a fuel-burning appliance or toan attached garage; and

3. The building is equipped with a common areacarbon monoxide detection system that includesall enclosed common area spaces.

420.6.1.1 Carbon monoxide detection systems. Carbonmonoxide detection systems that include carbon mon-oxide detectors and audible notification appliancesinstalled and maintained in accordance with this sec-tion for carbon monoxide alarms and NFPA 720 shallbe permitted. The carbon monoxide detectors shall belisted as complying with UL 2075.

420.6.1.2 Power supply. Carbon monoxide alarmsshall receive their primary power from the buildingwiring where such wiring is served from a commercialsource and shall be equipped with a battery back-up.Alarm wiring shall be directly connected to the perma-

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nent building wiring without a disconnecting switchother than as required for overcurrent protection.

Exceptions:

1. Where there is no commercial power supply,the carbon monoxide alarm may be solely bat-tery operated.

2. Other power sources recognized for use byNFPA 720.

420.6.1.3 Interconnection. Where more than one car-bon monoxide alarm is required to be installed withinthe dwelling unit or within a sleeping unit, the alarmshall be interconnected in a manner that activation ofone alarm shall activate all of the alarms in the individ-ual unit.

420.6.1.4 Alarm requirements. No person shall install,market, distribute, offer for sale, or sell any carbonmonoxide device in the State of California unless thedevice and instructions have been approved and listedby the State Fire Marshal.

Carbon monoxide alarms required by Section420.6.1 shall be installed and maintained in the follow-ing locations:

1. Outside of each separate dwelling unit sleepingarea in the immediate vicinity of the bedroom(s).

2. On every level of a dwelling unit including base-ments.

3. Group R-1 Occupancies only.

a. On the ceiling of every sleeping unit or otherlocations within the sleeping unit in compli-ance with the manufacturer’s installationinstructions.

420.6.1.5 Multiple-purpose alarms. Carbon monoxidealarms combined with smoke alarms shall comply withSection 420.6, all applicable standards, and require-ments for listing and approval by the Office of the StateFire Marshal, for smoke alarms.

420.6.1.6 Visible alarms. In buildings containing cov-ered multifamily dwellings as defined in Chapter 11A,with fuel-burning appliances and/or attached garagesas described in Section 420.6.1, all required carbonmonoxide alarms shall be equipped with the capabilityto support visible alarm notification in accordance withNFPA 720.

420.6.2 Carbon monoxide alarms in existing dwellingsor sleeping units. Existing Group R occupancies locatedin a building with a fossil fuel-burning heater or appli-ance, fireplace or an attached garage shall have singlestation carbon monoxide alarms installed in accordancewith this section. The carbon monoxide alarms shall belisted as complying with UL 2034 and be installed andmaintained in accordance with NFPA 720 and the manu-facturer’s instructions.

An open parking garage, as defined in the CaliforniaBuilding Code, or an enclosed parking garage ventilated

in accordance with the California Mechanical Code shallnot be deemed to be an attached garage.

Exception: Sleeping units or dwelling units that do notthemselves contain a fossil fuel-burning heater orappliance, fireplace or an attached garage, but that arelocated in a building with a fossil fuel-burning appli-ance or an attached garage, need not be provided withsingle station carbon monoxide alarms provided that:

1. The sleeping unit or dwelling unit is located morethan one story above or below any story that con-tains a fuel-burning appliance or an attachedgarage; and

2. The sleeping unit or dwelling unit is not con-nected by duct work or ventilation shafts to anyroom containing a fuel-burning appliance or toan attached garage; and

3. The building is equipped with a common areacarbon monoxide detection system, carbon mon-oxide detector or combination detector in thesame space as permanently installed fuel-burningappliance(s).

420.6.2.1 Carbon monoxide detection systems. Carbonmonoxide detection systems that include carbon mon-oxide detectors and audible notification appliances,installed and maintained in accordance with this sec-tion for carbon monoxide alarms and NFPA 720 shallbe permitted. The carbon monoxide detectors shall belisted as complying with UL 2075.

420.6.2.2 Existing dwellings or sleeping units requir-ing a permit. When a permit is required for alterations,repairs or additions with a total cost or calculated val-uation exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000), exist-ing dwellings or sleeping units with a fossil fuel-burning heater or appliance, fireplace or an attachedgarage shall have a carbon monoxide alarm installedin accordance with Section 420.6.2. Carbon monoxidealarms shall only be required in the specific dwellingunit or sleeping unit for which the permit was obtained.

420.6.2.3 Existing dwellings or sleeping units notrequiring a permit (no construction taking place).Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 17926, acarbon monoxide alarm(s) shall be installed in everyexisting dwelling unit or sleeping unit with a fossil fuel-burning heater or appliance, fireplace or an attachedgarage as follows:

420.6.2.3.1 Carbon monoxide alarms on or afterJuly 1, 2011. Carbon monoxide alarms shall beinstalled in accordance with Section 420.6.2 inexisting detached single-family dwellings or sleep-ing units intended for human occupancy that have afossil fuel-burning heater or appliance, fireplace oran attached garage. Carbon monoxide alarms inexisting buildings are permitted to be solely batteryoperated or plug-in type with battery back-up inareas where no construction is taking place.

420.6.2.3.2 Carbon monoxide alarms on or afterJanuary 1, 2013. Carbon monoxide alarms shall be




installed in accordance with Section 420.6.2 in allother existing dwelling units intended for humanoccupancy as defined in Health and Safety CodeSection 13262(b) that have a fossil fuel-burningheater or appliance, fireplace or an attachedgarage. Carbon monoxide alarms in existing build-ings are permitted to be solely battery operated orplug-in type with battery back-up in areas where noconstruction is taking place.

420.6.2.4 Power supply. Carbon monoxide alarmsshall receive their primary power from the buildingwiring where such wiring is served from a commercialsource and shall be equipped with battery back-up.Alarm wiring shall be directly connected to the perma-nent building wiring without a disconnecting switchother than as required for overcurrent protection.

Exceptions:

1. In existing dwelling units where there is nocommercial power supply, the carbon monox-ide alarm may be solely battery operated.

2. In existing dwelling units, a carbon monoxidealarm is permitted to be solely battery oper-ated or plug-in with a battery backup whererepairs or alterations do not result in theremoval of wall and ceiling finishes.

3. In existing dwelling units, a carbon monoxidealarm is permitted to be solely battery oper-ated or plug-in with battery backup whererepairs or alterations are limited to the exte-rior surfaces of dwellings, such as the replace-ment of roofing or siding, or the addition orreplacement of windows or doors, or the addi-tion of a porch or deck.

4. In existing dwelling units, a carbon monoxidealarm is permitted to be solely battery oper-ated or plug-in with battery backup whenwork is limited to the installation, alterationor repair of plumbing or mechanical systemsor the installation, alteration or repair of elec-trical systems, which do not result in theremoval of interior wall or ceiling finishesexposing the structure.

5. Other power sources recognized for use byNFPA 720.

420.6.2.5 Interconnection. Where more than one car-bon monoxide alarm is required to be installed withinthe dwelling unit or within a sleeping unit, the alarmshall be interconnected in a manner that activation ofone alarm shall activate all of the alarms in the individ-ual unit.

Exceptions:

1. In existing dwelling units or within sleepingunits, interconnection is not required whererepairs do not result in the removal of wall

and ceiling finishes and no previous methodfor interconnection existed.

2. In existing dwelling units, carbon monoxidealarms are not required to be interconnectedwhere no construction is taking place.

3. In existing dwelling units, carbon monoxidealarms are not required to be interconnectedwhere repairs or alterations are limited to theexterior surfaces of dwellings, such as thereplacement of roofing or siding, or the addi-tion or replacement of windows or doors, orthe addition of a porch or deck.

4. In existing dwelling units, carbon monoxidealarms are not required to be interconnectedwhen work is limited to the installation, alter-ation or repair of plumbing or mechanicalsystems or the installation, alteration orrepair of electrical systems, which do notresult in the removal of interior wall or ceilingfinishes exposing the structure.

420.6.2.6 Alarm requirements. No person shall install,market, distribute, offer for sale, or sell any carbonmonoxide device in the State of California unless thedevice and instructions have been approved and listedby the State Fire Marshal.

Carbon monoxide alarms required by Section420.6.2 shall be installed and maintained in the follow-ing locations:

1. Outside of each separate dwelling unit sleepingarea in the immediate vicinity of the bedroom(s).

2. On every level of a dwelling unit including base-ments.

3. Group R-1 Occupancies only.

a. On the ceiling of every sleeping unit or otherlocations within the sleeping unit in compli-ance with the manufacturer’s installationinstructions.

420.7 (HCD 1) Construction waste management. Recycleand/or salvage for reuse a minimum of 50 percent of the non-hazardous construction and demolition waste in accordancewith the California Green Building Standards Code (CAL-Green), Chapter 4, Division 4.4.

420.8 Special provisions for residential hotels. (HCD 1 &HCD 1-AC)

420.8.1 Locking mail receptacles. A locking mail recepta-cle for each residential unit shall be provided in all resi-dential hotels pursuant to the requirements specified inHeath and Safety Code Section 17958.3.

420.9 Licensed 24-hour care facilities in a Group R-2.1, R-3.1 or R-4 occupancy. See Section 425 for Special Provisionsfor licensed 24-hour care facilities in a Group R-2.1, R-3.1,or R-4 occupancy.

420.10 Existing Group R Occupancies. See Chapter 34.




SECTION 421HYDROGEN CUTOFF ROOMS

[F] 421.1 General. Where required by the California FireCode, hydrogen cutoff rooms shall be designed and con-structed in accordance with Sections 421.1 through 421.8.

[F] 421.2 Definitions. The following terms are defined inChapter 2:

GASEOUS HYDROGEN SYSTEM.

HYDROGEN CUTOFF ROOM.

[F] 421.3 Location. Hydrogen cutoff rooms shall not belocated below grade.

[F] 421.4 Design and construction. Hydrogen cutoff roomsshall be classified with respect to occupancy in accordancewith Section 302.1 and separated from other areas of thebuilding by not less than 1-hour fire barriers constructed inaccordance with Section 707 or horizontal assemblies con-structed in accordance with Section 711, or both; or asrequired by Section 508.2, 508.3 or 508.4, as applicable.

[F] 421.4.1 Opening protectives. Doors within the firebarriers, including doors to corridors, shall be self-closingin accordance with Section 716. Interior door openingsshall be electronically interlocked to prevent operation ofthe hydrogen system when doors are opened or ajar or theroom shall be provided with a mechanical exhaust ventila-tion system designed in accordance with Section421.4.1.1.

[F] 421.4.1.1 Ventilation alternative. Where anexhaust system is used in lieu of the interlock systemrequired by Section 421.4.1, exhaust ventilation sys-tems shall operate continuously and shall be designedto operate at a negative pressure in relation to the sur-rounding area. The average velocity of ventilation atthe face of the door opening with the door in the fullyopen position shall not be less than 60 feet per minute(0.3048 m/s) and not less than 45 feet per minute(0.2287 m/s) at any point in the door opening.

[F] 421.4.2 Windows. Operable windows in interior wallsshall not be permitted. Fixed windows shall be permittedwhere in accordance with Section 716.

[F] 421.5 Ventilation. Cutoff rooms shall be provided withmechanical ventilation in accordance with the applicable pro-visions for repair garages in Chapter 5 of the CaliforniaMechanical Code.

[F] 421.6 Gas detection system. Hydrogen cutoff roomsshall be provided with an approved flammable gas detectionsystem in accordance with Sections 421.6.1 through 421.6.3.

[F] 421.6.1 System design. The flammable gas detectionsystem shall be listed for use with hydrogen and any otherflammable gases used in the room. The gas detection sys-tem shall be designed to activate when the level of flam-mable gas exceeds 25 percent of the lower flammabilitylimit (LFL) for the gas or mixtures present at their antici-pated temperature and pressure.

[F] 421.6.2 Operation. Activation of the gas detectionsystem shall result in all of the following:

1. Initiation of distinct audible and visual alarm signalsboth inside and outside of the cutoff room.

2. Activation of the mechanical ventilation system.

[F] 421.6.3 Failure of the gas detection system. Failureof the gas detection system shall result in activation of themechanical ventilation system, cessation of hydrogen gen-eration and the sounding of a trouble signal in an approvedlocation.

[F] 421.7 Explosion control. Explosion control shall be pro-vided in accordance with Chapter 9 of the California FireCode.

[F] 421.8 Standby power. Mechanical ventilation and gasdetection systems shall be connected to a standby power sys-tem in accordance with Chapter 27.

SECTION 422AMBULATORY CARE FACILITIES

422.1 General. Occupancies classified as ambulatory carefacilities shall comply with the provisions of Sections 422.1through 422.7 and other applicable provisions of this code.

422.2 Separation. Ambulatory care facilities where thepotential for four or more care recipients are to be incapableof self-preservation at any time, whether rendered incapableby staff or staff accepted responsibility for a care recipientalready incapable, shall be separated from adjacent spaces,corridors or tenants with a fire partition installed in accor-dance with Section 708.

422.3 Smoke compartments. Where the aggregate area ofone or more ambulatory care facilities is greater than 10,000square feet (929 m2) on one story, the story shall be providedwith a smoke barrier to subdivide the story into no fewer thantwo smoke compartments. The area of any one such smokecompartment shall be not greater than 22,500 square feet(2092 m2). The travel distance from any point in a smokecompartment to a smoke barrier door shall be not greater than200 feet (60 960 mm). The smoke barrier shall be installed inaccordance with Section 709 with the exception that smokebarriers shall be continuous from outside wall to an outsidewall, a floor to a floor, or from a smoke barrier to a smokebarrier or a combination thereof.

422.4 Refuge area. Not less than 30 net square feet (2.8 m2)for each nonambulatory care recipient shall be providedwithin the aggregate area of corridors, care recipient rooms,treatment rooms, lounge or dining areas and other low-hazardareas within each smoke compartment. Each occupant of anambulatory care facility shall be provided with access to arefuge area without passing through or utilizing adjacent ten-ant spaces.

422.5 Independent egress. A means of egress shall be pro-vided from each smoke compartment created by smoke barri-ers without having to return through the smoke compartmentfrom which means of egress originated.

[F] 422.6 Automatic sprinkler systems. Automatic sprin-kler systems shall be provided for ambulatory care facilitiesin accordance with Section 903.2.2.




[F] 422.7 Fire alarm systems. A fire alarm system shall beprovided for ambulatory care facilities in accordance withSection 907.2.2.1.

SECTION 423STORM SHELTERS

423.1 General. In addition to other applicable requirementsin this code, storm shelters shall be constructed in accordancewith ICC-500.

423.1.1 Scope. This section applies to the construction ofstorm shelters constructed as separate detached buildingsor constructed as safe rooms within buildings for the pur-pose of providing safe refuge from storms that producehigh winds, such as tornados and hurricanes. Such struc-tures shall be designated to be hurricane shelters, tornadoshelters, or combined hurricane and tornado shelters.


STORM SHELTER.

Community storm shelter.

Residential storm shelter.

SECTION 424CHILDREN’S PLAY STRUCTURES

424.1 Children’s play structures. Children’s play structuresinstalled inside all occupancies covered by this code thatexceed 10 feet (3048 mm) in height and 150 square feet (14m2) in area shall comply with Sections 424.2 through 424.5.

424.2 Materials. Children’s play structures shall be con-structed of noncombustible materials or of combustible mate-rials that comply with the following:

1. Fire-retardant-treated wood complying with Section2303.2.

2. Light-transmitting plastics complying with Section2606.

3. Foam plastics (including the pipe foam used in soft-contained play equipment structures) having a maxi-mum heat-release rate not greater than 100 kilowattswhen tested in accordance with UL 1975 or whentested in accordance with NFPA 289, using the 20 kWignition source.

4. Aluminum composite material (ACM) meeting therequirements of Class A interior finish in accordancewith Chapter 8 when tested as an assembly in the maxi-mum thickness intended for use.

5. Textiles and films complying with the flame propaga-tion performance criteria contained in NFPA 701.

6. Plastic materials used to construct rigid components ofsoft-contained play equipment structures (such astubes, windows, panels, junction boxes, pipes, slidesand decks) exhibiting a peak rate of heat release notexceeding 400 kW/ m2 when tested in accordance with

ASTM E 1354 at an incident heat flux of 50 kW/m2 inthe horizontal orientation at a thickness of 6 mm.

7. Ball pool balls, used in soft-contained play equipmentstructures, having a maximum heat-release rate notgreater than 100 kilowatts when tested in accordancewith UL 1975 or when tested in accordance with NFPA289, using the 20 kW ignition source. The minimumspecimen test size shall be 36 inches by 36 inches (914mm by 914 mm) by an average of 21 inches (533 mm)deep, and the balls shall be held in a box constructed ofgalvanized steel poultry netting wire mesh.

8. Foam plastics shall be covered by a fabric, coating orfilm meeting the flame propagation performance crite-ria of NFPA 701.

9. The floor covering placed under the children’s playstructure shall exhibit a Class I interior floor finish clas-sification, as described in Section 804, when tested inaccordance with NFPA 253.

[F] 424.3 Fire protection. Children’s play structures shall beprovided with the same level of approved fire suppressionand detection devices required for other structures in thesame occupancy.

424.4 Separation. Children’s play structures shall have ahorizontal separation from building walls, partitions and fromelements of the means of egress of not less than 5 feet (1524mm). Children’s playground structures shall have a horizon-tal separation from other children’s play structures of not lessthan 20 feet (6090 mm).

424.5 Area limits. Children’s play structures shall be notgreater than 300 square feet (28 m2) in area, unless a specialinvestigation, acceptable to the building official, has demon-strated adequate fire safety.

SECTION 425SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR LICENSED 24-HOUR CARE FACILITIES IN A GROUP R-2.1, R-3.1, R-4

[SFM]425.1 Scope. The provisions of this section shall apply to 24-hour care facilities in a Group R-2.1, R-3.1 or R-4 occupancylicensed by a governmental agency.

425.2 General. The provisions in this section shall apply inaddition to general requirements in this code.

425.2.1 Restraint shall not be practiced in a Group R-2.1,R-3.1 or R-4 Occupancies.

Exception: Occupancies which meet all the require-ments for a Group I-3 Occupancy.

425.2.2 Pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section13133, regulations of the state fire marshal pertaining tooccupancies classified as Residential Facilities (RF) andResidential Care Facilities for the Elderly (RCFE) shallapply uniformly throughout the state and no city, county,city and county, including a charter city or charter county,or fire protection district shall adopt or enforce any ordi-nance or local rule or regulation relating to fire and panicsafety which is inconsistent with these regulations. A city,county, city and county, including a charter city or charter




county may pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section13143.5, or a fire protection district may pursuant toHealth and Safety Code Section 13869.7, adopt standardsmore stringent than those adopted by the state fire mar-shal that are reasonably necessary to accommodate localclimate, geological or topographical conditions relatingto roof coverings for Residential Care Facilities for theElderly.

Exception: Local regulations relating to roof coveringsin facilities licensed as a residential care facility for theelderly (RCFE) per Health and Safety Code Section13133.

425.3 Building height and area provisions.

425.3.1 Group R-2.1, R-3.1 and R-4 shall be constructedin accordance with Table 503.

425.3.2 Limitations six or less clients. Group R-3.1 occu-pancies where nonambulatory clients are housed abovethe first story, having more than two stories in height orhaving more than 3,000 square feet (279 m2) of floor areaabove the first story shall not be of less than one-hour fire-resistance-rated construction throughout.

In Group R3.1 occupancies housing a bedridden client,the client sleeping room shall not be located above orbelow the first story.

Exception: Clients who become bedridden as a resultof a temporary illness as defined in Health and SafetyCode Sections 1566.45, 1568.0832 and 1569.72. A tem-porary illness is an illness, which persists for 14 daysor less. A bedridden client may be retained in excess ofthe 14 days upon approval by the Department of SocialServices and may continue to be housed on any story ina Group R-3.1 occupancy classified as a licensed resi-dential facility.

Every licensee admitting or retaining a bedriddenresident shall, within 48 hours of the resident’s admis-sion or retention in the facility, notify the local fireauthority with jurisdiction of the estimated length oftime the resident will retain his or her bedridden statusin the facility.

425.3.3 Limitations seven or more clients. Group R-4occupancies where nonambulatory clients are housedabove the first story and there is more than 3,000 squarefeet (279 m2) of floor area above the first story or housingmore than 16 clients above the first story shall be con-structed of not less than one-hour fire-resistance-ratedconstruction throughout.

425.3.4 Nonambulatory elderly clients. Group R-4 occu-pancies housing nonambulatory elderly clients shall be ofnot less than one-hour fire-resistance-rated constructionthroughout.

425.4 Type of construction provisions.

425.4.1 Group R-2.1, occupancies are not permitted innonfire-resistance-rated construction, see Health andSafety Code Section 13131.5.

425.5 Fire-resistance-rated construction provisions.

425.5.1 Smoke barriers required. Group R-2.1 and R-4occupancies licensed as a Residential Care Facility (RCF)with individual floor areas over 6,000 square feet (557 m2)

per floor, shall be provided with smoke barriers, con-structed in accordance with Section 709.

Group R-2.1 occupancies housing bedridden clientsshall be provided with smoke barriers constructed inaccordance with Section 709 regardless of the number ofclients.

When smoke barriers are required, the area within asmoke compartment shall not exceed 22,500 square feet(2090 m2) nor shall its travel distance exceed 200 feet (60960 mm). Such smoke barriers shall divide the floor asequally as possible.

425.5.2 Smoke partitions. Group R-2.1 occupancieswhere smoke partitions are required, framing shall becovered with noncombustible materials having anapproved thermal barrier with an index of not less than 15in accordance with FM 4880, UL 1040, NFPA 286 or UL1715.

425.5.3 Independent egress. At least two means of egressshall be provided from each smoke compartment createdby smoke barriers. Means of egress may pass throughadjacent compartments provided it does not returnthrough the smoke compartment from which means ofegress originated.

425.6 Interior finish provisions.

425.6.1 Interior wall and ceiling finish. Group R-3.1occupancies housing a bedridden client shall comply withinterior wall and ceiling finish requirements specified forGroup I-2 occupancies in Table 803.9.

425.6.2 Safety padding. Padding material used on walls,floors and ceilings in Group I and R-2.1 occupancies shallbe of an approved type tested in accordance with the pro-cedures established by State Fire Marshal Standard 12-8-100, Room Fire Test for Wall and Ceiling Materials, Cali-fornia Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 12.

425.7 Fire protection system provisions.

425.7.1 Automatic sprinkler systems in Group R-2.1, R-3.1 and R-4 occupancies. An automatic sprinkler systemshall be installed where required in Section 903.

425.7.2 Fire alarm systems in Group R-2.1 and R-4occupancies. An approved fire alarm system shall beinstalled where required in Section 907.

425.7.3 Smoke alarms in Groups R-2.1, R-3.1 and R-4occupancies. Smoke alarms shall be installed whererequired in Section 907.2.11.1.

425.7.4 Hearing impaired. See Section 907.5.2.3.

425.8 Means of egress provisions.

425.8.1 General. In addition to the general means ofegress requirements of Chapter 10, this section shall applyto Group R-2.1, R-3.1 and R-4 occupancies.

425.8.2 Number of exits.


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425.8.2.1 Group R-2.1, R-3.1 and R-4 occupanciesshall have a minimum of two exits.

Exception: Ancillary use areas or occupancies shallhave egress as required by Section 1021.

425.8.3 Egress arrangements.

425.8.3.1 Egress through adjoining dwelling units shallnot be permitted.

425.8.3.2 Group R-3.1 occupancies housing non-ambulatory clients. In a Group R-3.1 occupancy, bed-rooms used by nonambulatory clients shall have accessto at least one of the required exits which shall conformto one of the following:

1. Egress through a hallway or area into a bedroomin the immediate area which has an exit directlyto the exterior and the corridor/hallway is con-structed consistent with the dwelling unit interiorwalls. The hallway shall be separated from com-mon areas by a solid wood door not less than 13/8

inch (35 mm) in thickness, maintained self-clos-ing or shall be automatic closing by actuation ofa smoke detector installed in accordance withSection 715.4.8.

2. Egress through a hallway which has an exitdirectly to the exterior. The hallway shall be sep-arated from the rest of the house by a wall con-structed consistent with the dwelling unit interiorwalls and opening protected by a solid wooddoor not less than 13/8 inch (35 mm) in thickness,maintained self-closing or shall be automaticclosing by actuation of a smoke detector installedin accordance with Section 715.4.8.

3. Direct exit from the bedroom to the exterior shallbe of a size as to permit the installation of a doornot less than 3 feet (914 mm) in width and notless than 6 feet 8 inches (2032 mm) in height.When installed, doors shall be capable of open-ing at least 90 degrees and shall be so mountedthat the clear width of the exit way is not lessthan 32 inches (813 mm).

4. Egress through an adjoining bedroom whichexits to the exterior.

425.8.3.3 Group R-3.1 occupancies housing only onebedridden client. In Group R-3.1 occupancies housinga bedridden client and not provided with an approvedautomatic sprinkler system, all of the following shallapply:

1. In Group R-3.1 occupancies housing a bedriddenclient, a direct exit to the exterior of the residenceshall be provided from the client sleeping room.

2. Doors to a bedridden client’s sleeping room shallbe of a self-closing, positive latching 1-3/8 inchsolid wood door. Such doors shall be providedwith a gasket so installed as to provide a sealwhere the door meets the jam on both sides andacross the top. Doors shall be maintained self-closing or shall be automatic closing by actua-

tion of a smoke alarm in accordance with Section715.4.8.

3. Group R-3.1 occupancies housing a bedriddenclient, shall not have a night latch, dead bolt,security chain or any similar locking deviceinstalled on any interior door leading from a bed-ridden client’s sleeping room to any interior areasuch as a corridor, hallway and or general useareas of the residence in accordance with Chap-ter 10.

4. The exterior exit door to a bedridden client’ssleeping room shall be operable from both theinterior and exterior of the residence.

5. Every required exit doorway from a bedriddenclient sleeping room shall be of a size as to per-mit the installation of a door not less than 3 feet(914 mm) in width and not less than 6 feet 8inches (2032 mm) in height. When installed inexit doorways, exit doors shall be capable ofopening at least 90 degrees and shall be somounted that the clear width of the exit way is notless than 32 inches (813 mm).

Note: A sliding glass door can be used as an exteriorexit doorway as long as it is operable from the insideand outside and the clear width of the exit way is notless than 32 inches (813 mm).

425.8.3.4 Intervening rooms. A means of exit shall notpass through more than one intervening room. A meansof egress shall not pass through kitchens, storerooms,closets, garages or spaces used for similar purposes.

Exception: Kitchens which do not form separaterooms by construction.

425.8.4 Corridors.

425.8.4.1 Unless specified by Section 425.8.4, corri-dors serving Group R-2.1 and Group R-4 occupanciesshall comply with Section 1018.1.

425.8.4.2 The minimum clear width of a corridor shallbe as follows:

1. Group R-2.1 occupancies shall have 60 inches(1524 mm) on floors housing nonambulatory cli-ents and 44 inches (1118 mm) on floors housingonly ambulatory clients.

2. Group R-4 occupancies shall have 44 inches(1118 mm) on floors housing clients.

Exceptions:

1. Corridors serving an occupant load of 10 orless shall not be less than 36 inches (914 mm)in width.

2. Corridors serving ambulatory persons onlyand having an occupant load of 49 or lessshall not be less than 36 inches (914 mm) inwidth.

3. Group R-4 occupancies shall have 36 inches(914 mm) on floors housing clients.


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In Group R-2.1 occupancies provided with firesprinklers throughout and which are required to haverated corridors, door closers need not be installed ondoors to client sleeping rooms.

425.8.4.3 In a Group R-2.1 and Group R-4 occupancieshaving smoke barriers, cross-corridor doors in corri-dors 6 feet (1829 mm) or less in width shall have, as aminimum, a door 36 inches (914 mm) in width.

425.8.5 Changes in level. In Group R-3.1 occupancieshousing nonambulatory clients interior changes in levelup to 0.25 inch (6 mm) may be vertical and without edgetreatment. Changes in level between 0.25 inch (6 mm) and0.5 inch (12.7 mm) shall be beveled with a slope nogreater than 1 unit vertical in 2 units horizontal (50 per-cent slope). Changes in level greater than 0.5 inch (12.7mm) shall be accomplished by means of a ramp.

425.8.6 Stairways.

425.8.6.1 Group R-2.1 and Group R-4 occupancieshousing more than six nonambulatory clients above thefirst floor shall be provided with two vertical exit enclo-sures. Stairway enclosures shall be in compliance withSection 1020. Exceptions to Section 1020 shall notapply in facilities licensed as a 24-hour care facility.

425.8.6.2 Group R-3.1 occupancies may continue touse existing stairways (except for winding and spiralstairways which are not permitted as a required meansof egress) provided the stairs have a maximum rise of 8inches (203 mm) with a minimum run of 9 inches (229mm). The minimum stairway width may be 30 inches(762 mm).

425.8.7 Floor separation. Group R-3.1 occupancies shallbe provided with a nonfire resistance constructed floorseparation at stairs which will prevent smoke migrationbetween floors. Such floor separation shall have equiva-lent construction of 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) gypsum wallboardon one side of wall framing.

Exceptions:

1. Occupancies with at least one exterior exit fromfloors occupied by clients.

2. Occupancies provided with automatic fire sprin-kler systems complying with Chapter 9.

425.8.7.1 Doors within floor separations. Doors withinsuch floor separations shall be tight fitting solid woodat least 13/8 inches (35 mm) in thickness. Door glazingshall not exceed 1296 square inches (32 918 mm2) withno dimension greater than 54 inches (1372 mm). Suchdoors shall be positive latching, smoke gasketed andshall be automatic-closing by smoke detection.

425.8.8 Fences and gates. Grounds of a Residential CareFacility for the Elderly serving Alzheimer clients may befenced and gates therein equipped with locks, providedsafe dispersal areas are located not less than 50 feet (15240 mm) from the buildings. Dispersal areas shall be sizedto provide an area of not less than 3 square feet (0.28 m2)

per occupant. Gates shall not be installed across corridorsor passageways leading to such dispersal areas unlessthey comply with egress requirements.

425.8.9 Basement exits. One exit is required to gradelevel when the basement is accessible to clients.

425.8.10 Delayed egress locks. See Section 1008.1.8.6.

425.9 Request for alternate means of protection for facilitieshousing bedridden clients. Request for alternate means ofprotection shall apply to Sections 425 through 425.9. Requestfor approval to use an alternative material, assembly ormaterials, equipment, method of construction, method ofinstallation of equipment, or means of protection shall bemade in writing to the local fire authority having jurisdictionby the facility, client or the client’s authorized representative.Sufficient evidence shall be submitted to substantiate the needfor an alternate means of protection.

The facility, client or the client’s representative or thelocal fire authority having jurisdiction may request a writtenopinion from the State Fire Marshal concerning the interpre-tation of the regulations promulgated by the State Fire Mar-shal for a particular factual dispute. The State Fire Marshalshall issue the written opinion within 45 days following therequest.

Approval of a request for use of an alternative material,assembly or materials, equipment, method of construction,method of installation of equipment, or means of protectionmade pursuant to this section shall be limited to Group R, 3.1occupancies housing a bedridden client.

Approvals made by the local fire authority having jurisdic-tion and the written opinion by the State Fire Marshal shallbe applicable only to the requesting facility and shall not beconstrued as establishing any precedent for any futurerequest by that facility or any other facility.

425.10 Temporarily bedridden clients. Clients who becometemporarily bedridden as defined in Health and Safety CodeSection 1569.72, as enforced by the Department of SocialServices, may continue to be housed on any story in Group R-2.1, R-3.1 or R-4 occupancies classified as Residential CareFacilities for the Elderly (RCFE). Every Residential CareFacility for the Elderly (RCFE) admitting or retaining a bed-ridden resident shall, within 48 hours of the resident’s admis-sion or retention in the facility, notify the local fire authoritywith jurisdiction of the estimated length of time the residentwill retain his or her bedridden status in the facility.

SECTION 426GROUP I-4 [SFM]

426.1 Group I-4 special provisions. Rooms classified asGroup I-4 shall not be located above or below the first story.

Exceptions:

1. Basements or stories having floor levels locatedwithin 4 feet (1219 mm), measured vertically, fromadjacent ground level at the level of exit discharge,provided the basement or story has exterior exitdoors at that level.

2. In buildings equipped with an automatic sprinklersystem throughout, rooms used for kindergarten,first- and second-grade children or for day-carepurposes may be located on the second story, pro-




vided there are at least two exterior exit doors, orother egress systems complying with Section 1017with two exits, for the exclusive use of such occu-pants. Egress systems for the exclusive use of suchoccupants shall be maintained until exit dischargeat grade is attained.

3. Group I-4 child-care facilities may be located abovethe first story in buildings of Type I construction andin Types Il-A and Ill-A construction, subject to thelimitation of Section 503 when:

3.1. Group I-4 childcare facilities with childrenunder the age of seven or containing more than12 children per story shall not be located abovethe fourth floor; and

3.2. The entire story in which the Group I-4 child-care facility is located is equipped with anapproved manual fire alarm and smoke-detec-tion system. (See the Fire Code.) Actuation ofan initiating device shall sound an audiblealarm throughout the entire story. When abuilding fire alarm system is required by otherprovisions of this code or the Fire Code, thealarm system shall be connected to the buildingalarm system. An approved alarm signal shallsound at an approved location in the Group I-4child-care facility to indicate a fire alarm orsprinkler flow condition in other portions of thebuilding; and

3.3 Group I-4 child-care facilities, if more than1,000 square feet (92.9 m2) in area, is dividedinto at least two compartments of approxi-mately the same size by a smoke barrier withdoor openings protected by smoke- and draft-control assemblies having a fire-protection rat-ing of not less than 20 minutes. Smoke barriersshall have a fire-resistive rating of not less thanone hour. In addition to the requirements ofSection 508.3.3, occupancy separationsbetween Group I-4 child-care and other occu-pancies shall be constructed as smoke barriers.Door openings in the smoke barrier shall betightfittinq, with gaskets installed as requiredby Section 710, and shall be automatic closingby actuation of the automatic sprinklers, firealarm or smoke-detection system.

3.4. Each compartment formed by the smoke barrierhas not less than two exits or exit access doors,one of which is permitted to pass through theadjoining compartment; and

3.5. Where two or more exits or exit access arerequired at least one shall not share a commonpath of travel.

3.6. The building is equipped with an automaticsprinkler system throughout.

SECTION 427Reserved

SECTION 428Reserved

SECTION 429Reserved

SECTION 430HORSE RACING STABLES [SFM]

430.1 For automatic sprinkler and fire alarm system require-ments applying to each building, barn or structure which isused by an association regulated by the California HorseRacing Board for the stabling of horses or human habitation,and the stable area grounds, including any additional loca-tion where any excess horses are stabled see Title 4, Division4, Article 17, Section 1927.

SECTION 431PET KENNELS [SFM]

431.1 These regulations shall apply to every building or firearea in which a pet dealer, as defined in Health and SafetyCode Section 122125, maintains a kennel.

431.2 Automatic sprinkler system. An approved automaticsprinkler system complying with California Fire Code Sec-tion 903 shall be installed.

Exception: Where a fire alarm system that is connected toa central reporting station that alerts the local fire depart-ment in case of fire.

SECTION 432COMBUSTION ENGINES

AND GAS TURBINES [SFM]

432.1 General. The installation of combustion engines andgas turbines shall be in accordance with NFPA-37 and thischapter.

432.2 Separation.

432.2.1 Construction. Every room in which is installed acombustion engine or gas turbine shall be separated fromthe remainder of the building by not less than a one-hourfire barrier.

432.2.2 Exterior openings. When doors, windows or lou-vered openings are located below openings in anotherstory or less than 10 feet (3048 mm) from doors, windowsor louvered openings of the same building, they shall beprotected by a fire assembly having a 3/4-hour rating. Suchfire assemblies shall be fixed, automatic or self-closing.

432.2.2.1 Interior openings. In other than buildingshousing Group I and R-2.1 occupancies, interior open-ings shall be allowed in buildings protected by an auto-matic fire sprinkler system throughout.

432.2.3 Location. Combustion engines and gas turbinesused for emergency power shall not be located in a roomor area used for any other purpose other than equipment




and controls related to the generation and distribution ofemergency power.

432.2.4 Special hazards. The handling and use of flamma-ble or combustible liquids shall comply with the Califor-nia Fire Code.

SECTION 433FIXED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT SYSTEMS [SFM]

433.1 General.

433.1.1 Scope. The provisions of this section shall apply tobuildings or structures defined as stations for fixed guide-way transit systems and shall supersede other similarrequirements in other sections of this code.

433.1.2 Definitions. For the purpose of this section, cer-tain terms are defined as follows:

AT-GRADE STATION. Any at-grade or unroofed stationother than an elevated or underground station.

ELEVATED STATION. A station greater than one storynot otherwise defined as an at-grade or underground sta-tion.

EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PANEL (EMP). Thelocation where all necessary on-site control and communi-cation facilities are consolidated for effective response toemergency situations.

ENCLOSED STATION. A station or portion thereof thatdoes not meet the definition of an open station.

ENGINEERING ANALYSIS (FIRE HAZARD/FIRERISK ASSESSMENT). An analysis that evaluates all var-ious factors that affect the fire safety of the system or com-ponent. A written report of the analysis shall indicate thefire protection method(s) recommended that demonstratesa level of fire safety commensurate with this standard.

FIXED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT SYSTEM (the system).An automated driverless or manually controlled electrifiedtransportation system, utilizing a fixed guideway, operat-ing on right-of-way for the mass movement of passengersand consisting of its fixed guideways, transit vehicles andother rolling stock; power system; buildings; maintenancefacilities; stations; transit vehicle yard; and other station-ary and movable apparatus, equipment, appurtenancesand structures.

GUIDEWAY. That portion of the system on which thetransit vehicles operate.

OPEN STATION. A station that is constructed in such amanner that it is open to the atmosphere, and smoke andheat are allowed to disperse directly into the atmosphere.The following enclosed areas in open stations are permit-ted but limited to:

1. Ticket/pass booths not exceeding 150 square feet(13.9 m2) in area.

2. Mechanical and electrical spaces typically not usedfor human occupancy and necessary for the opera-tion of a fixed guideway transit system. Such spacesshall be limited to two per level.

3. Restrooms not exceeding 150 square feet (13.9 m2)

in area. A maximum of four restrooms are permittedper level.

OPERATIONS CONTROL CENTER (OCC) (CEN-TRAL CONTROL). The operation center where theauthority controls and coordinates the system-wide move-ment of passengers and trains from which communicationis maintained with supervisory and operating personnel ofthe authority, and with participating agencies whenrequired.

POINT OF SAFETY. An enclosed fire exit that leads to apublic way or safe location outside the structure, or an at-grade point beyond any enclosing structure, or other areathat affords adequate protection for passengers.

POWER SUBSTATION. The location of electric equip-ment that does not generate electricity but receives andconverts or transforms generated energy to usable electricenergy.

STATION. A place designated for the purpose of loadingand unloading passengers, including patron service areasand ancillary spaces associated with the same structure.

STATION PLATFORM. The area of a station used pri-marily for loading and unloading transit vehicle passen-gers.

UNDERGROUND STATION. A station or that part of astation located beneath the surface of the earth or of thewater.

433.2 Types of Construction.

433.2.1 Unless otherwise specified in this section, build-ings or portions of buildings classed as stations of fixedguideway transit systems shall be minimum Type IA, TypeIB or Type II-A construction and shall not exceed in areaor height the limits specified in Table 503.

Underground stations shall be a minimum Type I orType I-B constructions.

Open stations may be of Type II-B construction andshall not exceed in area or height as required by Table503 for Type II-A.

Exception: At-grade structures of open stations with anoccupancy load not exceeding 300 persons may be ofany construction type permitted by this code.

433.2.2 Mixed occupancies.

433.2.2.1 Stations of fixed guideway transit systemsshall be separated from other occupancies in accor-dance with Table 508.4 for Group A Occupancies.

433.2.2.2 The following areas shall be separated frompublic areas by a two-hour fire barrier:

1. Electrical control rooms, auxiliary electricalrooms and associated battery rooms

2. Trash rooms

3. Train control rooms and associated batteryrooms

4. Fan rooms




5. Emergency generator rooms

433.2.2.3 Within station structures, all power substa-tions shall be separated from all other areas by a three-hour fire barrier with no openings to public areas.

433.3 Access and exit facilities.

433.3.1 Occupant load. The occupant load for a transitstation shall be based on the emergency condition requir-ing evacuation of that station to a point of safety. The sta-tion occupant load shall be the sum of the number ofpersons in the calculated train load of trains entering astation plus the entraining load of persons awaitingtrain(s), during a specified time period. Notwithstanding,the minimum occupant load shall not be less than the max-imum capacity load of a train which would occupy theentire length of the station platform on a single track. Exit-ing shall be provided for occupant loads recalculatedupon increase in service and/ or every five years.

433.3.1.1 Calculated train load. The calculated trainload is the number of passengers on trains simultane-ously entering the station on all tracks in normal trafficdirection during the peak 15-minute period.

The following limitations to the calculated train loadshall be applied:

1. No more than one train will unload at any onetrack to a platform during an emergency.

2. The load on any single train is limited to the max-imum train capacity.

433.3.1.2 Entraining load (on platform awaitingtrain). The entraining load is equal to the number ofpassengers that would accumulate on the platform inthe time period equivalent to two headways or 12 min-utes during the peak 15-minute period, whichever timeperiod is greater.

This entraining load is constrained as stated as fol-lows:

1. Special consideration shall be given to stationsservicing areas where events occur that establishoccupant loads not included in normal passengerloads. These would include such areas as civiccenters, sports complexes and convention cen-ters.

2. At multiplatform stations, each platform shall beconsidered separately. Arrival of trains from allnormal traffic directions, plus their entrainingloads, shall be considered.

3. At concourses, mezzanines or multilevel stations,simultaneous platform loads shall be consideredfor all exit lanes passing through that area.

433.3.2 Exits required.

433.3.2.1 Number of exits. Stations shall have at leasttwo exits placed a distance apart equal to not less thanone half of the length of the maximum overall diagonal

dimension of the station. Enclosed station platformsshall have a minimum of one exit within 20 feet (6096mm) from each end. Underground station platformsshall have a minimum of one enclosed exit within 20feet (6096 mm) from each end. Routes from platformends into the underground guideway shall not be con-sidered as exits for calculating exiting requirements.

433.3.2.2 Capacity of exits and station evacuationtime.

433.3.2.2.1 Exit capacities shall be calculated onthe basis of 22-inch-wide (559 mm) exit lanes at theclear and narrowest point except that individualhandrails may project into the required width aspermitted by Chapter 10. Fractional lanes shall notbe counted in measuring exit capacities except that12 inches (305 mm) added to one or more lanesshall be counted as one-half a lane. Escalators 32inches (813 mm) in width may be considered as 11/2

lanes.

433.3.2.2.2 There shall be sufficient means of exit toevacuate the station occupant load from the stationplatforms in four minutes or less.

433.3.2.2.3 The station shall also be designed topermit evacuation from the most remote point on theplatform to a point of safety in six minutes or less.

433.3.2.2.4 In at-grade or elevated structures sodesigned that the station platform is open to the ele-ments and, when the concourse is below or pro-tected from the platform by distance or materials asdetermined by an appropriate engineering analysis,that concourse may be defined as a point of safety,with Fire Code Official concurrence.

433.3.2.2.5 To calculate evacuation time, the walk-ing travel time should be tabulated using the longestexit route and travel speeds. To this time should beadded the following factors:

1. The waiting time at the vertical elements atplatform level minus the longest walkingtravel time at platform level.

2. The waiting time at the fare collection barri-ers minus the waiting time at the platform ver-tical circulation elements.

3. The waiting time at the vertical or horizontalcirculation elements from mezzanine to grademinus the waiting time at the platform verticalcirculation elements or fare collection barrier,whichever is greater.

4. The waiting time, if any, at any additionalconstriction minus the greatest previous wait-ing time. (Repeat for all additional constric-tions.)

Note: The total of any of the factors in Items 1through 4 above cannot be less than zero.




433.3.3 Exit width and exit lanes.

433.3.3.1 The capacity in persons per minute (ppm),patron travel speeds in feet per minute (fpm) andrequirements for exit lanes shall be as follows:

1. Platforms, corridors and ramps of 1 foot verticalfor 20 feet horizontal (5 percent slope) or less:Exit corridors, platforms and ramps shall be aminimum clear width of 5 feet (1524 mm). Incomputing the number of exit lanes available, 1foot 6 inches (457 mm) shall be deducted at eachplatform edge and 1 foot (305 mm) at each sidewall.

Per exit lane:

Capacity – 50 ppm

Travel speed – 200 fpm

2. Stairs, stopped escalators and ramps of over 1foot vertical for 20 feet horizontal (5 percentslope): Exit ramps shall be a minimum clearwidth of 6 feet (1829 mm). Stopped escalatorsmay be considered as a means of egress, pro-vided they are of nominal 2 feet 8 inches (813mm) width.

Per exit lane “up” direction:

Capacity – 35 ppm

Travel speed – 50 fpm*

Per exit lane “down” direction:

Capacity – 40 ppm

Travel speed – 60 fpm*

3. Doors and gates: Gates fitted with approvedpanic hardware and opening in the direction ofexit travel, with minimum nominal width of 3 feet(914 mm) shall be permitted in exit calculation.

Per doors and gate:

Capacity – 50 ppm per exit lane

4. Fare collection gates: Fare collection gates,when deactivated, shall provide a minimum 20inches (508 mm) clear unobstructed aisle. Con-sole shall not exceed 40 inches (1016 mm) inheight.

Per gate:

Capacity – 50 ppm

Note: Examples of exiting analysis may be found inAppendix C of NFPA 130, 1995 edition, Standardfor Fixed Guideway Transit Systems.

*Indicates vertical component of travel speed.

433.3.4 Arrangement of exits.

433.3.4.1 Vertical circulation elements shall be com-prised of stairs or stair/escalator combinations. Esca-lators shall not account for more than half of the unitsof exit at any one level in the public area. Escalatorsmust be paired in combination with stairs to beincluded in exiting capacity calculations.

433.3.4.2 Because of the possibility of maintenance ormalfunction, one escalator at each station shall be con-sidered as being out of service in calculating egressrequirements. The escalator chosen shall be that onehaving the most adverse effect on exiting capacities.

433.3.5 Distance to exits. No point of the station plat-form(s) or mezzanine(s) shall be more than 300 feet (91440 mm) from a point of safety.

433.3.6 Other exits required/guideway access.

433.3.6.1 Access/egress between guideway and plat-forms shall be provided as follows:

1. Stairs or ramps, 2 feet 10 inches (864 mm) inwidth minimum, or other arrangement havingequivalent capacity, shall be provided at eachend of the platform, arranged to provide access/egress to guideway level.

2. Except in underground stations, the access pointsbetween the guideway and the platform, and theexit from the platform may be integrated.

433.3.6.2 In enclosed stations, escalator and stairwayenclosures are not required in the public areas of mul-tilevel transit stations among platform, mezzanine andconcourse when the station is provided with an emer-gency ventilation system.

433.3.7 Emergency lighting and exit signs.

433.3.7.1 Emergency lighting and exit signs shall beprovided in accordance with Chapter 10.

Exception: Open stations at grade need not provideemergency lighting or exit signs.

433.4 Special provisions.

433.4.1 Automatic sprinkler system. See Section903.2.17.1.

433.4.2 Station guideway deluge system. See Section903.2.17.1.

433.4.3 Standpipe systems. See Section 905.3.10.

433.4.4 Emergency management panel (EMP). An EMPshall be required for enclosed and underground stations.Location of the EMP shall be determined by the Fire CodeOfficial. The EMP shall include but not be limited to thefollowing:

1. Indication of manual pull boxes and automaticsmoke detectors

2. Indication of alarm signals from all suppression sys-tems

3. Capabilities for using station paging system

4. Emergency telephone

5. Escalator controls

6. Emergency ventilation controls

7. Station schematics

433.4.5 Emergency ventilation systems.

433.4.5.1 General. Emergency ventilation shall be pro-vided for enclosed and underground stations for the




protection of passengers, employees and emergencypersonnel.

433.4.5.2 These systems shall be designed as follows:

1. A stream of noncontaminated air is provided topassengers in a path(s) of egress away from atrain fire; and

2. Airflow rates produced toward a train fire in apath of egress are sufficient to prevent back lay-ering of smoke; and

3. The temperature in a path of egress away from atrain fire is limited to 140°F (60°C), or less; and

4. The design heat release rate produced by a trainfire shall be used to design the emergency venti-lation system.

433.4.5.3 Ventilation shaft terminals at-grade shall belocated to prevent recirculation as follows:

1. Openings for blast relief shafts, and under plat-form and smoke exhaust shafts at-grade shall beseparated by a minimum horizontal distance of40 feet (12 192 mm) from any station entrance,elevator hoistway enclosure, surface emergencystair doorway, unprotected outside air intake orother opening, or from each other. Exhaust out-lets that are not used for intakes may be adjacentto each other.

2. Where this distance is not practical, the horizon-tal distance may be reduced to 15 feet (4572 mm)if the closest blast relief or under platform andsmoke exhaust shaft terminal is raised a mini-mum of 10 feet (3048 mm) above the stationentrance, emergency stair doorway and unpro-tected outside air intake or other opening, or theunderplatform and smoke exhaust shaft terminalis raised a minimum of 10 feet (3048 mm) abovethe blast relief shaft terminal.

3. Ventilation of stations shall not terminate atgrade on any vehicle roadway.

433.4.5.4 Emergency ventilation fans.

433.4.5.4.1 Ventilation fans used for emergency ser-vice, their motors, dampers and all related compo-nents exposed to the ventilation airflow shall bedesigned to operate in an ambient atmosphere of482°F (250°C) for a period of at least one hour.Ventilation fans and related components shall becapable of withstanding the maximum anticipatedplus/minus pressure transients induced by trainoperations.

433.4.5.4.2 Local fan motor starters and relatedoperating control devices for emergency ventilationequipment shall be isolated from the ventilation air-flow by a separation having a fire-resistance ratingof at least one hour.

433.4.5.4.3 Thermal overload protective devicesshall not be provided on motor controls of fans usedfor emergency ventilation.

433.4.5.4.4 The power supply for fans essential foremergency ventilation service shall consist of twoseparate electrical feeders. Each feeder shall origi-nate from a different source (substation) and shallbe separated physically to the extent possible. Auto-matic transfer shall be provided in the event the nor-mal supply source fails.

433.4.5.4.5 Operation and fail-safe verification forproper operation of emergency fans shall beaffected from the operation control center with indi-cation provided for all modes of operation for eachfan.

433.4.5.5 Emergency ventilation control.

433.4.5.5.1 Local controls shall override remotecontrol. Local control shall be capable of operatingthe fans in all modes in the event the remote controlsbecome inoperative.

433.4.5.5.2 Emergency ventilation systems shall besupervised and/or controlled in all operating modeslocally (motor control center and/or fan unit) andremotely at both the OCC and the station EMP.

433.4.5.5.3 Fan running shall be provided by sens-ing devices for each fan for operation in both thesupply and exhaust directions.

433.4.5.5.4 Trouble status signals shall be annunci-ated in the local control room. A summarized trou-ble signal shall be annunciated at OCC and EMP.

433.4.5.6 Ventilation systems and ancillary areas.Ancillary area ventilation systems shall be arranged sothat air is not exhausted into station public occupancyareas.

433.5 Fire Alarm and Communication Systems. See Section907.2.26.

SECTION 434 EXPLOSIVES [SFM]

434.1 General construction requirements. Magazines shallbe constructed in conformity with the provisions of these reg-ulations, or may be of substantially equivalent constructionsatisfactory to the enforcing agency having jurisdiction. Rea-sonable allowances shall be made for storage facilities inexistence prior to the adoption of these regulations. Noallowance, however, shall be made for storage facilitieswhich constitute a distinct hazard to life and property.

434.2 Ventilation and weather resistance. Magazines for thestorage of explosives shall be sufficiently ventilated andweather resistant and when used for the storage of Class Aexplosives (other than black powder, blasting agents, blast-ing caps and electric blasting caps), they shall also be of bul-let-resistant construction unless deemed exempt by theenforcing agency having jurisdiction.

Note: The recommendation for ventilation as contained inPamphlet No. 1, Institute of Makers of Explosives, 1965 edi-tion, is evidence of good practice.




434.3 Construction for separation between primers andflammable liquids. Primers shall be separated from flamma-ble liquids by a one-hour fire-resistive occupancy separation.

Exception: A separation need not be provided for smallarms ammunition primers when such primers are locateda distance of not less than 25 feet (7620 mm) from flam-mable liquids.

434.4 Construction of Type I Magazine. Type I magazinesshall be of bullet-resistant construction. Plans shall be sub-mitted to the enforcing agency having jurisdiction forapproval prior to construction.

434.4.1 General. Use of the following materials and meth-ods of construction shall be evidence of compliance withthis requirement:

1. Masonry units not less than 8 inches (203 mm) inthickness with all hollow spaces filled with weakcement, well-tamped sand, or equivalent material;or

2. Reinforced concrete not less than 6 inches (152 mm)in thickness; or

3. Steel walls of minimum No. 14 manufacturers. Stan-dard gage (0.0747 inch) (1.9 mm) to No. 6 manufac-turers. Standard gage (0.1943 inch) (4.9 mm) maybe used, provided there are two layers spaced atleast 6 inches (152 mm) apart with all hollow spacesfilled with weak cement, well-tamped sand or equiv-alent material; or

4. One layer of No. 6 manufacturer’s standard gage(0.1943 inch) (4.9 mm) or heavier; steel lined on theinterior with a minimum of 4 inches (102 mm) ofwood; or

5. Two layers of No. 6 manufacturer’s standard gage(0.1943 inch) (4.9 mm) or heavier steel spaced aminimum 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) apart and lined on theinterior with a minimum of 2 inches (51 mm) ofwood; or

6. Two layers of wood, at least 2 inches (51 mm) nomi-nal thickness each, spaced a minimum 4 inches (102mm) apart with the hollow space filled with weakcement, well-tamped sand or equivalent material.

7. Wood used shall conform to the following:

Wood shall be of tongue-and-grooved lumber or ply-wood. Wood shall be covered, on the exterior side, withmetal to provide protection against flying embers andsparks.

434.4.2 Doors. Doors shall be of bullet-resistant construc-tion. Each door is to be equipped with:

1. Two mortise locks;

2. Two padlocks fastened in separate hasps and sta-ples;

3. A combination of a mortise lock and a padlock;

4. A mortise lock that requires two keys to open; and

5. A three-point lock.

Padlocks must have at least five tumblers and a case-hardened shackle of at least 3/8-inch (9.5 mm) diameter.Padlocks must be protected with not less than 1/4-inch(6.4 mm) steel hoods constructed so as to prevent saw-ing or lever action on the locks, hasps and staples.These requirements do not apply to magazine doorsthat are adequately secured on the inside by means of abolt, lock or bar that cannot be actuated from the out-side.

434.4.3 Floors. Floors of magazines shall be securely fas-tened in place and shall be capable of withstanding theloads imposed.

434.4.4 Roofs. Roofs shall be securely fastened inplace and they shall be bullet resistant, if required bythe fire chief having jurisdiction.

434.4.5 Ventilation openings. Ventilation openingsshall be screened to prevent the entrance of sparks andthey shall be protected in a manner that will maintainthe bullet resistance of the magazine.

434.4.6 Interiors. Magazine interiors shall be of asmooth finish without cracks or crevices with all nails,screws, bolts and nuts countersunk. Exposed metalcapable of emitting sparks shall be covered so as not tocome in contact with packages of explosives.

434.4.7 Location. No Type I magazine, or portionthereof, shall be located under a high-voltage powerline (750 volts or more). For the purposes of this sec-tion, “under” shall include an open space of not lessthan the height of the power line from the ground atright angles to the walls of the magazine.

434.5 Buildings used for mixing of blasting agents. Build-ings used for the mixing of blasting agents shall conform tothe requirements of Sections 434.5 and 434.6, unless other-wise specifically approved by the enforcing agency havingjurisdiction.

434.5.1 Construction. Buildings shall be of all noncom-bustible construction or of sheet metal on wood studs.

434.5.2 Separation. The layout of the mixing buildingshall be such so as to provide physical separation betweenthe finished product storage and the mixing and packagingoperations.

434.5.3 Storage areas. Floors in storage areas and in theprocessing plant shall be of concrete or other noncombus-tible material. Isolated fuel storage shall be provided toavoid contact between molten ammonium nitrate and fuelin case of fire.

434.5.4 Ventilation. The building shall be well ventilatedin accordance with Section 434.2.

434.5.5 Heat. Heat, if used, shall be provided exclusivelyfrom a unit outside of the building.

434.5.6 Venting. Explosion venting shall be providedwhen required by the enforcing agency having jurisdic-tion.

434.6 Building construction storage. Blasting agents may bestored in the manner set forth in Title 19, California Code of




Regulations, Subchapter 10, Article 3, or in one-story ware-houses (without basements), which shall be:

1. Of noncombustible or one-hour fire-resistive construc-tion;

2. Constructed so as to eliminate floor drains and pipinginto which molten materials could flow and be confinedin case of fire;

3. Weather resistant;

4. Well ventilated in accordance with Section 434.2; and

5. Equipped with a substantially constructed and lockabledoor which shall be kept securely locked, except whenthe facility is open for business.

434.7 Electrical requirements for Type I magazines. Maga-zines shall not be provided with either heat or light, exceptupon the approval of the enforcing agency having jurisdic-tion. Electrical installation, when permitted, shall be inaccordance with the California Electrical Code for Type II,Division I locations.

434.8 Mixing room blasting agents. All electrical switches,controls, motors and lights, if located in the mixing room,shall be installed in accordance with the California Electri-cal Code for Type II, Division I locations.

434.9 Storage of special effects materials. The storage of notmore than 750 pounds (340 kg) of special effects materialsshall be in a building or a room conforming to the require-ments of Group H, Division I Occupancies as defined in thispart. In addition, the following shall apply to every specialeffects materials storage building or room:

1. The building shall be sprinklered as required in Chap-ter 9.

2. It shall be deemed that the storage of special effectsmaterials creates an atmosphere of flammable dust.

3. Two or more permanent openings having an area of notless than 100 square inches (64 500 mm2) shall belocated in the exterior wall to provide natural ventila-tion. These openings shall be protected by screens orlouvers covered with 1/4-inch (6.4 mm) wire meshscreen.

4. Walls, floor ceiling, shelves and benches shall have asmooth nonmetallic surface which can be easilycleaned with a minimum of brushing or scrubbing.

5. Each entrance door shall be posted on the outside withsigns stating, “Authorized Personnel Only” and “NoSmoking.”

6. Assembling and manufacturing are prohibited in spe-cial effects storage rooms or buildings.

7. The room shall be located above grade in a one-storybuilding or on the top floor of a multistory building ormay be a separate building.

8. The room or building shall have a minimum floor areaof 80 square feet (7.4 m2) with no dimension less than 8feet (2438 mm).

9. Electric wiring, lighting and heating shall be of a typeapproved for use in hazardous locations.

434.10 Mixing room or building. Buildings or rooms inwhich more than 50 pounds (22.7 kg) of special effects mate-rials are present at any time shall be constructed with at leastone wall of explosion-relief type. The relief wall should beplaced so as to be of least hazard to persons in adjacentbuildings.

434.10.1 Explosive venting. When explosive venting isrequired, the venting area will be calculated on 1 squarefoot (0.0929 m2) for each 35 cubic feet (0.99 m3) of build-ing or roof area.

434.10.2 Egress. All rooms or buildings shall have ade-quate aisle space and at least two exits separated by a dis-tance equal to at least one-fifth the perimeter of the room.Openings in fire walls shall be equipped with approved,self-closing fire doors. All exit doors shall open outwardand be equipped with approved panic hardware.

Exception: Cubicles 100 square feet (9.3 m2) or lessand occupied by not more than two persons workingwithin 12 feet (3658 mm) of an unobstructed passage-way may have one exit.

434.10.3 Room finishes. Floors, walls, interior surfacesand equipment shall be of a finish and color that will indi-cate the presence of dust and spilled material. They shallbe smooth finished for easy cleaning.

434.10.4 HVAC. Heating and cooling shall be by the indi-rect method using water, steam, electric heaters or otherindirect methods.

Note: Floor registers shall not be permitted.

434.10.5 Electrical. All electrical wiring and equipmentshall be acceptable for the hazard involved and installedin accordance with Hazardous Locations, California Elec-trical Code.

434.10.6 Grounding. Effective bonding and groundingmeans shall be provided to prevent accumulation of staticcharges where static charges are a hazard, as set forth inthe California Electrical Code.

434.10.7 Pressure relief valves. Hydraulic or air pressesand hand jacks shall be provided with pressure-reliefvalves so arranged and set that the material being pro-cessed will not be subjected to pressure likely to cause it toexplode. Dies and plugged press equipment shall not becleared by striking blows that may detonate or start thematerial burning.

434.10.8 Dust control. Dust from special effects materialsshall not be exhausted to the atmosphere. Where vacuumdust collections systems are used, they shall comply withthe following requirements:

1. Adequate filters must be installed between thesource vacuum and the point of pickup to preventexplosive special effects materials from entering thevacuum pump or exhauster.

2. The dust-collection system shall be designed to pre-vent pinch points threaded fittings exposed to thehazardous dust and sharp turns, dead ends, pockets,etc., in which special effects materials may lodgeand accumulate outside the collecting chamber.




3. The entire vacuum collection system shall be madeelectrically continuous and be grounded to a maxi-mum resistance of 5 ohms.

4. Chambers in which the dusts are collected shall notbe located in the operating area unless adequateshields for the maximum quantity of material in thecollector are furnished for personnel protection.

5. No more than two rooms may be serviced by a com-mon connection to a vacuum collection chamber.Where interconnections are used, means should beemployed to prevent propagation of an incident viathe collection piping.

6. When collecting the more sensitive special effectsmaterials, such as black powder, lead azide, etc., a“wet” collector which moistens the dust close to thepoint of intake and maintains the dust wet untilremoved for disposal shall be used. Wetting agentsshall be compatible with the explosives.

7. Dusts shall be removed from the collection chamberas often as necessary to prevent overloading. Theentire system shall be cleaned at a frequency thatwill eliminate hazardous concentrations of dusts inpipes, tubing and/or ducts.

434.10.9 Fans. Squirrel cage blowers should not be usedfor exhausting hazardous fumes, vapors or gases. Onlynonferrous fan blades are permitted for fans locatedwithin the ductwork and through which hazardous materi-als are exhausted. Motors shall be located outside theduct.

434.10.10 Work stations. Work stations for small amountsof special effects materials [less than 1 pound (0.454 kg)]shall be separated by distance, barrier or other means, sofire in one station will not ignite material in the next workstation. When necessary, each operator shall be protectedby a personnel shield located between the operator andthe material being processed. This shield and its supportshall be a test design to withstand a blast from the maxi-mum amount of special effects materials allowed behind it.

434.10.11 Shielding. When shields or structures areneeded to protect personnel, the following requirementshall be followed when specific weights of special effectsmaterials in the amount of 1 pound (0.454 kg) or more areinvolved:

Notes: 1. One inch (25 mm) of mild steel is equivalent to 1 foot (305 mm) of

reinforced concrete.2. Explosives shall be located not less than 36 inches (914 mm) from

the wall and 24 inches (610 mm) above the floor.

If this personnel protection wall for the required opera-tion involving large quantities of special effects materialsbecomes so large that it is impractical, the operator mustperform the operations by remote control or be protectedby a suitably constructed shelter designed with a safetyfactor of not less than 4 to withstand the overpressurefrom the maximum amount of explosives in process.

SECTION 435RESERVED

SECTION 436WINERY CAVES [SFM]

436.1 Scope. The use of subterranean space for winery facili-ties in natural or manmade caves shall be in accordance withthis section.

436.2 Definitions.

436.3 General. For definitions of ASSEMBLY, FIRE APPLI-ANCE and NONCOMBUSTIBLE, see Chapter 2.

436.4 Limited application. For the purpose of Section 436,certain terms are defined as follows:

TYPE 1 WINERY CAVES are natural or manmade cavesused solely for storage and/or processing of wine at a win-ery facility. Type 1 winery caves are not accessible to thepublic.

TYPE 2 WINERY CAVES are natural or manmade cavesused for the storage and/or processing of wine at a wineryfacility. Type 2 winery caves are accessible to the publicon guided tours only.

TYPE 3 WINERY CAVES are natural or manmade cavesused for the storage and/or processing of wine at a wineryfacility. Type 3 winery caves are accessible to the publicon guided tours and contain assembly use areas.

436.5 Permits. For permits to operate Type 2 and 3 winerycaves, see Section 105.

436.6 Fire apparatus access roads. Fire apparatus accessroads shall be constructed and maintained in accordancewith the California Fire Code, Section 503.

436.7 Construction requirements.

436.7.1 Allowable area. The area of winery caves shallnot be limited if constructed entirely of noncombustiblematerials. Winery caves constructed with combustiblematerials shall be limited in area so that no point is morethan 150 feet (45 720 mm) from an exit.

436.7.2 Interior construction. The walls and ceilings ofwinery caves shall not contain hidden or concealedspaces.

436.8 General requirements.

Weight ofExplosive

Structure of Shield Wall

1-15 pounds(0.454-6.8 kg)

Shield wall constructed of concrete not less than12 inches (305 mm) thick which is reinforcednear both sides by rods not less than 1/2 inch (12.7mm) in diameter located on maximum centers of12 inches (305 mm) both horizontally and verti-cally. The rods must be staggered on oppositefaces.

More than 15pounds(6.8 kg)

The shield wall for the protection of workers mustbe designed in such a manner to protect againstthe efforts of not less than 25 percent overloadabove the expected maximum charge to be pro-cessed.




436.8.1 Public tours. Tours for the public shall be contin-uously guided by staff knowledgeable in the location ofexits and the use of emergency notification devices.

436.8.2 Standby personnel. Per the California Fire Code,Section 2404.20, when, in the opinion of the fire chief, it isessential for public safety, the owner, agent or lessee shallemploy one or more qualified persons, as required andapproved by the chief, to be on duty at such place. Suchindividuals shall be in uniform or otherwise easily identifi-able.

Standby personnel shall be subject to the fire chief’sorders at all times when so employed and shall remain onduty during the times such places are open to the public orwhen such activity is being conducted.

Before the start of any activity requiring standby per-sonnel, such individuals shall:

1. Inspect the required fire appliances to ensure theyare in the proper place and in good working order.

2. Inspect all exits to verify accessibility and properoperation.

While on duty, such individuals shall not be required orpermitted to perform any duties other than those specifiedby the fire chief.

436.8.3 Open-flame devices. The use of candles and otheropen-flame devices shall be in accordance with CaliforniaFire Code Section 308.1.7.

436.9 Portable fire extinguishers and other fire appliances.Portable fire extinguishers shall be located to be readilyaccessible. Its type, location and spacing throughout thefacility shall be in accordance with the provisions of Title 19,Chapter 3 and California Fire Code Section 906.1. Other fireappliances shall be maintained at the site as required by thefire chief.

436.10 Fire alarm systems. An approved manual fire alarmsystem conforming with the provisions of the California FireCode, Section 907.2.1 shall be provided in all Type 3 winerycaves.

436.11 Exits.

436.11.1 Distribution. Exits shall be located remotelyfrom each other and arranged to minimize any possibilitythat more than one may be blocked off by any one fire orother emergency condition.

436.11.2 Number. Winery caves shall be provided with aminimum of two exits.

Assembly areas of Type 3 winery caves shall be pro-vided with exits as required by the California BuildingCode for Group A Occupancies.

436.12 Exit illumination.

436.12.1 General. Exits shall be illuminated to a minimumintensity of not less than 1 foot-candle (10.76 lx) at floorlevel whenever the winery cave is occupied. Fixtures pro-viding exit illumination shall be supplied from a dedicatedcircuit or source of power used only for exit illumination.

436.12.2 Separate sources of power. The power supply forexit illumination may be provided by the premises’ wiringsystem. In the event of its failure, illumination shall beautomatically provided from an emergency system inTypes 2 and 3 winery caves. Emergency systems shall besupplied from storage batteries or an on-site generatorset, and the system shall be installed in accordance withthe requirements of the California Electrical Code.

436.13 Exit signs. Exit signs shall be installed at requiredexits and where otherwise necessary to clearly indicate theexits from assembly areas in Type 3 winery caves.

436.14 Maximum occupant load. Occupant load require-ments in the assembly areas of Type 3 winery caves shall bein accordance with Section 1004.

436.15 Seating arrangements. Seating arrangements in theassembly areas of Type 3 winery caves shall be in accor-dance with California Fire Code, Section 1028.9.

SECTION 437RESERVED

SECTION 438RESERVED

SECTION 439PUBLIC LIBRARIES [SL AND SFM]

Public libraries funded from the California Library Con-struction and Renovation Act of 1988.

439.1 Automatic sprinkler system. Automatic sprinkler sys-tems shall be installed in:

1. New facilities, including additions;

2. Existing facilities to which a project adds the lesser of5,000 square feet (465 m2) or 10 percent of the size ofthe existing facility, if the existing facility does notalready have an automatic sprinkler system.

439.2 System monitoring requirement. All fire protectionsystems shall be monitored by a fire alarm supervising sta-tion in accordance with the NFPA 72.

439.3 Book return slots. Any interior book return with a slotpiercing the exterior wall shall have a separate sprinklerhead and be enclosed in fire-rated construction.

439.4 Automatic sprinkler and extinguishing systems. Forpublic libraries constructed with funds awarded under theCalifornia Reading and Literacy Improvement and PublicLibrary Construction and Renovation Bond Act of 2000:

1. Fire sprinkler system requirement. All libraries fundedfor new construction, including additions, shall haveautomatic fire sprinkler systems installed.

2. Fire sprinkler system requirement for renovations ofexisting facilities. If there is no automatic fire sprinklersystem in the existing facility, grant recipients shall berequired to install a fire sprinkler system throughoutthe existing facility.




3. Fire sprinkler system types. The grant recipient maychoose, on approval by the local fire authority, fromwet-pipe, dry-pipe or pre-action systems, utilizinglisted standard, early suppression fast response(ESFR), or on/off type sprinkler heads.

4. Book return rooms and slots. Book return rooms withslots in exterior walls shall have an automatic sprinklerhead and be of approved fire-resistive construction.Book return slots and book drops shall have an addi-tional automatic sprinkler head when shielded from theroom sprinkler head.

5. System monitoring requirement. All fire protectionsystems shall be monitored by a fire alarm supervisingstation in accordance with the National Fire ProtectionAssociation (NFPA) 72.

6. Alternate fire-extinguishing systems for specializedareas. When approved by the fire authority havingjurisdiction, other types of approved automatic fire-extinguishing systems may be utilized as an alternate tosprinklers in the following areas: rare book rooms,central computer rooms and telecommunication rooms.

7. Automatic sprinkler system plan requirement. Firesprinkler system drawings shall use the furniture planas a background for coordination with furniture andbook stack location and height.

SECTION 440GROUP C [SFM]

440.1 Group C Occupancies defined.

440.1.1 Organized camps. For the purposes of these regu-lations, Group C Occupancies shall mean “organizedcamps” as defined in Section 18897, Health and SafetyCode.

440.1.1.1 Description. An organized camp is a site withprograms and facilities established for the primarypurpose of providing an outdoor group living experi-ence with social, spiritual, educational or recreationalobjectives, for five days or more during one or moreseasons of the year.

The term “organized camp” does not include amotel, tourist camp, trailer park, resort, hunting camp,auto court, labor camp, penal or correctional camp,child-care institution or home-finding agency nor doesit include any charitable or recreational organizationwhich complies with the rules and regulations for rec-reational trailer parks provided for by Section 18301(b), Health and Safety Code.

440.1.2 Tents and tent structures. For the purpose of thischapter, a tent or tent structure is defined as any shelter ofwhich 25 percent or more of the walls or roof, or both, areconstructed of, or covered or protected by, a canvas orany other fabric material.

440.2 Purpose and intent. The provisions of this section areestablished to provide fire and life safety in organized camps,but at the same time preserve the basic concept of outdoor

living. It is the intent of this section that organized campsshall be considered as a separate and distinct occupancy.

440.3 Basic building and structures.

440.3.1 Building classification. Every building or struc-ture shall be classified into the occupancy group they mostnearly resemble and be constructed in accordance withappropriate occupancy requirements specified in this part.

Exceptions:

1. Tents, tent structures, and buildings and struc-tures that do not exceed 25 feet (7620 mm) in anylateral dimension and where such building orstructure is not more than one story.

2. For fire safety, buildings or structures on thepremises of an organized camp which are usedfor sleeping purposes, regardless of their similar-ity to other occupancy groups, shall conform tothe provisions of Sections 440.4, 440.5, 440.6and 440.7.

3. For fire safety, buildings and structures whichare not used for sleeping purposes shall conformto the provisions of Section 440.7,which shallsupersede any similar provisions contained inthis part.

440.3.2 Occupant load. The living shelter whether abuilding, structure, tent and tent structure, or cabin, shallprovide a minimum of 30 square feet (2.8 m2) of superfi-cial floor area per person for single-tier bed units, and 20square feet (1.9 m2) of superficial floor area per person fortwo-tier bed units. More than two tiers per bed unit areprohibited. There shall be at least 3 feet (914 mm) of lat-eral distance between beds.

Exception: Intermittent short-term organized campsare not required to provide shelter facilities but, if pro-vided, they shall comply with this section.

440.4 General.

440.4.1 Buildings intended for sleeping. Buildings andstructures used or intended for sleeping purposeswhich do not exceed any one of the limitations set forthbelow shall conform to the provisions of Sections 440.5and 440.7.

1. One story in height

2. Twenty-five feet (7620 mm) in any lateral dimen-sion

Exception: This provision shall not apply tobuildings or structures conforming to construc-tion provisions of this section in effect prior toJanuary 1, 1985.

3. Maximum housing of 12 persons

440.4.2 Limitations. Buildings and structures used orintended for sleeping purposes, including those so used inwhole or in part by staff personnel, and which exceed anyone of the limitations set forth in Section 440.4.1, shallconform to the provisions of Sections 440.5 and 440.7.

Exception: Buildings or structures used exclusively forliving and sleeping purposes by resident custodial or




caretaker personnel only may be constructed in accor-dance with the provisions of these regulations for aGroup R, 3 Occupancy.

440.5 Special buildings, tents and tent structures.

440.5.1 Special buildings. In addition to the provisions ofSection 440.7, special buildings conforming to the limita-tions specified in Section 440.4.1 shall conform to the fol-lowing:

1. The flame-spread end-point rating of all interior fin-ish materials shall not exceed 200.

2. Every room or area housing more than eight per-sons shall be provided with not less than twoapproved exits, each of which shall be direct to theexterior and shall not be less than 32 inches (813mm) in clear width and 6 feet 8 inches (2032 mm) inheight. Rooms or areas housing eight or less per-sons shall be provided with at least one such exitdirect to the exterior.

3. Every exit door shall be openable from the insidewithout the use of any key, special knowledge oreffort.

4. Exit doors need not be hung to swing in the directionof exit travel. Where exit doors are hung to swing inthe direction of exit travel, a landing conforming tothe provisions of Section 1008.1.5 shall be provided.

5. When the distance (measured vertically) betweenthe ground level and the floor level exceeds 8 inches(203 mm), a stairway from each exit shall be pro-vided. Steps shall have a rise of not more than 8inches (203 mm) and a run of not less than 9 inches(229 mm). Such stairway shall be at least as wide asthe door it serves.

Exception: In lieu of a stairway, a ramp having aslope of not more than 1 foot (305 mm) of rise foreach 8 feet (2438 mm) of run may be provided.

6. When the floor level at any door opening of anybuilding or structure is more than 30 inches (762mm) above the adjacent ground level, handrails orguardrails shall be provided on the landing, balconyor porch, and on every stairway or ramp to groundlevel.

7. Buildings and structures or groups of buildings andstructures shall be separated from each other by notless than 10 feet (3048 mm). This section shall notapply to existing buildings and structures of existingGroup C Occupancies.

440.5.2 Tents and tent structures. In addition to the provi-sions of Section 440.7, tents and tent structures, or groupsthereof, shall conform to the provisions of Section 440.5,except as follows:

1. Regardless of any other provisions of this section,heating of tents and tent structures shall be prohib-ited unless written permission is obtained from thefire chief.

2. All canvas or other fabric material shall be treatedand maintained in a flame-retardant condition.

Exceptions:

1. Tents in existence prior to January 1, 1979,provided the following conditions are met:

1.1. Tents shall not exceed 80 square feet (7.4m2) in area..

1.2. No electrical devices, except flashlights,are installed or used in the tents.

1.3. Tents are not located closer than 30 feet(9144 mm) to any open fire.

1.4. Smoking is prohibited in the tents.

1.5. All other applicable provisions of thisarticle are met.

2. Canvas or materials used exclusively to pro-tect windows and similar openings in walls.

3. Canvas or materials used as a windbreakenclosure of not more than three sides andopen to the sky.

Note: It is not the intent of Section 440.5.2that strict adherence to the width and heightrequirements of exit openings be enforced forexits from tents.

440.6 Building and structures for sleeping. Buildings andstructures, or portions thereof, used or intended for sleepingpurposes and which exceed the height, area or capacity limi-tations specified in Section 440.4.1 shall conform to the pro-visions of this section.

440.6.1 Area, height and type of construction. Buildingsand structures, or portions thereof, shall not exceed thelimits of area, height and type of construction specified inthese regulations for a Group R-2.1 occupancy. Suchbuildings and structures shall not be of less than one-hourfire-resistive construction throughout.

440.6.2 Location on property. The fire-resistive protec-tion of exterior walls and openings, as determined by loca-tion on property, shall be in accordance with theprovisions of these regulations for a Group R-2.1 occu-pancy.

440.6.3 Exits. Stairs, exits and smoke-proof enclosuresshall be provided in accordance with the provisions ofChapter 10.

440.6.4 Enclosure of vertical openings. Exits shall beenclosed as specified in Chapter 10. Elevator shafts, ventshafts and other vertical openings shall be enclosed andenclosures shall be as set forth in Chapter 7.

440.6.5 Fire-extinguishing systems. Automatic fire-extin-guishing systems, standpipes, and basement pipe inletsshall be installed when and as specified in Chapter 9 forbuildings, based on the occupancy they most nearlyresemble.

440.6.6 Automatic fire alarm system. See Section 907.




440.7 Special requirements. The provisions of this sectionshall apply to the premises and to all buildings and structuresof all organized camps.

440.7.1 Electrical. The installation of all electrical wiringshall conform to the applicable provisions of the Califor-nia Electrical Code.

440.7.2 Heating equipment. Heating equipment, and theinstallation thereof, shall conform to the provisions of theCalifornia Mechanical Code.

440.7.3 Motion picture booths. Motion picture machinebooths shall conform to the requirements of Section 409.

440.7.4 Interior finish. Interior finish shall conform to therequirements of Chapter 8, except as permitted in Section440.5.1, Item 1.

440.7.5 Heater room openings. All exterior openings inrooms containing central heating equipment, low-pressureboilers or water-heating boilers used as part of the heat-ing system, if located below openings in another story, orif less than 10 feet (3048 mm) from other doors or win-dows of the same building, shall be protected by a fireassembly having a three-fourths-hour fire-resistive rating.Such fire assemblies shall be fixed, automatic or self-clos-ing.

Exception: The requirement for three-fourths-hour fireassembly protection of openings may be deleted if theentire room is protected by an automatic sprinkler sys-tem conforming to the provisions of Section 903.

440.7.6 Heating rooms. Every room containing central-heating equipment, low-pressure boiler or water-heatingboiler used as part of the heating system shall be sepa-rated from the rest of the building by a one-hour fire-resis-tive fire barrier with all openings protected as set forth inSection 707.6.

Exceptions:

1. Boilers or central heating plants where the larg-est piece of fuel equipment does not exceed400,000 Btu per hour (135 kW) input.

2. When any such opening is protected by a pair offire doors, the inactive leaf shall be normallysecured in the closed position and shall be open-able only by use of a tool. An astragal shall beprovided and the active leaf shall be self-closing.

440.7.7 Exits. For purposes of determining occupant loadfor exit requirements, see Section 440.3.2.

440.7.8 Liquefied petroleum gas. The construction andinstallation of all tanks, cylinders, equipment and systemsused or intended for use in conjunction with any liquefiedpetroleum gas shall conform to the provisions of the Cali-fornia Mechanical Code and the California Fire Code.

440.7.9 Air-conditioning and ventilation systems. Heat-ing units used as an integral part of an air-conditioningand ventilation system shall be installed in accordancewith Sections 440.7.2, 440.7.3 and 440.7.6.

440.8 Camp fire alarm. Every organized camp shall provideand maintain a device or devices suitable for sounding a fire

alarm. Such device or devices may be of any type acceptableto the enforcing agency provided they are distinctive in tonefrom all other signaling devices or systems and shall be audi-ble throughout the camp premises. When an automatic firealarm system is provided, as required by Section 440.6.6, allsignaling devices required by this section shall be of the sametype as that used in the automatic system.

SECTION 441RESERVED

SECTION 442SCHOOL FACILITIES FOR KINDERGARTEN

THROUGH 12TH GRADE AND GROUP E DAY CARE

442.1 General provisions. School facilities for Kindergartenthrough 12th grade and Group E day care shall comply withthe provisions of this section and other applicable provisionsof this code including requirements for specific occupancies.

442.1.1 Location on property. All buildings housingGroup E occupancies shall front directly on a public streetor an exit discharge not less than 20 feet (6096 mm) inwidth. The exit discharge to the public street shall be aminimum 20-foot-wide (6096 mm) right-of-way, unob-structed and maintained only as access to the publicstreet. At least one required exit shall be located on thepublic street or on the exit discharge.

442.1.2 Separate means of egress systems required.Every room with an occupant load of 300 or more shallhave one of its exits or exit-access doorways lead directlyinto a separate means of egress system that consists of notless than two paths of exit travel which are separated by asmoke barrier in accordance with Section 710 in such amanner to provide an atmospheric separation that pre-cludes contamination of both paths of exit travel by thesame fire. Not more than two required exits or exit-accessdoorways shall enter into the same means of egress sys-tem.

442.1.3 Fences and gates. School grounds may be fencedand gates therein may be equipped with locks, providedthat safe dispersal areas based on 3 square feet (0.28 m2)per occupant are located between the school and thefence. Such required safe dispersal areas shall not belocated less than 50 feet (15 240 mm) from school build-ings.

Every public and private school shall conform with Sec-tion 32020 of the Education Code which states:

The governing board of every public school district, andthe governing authority of every private school, whichmaintains any building used for the instruction or housingof school pupils on land entirely enclosed (except forbuilding walls) by fences of walls, shall, through coopera-tion with the local law enforcement and fire-protectionagencies having jurisdiction of the area, make provisionfor the erection of gates in such fences or walls. The gatesshall be of sufficient size to permit the entrance of theambulances, police equipment and fire-fighting apparatus




used by the law enforcement and fire-protection agencies.There shall be no less than one such access gate and thereshall be as many such gates as needed to assure access toall major buildings and ground areas. If such gates are tobe equipped with locks, the locking devices shall bedesigned to permit ready entrance by the use of the chainor bolt-cutting devices with which the local law enforce-ment and fire-protection agencies may be equipped.

442.1.4 Special provisions. Rooms used by kindergarten,first-, or second-grade pupils, and Group E day care, shallnot be located above or below the first story.

Exceptions:

1. Kindergarten, first-, or second-grade pupils, orday care may be located in basements or storieshaving floor levels located within 4 feet (1219mm), measured vertically, from the adjacentground level at the level of exit discharge, pro-vided the basement or story has exterior exitdoors at that level.

2. In buildings equipped with an automatic sprin-kler system throughout, rooms used for kinder-garten, first- and second-grade children or forday-care purposes may be located on the secondstory, provided there are at least two exterior exitdoors, or other egress systems complying withSection 1018 with two exits, for the exclusive useof such occupants. Egress systems for the exclu-sive use of such occupants shall be maintaineduntil exit discharge at grade is attained.

3. Group E day-care facilities may be located abovethe first story in buildings of Type I-A, Type I-B,Type II-A and Ill-A construction, subject to thelimitation of Section 503 when:

3.1. Facilities with children under the age ofseven or containing more than 12 childrenper story shall not be located above thefourth floor; and

3.2. The entire story in which the day-care facil-ity is located is equipped with an approvedmanual fire alarm and smoke-detection sys-tem. Actuation of an initiating device shallsound an audible alarm throughout theentire story.

When a building fire alarm system isrequired by other provisions of this code, thealarm system shall be interconnected andsound the day-care fire alarm system; and

3.3. The day-care facility, if more than 1,000square feet (92.9 m2) in area, is divided intoat least two compartments of approximatelythe same size by a smoke barrier in accor-dance with Section 710. In addition to therequirements of Section 508, occupancy sep-arations between daycare and other occu-pancies shall be constructed as smokebarriers. Door openings in the smoke barrier

shall be tight fitting, with gaskets installed asrequired by Section 715.4.3.1 and shall beautomatic closing by actuation of the firesprinklers, fire alarm or smoke detection sys-tem; and

3.4. Each compartment formed by the smoke bar-rier has not less than two exits or exit-accessdoors, one of which is permitted to passthrough the adjoining compartment, and

3.5. At least one exit or exit-access door from theday-care facility shall be into a separatemeans of egress with not less than two pathsof exit travel, which are separated in such amanner to provide an atmospheric separa-tion.

3.6. The building is equipped with an automaticsprinkler system throughout.

442.1.5 Special hazards. School classrooms constructedafter January 1, 1990, not equipped with automatic sprin-kler systems, which have metal grilles or bars on all theirwindows and do not have at least two exit doors within 3feet (914 mm) of each end of the classroom opening to theexterior of the building or to a common hallway used forevacuation purposes, shall have an inside release for thegrilles or bars on at least one window farthest from theexit doors. The window or windows with the inside releaseshall be clearly marked as emergency exits.

442.1.6 Class I, II or III-A flammable liquids shall not beplaced, stored or used in Group E occupancies, except inapproved quantities as necessary in laboratories andclassrooms and for operation and maintenance as set forthin the California Fire Code.

SECTION 443GROUP L [SFM]

443.1 Scope. The provisions of this section shall apply tobuildings or structures, or portions thereof, containing one ormore Group L laboratory suites as defined in Section 443.2.

443.2 Definitions.The following terms are defined in Chapter2:

LABORATORY SUITE.

[F] LIQUID TIGHT FLOOR.

443.3 Laboratory suite requirements.

443.3.1 The gross square footage of an individual labora-tory suite shall not exceed 10,000 sq ft (929 m2).

443.3.2 An individual laboratory suite shall not servemore than a single tenant.

Exception: A laboratory suite controlled by a singleresponsible party.

443.4 Construction

443.4.1 Separation of laboratory suites.

443.4.1.1 Laboratory suites shall be separated fromother occupancies in accordance with Table 508.4.




443.4.1.2 Laboratory suites shall be separated fromother laboratory suites by a fire barrier having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1-hour.

443.4.1.3 Laboratory suites shall be separated fromcontrol areas by a minimum 2-hour fire-resistance rat-ing in accordance with Sections 707 and 712.

Exception: Laboratory suites shall be separatedfrom control areas by a minimum 1-hour fire-resis-tance rating on floor levels below the 4th story.

443.4.1.4 Horizontal separation. The floor construc-tion of the laboratory suite and the construction sup-porting the floor of the laboratory suite shall have aminimum 2-hour fire-resistance rating in accordancewith Section 712.

Exceptions:

1. The floor construction of the laboratory suiteand the construction supporting the floor ofthe laboratory suite are allowed to be 1-hourfire-resistance rated in buildings of Type IIA,IIIA and VA construction.

2. When an individual laboratory suite occupiesmore than one story, the intermediate floorscontained within the suite shall comply withthe requirements of Table 601.

443.4.2 Structural design occupancy category.

443.4.2.1 Buildings containing Group L occupancieswith an occupant load greater than 500 for colleges oradult education facilities, or other buildings with anoccupant load greater than 5,000 shall be classified asOccupancy Category III in accordance with Chapters16 and 16A.

443.4.2.2 Other buildings containing Group L occu-pancies shall be classified as Occupancy Category II inaccordance with Chapters 16 and 16A.

443.4.3 Fire barrier and fire-smoke barrier.

443.4.3.1 Fire barrier. A fire barrier having a fireresistance rating of not less than 2-hours shall divideany story containing more than one laboratory suiteabove the 4th story.

443.4.3.1.1 Fire barriers shall be continuous fromexterior wall to exterior wall,

443.4.3.1.2 The fire barrier shall divide the floor sothat the square footage on each side of the 2-hourfire barrier is not less than 30 percent of the totalfloor area, and

443.4.3.1.3 The number of laboratory suites on eachside of the 2-hour fire barrier shall not be less than25 percent of the total number of laboratory suiteson the floor.

443.4.3.2 Fire-smoke barrier. Any story containing aGroup L occupancy above the 10th story shall be subdi-vided by a fire-smoke barrier constructed as a fire bar-rier having a fire resistance rating of not less than 2-hours and shall also comply with the smoke barrierrequirements of Section 710.

The 2-hour fire- smoke barrier shall be in accor-dance with Sections 443.4.3 through 443.4.3.2.3.

443.4.3.2.1 A minimum of one door opening shall beprovided in the 2-hour fire-smoke barrier for emer-gency access.

443.4.3.2.2 Each side of the 2-hour fire- smoke bar-rier shall be designed as a separate smoke zonedesigned in accordance with Section 909.6.

443.4.3.2.3 The area on each side of the 2-hour fire-smoke barrier shall be served by a minimum of oneexit enclosure in accordance with Section 1022.

443.4.4 Emergency response equipment area. An area foremergency response equipment shall be provided on eachfloor in an approved location. The area shall be a mini-mum of 50 square feet (4.6 m2), accessed from outside thelaboratory suite and identified with signage

443.4.5 Liquid tight floor. All portions of the laboratorysuite where hazardous materials may be present shall beprovided with a liquid tight floor. Where the floor isdesigned to provide spill control or secondary contain-ment the floor shall be designed in accordance with Cali-fornia Fire Code Section 2704.2.

443.4.6 Emergency power. An emergency power systemshall be provided in accordance with Chapter 27.

443.4.6.1 Required systems. Emergency power shall beprovided for all electrically operated equipment, sys-tems and connected control circuits including:

1. Mechanical ventilation systems. See Section443.4.7.

2. Emergency alarm and monitoring systems.

3. Temperature control systems required to preventunsafe process excursions or chemical reactions.

4. Treatment systems and scrubbers.

5. Egress lighting.

6. Electrically operated systems required elsewherein this code and the California Fire Code.

443.4.7 Ventilation.

443.4.7.1 Compatibility. Incompatible materials shallnot be conveyed in the same duct system. Combinedproducts in mechanical exhaust ducts shall not create aphysical hazard or reaction that could degrade the ductmaterial. The building official may require a technicalreport in accordance with Section 443.7.1.

443.4.7.2 Fire dampers, smoke dampers and combina-tion fire/smoke dampers. Fire dampers, smoke damp-ers or fire/smoke dampers shall not be permitted inproduct conveying and other mechanical exhaust ductsystems used to maintain a safe laboratory environ-ment. When the exhaust duct penetrates the laboratorysuite boundary the exhaust duct shall be located withina horizontal assembly having a fire resistance ratingequal to the fire barrier.

443.4.7.3 Duct materials. Product conveying and othermechanical exhaust duct systems used to maintain a




safe laboratory environment shall be constructed inaccordance with Chapters 5 and 6 of the CaliforniaMechanical Code.

443.4.7.4 Laboratory suite exhaust air.

443.4.7.4.1 Exhaust air from laboratory suites shallnot be recirculated.

443.4.7.4.2 Laboratory suite exhaust air shall beindependently ducted to a point outside the buildingor a roof top structure.

Exceptions:

1. Exhaust ducts serving a single laboratorysuite.

2. Exhaust ducts serving separate laboratorysuites on the same story may be connectedto a common duct within a fire rated verti-cal shaft when the sub-duct extends verti-cally upward at least 22 inches.

3. Exhaust ducts serving separate laboratorysuites on the basement through the 4th storymay be connected to a common duct withina fire rated vertical shaft when the sub-ductextends vertically upward at least 22inches.

4. Exhaust ducts serving separate laboratorysuites on the 5th story and above may beconnected to a common duct that does notexceed 100 vertical feet within a fire ratedvertical shaft when the subducts extendsvertically upward at least 22 inches. Ductsserving the 5th story and above shall be sep-arate from the duct serving the 4th story andbelow, but may be within the same firerated shaft.

443.4.7.4.3 Laboratory suite exhaust ducts shall notpenetrate the 2-hour fire barrier required by Section443.4.3.

Exception: Where the exhaust duct is enclosed ina 2-hour shaft in accordance with Section 708.

443.4.7.5 Ventilation rates. Mechanical exhaust venti-lation systems shall provide a minimum ventilation ratenot less than 1 cubic feet per minute per square foot[0.00508 m3/(s·m2)] of floor area, or 6 air exchangesper hour, whichever is greater. Systems shall operatecontinuously at the designed ventilation rate.

443.4.7.6 Mechanical ventilation systems on emer-gency power. When operating on emergency power, theventilation rate may be reduced to a level sufficient tomaintain a differential pressure negative to the sur-rounding area.

443.4.7.7 Mechanical ventilation system balancing.Mechanical ventilation systems shall be designed andbalanced such that during normal and emergency con-ditions the door opening forces comply with therequirements of Sections 1008.1.3 and Chapter 11B as

applicable. Emergency conditions shall include: supplyfan shutdown or failure, closing of smoke dampers orcombination fire/smoke dampers, or emergency power.

443.5 Fire protection systems. See Chapter 9.

443.6 Means of egress.

443.6.1 Access to exits. Every portion of a laboratorysuite containing hazardous materials and having a floorarea of 500 square feet (19 m²) or more shall have accessto not less than two separate exits or exit-access doorwaysin accordance with Section 1015.2.

443.6.2 Door swing. All exit and exit-access doors servingareas with hazardous materials shall swing in the direc-tion of exit travel, regardless of the occupant load served.

443.6.3 Panic hardware. Exit and exit access doors fromareas with hazardous materials shall not be provided witha latch or lock unless it is panic hardware or fire exithardware.

443.6.4 Buildings more than four stories. A minimum ofone exit shall be provided to serve the floor on each side ofthe 2-hour fire barrier and shall comply with the provi-sions of Chapter 10.

443.6.5 Corridors. Corridors shall comply with Section1018 and shall have opening protection in accordancewith Tables 716.5 and 716.6.

443.7 Hazardous materials.

443.7.1 Technical report. The enforcing agency mayrequire a technical opinion and report to identify anddevelop methods of protection from the hazards presentedby the hazardous materials. A qualified person, firm orcorporation, approved by the enforcing agency, shall pre-pare the opinion and report, and shall be provided withoutcharge to the enforcing agency. The opinion and reportmay include, but is not limited to, the preparation of a haz-ardous material management plan (HMMP); chemicalanalysis; recommendations for methods of isolation, sepa-ration, containment or protection of hazardous materialsor processes, including appropriate engineering controlsto be applied; the extent of changes in the hazardousbehavior to be anticipated under conditions of exposure tofire or from hazard control procedures; and the limita-tions or conditions of use necessary to achieve and main-tain control of the hazardous materials or operations. Thereport shall be entered into the files of the code enforce-ment agencies. Proprietary and trade secret informationshall be protected under the laws of the state or jurisdic-tion having authority.

443.7.2 Multiple hazards. When a hazardous material hasmultiple hazards, all hazards shall be addressed and con-trolled in accordance with the provisions of this code.

443.7.3 Percentage of maximum allowable quantities.The percentage of the maximum allowable quantity of haz-ardous materials per laboratory suite permitted for eachstory level within a building shall be in accordance withTable 443.7.3.1.




TABLE 443.7.3.1HAZARDOUS MATERIALS QUANTITY PER LABORATORY SUITE

UL = Unlimited, NP= Not permitted

a. Percentages shall be of the maximum allowable quantity per laboratorysuite shown in Tables 307.1(1) and 307.1(2). Allowable hazardousmaterial increases for buildings equipped throughout with an automaticsprinkler system shall not be applicable to Group L occupancies.

b. When an individual laboratory suite occupies more than one story, themore restrictive percentage of the maximum allowable quantity perlaboratory suite shall apply.

c. The total aggregate quantity of flammable liquids on the first story belowgrade shall be limited to the maximum total aggregate quantity for GroupB occupancy control areas.

d. The total aggregate quantity of flammable liquids on the second storylevel below grade shall be limited to a maximum total aggregate quantityfor Group B occupancy control areas.

443.7.4 Handling and transportation. The handling andtransportation of hazardous materials shall be in accor-dance with Section 2703 of the California Fire Code.

443.7.5 Transportation of hazardous materials above the10th story. Transportation of hazardous materials abovethe 10th story shall be limited to 5 percent of the maximumallowable quantities of Tables 307.1 (1) and 307.1(2.)Quantities are permitted to be increased 100 percent inbuildings with an approved automatic sprinkler system inaccordance with Section 903.3.1.1. Materials where foot-note g of Table 307.1(1) applies shall not be increased.

443.8. Elevators and elevator lobbies above the 10th story.Any story containing a Group L occupancy above the 10th

story shall be provided with elevators and elevator lobbies inaccordance with Sections 443.8.1 through 443.8.3.

443.8.1 An elevator that serves every story of the buildingshall be provided on each side of the 2-hour fire-smokebarrier.

443.8.2 An elevator lobby shall be provided on each sideof the 2-hour fire-smoke barrier at each floor in accor-dance with Section 708.14.1. Exceptions to 708.14.1 shallnot apply.

443.8.3 The elevator and its associated elevator lobbiesand elevator machine rooms shall be pressurized in accor-dance with Section 909.6.

443.9 Existing Group L (Formerly Group H-8) occupancies,additions, alterations, or repairs. See Section 3416.

SECTION 444Reserved

SECTION 445LARGE FAMILY DAY-CARE HOMES [SFM]

445.1 Large family day-care homes.

445.2 For purposes of clarification, Health and Safety CodeSection 1597.46 is repeated.

(a) A city, county, or city and county shall not prohibitlarge family day care homes on lots zoned for single-fam-ily dwellings, but shall do one of the following:

(1) Classify these homes as a permitted use of residen-tial property for zoning purposes.

(2) Grant a nondiscretionary permit to use a lot zonedfor a single-family dwelling to any large family day-care home that complies with local ordinances pre-scribing reasonable standards, restrictions andrequirements concerning spacing and concentration,traffic control, parking and noise control relating tosuch homes, and complies with subdivision (d) and anyregulations adopted by the state fire marshal pursuantto that subdivision. Any noise standards shall be con-sistent with local noise ordinances implementing thenoise element of the general plan and shall take intoconsideration the noise level generated by children.The permit issued pursuant to this paragraph shall begranted by the zoning administrator, if any, or if thereis no zoning administrator by the person or personsdesignated by the planning agency to grant such per-mits, upon the certification without a hearing.

(3) Require any large family day-care home to applyfor a permit to use a lot zoned for single-family dwell-ings. The zoning administrator, if any, or if there is nozoning administrator, the person or persons designatedby the planning agency to handle the use permits shallreview and decide the applications. The use permitshall be granted if the large family day care home com-plies with local ordinances, if any, prescribing reason-able standards, restrictions and requirementsconcerning spacing and concentration, traffic control,parking and noise control relating to such homes, andcomplies with subdivision (d) and any regulationsadopted by the state fire marshal pursuant to that sub-division.

Any noise standards shall be consistent with localnoise ordinances implementing the noise element of thegeneral plan and shall take into consideration the noiselevels generated by children.

STORY

PERCENTAGE OF MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE

QUANTITY PER LABORATORY

SUITEa, b

NUMBER OF LAB SUITES PER FLOOR BASED ON CONSTRUCTION TYPE

Type IA

Type IB

Type IIA,

IIIA, IV

Type IIB, IIIB,

VA

Type VB

Above grade plane

Above 20

0 NP NP NP NP NP

15 to 20 25 4 NP NP NP NP

11, 12, 13, 14

50 8 NP NP NP NP

7, 8, 9, 10

50 16 NP NP NP NP

6 75 20 20 NP NP NP

4, 5 75 20 20 20 NP NP

3 100 UL UL UL UL NP

1, 2 100 UL UL UL UL UL

Below grade plane

1 75c 10 10 10 10 10

2 50d 5 5 5 5 5

3 and below

0 NP NP NP NP NP




The local government shall process any requiredpermit as economically as possible, and fees chargedfor review shall not exceed the costs of the review andpermit process. Not less than 10 days prior to the dateon which the decision will be made on the application,the zoning administrator or person designated to han-dle such use permits shall give notice of the proposeduse by mail or delivery to all owners shown on the lastequalized assessment roll as owning real propertywithin a 100-foot radius of the exterior boundaries ofthe proposed large family day care home. No hearingon the application for a permit issued pursuant to thisparagraph shall be held before a decision is madeunless a hearing is requested by the applicant or otheraffected person. The applicant or other affected personmay appeal the decision. The appellant shall pay thecost, if any of the appeal.

(b) A large family day-care home shall not be subject tothe provisions of Division 13 (commencing with Section21000) of the Public Resources Code.

(c) Use of a single-family dwelling for the purposes of alarge family day-care home shall not constitute a changeof occupancy for purposes of Part 1.5 (commencing withSection 17910) of Division 13 (State Housing Law), or forpurposes of local building and fire codes.

(d) Large family day-care homes shall be considered assingle-family residences for the purposes of the State Uni-form Building Standards Code and local building and firecodes, except with respect to any additional standardsspecifically designed to promote the fire and life safety ofthe children in these homes adopted by the State Fire Mar-shal pursuant to this subdivision.

445.3 Smoke alarms. Large family day-care homes shall beequipped with State Fire Marshal approved and listed singlestation residential type smoke alarms. The number and place-ment of smoke alarms shall be determined by the enforcementauthority.

445.4 Fire extinguishers. Large and small family day-carehomes shall be equipped with a portable fire extinguisherhaving a minimum 2A10BC rating.

445.5 Fire alarm devices. See Section 907.2.6.4.

445.6 Compliance. Every large-family day-care home shallcomply with the provisions for Group R-3 occupancies and, ifappropriate, Section 426.1. For the purposes of Section426.1, the first story shall be designated as the floor used forresidential occupancy nearest to the street level which pro-vides primary access to the building.

Enforcement of the provisions shall be in accordance withthe Health and Safety Code Sections 13145 and 13146. Nocity, county, city and county, or district shall adopt or enforceany building ordinance or local rule or regulation relating tothe subject of fire and life safety in large-family day-carehomes which is inconsistent with those standards adopted bythe State Fire Marshal, except to the extent the building ordi-nance or local rule or regulation applies to single-family res-idences in which day care is not provided.

445.7 Special hazards. Every unenclosed gas-fired waterheater or furnace which is within the area used for child carein a large family day-care home shall be protected in such away as to prevent children from making contact with thoseappliances.

Exception: This does not apply to kitchen stoves or ovens.

445.8 Exiting. See Section 1015.7.


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