california history-social science content standards grade...

A Correlation of

©2016

To the

California History-Social Science

Content Standards

Grade 12

A Correlation of Magruder’s American Government, ©2016 to the

California History-Social Science Content Standards

TE = Teacher’s Edition 2 SE = Student Edition

Introduction

This document demonstrates how Pearson Magruder’s American Government, ©2016 meets the

California History-Social Science Content Standards, Grade 12. Citation references are to the Student

Edition and Teacher’s Edition

Hailed as a stellar educational resource since 1917, Pearson is excited to announce the NEW

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Pearson Magruder’s American Government program uses a research tested four-part learning

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activate their prior knowledge, personal experience, and perspective.

2. Investigate: Students actively learn, investigate, and acquire key content knowledge

through a variety of components both in print and digital.

3. Synthesize: Students extend their understanding by applying what they just learned in a

quick recap and “pull-it-all-together” exercise before they move on to the next lesson.

4. Demonstrate: Students demonstrate their understanding through a variety of authentic,

formative, and summative assessments.

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Flipped Videos available to assign to students or serve as quick refreshers

Copyright ©2016 Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliate(s). All rights reserved




Table of Contents

Principles of American Democracy .................................................................................................... 4

12.1. ........................................................................................................................................................ 4

12.2 ......................................................................................................................................................... 8

12.3 ....................................................................................................................................................... 12

12.4. ...................................................................................................................................................... 14

12.5. ...................................................................................................................................................... 16

12.6. ...................................................................................................................................................... 18

12.7 ....................................................................................................................................................... 21

12.8 ....................................................................................................................................................... 26

12.9……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 27

Principles of Economics ..................................................................................................................... 31

12.1. ...................................................................................................................................................... 31

12.2. ...................................................................................................................................................... 32

12.3 ....................................................................................................................................................... 35

12.4 ....................................................................................................................................................... 37

12.5. ...................................................................................................................................................... 39

12.6. ...................................................................................................................................................... 40





Content Standards

Principles of American

Democracy and Economics, Grade 12

Magruder’s American Government

©2016

Principles of American Democracy

12.1 Students explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy

as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American

democracy.

1. Analyze the influence of ancient Greek,

Roman, English, and leading European political

thinkers such as John Locke, Charles-Louis

Montesquieu, Niccolò Machiavelli, and William

Blackstone on the development of American

government

SE/TE: Thomas Hobbes, 7; The Social Contract

Theory (John Locke), 8, 26; William Blackstone,

26; Athens: The First Democracy & The Roman

Republic, 20; John Locke, 51; Assessment:

Analyze Information 54; Montesquieu, 60

Topic 2 Assessment (3: Explain Major Political

Ideas in History), 72

21st Century Skills: Analyze Primary and

Secondary Sources, 787–788

Digital Resources:

21st Century Skills Tutorials: Analyze Primary and

Secondary Sources

Interactive Primary Sources (examples related to

wide range of perspectives): The Republic, Plato;

Politics, Aristotle; Two Treatises of Government,

John Locke; The Spirit of Laws, Baron de

Montesquieu; The Social Contract, Jean-Jacques

Rousseau

2. Discuss the character of American

democracy and its promise and perils as

articulated by Alexis de Tocqueville

SE/TE: Democracy in America: Alexis de

Tocqueville, 763–764; also see: Principles of

Government, 4–11; The Basics of Democracy,

27–32; Origins of American Political Ideals, 40–

45; An Overview of the Constitution78–89

Topic Assessment: Topic 1 Assessment (20:

Identify Beliefs and Principles), 35; Topic 2

Assessment (12: Identify American Beliefs and

Principles), 73; Topic 3 Assessment (17: Identify

American Beliefs and Principles), 123





Content Standards




©2016

(Continued)

2. Discuss the character of American

democracy and its promise and perils as

articulated by Alexis de Tocqueville

(Continued)

Digital Resources:

Social Studies Core Concepts: Government and

Civics – Foundations of Government; Political

Systems; Citizenship

21st Century Skills Tutorials: Political

Participation; Voting

Social Studies Reference Center: Constitution Day

Resources – The Constitution of the United

States

3. Explain how the U.S. Constitution reflects a

balance between the classical republican

concern with promotion of the public good and

the classical liberal concern with protecting

individual rights; and discuss how the basic

premises of liberal constitutionalism and

democracy are joined in the Declaration of

Independence as “self-evident truths.”

SE/TE: Principles of Government, 4–11;

The Basics of Democracy, 27–32; Origins of

American Political Ideals, 40–45; The

Declaration of Independence, 51–53; An

Overview of the Constitution78–89


Identify Traditions That Informed the American

Founding), 33; (20: Identify Beliefs and

Principles), 35; Topic 2 Assessment (6: Identify

Significant Individuals), 73; (12: Identify

American Beliefs and Principles), 73; Topic 3

Assessment (17: Identify American Beliefs and

Principles), 123

Digital Resources:



Systems; Citizenship





States





Content Standards




©2016

4. Explain how the Founding Fathers’ realistic

view of human nature led directly to the

establishment of a constitutional system that

limited the power of the governors and the

governed as articulated in the Federalist Papers

SE/TE: The Fight for Ratification, 67–71

Anti-Federalist Papers; The Federalist No. 10,

James Madison, 749–752; The Federalist No. 39,

James Madison, 752–755; The Federalist No. 51,

756–758; The Federalist No. 78, Alexander

Hamilton, 758–762

Topic 1 Assessment (22: Analyze the Federalist

Papers), 36; Topic 4 Assessment (11: Analyze

How The Federalist Explains American

Government), 196; Topic 6 Assessment (5:

Analyze the Federalist Papers), 291; Topic 10

Assessment (3: Analyze Federalist Papers), 497;

Topic 13 Assessment (1: Explain the Importance

and Understand the Role), 671; (4: Evaluate

Constitutional Provisions), 671; (10: Compare

State and Local Governments), 672

Digital Resources:

Interactive Primary Sources: Anti-Federalist

Papers; Federalist No. 10, James Madison;

Federalist No. 39, James Madison; Federalist

No. 51; Federalist No. 78, Alexander Hamilton





Content Standards




©2016

5. Describe the systems of separated and

shared powers, the role of organized interests

(Federalist Paper Number 10), checks and

balances (Federalist Paper Number 51), the

importance of an independent judiciary

(Federalist Paper Number 78), enumerated

powers, rule of law, federalism, and civilian

control of the military.

SE/TE: The Fight for Ratification, 67–71; An

Overview of the Constitution, 78–89; The

Constitution Reigns Supreme, 106–108; The

Expressed Powers, 147–158; The Implied and

Nonlegislative Powers, 159–169; State

Constitutions, 614–619

United States Constitution, 704–727; Anti-

Federalist Papers; The Federalist No. 10, James

Madison, 749–752; The Federalist No. 39, James

Madison, 752–755; The Federalist No. 51, 756–

758; The Federalist No. 78, Alexander Hamilton,

758–762

Topic 1 Assessment (22: Analyze the Federalist

Papers), 36; Topic 4 Assessment (11: Analyze

How The Federalist Explains American

Government), 196; Topic 6 Assessment (5:

Analyze the Federalist Papers), 291; Topic 10

Assessment (3: Analyze Federalist Papers), 497;

Topic 13 Assessment (1: Explain the Importance

and Understand the Role), 671; (4: Evaluate

Constitutional Provisions), 671; (10: Compare

State and Local Governments), 672

Digital Resources:

Interactive Primary Sources: Anti-Federalist

Papers; Federalist No. 10, James Madison;

Federalist No. 39, James Madison; Federalist

No. 51; Federalist No. 78, Alexander Hamilton





Content Standards




©2016

6. Understand that the Bill of Rights limits the

powers of the federal government and state

governments.

SE/TE: The Bill of Rights, 93–94; Amendments 1-

10, 720–721

Topic 8 Assessment (6: Create a Product That

Identifies Freedoms and Rights), 385; (7:

Analyze the Importance of the First

Amendment), 385; (9: Examine the Reasons for

the Protection of Religious Freedom), 386; (10:

Evaluate and Analyze Constitutional Provisions),

386

Digital Resources:


Resources –

Celebrate Freedom: Declaration of

Independence and the Bill of Rights

12.2 Students evaluate and take and defend positions on the scope and limits of rights and

obligations as democratic citizens, the relationships among them, and how they are

secured.

1. Discuss the meaning and importance of each

of the rights guaranteed under the Bill of Rights

and how each is secured (e.g., freedom of

religion, speech, press, assembly, petition,

privacy).

SE/TE: The Bill of Rights, 93–94; The Unalienable

Rights, 326–332; Freedom of Religion, 333–339;

Freedom of Speech and Press, 340–349;

Freedom of Assembly and Petition, 350–354;

Due Process of Law, 355–359; Freedom and

Security of the Person, 360–371; Rights of the

Accused, 372–384; Amendments 1-10, 720–721

Topic 8 Assessment, 385–387

Digital Resources:


Resources –

Celebrate Freedom: Declaration of






Content Standards




©2016

2. Explain how economic rights are secured and

their importance to the individual and to

society (e.g., the right to acquire, use, transfer,

and dispose of property; right to choose one’s

work; right to join or not join labor unions;

copyright and patent).

SE/TE: Democracy and the Free Enterprise

System, 31–32; The American Free Enterprise

System, 563–566

Topic 12 Assessment (1: Compare the Role of

Government in Economic Systems), 607; (2:

Compare the U.S. to Historical Forms of

Government), 607

Digital Resources:

Social Studies Core Concepts: Economics –

Economics Basics

3. Discuss the individual’s legal obligations to

obey the law, serve as a juror, and pay taxes.

SE/TE: Responsibilities, Duties, and Obligations

of Citizenship, 30–31; Your Right to Vote, 432–

439

Topic 1 Assessment (17: Understand

Citizenship), 35; (18: Evaluate the Obligations of

Citizenship), 35; (24: –Understand Citizenship),

36; (27: Understand Citizenship), 37; Topic 6

Assessment (3: Understand Responsibilities of

Citizenship), 291; Topic 8 Assessment (15:

Evaluate Obligations of Citizenship), 386; Topic

9 Assessment (11: Analyze Historical Examples),

419; Topic 10 Assessment (18: Analyze Citizen

Movements), 499; Topic 12 Assessment (13:

Understand the Responsibilities of Citizenship),

610

Digital Resources:


Resources – Celebrate Freedom: Declaration of

Independence and Constitution Day;

Declaration of Independence and the Bill of

Rights; The Constitution of the United States;

Primary Source: Declaration of Independence


Civics – Citizenship; Personal Finance – Taxes

and Income





Content Standards




©2016

(Continued)

3. Discuss the individual’s legal obligations to

obey the law, serve as a juror, and pay taxes.

(Continued)


Participation; Voting; Serving on a Jury; Being an

Informed Citizen

4. Understand the obligations of civic-

mindedness, including voting, being informed

on civic issues, volunteering and performing

public service, and serving in the military or

alternative service


of Citizenship, 30–31; The History of Voting

Rights, 424–431; Your Right to Vote, 432–439;

Voting Trends, 440–449; The Voting Process,

450–457; Nominations, 518–527: Electing the

President, 528–544

Topic 1 Assessment (17: Understand

Citizenship), 35; (18: Evaluate the Obligations of

Citizenship), 35; (24: Understand Citizenship),

36; (27: Understand Citizenship), 37; Topic 6

Assessment (3: Understand Responsibilities of

Citizenship), 291; Topic 8 Assessment (15:

Evaluate Obligations of Citizenship), 386; Topic

9 Assessment (11: Analyze Historical Examples),

419; Topic 10 Assessment (18: Analyze Citizen

Movements), 499; Topic 12 Assessment (13:


610

Digital Resources:


Resources – Celebrate Freedom: Declaration of

Independence and Constitution Day;

Declaration of Independence and the Bill of

Rights; The Constitution of the United States;

Primary Source: Declaration of Independence


Civics – Citizenship; Personal Finance – Taxes

and Income


Participation; Voting; Serving on a Jury; Being an

Informed Citizen





Content Standards




©2016

5. Describe the reciprocity between rights and

obligations; that is, why enjoyment of one’s

rights entails respect for the rights of others


of Citizenship, 30–31; The Unalienable Rights,

326–332; Freedom of Religion, 333–339;

Freedom of Speech and Press, 340–349;

Freedom of Assembly and Petition, 350–354;

Due Process of Law, 355–359; Freedom and

Security of the Person, 360–371; Rights of the

Accused, 372–384


Digital Resources:

Social Studies Reference Center: Landmark

Supreme Court Cases

21st Century Skills Tutorials: Solve Problems;

Make Decisions; Political Participation; Voting;

Serving on a Jury

Social Studies Social Studies Core Concepts:

Government and Civics – Foundations of

Government; Political Systems; Citizenship

6. Explain how one becomes a citizen of the

United States, including the process of

naturalization (e.g., literacy, language, and

other requirements).

SE/TE: American Citizenship, 390–397

Topic 9 Assessment (1: Evaluate a U.S.

Government Policy), 418; (2: Explain Changes in

American Culture), 418


Civics – Citizenship





Content Standards




©2016

12.3 Students evaluate and take and defend positions on what the fundamental values and

principles of civil society are (i.e., the autonomous sphere of voluntary personal, social, and

economic relations that are not part of government), their interdependence, and the

meaning and importance of those values and principles for a free society.

1. Explain how civil society provides

opportunities for individuals to associate for

social, cultural, religious, economic, and

political purposes.

SE/TE: Freedom of Assembly and Petition, 350–

354; Civil Rights: Diversity and Discrimination,

398–404; Federal Civil Rights Laws, 412–417

Topic 8 Assessment (16: Give Examples and

Analyze the Impact), 387; Topic 8 Assessment

(19: Write About the Essential Question. Write

an essay on the Essential Question: How much

power should the government have?), 387

Digital Resources:

Social Studies Reference Center: Biography –

César Chávez; Martin Luther King Jr.; Rosa Parks

Interactive Primary Sources: "I Have a Dream,"

Martin Luther King, Jr.; "Letter from

Birmingham Jail," Martin Luther King, Jr.; "I Will

Fight No More Forever," Chief Joseph

2. Explain how civil society makes it possible for

people, individually or in association with

others, to bring their influence to bear on

government in ways other than voting and

elections.

SE/TE: Amending the Constitution, 90–98; The

Supreme Court, 306–312; Civil Rights: Diversity

and Discrimination, 398–404; Equality Before

the Law, 405–411; Federal Civil Rights Laws,

412–417

Topic 1 Assessment (14: Understand the Rule of

Law), 34; Topic 3 Assessment (2: Identify the

Contributions), 121; (7: Understand the Role),

122; (22: Analyze the Functions of the Judicial

Branch), 123; Topic 7 Assessment (3: Analyze

Functions and Explain Provisions), 320; Topic 9

Assessment (15: Understand the Role of the

Rule of Law), 420





Content Standards




©2016

(Continued)

2. Explain how civil society makes it possible for

people, individually or in association with

others, to bring their influence to bear on

government in ways other than voting and

elections.

(Continued)

Digital Resources:

Social Studies Reference Center: Biography –

César Chávez; Martin Luther King Jr.; Rosa Parks

Interactive Primary Sources: "I Have a Dream,"

Martin Luther King, Jr.; "Letter from

Birmingham Jail," Martin Luther King, Jr.; "I Will

Fight No More Forever," Chief Joseph


Supreme Court Cases



3. Discuss the historical role of religion and

religious diversity.

SE/TE: Freedom of Religion, 333–339

Topic 8 Assessment (9: Identify the Reasons for

the Protection of Religious Freedom), 386

Digital Resources:


Culture – Religion

Interactive Primary Sources: The Mayflower

Compact





Content Standards




©2016

4. Compare the relationship of government and

civil society in constitutional democracies to the

relationship of government and civil society in

authoritarian and totalitarian regimes.

SE/TE: Types of Government, 12–18; The United

Kingdom: Comparison to the United States,

687–688; The Russian Federation: Comparison

to the United States, 694–695; China:

Comparison to the United States, 699–700

Topic 14 Assessment (3: Compare the U.S.

Constitutional Republic to Contemporary Forms

of Government), 701; (6: Compare the U.S.





Constitutional Republic to Historical Forms of

Government), 703; (13: Compare the U.S.


of Government), 703; (15: Analyze Advantages

and Disadvantages), 703

Digital Resources:



Systems; Political Structures

12.4 Students analyze the unique roles and responsibilities of the three branches of

government as established by the U.S. Constitution.

1. Discuss Article I of the Constitution as it

relates to the legislative branch, including

eligibility for office and lengths of terms of

representatives and senators; election to office;

the roles of the House and Senate in

impeachment proceedings; the role of the vice

president; the enumerated legislative powers;

and the process by which a bill becomes a law.

SE/TE: An Overview of the Constitution: An

Outline of the U.S. Constitution, 78–79: Article I,

80–81

United States Constitution: Article I, 704–713

Digital Resources:



States





Content Standards




©2016

2. Explain the process through which the

Constitution can be amended

SE/TE: Amending the Constitution: Text 4: The

27 Amendments, 93–98; State Constitutions,

614–619

Topic 3 Assessment (12: Describe the

Constitutionally Prescribed Procedures), 122;

(15: Create a Project), 123

Digital Resources:

Social Studies Reference Center: United States

Constitution; Celebrate Freedom: Declaration of


3. Identify their current representatives in the

legislative branch of the national government.

SE/TE: For related material see: National

Legislature Overview, 128–136; Congress at

Work-Organization and Committees, 170–181;

Congress at Work- Making Law, 182–194

Topic 4 Assessment (2: Compare Methods of Filling

Public Offices), 195; (17: Analyze the Functions of the

Legislative Branch), 197

Digital Resources:


Civics – Political Structures

4. Discuss Article II of the Constitution as it

relates to the executive branch, including

eligibility for office and length of term, election

to and removal from office, the oath of office,

and the enumerated executive powers

SE/TE: Article II, 81–82

United States Constitution: Article I, 713–715

Digital Resources:



States





Content Standards




©2016

5. Discuss Article III of the Constitution as it

relates to judicial power, including the length of

terms of judges and the jurisdiction of the

Supreme Court

SE/TE: Article III, 82–83

United States Constitution: Article III, 715–716

Digital Resources:



States

6. Explain the processes of selection and

confirmation of Supreme Court justices.

SE/TE: The Supreme Court, 306–312

Topic 7 Assessment (3: Analyze Functions And

Explain Provisions), 320; (4: Identify

Contributions and Individuals), 320

Digital Resources:


Supreme Court Cases

12.5 Students summarize landmark U.S. Supreme Court interpretations of the Constitution

and its amendments.

1. Understand the changing interpretations of

the Bill of Rights over time, including

interpretations of the basic freedoms (religion,

speech, press, petition, and assembly)

articulated in the First Amendment and the due

process and equal-protection-of-the-law

clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment.

SE/TE: The Unalienable Rights, 326–332;

Freedom of Religion, 333–339; Freedom of

Speech and Press, 340–349; Freedom of

Assembly and Petition, 350–354; Due Process of

Law, 355–359; Freedom and Security of the

Person, 360–371; Rights of the Accused, 372–

384


Digital Resources:


Supreme Court Cases



Serving on a Jury





Content Standards




©2016

(Continued)

1. Understand the changing interpretations of

the Bill of Rights over time, including

interpretations of the basic freedoms (religion,

speech, press, petition, and assembly)

articulated in the First Amendment and the due

process and equal-protection-of-the-law

clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment.

(Continued)




2. Analyze judicial activism and judicial restraint

and the effects of each policy over the decades

(e.g., the Warren and Rehnquist courts).

SE/TE: The Supreme Court, 306–312; Judicial

Activism & Judicial Restraint, 303; also see:

Brown v. Board of Education (Warren quoted),

407

Topic 4 Assessment (4: Explain Political

Divisions), 195; Topic 7 Assessment (3: Analyze

Functions And Explain Provisions), 320; (4:

Identify Contributions and Individuals), 320;

Topic 8 Assessment (2: Create a Presentation

Analyzing Interpretations of Rights), 385; (16:

Give Examples and Analyze the Impact), 387;

(18: Analyze Interpretations of Rights), 387

Digital Resources:


Supreme Court Cases

3. Evaluate the effects of the Court’s

interpretations of the Constitution in Marbury

v. Madison, McCulloch v. Maryland, and United

States v. Nixon, with emphasis on the

arguments espoused by each side in these

cases.

SE/TE Judicial Review, 87; Marbury v. Madison,

96, 121, 312, 320, 505; McCulloch v. Maryland,

106, 161, 162, 169, 583, 664; United States v.

Nixon, 217; What Is Judicial Review? 306–308;

Sequence Events, 312

Topic 3 Assessment (2: Identify the Contributions), 121;

Topic 7 Assessment (4: Identify Contributions and

Individuals), 320

Topic 3 Assessment (2: Identify the

Contributions), 121; Topic 7 Assessment (4:

Identify Contributions and Individuals), 320





Content Standards




©2016

(Continued)

3. Evaluate the effects of the Court’s

interpretations of the Constitution in Marbury

v. Madison, McCulloch v. Maryland, and United

States v. Nixon, with emphasis on the

arguments espoused by each side in these

cases.

(Continued)

Digital Resources:


Supreme Court Cases

4. Explain the controversies that have resulted

over changing interpretations of civil rights,

including those in Plessy v. Ferguson, Brown v.

Board of Education, Miranda v. Arizona,

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke,

Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena, and United

States v. Virginia (VMI).

SE/TE: Miranda v. Arizona, 311, 379, 385, 387;

Plessy v. Ferguson, 406, 407; Brown v. Board of

Education, 407, 411, 417, 419; Regents of the

University of California v. Bakke, 414–415;

United States v. Virginia (VMI), 410

Topic 7 Assessment (4: Identify Contributions

and Individuals), 320

Topic 9 Assessment (6: Explain Changes in

American Culture), 419; (7: Explain Changes in

American Culture), 419; (11: Analyze Historical

Examples), 419; (12: Evaluate Constitutional

Provisions), 419

Digital Resources:


Supreme Court Cases

12.6 Students evaluate issues regarding campaigns for national, state, and local elective

offices.

1. Analyze the origin, development, and role of

political parties, noting those occasional

periods in which there was only one major

party or were more than two major parties.

SE/TE: Political Parties and What They Do, 502–

517

Topic 11 Assessment (15: Analyze the Function

of Political Parties), 557

Digital Resources:







Content Standards




©2016

2. Discuss the history of the nomination

process for presidential candidates and the

increasing importance of primaries in general

elections.

SE/TE: Nominations, 518–527

Topic 11 Assessment (2: Compare Methods),

555

Digital Resources:



3. Evaluate the roles of polls, campaign

advertising, and the controversies over

campaign funding.

SE/TE: Voting Trends, 440–449; Public Opinion

and Polling, 458–470; Influencing Public

Opinion: The Mass Media, 471–479; The Voting

Process, 450–457; Nominations, 518–527:

Electing the President, 528–544


Evaluate the Impact of Electronic), 496; (9:

Evaluate the Impact of the Internet), 497; (10:

Compare Methods of Filling Public Offices), 497;

Topic 11 Assessment (7: Evaluate the Impact),

556; (11: Analyze the Electoral College and

Evaluate Government Data), 557; (18: Defend a

Point of View and Analyze the Electoral College),

558

Digital Resources:









Content Standards




©2016

4. Describe the means that citizens use to

participate in the political process (e.g., voting,

campaigning, lobbying, filing a legal challenge,

demonstrating, petitioning, picketing, running

for political office).

SE/TE: The History of Voting Rights, 424–431;

Your Right to Vote, 432–439; Voting Trends,

440–449; The Voting Process, 450–457;

Nominations, 518–527: Electing the President,

528–544


Compare Methods of Filling Public Offices), 497;

Topic 11 Assessment (7: Evaluate the Impact),

556; (11: Analyze the Electoral College and

Evaluate Government Data), 557; (18: Defend a

Point of View and Analyze the Electoral College),

558

Digital Resources:







States

5. Discuss the features of direct democracy in

numerous states (e.g., the process of

referendums, recall elections)

SE/TE: Referendums, 414, 511, 620, 625–626,

629, 691

Digital Resources:





States





Content Standards




©2016

6. Analyze trends in voter turnout; the causes

and effects of reapportionment and

redistricting, with special attention to spatial

districting and the rights of minorities; and the

function of the Electoral College.

SE/TE: Voting Trends, 440–449

Topic 10 Assessment (8: Understand Voting Patterns),

497

Digital Resources:



12.7 Students analyze and compare the powers and procedures of the national, state,

tribal, and local governments.

1. Explain how conflicts between levels of

government and branches of government are

resolved.

SE/TE: National Legislature Overview, 128–136;

The Two Houses, 137–146; The Expressed

Powers, 147–158; The Implied and

Nonlegislative Powers, 159–169; Congress at

Work - Organization and Committees, 170–181;

Congress at Work - Making Law, 182–194

Topic 1 Assessment (7: Analyze the Functions of

the Legislative Branch of Government), 33;

Topic 2 Assessment (8: Analyze the Structure

and Functions of the Legislative Branch), 73;

Topic 12 Assessment (11: Analyze Functions of

the Legislative Branch), 610

Digital Resources:


Constitution; Landmark Supreme Court Cases



Serving on a Jury


Government and Civics –Political Systems





Content Standards




©2016

2. Identify the major responsibilities and

sources of revenue for state and local

governments.

SE/TE: Financing Government, 580–588; State

and Local Spending and Revenue, 660–670

Topic 4 Assessment (8: Understand the Role of

Limited Government), 196; (10: Understand

Government Taxation), 196; Topic 11

Assessment (10: Examine Different Points of

View), 556; Topic 12 Assessment (8: Identify

Revenue Sources), 608; (9: Understand How

Taxation Restricts Enterprise), 608; (12: Explain

Domestic Policy Responsibilities), 609; (13:


609

Digital Resources:

21st Century Skills Tutorials: Paying Taxes

Social Studies Core Concepts: Personal Finance –

After High School

Taxes and Income; Economics – Economics

Basics; Economics Systems

3. Discuss reserved powers and concurrent

powers of state governments.

SE/TE: Federalism, 87–89; Three Types of

Federal Powers, 101–103; Powers Denied to the

Federal Government, 103; Powers of the Fifty

States, 103–105; Powers Denied to the States,

104–105; The Exclusive and Concurrent Powers,

105–106; The Constitution Reigns Supreme,

106–108; States and Federal Government

Sharing Resources, 113–116; How the Law

Crosses State Lines, 116–118; Extradition, 118–

119; Privileges and Immunities, 119–120

Topic 3 Assessment (8: Create a Visual

Presentation), 122; (9: Understand the Limits on

the National Government), 122; (24: Create a

Written Presentation), 123; Topic 13

Assessment (10: Compare State and Local

Governments), 672; (15: Compare the

Functions), 672; Topic 3 (23: Analyze the Federal

System of Government), 123





Content Standards




©2016

(Continued)

3. Discuss reserved powers and concurrent

powers of state governments.

(Continued)

Digital Resources:


Constitution

4. Discuss the Ninth and Tenth Amendments

and interpretations of the extent of the federal

government’s power.

SE/TE: Ninth Amendment, 93, 332; Tenth

Amendment, 93, 94, 100, 104

Digital Resources:


Constitution

5. Explain how public policy is formed, including

the setting of the public agenda and

implementation of it through regulations and

executive orders.

SE/TE: Government Immigration Policies, 393;

Government Policies on Undocumented Aliens,

395–397; Equality Before the Law, 405–411;

Fiscal and Monetary Policy, 573–579; U.S. Trade

Policies, 600–602

Topic 2 Assessment (15: Give Examples of

Processes Used to Affect Policy), 74; Topic 3

Assessment (11: Explain the Major

Responsibilities), 122; Topic 4 Assessment (1:

Explain Federal Responsibilities), 195; Topic 5

Assessment (7: Analyze U.S. Foreign Policy),

231; (11: Explain Major Foreign Policy


Evaluate a Court Decision), 386; (16: Give

Examples and Analyze the Impact), 387; Topic 9

Assessment (1: Evaluate a U.S. Government

Policy), 418; (5: Evaluate a U.S. Government

Policy), 419; (9: Give Examples of Processes),

419; Topic 10 Assessment (2: Evaluate Policies

and Decisions that Affect Particular Groups),

496; (19: Give Examples of Processes to Affect

Public Policy), 499; (21: Give Examples of

Processes That Affect Public Policy; Evaluate

Arguments for Point of View and Frame of

Reference), 499; Topic 12 Assessment (3:

Explain Fiscal and Monetary Policies), 607;





Content Standards




©2016

(Continued)

5. Explain how public policy is formed, including

the setting of the public agenda and

implementation of it through regulations and

executive orders.

(Continued)

(10: Identify Individuals in Government and

Politics), 610; (12: Explain Domestic Policy

Responsibilities), 610

Digital Resources:



Economics – Economic Systems; Personal

Finance – Taxes and Income

6. Compare the processes of lawmaking at each

of the three levels of government, including the

role of lobbying and the media.

SE/TE: National Legislature Overview, 128–136;

The Two Houses, 137–146; The Expressed

Powers, 147–158; The Implied and

Nonlegislative Powers, 159–169; Congress at

Work - Organization and Committees, 170–181;

Congress at Work - Making Law, 182–194

Topic 1 Assessment (7: Analyze the Functions of

the Legislative Branch of Government), 33;

Topic 2 Assessment (8: Analyze the Structure

and Functions of the Legislative Branch), 73;

Topic 12 Assessment (11: Analyze Functions of

the Legislative Branch), 610

Digital Resources:


Constitution; Landmark Supreme Court Cases



Serving on a Jury


Government and Civics –Political Systems





Content Standards




©2016

7. Identify the organization and jurisdiction of

federal, state, and local (e.g., California) courts

and the interrelationships among them.

SE/TE: The Judicial Branch, 296-297; The

National Judiciary, 298–305; The Supreme

Court, 306–312; The Inferior Courts and the

Special Courts, 313–319; Topic 7 Assessment,

320–322

Digital Resources:


Constitution


Civics – Political Structures

8. Understand the scope of presidential power

and decision making through examination of

case studies such as the Cuban Missile Crisis,

passage of Great Society legislation, War

Powers Act, Gulf War, and Bosnia.

SE/TE: The President's Foreign Affairs Powers,

224–229; Foreign Policy Overview, 261–272;

Diplomacy, 273–283; National Security, 284–290

Topic 4 Assessment (7: Analyze U.S. Foreign

Policy), 231; (11: Explain Major Foreign Policy

Responsibilities), 231; (14: Analyze U.S. Foreign),

232; Topic 5 Assessment (11: Explain Major

Foreign Policy Responsibilities), 231; Topic 12

Assessment (16: Examine Economic Resources

in Foreign Policy), 610; (17: Analyze U.S. Foreign

Policy), 611

Digital Resources:


Civics – Conflict and Cooperation



States





Content Standards




©2016

12.8 Students evaluate and take and defend positions on the influence of the media on

American political life.

1. Discuss the meaning and importance of a

free and responsible press

SE/TE: Freedom of Speech and Press, 340–

349

Topic 8 Assessment (7: Analyze the Importance

of the First Amendment), 385

Digital Resources:


Supreme Court Cases



Serving on a Jury




2. Describe the roles of broadcast, print, and

electronic media, including the Internet, as

means of communication in American politics.

SE/TE: Influencing Public Opinion: The Mass

Media, 471–479



Government), 703

Digital Resources:


Make Decisions; Political Participation; Voting

3. Explain how public officials use the media to

communicate with the citizenry and to shape

public opinion.

SE/TE: Influencing Public Opinion: The Mass

Media, 471–479; Understanding Interest

Groups, 480–495; Political Parties and What

They Do, 502–517

Topic 10 Assessment (4: Identify Significant

Individuals), 497





Content Standards




©2016

(Continued)

3. Explain how public officials use the media to

communicate with the citizenry and to shape

public opinion.

(Continued)

Digital Resources:


Make Decisions; Political Participation; Voting

12.9 Students analyze the origins, characteristics, and development of different political

systems across time, with emphasis on the quest for political democracy, its advances, and

its obstacles.

1. Explain how the different philosophies and

structures of feudalism, mercantilism,

socialism, fascism, communism, monarchies,

parliamentary systems, and constitutional

liberal democracies influence economic

policies, social welfare policies, and human

rights practices.

SE/TE: Types of Government, 12–18; The United

Kingdom: Comparison to the United States,

687–688; The Russian Federation: Comparison

to the United States, 694–695; China:

Comparison to the United States, 699–700











of Government), 703; (15: Analyze Advantages

and Disadvantages), 703

Digital Resources:




2. Compare the various ways in which power is

distributed, shared, and limited in systems of

shared powers and in parliamentary systems,

including the influence and role of

parliamentary leaders (e.g., William Gladstone,

Margaret Thatcher).

SE/TE: Federalism, 87–89; Three Types of

Federal Powers, 101–103; Powers Denied to the

Federal Government, 103; Powers of the Fifty

States, 103–105; Powers Denied to the States,

104–105; The Exclusive and Concurrent Powers,

105–106; The Constitution Reigns Supreme,

106–108; States and Federal Government

Sharing Resources, 113–116;





Content Standards




©2016

(Continued)

2. Compare the various ways in which power is

distributed, shared, and limited in systems of

shared powers and in parliamentary systems,

including the influence and role of

parliamentary leaders (e.g., William Gladstone,

Margaret Thatcher).

(Continued)

How the Law Crosses State Lines, 116–118;

Extradition, 118–119; Privileges and Immunities,

119–120

Topic 3 Assessment (8: Create a Visual

Presentation), 122; (9: Understand the Limits on

the National Government), 122; (24: Create a

Written Presentation), 123; Topic 13

Assessment (10: Compare State and Local

Governments), 672; (15: Compare the

Functions), 672; Topic 3 (23: Analyze the Federal

System of Government), 123

Digital Resources:





Constitution

3. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of

federal, confederal, and unitary systems of

government

SE/TE: Types of Government, 12–18

Topic 1 Assessment (9: Compare the Structures

of Governments), 34; (11: Analyze Unitary

Government), 34; (25: Analyze a Confederate

Government), 37

Digital Resources:




4. Describe for at least two countries the

consequences of conditions that gave rise to

tyrannies during certain periods (e.g., Italy,

Japan, Haiti, Nigeria, Cambodia).

SE/TE: For related material see: Authoritarian

Dictatorship & Autocracy, 14; World War II to

the End of the Cold War, 265–269; Today’s

Foreign Policy Challenges, 269–272; NATO, 277–

278; United Nations, 278–283; Nazi Germany,

677





Content Standards




©2016

(Continued)

4. Describe for at least two countries the

consequences of conditions that gave rise to

tyrannies during certain periods (e.g., Italy,

Japan, Haiti, Nigeria, Cambodia).

(Continued)


Significance and Evaluate Government Data),

702

Digital Resources:


Civics – Conflict and Cooperation

5. Identify the forms of illegitimate power that

twentieth-century African, Asian, and Latin

American dictators used to gain and hold office

and the conditions and interests that

supported them.

SE/TE: Latin America, 263–264; also see:

Authoritarian Dictatorship & Autocracy, 14;

Democracy and the Changing World, 676–681



702

Digital Resources:




6. Identify the ideologies, causes, stages, and

outcomes of major Mexican, Central American,

and South American revolutions in the

nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

SE/TE: Revolutions: Cuba, Haiti, 264

Digital Resources:


Civics – Political Systems; Conflict and

Cooperation

7. Describe the ideologies that give rise to

Communism, methods of maintaining control,

and the movements to overthrow such

governments in Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and

Poland, including the roles of individuals (e.g.,

Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Pope John Paul II, Lech

Walesa, Vaclav Havel).

SE/TE: Types of Government, 12–18; The

Russian Federation: Comparison to the United

States, 694–695; China: Comparison to the

United States, 699–700; also see: Socialism,

Communism, and Karl Marx, 568–569;

Communism, 569–570; Comparing the Free

Enterprise System with Other Economic

Systems, 571–572





Content Standards




©2016

(Continued)

7. Describe the ideologies that give rise to

Communism, methods of maintaining control,

and the movements to overthrow such

governments in Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and

Poland, including the roles of individuals (e.g.,

Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Pope John Paul II, Lech

Walesa, Vaclav Havel).

(Continued)











of Government), 703

Digital Resources:




8. Identify the successes of relatively new

democracies in Africa, Asia, and Latin America

and the ideas, leaders, and general societal

conditions that have launched and sustained,

or failed to sustain, them.

SE/TE: Democracy and the Changing World,

676–681

Digital Resources:




12.10 Students formulate questions about and

defend their analyses of tensions within our

constitutional democracy and the importance

of maintaining a balance between the following

concepts: majority rule and individual rights;

liberty and equality; state and national

authority in a federal system; civil disobedience

and the rule of law; freedom of the press and

the right to a fair trial; the relationship of

religion and government.

SE/TE: Essential Question, 2, 38, 74, 126, 198,

234, 296, 324, 388, 422, 500, 560, 612, 674;

Enduring Understandings, 3, 39, 77, 127, 199,

235, 297, 325, 387, 423, 501, 561, 613, 675;

Write about the Essential Question, 37, 74, 124,

197, 232, 294, 322, 387, 420, 499, 558, 611, 672,

703

Digital Resources:

21st Century Skills Tutorials: Create a Research

Hypothesis; Ask Questions; Search for

Information on the Internet


History – How Do Historians Study History?





Content Standards




©2016

Principles of Economics

12.1 Students understand common economic terms and concepts and economic reasoning.

1. Examine the causal relationship between

scarcity and the need for choices.

SE/TE: For related material see: Types of

Economic Systems, 562–572

21st Century Skills: Make Decisions, 795–796


Government in Economic Systems), 607; Topic

12 Assessment (5: Understand Constitutional

Protections), 608

Digital Resources:


Economics Basics; Economics Process;

Economics Systems

2. Explain opportunity cost and marginal

benefit and marginal cost.

SE/TE: For related material see: The American

Free Enterprise System, 563–566; Fiscal and

Monetary Policy, 573–579

Topic 12 Assessment (3: Explain Fiscal and

Monetary Policies), 607

Digital Resources:


Economics Basics

3. Identify the difference between monetary

and nonmonetary incentives and how changes

in incentives cause changes in behavior.

SE/TE: The Profit Motive, 564; Comparing the

Free Enterprise With Other Economic Systems,

571–572

Digital Resources:


Economics Basics

4. Evaluate the role of private property as an

incentive in conserving and improving scarce

resources, including renewable and

nonrenewable natural resources

SE/TE: Capitalism and the Factors of

Production, 562–563; Private Ownership, 564

Digital Resources:


Economics Basics





Content Standards




©2016

5. Analyze the role of a market economy in

establishing and preserving political and

personal liberty (e.g., through the works of

Adam Smith).

SE/TE: The American Free Enterprise System,

563–566


Government in Economic Systems), 607; (5:

Understand Constitutional Protections), 608

Digital Resources:


Economics Basics; Economics Systems

12.2 Students analyze the elements of America’s market economy in a global setting.

1. Understand the relationship of the concept

of incentives to the law of supply and the

relationship of the concept of incentives and

substitutes to the law of demand.

SE/TE: The Role of Competition (and law of

supply and demand), 564–565

Digital Resources:



2. Discuss the effects of changes in supply

and/or demand on the relative scarcity, price,

and quantity of particular products.

SE/TE: Law of Supply and Demand, 565

Digital Resources:



3. Explain the roles of property rights,

competition, and profit in a market economy.

SE/TE: Capitalism and the Factors of

Production, 562–563; Private Ownership, 564

Digital Resources:


Economics Basics





Content Standards




©2016

4. Explain how prices reflect the relative scarcity

of goods and services and perform the

allocative function in a market economy.

SE/TE: For related material see: Interest Rates,

257, 574, 578–579; The Depression and Deficit

Spending, 594–595

Topic 12 Assessment (21: Understand the

Executive Role in National Fiscal Policy), 611

Digital Resources:


Investments; Savings and Retirement; Credit

and Debt

5. Understand the process by which

competition among buyers and sellers

determines a market price

SE/TE: The Role of Competition (and law of

supply and demand), 564–565

Digital Resources:



6. Describe the effect of price controls on

buyers and sellers.

SE/TE: For related material see: The Profit

Motive, 564; Comparing the Free Enterprise

With Other Economic Systems, 571–572

Digital Resources:


Economics Basics

7. Analyze how domestic and international

competition in a market economy affects goods

and services produced and the quality,

quantity, and price of those products

SE/TE: U.S. Trade Policies, 600–602; Trade

Alliances and Organizations, 600–604

Topic 6 Assessment (17: Understand the Role),

293; Topic 12 Assessment (14: Identify the

Significance of Places), 610; (16: Examine

Economic Resources in Foreign Policy), 610; (17:

Analyze U.S. Foreign Policy), 611; (20:

Understand the Role of the Executive), 611

Digital Resources:

Social Studies Core Concepts: Economics – Trade





Content Standards




©2016

8. Explain the role of profit as the incentive to

entrepreneurs in a market economy

SE/TE: Entrepreneurs, 563; The Profit Motive,

564

Digital Resources:


Economics Basics

9. Describe the functions of the financial

markets.

SE/TE: The Federal Reserve System 574; How

Monetary Policy Influences the Economy, 577–

579; Connect, 579



Digital Resources:


Economics Basics; Economics Systems;

Economic Development

10. Discuss the economic principles that guide

the location of agricultural production and

industry and the spatial distribution of

transportation and retail facilities.

SE/TE: For related material see: Capitalism and

the Factors of Production, 562–563; The U.S. in

a Global Economy, 598–606


Significance of Key Natural Resources), 293

Digital Resources:


Economics Basics





Content Standards




©2016

12.3 Students analyze the influence of the federal government on the American economy.

1. Understand how the role of government in a

market economy often includes providing for

national defense, addressing environmental

concerns, defining and enforcing property

rights, attempting to make markets more

competitive, and protecting consumers’ rights.



Diplomacy, 273–283; National Security, 284–

290; The U.S. in a Global Economy, 598–606

Topic 4 Assessment (1: Explain Federal

Responsibilities), 195; (7: Analyze U.S. Foreign



232; Topic 6 Assessment (1: Examine Economic

Resources in Foreign Policy), 291; Topic 12

Assessment (14: Identify the Significance of

Places), 610; (16: Examine Economic Resources

in Foreign Policy), 610; 18: Analyze Functions of

the Executive Branch), 611; (20: Understand the

Role of the Executive), 611

Digital Resources:

21st Century Skills Tutorials: Analyze Cause and

Effect


History – How Do Historians Study History?;

Measuring Time; Historical Sources; Historical

Maps





Content Standards




©2016

2. Identify the factors that may cause the costs

of government actions to outweigh the benefits

SE/TE: Government Immigration Policies, 393;

Government Policies on Undocumented Aliens,

395–397; Equality Before the Law, 405–411;

Fiscal and Monetary Policy, 573–579; U.S. Trade

Policies, 600–602

Topic 2 Assessment (15: Give Examples of

Processes Used to Affect Policy), 74; Topic 3

Assessment (11: Explain the Major


Explain Federal Responsibilities), 195; Topic 5

Assessment (7: Analyze U.S. Foreign Policy),

231; (11: Explain Major Foreign Policy


Evaluate a Court Decision), 386; (16: Give

Examples and Analyze the Impact), 387; Topic 9

Assessment (1: Evaluate a U.S. Government

Policy), 418; (5: Evaluate a U.S. Government

Policy), 419; (9: Give Examples of Processes),

419; Topic 10 Assessment (2: Evaluate Policies

and Decisions that Affect Particular Groups),

496; (19: Give Examples of Processes to Affect

Public Policy), 499; (21: Give Examples of

Processes That Affect Public Policy; Evaluate

Arguments for Point of View and Frame of

Reference), 499; Topic 12 Assessment (3:

Explain Fiscal and Monetary Policies), 607; (10:

Identify Individuals in Government and Politics),

610; (12: Explain Domestic Policy

Responsibilities), 610

Digital Resources:



Economics – Economic Systems; Personal

Finance – Taxes and Income





Content Standards




©2016

3. Describe the aims of government fiscal

policies (taxation, borrowing, spending) and

their influence on production, employment,

and price levels.

SE/TE: How Fiscal Policy Influences the

Economy, 576–577, 578–579


Monetary Policies), 607; (12: Explain Domestic

Policy Responsibilities), 610; Topic 13

Assessment (9: Explain Government Fiscal

Policies), 672; (16: Explain Government Fiscal

Policies), 672

Digital Resources:


Economics Basics

4. Understand the aims and tools of monetary

policy and their influence on economic activity

(e.g., the Federal Reserve).

SE/TE: How Monetary Policy Influences the

Economy, 577–579



Digital Resources:


Economics Basics

12.4 Students analyze the elements of the U.S. labor market in a global setting.

1. Understand the operations of the labor

market, including the circumstances

surrounding the establishment of principal

American labor unions, procedures that unions

use to gain benefits for their members, the

effects of unionization, the minimum wage, and

unemployment insurance.

SE/TE: For related material see: The

Commercial Revolution (high value of labor), 22;

Undocumented Aliens and Labor, 396; Labor,

563; The Role of the Department of Labor, 574–

575; Tomorrow’s Marketplace, 606

Digital Resources:


After High School; Taxes and Income; Risk

Management; Consumer Smarts





Content Standards




©2016

2. Describe the current economy and labor

market, including the types of goods and

services produced, the types of skills workers

need, the effects of rapid technological change,

and the impact of international competition.

SE/TE: The Role of the Department of Labor,

574–575; The U.S. in a Global Economy, 598–

606

Digital Resources:




3. Discuss wage differences among jobs and

professions, using the laws of demand and

supply and the concept of productivity.

SE/TE: For related material see: The



563; The Role of the Department of Labor, 574–

575; Tomorrow’s Marketplace, 606

Digital Resources:




4. Explain the effects of international mobility

of capital and labor on the U.S. economy.


574–575; The U.S. in a Global Economy, 598–

606; also see: The Commercial Revolution (high

value of labor), 22; Undocumented Aliens and

Labor, 396; Labor, 563

Digital Resources:








Content Standards




©2016

12.5 Students analyze the aggregate economic behavior of the U.S. economy.

1. Distinguish between nominal and real data. SE/TE: Topic Assessment: (activities involving

maps and spatial data), Topic 1 Assessment (25:

Analyze a Confederate Government), 37; Topic

6 Assessment (1: Examine Economic Resources

in Foreign Policy), 291; Topic 11 Assessment

(11: Analyze the Electoral College and Evaluate

Government Data), 557; (12: Analyze Electoral

College and Interpret Information), 557; Topic

14 Assessment (1: Identify the Significance to

the United States), 701; (5: Identify the


702

Digital Resources:

21st Century Skills Tutorials: Analyze Data and

Models; Create Databases; Read Charts,

Graphs, and Tables

2. Define, calculate, and explain the significance

of an unemployment rate, the number of new

jobs created monthly, an inflation or deflation

rate, and a rate of economic growth.

SE/TE: For related material see: The Role of the

Department of Labor, 574–575; The U.S. in a

Global Economy, 598–606; also see: The



563; Interest Rates, 257, 574, 578–579; The

Depression and Deficit Spending, 594–595



Digital Resources:



and Debt





Content Standards




©2016

3. Distinguish between short-term and long-

term interest rates and explain their relative

significance

SE/TE: For related material see: Interest Rates,

257, 574, 578–579; The Depression and Deficit

Spending, 594–595



Digital Resources:



and Debt

12.6 Students analyze issues of international trade and explain how the U.S. economy

affects, and is affected by, economic forces beyond the United States’s borders.

1. Identify the gains in consumption and

production efficiency from trade, with

emphasis on the main products and changing

geographic patterns of twentieth-century trade

among countries in the Western Hemisphere.

SE/TE: U.S. Trade Policies, 600–602; Trade

Alliances and Organization, 602–604

Topic 12 Assessment (16: Examine Economic

Resources in Foreign Policy), 610

Digital Resources:

Social Studies Core Concepts: Economics – Trade

2. Compare the reasons for and the effects of

trade restrictions during the Great Depression

compared with present-day arguments among

labor, business, and political leaders over the

effects of free trade on the economic and social

interests of various groups of Americans.


574–575; The Depression and Deficit Spending,

594–595; also see: The Commercial Revolution

(high value of labor), 22; Undocumented Aliens

and Labor, 396; Labor, 563; Interest Rates, 257,

574, 578–579;



Digital Resources:


Economics Basics; Economic Systems





Content Standards




©2016

3. Understand the changing role of

international political borders and territorial

sovereignty in a global economy.



Diplomacy, 273–283; National Security, 284–290

Topic 1 Assessment (14: Understand the Rule of

Law), 34; Topic 4 Assessment (1: Explain Federal

Responsibilities), 195; (7: Analyze U.S. Foreign



232; Topic 5 Assessment (11: Explain Major

Foreign Policy Responsibilities), 231; Topic 12

Assessment (16: Examine Economic Resources

in Foreign Policy), 610; (17: Analyze U.S. Foreign

Policy), 611

Digital Resources:


Economics – Trade; Government and Civics –

Political Systems; Conflict and Cooperation

4. Explain foreign exchange, the manner in

which exchange rates are determined, and the

effects of the dollar’s gaining (or losing) value

relative to other currencies.

SE/TE: Exchange Rates, 574

Digital Resources:


Economics Basics; Economic Development;

Trade

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