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PRACTICE, PRACTICE, PRACTICE Striving for Proficiency 1 Source: Cambridge ESOL CPE Handbook ¿

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Page 1: Cambridge Proficiency practice

PRACTICE, PRACTICE, PRACTICEStriving for Proficiency

1Source: Cambridge ESOL CPE Handbook

¿

Page 2: Cambridge Proficiency practice

WORD FORMATION Use the word in capitals to form a word that fits in the space in the same line.

The first one is done as an example.

2http://www.flo-joe.co.uk/cpe/students/tests/wfts1.htm

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For many people Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) is the most (0 INFLUENCE) influential figure in the history of western classical music. His (1 ORDINARY) _______ talent was already clearly evident as a young man, (2 MERCY) __________ surviving a somewhat unconventional (3 BRING) __________ during which his eccentric father would often force him to take music lessons in the middle of the night.

3

A MUSICAL GENIUS1. EXTRAORDINARY

2. MERCIFULLY 2. UPBRINGING

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The young Beethoven's ability won him the admiration of leading contemporary musical figures. Throughout the 1790s he worked hard to secure the interest of wealthy patrons. Such patronage (4 ABLE) __________ him to concentrate on becoming a successful composer.

4

4. ENABLED

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Whatever his awe-inspiring musical (5 ACHIEVE) __________ however, his personal life was something of a disaster. His day-to-day (6 RELATE) __________ with people invariably turned out to be rather turbulent. Although he apparently fell in love with a number of society women, the identity of the girl who lay closest to his heart remains (7 ELUDE) __________ to this day. 5

5. ACHIEVEMENT/S

6. RELATIONSHIPS

7. ELUSIVE

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However, just at the point when Beethoven was beginning to reap the rewards of his early endeavours, he had to come to terms with the crushing (8 REALISE) __________ that his increasing deafness was (9 CURE) __________. From that point on, his music displayed a (10 STRIKE) __________ change in style, becoming both heavier in tone and larger in scale.

6

8. REALIZATION

9. INCURABLE

10. STRIKING

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OPEN CLOZE

INSTRUCTIONS

For questions 1-15, read the text below and provide the word which best fits in each space. Use only one word in each space.

The first blank (0) is done as an example.

7

http://www.flo-joe.co.uk/cpe/students/tests/ocltst1.htm adapted

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GlobalEnglish

8

Global English exists (0) as a political and cultural reality. Many misguided theories attempt to explain why the English language should have succeeded internationally, whilst (1) ... have not. Is it because there is (2) ... inherently logical or beautiful about the structure of English? Does its simple grammar (3) ... it easy to learn? Such ideas are misconceived. Latin was once a major international language, despite having a complicated grammatical structure, and English also presents learners (4) ... all manner of real difficulties, (5) ... least its spelling system. Ease (6) ... learning, therefore, has little to (7) ... with it. (8) ... all, children learn to speak their mother tongue in approximately the same period of time, (9) ... of their language.

1. OTHERS 2. SOMETHING 3. MAKE 4. WITH5. NOT 6. OF 7. DO

8. AFTER 9. REGARDLESS, IRRESPECTIVE

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9

English has spread not so (10) ... for linguistic reasons, but rather because it has often found (11) ... in the right place, at the right time. (12) ... the 1960s, two major developments have contributed to strengthening this global status. Firstly, in a number of countries, English is now used in addition to national or regional languages. As (13) ... as this, an electronic revolution has taken (14) ... . It is estimated that (15) ... the region of 80% of worldwide electronic communication is now in English.

10. MUCH11. ITSELF

12. SINCE

13. WELL14. PLACE15. IN

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GETTING READY - Vocabulary

GrossHugeA whirlwindCraveLongYearn

FancyLay upTake upCatch upEmpowerEntitle

10

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GROSS It's also the sixth overall highest grossing political

documentary behind four Michael Moore movies and former Vice President Al Gore's environmental film "An Inconvenient Truth.” Seattle Times 8/31/12

“Some have argued that there were gross inequalities in the way Asians treated Ugandans back then. BBC 8/5/12

He also described Hodson's actions as a "gross breach of trust". BBC 8/22/12

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HUGE Huge, enormous, immense, tremendous imply great magnitude. Huge implies massiveness, bulkiness, or even shapelessness: a

huge mass of rock; a huge collection of antiques. Enormous, literally out of the norm, applies to what exceeds in extent, magnitude, or degree, a norm or standard: an enormous iceberg.

Tremendous, in informal use, applies to anything so huge as to be astonishing or to inspire awe: a tremendous amount of equipment.

Immense, literally not measurable, is particularly applicable to what is exceedingly great, without reference to a standard: immense buildings.

All are used figuratively: a huge success; enormous curiosity; tremendous effort; immense joy. 12

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Someone could go open up credit cards, obtain government-issued ID, take out loans, and generally create a huge headache for Byrd. Time 9/7/12

With a huge boost from sports fans, Americans eat about 25 billion Buffalo wings annually, according to chicken industry data. Seattle Times 9/6/12

However, the software, functionality, usability, durability and reliability are also huge factors.Forbes 9/6/12

The submerged state lurks most massively in tax policy, which provides huge benefits, but ones that are largely invisible to their recipients. NY Times 9/6/12 13

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WHIRLWIND

This was a whirlwind performance, tubas, trombone and trumpets blasting out thrillingly, cymbals crashing with a celestial grandeur the composer would have loved. The Guardian 8/4/12

Two years of whirlwind preparations are about to come to fruition. Seattle Times 7/3/12

Cruise and Holmes married in 2006 after a whirlwind love affair. Seattle Times 6/30/12

The Czechs have been a mixed bag, sliced and diced by Russia and then victorious against Greece thanks to a whirlwind start. The Guardian 6/16/12 14

vendaval, turbilhão, redemoinho, um rápido namoro

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CRAVE, LONG for, YEARN for

Exercise also can help those who are trying to stop smoking by lowering stress levels the body experiences during a craving. Seattle Times 8/22/12

The elite youth have the money, but crave the higher living standards of developed nations. NY Times 8/22/12

Many came yearning to reunite with parents who have long been living here illegally. NY Times 8/25/12

There is something so yearning about the initial chord sequence.The Guardian 8/14/12 15

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CATCH UP / TAKE UP / LAY UP1. to bring or get up to date2. to come up to or overtake (something or someone)

(usually followed by with )3. to become involved or entangled with

To use up, consume, or occupy To develop an interest in or enter into: take up

mountain climbing; take up engineering.

1. To stock for future use2. Informal To confine with an illness or injury 16

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FANCY1.a. Highly decorated: a fancy hat. b. Complex or intricate: the fancy footwork of a figure skater.2.a. Elegantly fashionable or sophisticated: a fancy restaurant; a fancy way of asking for a loan. b. Of superior grade; fine: fancy preserves.3. Excessive or exorbitant: paid a fancy price for the car.

“Fanciest outhouse I’ve ever seen,” one guest said. NY TIMES 9/5/12

Brompton Cemetery … Fancy watching The Shining here after dark? The Guardian 8/29/12

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TO EMPOWER 1. to give power or authority to; authorize, especially by

legal or official means: I empowered my agent to make the deal for me. The local ordinance empowers the board of health to close unsanitary restaurants. 2. to enable or permit: Wealth empowered him to live a comfortable life.

She said communities needed to be "empowered" to becoming healthier. BBC 9/4/12

Farmers have been empowered to improve their own lives through accessing critical agricultural information as opposed to depending on aid. The Guardian 8/25/12

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TO BE ENTITLED TO

Of course you are entitled to express your feelings! Slate 9/5/12

Essex Police said departing employees only received payments they were "contractually and legally entitled to”. BBC 9/5/12

"Typically, staff who have worked in the force at a senior level over a long period of time are entitled to sizeable payments."BBC 9/5/12

But now semi-retired, he said he had been told he was no longer entitled to remain in the UK indefinitely.BBC 9/2/12

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Multiple Choice Lexical ClozeVOCABULARY BUILDING

20www.flo-joe.co.uk/cpe/students/tests/printrp1.htm

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Jerome Flynn – Actor Turned Singer EXERCISE 1

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After a variety of jobs, Jerome Flynn became (1) greatly/largely/hugely/grossly successful with fellow Robson Green in the TV series Soldier, Soldier, and then when they (2) joined/teamed/fixed/grouped up as singers in 1995, they had 3 number one hits. 'It was a whirlwind, fantasy time,' says Jerome. 'We made the records because we quite (3) craved/longed/yearned/fancied the money, and it paid off. It was a lot of fun, but you can become (4) laid /seized /taken /caught up in the pop world. It's addictive, and once you're a pop star, people tend to (5) lift/ have/ put/ hold you on a pedestal. It was so mad we had to get out while the going was good. Now money doesn't seem so much, although it (6) enabled/empowered/entitled/effected me to leave my career behind for a while. But Robson wanted to go back to acting and has made quite a success of it. I'd like to work with him again one day. 22

TEAMED joined / fixed / grouped

HUGELYgreatly / largely / grossly

FANCIEDcraved / longed / yearned

CAUGHT laid / seized / taken

PUT lift/have/put/hold

ENABLEDempowered / entitled / effected

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The Sailing TripEXERCISE 2

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A few days ago, I was (1) going through/settled down/checking up/passing over my new sailing gear ready for my first long trip, around the coast of Britain on the sailing ship Hirta. I watched a TV report of some fellow yachtsmen crossing the finishing (2) mark/strip/line/sign of a place called Ushant to complete a record round-the-world voyage. The sea was rough, the wind looked fierce and, although they were putting a brave (3) face/eye/appearance/view on it, the winning yachtsmen looked exhausted. What I was seeing on the television screen was not my (4) thought/idea/notion/sense of yachting. I felt smug knowing I had this marvellous opportunity to drift gently round Britain learning to sail, and that I would be steering (5) clean/straight/short/clear of the horrors of ocean sailing. Casually I looked up Ushant on the map. I went quite cold: Ushant was (6) virtually/practically/simply/barely 32 kilometres further south than the starting point for my great journey on the Hirta.

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going through / settled down /checkingup / passing over

LINE mark/ strip/ sign

FACE/eye / appearance / view

IDEA / thought / notion / sense

CLEAR /clean/ straight / short

BARELY / virtually / practically / simply

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Mrs. MurgatroydEXERCISE 3

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'And there's another thing,' said Mrs. Murgatroyd. Beside her in the taxi her husband concealed a small sigh. With Mrs. Edna Murgatroyd there was always another thing. No matter how well things were (13) doing/getting/going/being, Edna went through life to the accompaniment of a running commentary of complaints, an endless litany of dissatisfaction. In short, she (14) nagged/gossiped/uttered/voiced without cease.

In the seat beside the driver, Higgins, the young executive from head office, who had been selected for the week's vacation at the (15)liability/expense/debit/deficit of the bank on the grounds of being 'most (16) promising/emerging/favourable/auspicious newcomer' of the year, sat silent. He was in foreign exchange, an eager young man whom they had only met in London airport 12 hours earlier and whose natural enthusiasm had gradually (17) washed/ebbed/dripped/rinsed away before the onslaught of Mrs. Murgatroyd. The driver, full of smiles when they selected his taxi for the run to the hotel a few minutes earlier, had also caught the mood, and he too had (18) paused/reposed/lapsed/desisted into silence.

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KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION• Complete the sentence so that it has a similar

meaning to the 1Sst sentence, using the word given.

Don’t change the word given.

Use 3 to 8 words, including the word given.

27http://www.flo-joe.co.uk/cpe/students/tests/strtest1.htm

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EXAMPLE: Mick will give you lots of excuses for being

late but don't believe any of them. MANY

No __________ Mick gives you for being late, don't believe any of them.

Answer:

28

matter how many excuses

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1. The mistake in the accounts was not noticed until the figures were re-checked.

LIGHT

The mistake in the accounts only __________ the figures were re-checked.

29

came to light when / after / once

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2. I had no problems at all during my trip to France.

PLAN

Everything __________ during my trip to France.

30

went according to plan

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3. The heavy downpour brought their picnic to an abrupt end.

CUT

They had to ______ because of the heavy downpour.

31

cut short their picnic / cut their picnic short

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4. The reforms will not succeed unless they are carefully planned.

CRUCIAL

Careful __________ of the reforms.

32

planning is / plans are crucial to / for the success

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5. They think that Helen's brother stole the money.

SUSPECTED Helen's brother __________ the money.

33

is suspected of stealing / having stolen

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6. I feel completely exhausted when I've listened to Marion for half-an-hour.

LEAVES

Half-an-hour _______completely exhausted.

34

of listening / listening to Marion leaves me (feeling)

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7. Karen's schoolwork definitely seems to be improving this term..

SIGNS

Karen's schoolwork ____________ this term.

35

shows definite signs of improvement / improving / having

improved

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8. The old railway station is now a museum.

TURNED

The old railway station __________ a museum.

36

has (now) been turned into

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Multiple Choice

Read four extracts which are all concerned in some way with products. For questions 1-8, choose the answer which you think fits best according to the text.

37http://www.flo-joe.co.uk/cpe/students/tests/read1p2.htm

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AD FOR A VIDEOTEXT 1

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You want to improve the quality of life, without using drugs or stimulants You are ready to start the journey back to health and fitness, however

short or long it may be You would prefer to use stress to your advantage rather than be its victim You are prepared to take charge of your own destiny and benefit from

your own well-being You would like to get back the shape nature intended you to have You like to understand the principles behind concepts before taking

action You want to enhance your mental powers and your ability to focus on the

task in hand Short-term fixes, be they through patches or pills, gimmicks or gizmos,

hold no appeal you are prepared to take a step at a time, build upon your success and

take pleasure in the results you have the temperament and strength of character to endure the

journey to physical, mental and spiritual health This is the video for you!

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1 The advertised video is aimed at people whoA. are capable of perseveranceB. have been trying to change careerC. are too absorbed in their workD. would like to change their personalities

2. In the text which of the words in bold is used dismissively?A. stressB. principlesC. patchesD. journey

40

LOOK at the questions & then the text again

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You want to improve the quality of life, without using drugs or stimulants You are ready to start the journey back to health and fitness, however

short or long it may be You would prefer to use stress to your advantage rather than be its victim You are prepared to take charge of your own destiny and benefit from

your own well-being You would like to get back the shape nature intended you to have You like to understand the principles behind concepts before taking

action You want to enhance your mental powers and your ability to focus on the

task in hand Short-term fixes, be they through patches or pills, gimmicks or gizmos,

hold no appeal you are prepared to take a step at a time, build upon your success and

take pleasure in the results you have the temperament and strength of character to endure the

journey to physical, mental and spiritual health This is the video for you!

41

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1 The advertised video is aimed at people whoA. are capable of perseveranceB. have been trying to change careerC. are too absorbed in their workD. would like to change their personalities

2. In the text which of the words in bold is used dismissively?A. stressB. principlesC. patchesD. journey

42

AC

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How important is design?TEXT 2

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All toasters are not exactly the same under the skin but they are as near as makes no difference. They are boxes which neatly grill the bread, waffles or whatever between little electric fires and eject them just before they start to burn: an easy, well-proven technology whether it is purely mechanical or microchip-controlled. The last fundamental innovation in toaster design was in 1927, when the Sunbeam company of America marketed the first pop-up model. Since then, there has been little to do design-wise except to alter the styling according to the tastes of the time. Designers try to give toasters the equivalent of sunroofs and anti-lock brakes - wider slots, double slots, 'cool wall' designs and the like - but cannot get away from the fact that you need only two controls: a push-down lever and a timer. Upgrades merely dress up a timeless concept and are anyway almost all adopted immediately by other manufacturers. So what you buy is styling, which can be a dirty word among 'pure' designers, since it is really just packaging, little different from the box the toaster comes in. 'Real' design, it is said, is more fundamental. This is arguable: one of the greatest designers of the 20th Century, the French-born, America-based Raymond Loewy, was principally a stylist, and who can argue with the power of his famous creation, the Coca-Cola bottle, which is functionally far less efficient than a standard beer or wine bottle? 44

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3. What does the writer say about developments in the design of toasters?

A. They have spoilt the original design.B. They are made to fool the public.C. They are copied from other types of products.D. They have only been superficial.

4. The writer uses the Coca-Cola bottle as an example of

A. the advantages of using 'real' design.B. the fact that success may not depend on good design.C. the kind of thing that 'pure' designers approve of.D. the unpredictability of public response to style. 45

LOOK at the questions & then the text again

Page 46: Cambridge Proficiency practice

All toasters are not exactly the same under the skin but they are as near as makes no difference. They are boxes which neatly grill the bread, waffles or whatever between little electric fires and eject them just before they start to burn: an easy, well-proven technology whether it is purely mechanical or microchip-controlled. The last fundamental innovation in toaster design was in 1927, when the Sunbeam company of America marketed the first pop-up model. Since then, there has been little to do design-wise except to alter the styling according to the tastes of the time. Designers try to give toasters the equivalent of sunroofs and anti-lock brakes - wider slots, double slots, 'cool wall' designs and the like - but cannot get away from the fact that you need only two controls: a push-down lever and a timer. Upgrades merely dress up a timeless concept and are anyway almost all adopted immediately by other manufacturers. So what you buy is styling, which can be a dirty word among 'pure' designers, since it is really just packaging, little different from the box the toaster comes in. 'Real' design, it is said, is more fundamental. This is arguable: one of the greatest designers of the 20th Century, the French-born, America-based Raymond Loewy, was principally a stylist, and who can argue with the power of his famous creation, the Coca-Cola bottle, which is functionally far less efficient than a standard beer or wine bottle? 46

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3. What does the writer say about developments in the design of toasters?

A. They have spoilt the original design.B. They are made to fool the public.C. They are copied from other types of products.D. They have only been superficial.

4. The writer uses the Coca-Cola bottle as an example of

A. the advantages of using 'real' design.B. the fact that success may not depend on good design.C. the kind of thing that 'pure' designers approve of.D. the unpredictability of public response to style. 47

DB

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Dream CarsTEXT 3

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Daydreaming schoolchildren around the world love to doodle weird and wonderful cars. Most grow up to drive something much more visually mundane than those adolescent flights of fancy. But a few are actively encouraged to continue drawing extraordinary and largely unrealistic modes of transport when they are studying at college. They are the car designers of tomorrow, who will shape what we will drive in the next century. On a visit to the Art Centre in Los Angeles, which runs a course for vehicle designers, I was shown some of the work in progress by Ronald Hill, head of transportation design. Its visual excitement contrasted starkly with the dull, practical silhouettes of many modern production cars. So are such unrealistic shapes out of touch with the real world of cars, and does it really benefit students to continue their schoolday doodles, albeit in a more sophisticated manner? Hill insists that the exploratory designs are vital, and argues that more realistic considerations are, at least temporarily, irrelevant. 'This may be the only chance in the career of these students when they can take some risk, stretch their imaginations and really let fly. There's plenty of time later on for them to worry about constraints of legislation and practical issues. We call this the 'blue sky' period, when there really is no limit set on their design innovation.'

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5. The writer implies what about trainee car designers?A. They will go on to design more conservative cars.B. Their designs form the basis of those of production cars.C. They often criticise the designs of existing cars.D. The designs are restricted by what is possible.

6. What does Ronald Hill say about car design?A. There are too many regulations about it.B. Impractical designs play an important part in it.C. Cost has too much influence on design.D. Too much of it is dull and predictable.

50

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Daydreaming schoolchildren around the world love to doodle weird and wonderful cars. Most grow up to drive something much more visually mundane than those adolescent flights of fancy. But a few are actively encouraged to continue drawing extraordinary and largely unrealistic modes of transport when they are studying at college. They are the car designers of tomorrow, who will shape what we will drive in the next century. On a visit to the Art Centre in Los Angeles, which runs a course for vehicle designers, I was shown some of the work in progress by Ronald Hill, head of transportation design. Its visual excitement contrasted starkly with the dull, practical silhouettes of many modern production cars. So are such unrealistic shapes out of touch with the real world of cars, and does it really benefit students to continue their schoolday doodles, albeit in a more sophisticated manner? Hill insists that the exploratory designs are vital, and argues that more realistic considerations are, at least temporarily, irrelevant. 'This may be the only chance in the career of these students when they can take some risk, stretch their imaginations and really let fly. There's plenty of time later on for them to worry about constraints of legislation and practical issues. We call this the 'blue sky' period, when there really is no limit set on their design innovation.'

51

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5. The writer implies what about trainee car designers?A. They will go on to design more conservative cars.B. Their designs form the basis of those of production cars.C. They often criticise the designs of existing cars.D. The designs are restricted by what is possible.

6. What does Ronald Hill say about car design?A. There are too many regulations about it.B. Impractical designs play an important part in it.C. Cost has too much influence on design.D. Too much of it is dull and predictable.

52

AB

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So are such unrealistic shapes out of touch with the real world of cars, and does it really benefit students to continue their schoolday doodles, albeit in a more sophisticated manner?

7. ALBEIT means:A. furthermoreB. moreoverC. nonethelessD. although, even if

53D

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Catalogue Shopping in the USATEXT 4

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My favourite parts of the New York Times on Sunday are the peripheral bits - the parts that are so dull and obscure they exert a kind of hypnotic fascination. Above all I like the advertising supplements, like the gift catalogue from the Zwingle Company of New York offering scores of products of the things-you-never-knew-you-needed variety - an umbrella with a transistor radio in the handle. What a great country! Once in a deranged moment I bought something myself from one of those catalogues, knowing deep in my mind that it would end in heartbreak. It was a little reading light that you clipped onto your book so as not to disturb anyone sleeping in the same room. In this respect it was outstanding because it barely worked. The light it cast was absurdly feeble (in the catalogue it looked like the sort of thing you could signal ships with if you got lost at sea) and left all but the first two lines of a page in darkness. I have seen more luminous insects. After about four minutes its little beam fluttered and failed altogether, and it has never been used again. And the thing is that I knew all along that this was how it was going to end, that it would all be a bitter disappointment. On second thoughts, if I ever ran one of those companies I would just send people an empty box with a note in it saying 'We have decided not to send you the item you've ordered because, as you well know, it would never work properly and you would only be disappointed. So let this be a lesson to you for the future.'

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7. The writer says that when he bought a light from a catalogueA. he had not thought about it carefully enough.B. it taught him a lesson about misleading adverts.C. it was something he had always wanted to do.D. he was not surprised by the outcome. 8. The writer thinks that the companies who produce such gift cataloguesA. are cynical towards their customersB. should not be allowed to operateC. are unique to the United StatesD. never sell useful goods 56

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My favourite parts of the New York Times on Sunday are the peripheral bits - the parts that are so dull and obscure they exert a kind of hypnotic fascination. Above all I like the advertising supplements, like the gift catalogue from the Zwingle Company of New York offering scores of products of the things-you-never-knew-you-needed variety - an umbrella with a transistor radio in the handle. What a great country! Once in a deranged moment I bought something myself from one of those catalogues, knowing deep in my mind that it would end in heartbreak. It was a little reading light that you clipped onto your book so as not to disturb anyone sleeping in the same room. In this respect it was outstanding because it barely worked. The light it cast was absurdly feeble (in the catalogue it looked like the sort of thing you could signal ships with if you got lost at sea) and left all but the first two lines of a page in darkness. I have seen more luminous insects. After about four minutes its little beam fluttered and failed altogether, and it has never been used again. And the thing is that I knew all along that this was how it was going to end, that it would all be a bitter disappointment. On second thoughts, if I ever ran one of those companies I would just send people an empty box with a note in it saying 'We have decided not to send you the item you've ordered because, as you well know, it would never work properly and you would only be disappointed. So let this be a lesson to you for the future.'

57

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7. The writer says that when he bought a light from a catalogueA. he had not thought about it carefully enough.B. it taught him a lesson about misleading adverts.C. it was something he had always wanted to do.D. he was not surprised by the outcome. 8. The writer thinks that the companies who produce such gift cataloguesA. are cynical towards their customersB. should not be allowed to operateC. are unique to the United StatesD. never sell useful goods 58

DD

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Once in a deranged moment I bought something myself from one of those catalogues, knowing deep in my mind that it would end in heartbreak.

DERANGED means ________. The light it cast was absurdly feeble (in the catalogue it looked like the sort of thing you could signal ships with if you got lost at sea) and left all but the first two lines of a page in darkness.

FEEBLE means ____________. 59

= insane

= dim, weak, inadequate/ débil / fraco

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MULTIPLE CHOICEREAD the introduction from a book on sports.

For question 1-7, choose the answer (A, B, C, or D) which you think fits best according to the text.

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SPORTSWRITING 4 slides

Offices and bars are full of casual obscenity, but most British newspapers are ... well, not necessarily careful about language, but careful about bad words anyway. The phrase 'family newspaper' is an ineluctable part of our lives. Newspapers are not in the business of giving gratuitous offence. It is a limitation of newspaper writing, and one everybody in the business, whether writing or reading, understands and accepts. There are many other necessary limitations, and most of these concern time and space.

Newspapers have dominated sportswriting in Britain for years, and have produced their own totem figures and doyens. But ten years ago, a new player entered the game. This was the phenomenon of men's magazines; monthly magazines for men that had actual words in them - words for actually reading. GQ was the pioneer and, in my totally unbiased opinion as the long-term author of the magazine's sports column, it leads the way still, leaving the rest panting distantly in its wake.

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Sport, is of course, a blindingly obvious subject for a men's magazine - but it could not be tackled in a blindingly obvious way. Certainly, one of the first things GQ was able to offer was a new way of writing about sport, but this was not so much a cunning plan as a necessity. The magazine was doomed, as it were, to offer a whole new range of freedoms to its sportwriters. Heady and rather alarming freedoms. Freedom of vocabulary was simply the most obvious one and, inevitably, it appealed to the schoolboy within us. But space and time were the others, and these possibilities meant that the craft of sportswriting had to be reinvented.

Unlike newspapers, a magazine can offer a decent length of time to research and to write. These are, you would think, luxuries - especially to those of us who are often required to read an 800-word match report over the telephone the instant the final whistle has gone. Such a discipline is nerve-racking, but as long as you can get it done at all, you have done a good job. No one expects a masterpiece under such circumstances. In some ways the ferocious restrictions make the job easier. But a long magazine deadline gives you the disconcerting and agoraphobic freedom to research, to write, to think. 62

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To write a piece for a newspaper, at about a quarter of the massive GQ length, you require a single thought. The best method is to find a really good idea, and then to pursue it remorselessly to the end, where ideally you make a nice joke and bale out stylishly. If it is an interview piece, you look for a few good quotes, and if you get them, that's your piece written for you. For a longer piece, you must seek the non-obvious. This is a good quality in the best of newspaper writing, but an absolute essential for any writer who hopes to complete the terrifying amount of words that GQ requires. If you write for GQ you are condemned to try and join the best. There is no other way.GQ is not restricted by the same conventions of reader expectation as a newspaper. You need not worry about offending people or alienating them; the whole ethos of the magazine is that readers are there to be challenged. There will be readers who would find some of its pieces offensive or even impossible in a newspaper, or even in a different magazine. But the same readers will read the piece in GQ and find it enthralling.

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That is because the magazine is always slightly uncomfortable to be with. It is not like a cosy member of the family, nor even like a friend. It is the strong, self-opinionated person that you can never quite make up your mind whether you like or not. You admire him, but you are slightly uneasy with him. The people around him might not altogether approve of everything he says; some might not care for him at all. But they feel compelled to listen. The self-confidence is too compelling. And just when you think he is beginning to become rather a bore, he surprises you with his genuine intelligence. He makes a broad joke, and then suddenly he is demanding you follow him in the turning of an intellectual somersault.

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READING COMPREHENSIONQUESTIONS

65

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Offices and bars are full of casual obscenity, but most British newspapers are ... well, not necessarily careful about language, but careful about bad words anyway. The phrase 'family newspaper' is an ineluctable part of our lives. Newspapers are not in the business of giving gratuitous offence. It is a limitation of newspaper writing, and one everybody in the business, whether writing or reading, understands and accepts. There are many other necessary limitations, and most of these concern time and space.1. What does the writer say about newspapers in the 1st paragraph?

A. They tend not to include articles readers will find very challenging.B. Articles in them do not reflect the way people really speak.C. They are more concerned with profit than with quality of writing.D. They fail to realise what kind of writing would appeal to readers.

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B

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Newspapers have dominated sportswriting in Britain for years, and have produced their own totem figures and doyens. But ten years ago, a new player entered the game. This was the phenomenon of men's magazines; monthly magazines for men that had actual words in them - words for actually reading. GQ was the pioneer and, in my totally unbiased opinion as the long-term author of the magazine's sports column, it leads the way still, leaving the rest panting distantly in its wake.2. What does the writer imply in the second paragraph? A. GQ magazine contains articles that are well worth reading.B. Some of the more recent men's magazines are unlikely to survive.C. The standard of sportswriting in newspapers has improved in recent times.D. He is in a position to give an objective view of sportswriting in magazines. 67

A

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3. Why were sportswriters for GQ given new freedoms?A. The restrictions of newspaper writing do not apply to writing for GQ.B. The magazine's initial plans for its sports articles proved unrealistic.C. Notions about what made good sports journalism were changing.D. The writers that it wanted to employ demanded greater freedom.

4. What does the writer say about the amount of time allowed for producing articles?A. The best articles are often produced under great pressure of time.B. Having a long time to produce an article encourages laziness.C. Writers are seldom satisfied by articles produced in a hurry.D. Having very little time to produce an article can be an advantage.

68

A

D

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5. Why can't writers for GQ use the same methods as writers for newspapers?A. Articles in GQ are not allowed to consist mainly of interviews.B. They want to be considered better than writers for newspapers.C. Writers for newspapers do not have so much space to fill.D. They've been told to avoid the conventions of newspaper writing. 6. What does the writer say in the penultimate paragraph about certain pieces in GQ?A. They will create enormous controversy.B. They unintentionally upset some readers.C. They are a response to demand from readers.D. They match readers' expectations. 7. The writer likens GQ magazine to a person whoA. says things you wish you had said yourself.B. frequently changes his point of view.C. forces you to pay attention to him.D. Wants to be considered entertaining.

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C

DC

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COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS& SUMMARY WRITING

70

• Read 2 texts for questions 1-5. • For questions 1-4 answer with a word or short

phrase. Complete sentences are unnecessary. • Write a summary according to the instructions in

question 5.

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TEXT 1SPEAKING in PUBLIC

711 SLIDE

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Does the thought of making a presentation to a group of peers bring you out in a cold sweat? If so, you're not alone. The mere idea of having to 'stand and deliver' in front of others is enough to strike dread into the heart of the most experienced business person, let alone students. Yet effective spoken communication is an essential skill for career success in today's business and academic environments.So what can people do to add sparkle to their speaking skills and overcome this understandable but unfounded fear of speaking in public? The bad news is that presentation nerves are quite normal and you will probably always suffer from them. The good news is that interesting speakers are made and not born. You can learn the techniques that will turn you into a calm and convincing speaker.The first step is to persuade yourself you can do it. Just like an actor waiting in the wings, or an athlete warming up for the big race, you need to get yourself on a confidence high. Try focusing your thoughts on moments of particular success during your life to date. Remember that the physical symptoms of nerves are most obvious to you. The audience won't see your knees knocking or your hands trembling, so don't worry about it. Some of the worst presentations are those where the speaker clearly hasn't devoted enough time to it beforehand. Let's face it; a presentation that's slung together half an hour before it's going to be delivered isn't going to impress anyone. 72

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READING COMPREHENSIONQUESTIONS

73

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Does the thought of making a presentation toa group of peers bring you out in a cold sweat? If so, you're not alone. The mere ideaof having to 'stand and deliver' in front of others is enough to strike dread into the heart of the most experienced business person, letalone students. Yet effective spoken communication is an essential skill for careersuccess in today's business and academic environments.

1. In the first paragraph, what image of public speaking does the writer create?

Some of the worst presentations are those where the speaker clearly hasn't devoted enough time to it beforehand. Let's face it; a presentation that's slung together half an hour before it's going to be delivered isn't going to impress anyone.

2. Explain in your own words why the writer has chosen to use the expression 'slung together' in line 17. 74

Image of fear /daunting /frightening /terrifying

To give an idea of insufficient & last minute preparation

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TEXT 2SPEAKING in PUBLIC

753 SLIDES

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Inexperienced public speakers generally rely too heavily on words, so that they overlook other features which give a successful speaker impact. Research has indicated that words account for only 7% of the speaker's impact on the audience. A massive 55% of the speaker's impact is visual, i.e. how he or she looks, facial expression, gestures, body language, posture etc., while 38% of impact comes from the voice; does the person sound trustworthy, is the voice varied and interesting to listen to? This breakdown of the impact a speaker has may sound unlikely, but imagine a situation: you have returned a faulty item to a shop, and the shop assistant says, 'I'm sorry, I'll see what I can do.' If this is said in an uninteresting voice as the assistant leans on the counter about to resume a conversation with a colleague, you won't feel confident that very much will happen. But an assistant who is standing up straight and looking directly at you will create an entirely different impression with the same words. Think of your favourite teacher from school. The person who comes to mind is probably someone who was enthusiastic and animated, someone with both vocal and visual impact. Try recalling phone calls with people you've never met. Invariably, we make judgements about people based on their voices and how they sound. They might say, 'he seemed ill at ease' or 'she looked very confident' and often these opinions are formed before the speaker has said one word.

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READING COMPREHENSIONQUESTIONS

77

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Research has indicated that words account for only 7% of the speaker's impact on the audience. A massive 55% of the speaker's impact is visual, i.e. how he or she looks, facial expression, gestures, body language, posture etc., while 38% of impact comes from the voice; does the person sound trustworthy, is the voice varied and interesting to listen to? This breakdown of the impact a speaker has may sound unlikely, but imagine a situation: you have returned a faulty item to a shop, and the shop assistant says, 'I'm sorry, I'll see what I can do.' If this is said in an uninteresting voice as the assistant leans on the counter about to resume a conversation with a colleague, you won't feel confident that very much will happen.

3. What exactly does the phrase 'this breakdown' describe?

78

How research was split into categories

The analysis of the research

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Think of your favourite teacher from school. The person who comes to mind is probably someone who was enthusiastic and animated, someone with both vocal and visual impact. Try recalling phone calls with people you've never met. Invariably, we make judgements about people based on their voices and how they sound. They might say, 'he seemed ill at ease' or 'she looked very confident' and often these opinions are formed before the speaker has said one word.

4. Which 2 words in paragraph 4 echo the need for 'liveliness' mentioned in the first text? 79

enthusiasticanimated

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5. In a paragraph of 50-70 words summarise in your own words as far as possible the reasons given in both texts for why people perform badly when speaking in public.

80

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ARTICLES & DETERMINERSQUANTIFIER ARTICLES

‘A', ’THE’, ’MUCH', ’MANY', ’FEWER', ’ALL', ’ENOUGH', ’EITHER’, EITHER WAY etc..

81http://www.flo-joe.co.uk/cpe/students/strategy/openclze/prons.htm

Language exams have done MUCH to shape teaching methodology.

No FEWER than 10 people were hurt in the crash.

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Complete each of the following sentences with the correct article or determiner.1. After borrowing two thousand pounds from you, the very ___________she could do is offer to pay back a little each month.2. ___________as I hate to do this, we’ll have to cancel the party if more people don’t respond.3. She wants to travel the world eventually but above ___________her priority is to finish her degree course.4. John doesn’t have many friends, just a select ___________who tend to go along with everything he says. 82

LEAST

MUCH

ALL

FEW

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Complete each of the following sentences with the correct article or determiner.5. Valerie and Simon can’t decide whether to make their home in France or Australia. ___________way it will mean sacrifices for one of them.6. In England, polo is a sport that is associated with ___________rich and powerful.7. As a junior doctor there was ___________a time when I had to seek a second opinion from my superiors before I made a diagnosis.8. The company has had ______________________of its employees taking sick leave and it has decided to crack down on absenteeism. 83

EITHER

THEMANY

enough, many, all, several

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CONJUNCTIONS & LINKING WORDS or PHRASES

Complete the sentences with the correct conjunction /linking word.

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1. The reviews of the play were glowing but as a ___________of fact I thought it was terrible!2. Most people are car lovers. Even ____ cars cause enormous damage to the environment.3. _____________________________most people pass their Proficiency exam first time round a number of candidates will, sadly, fail.4. The hotel was poor, the food terrible, and we had torrential rain for the whole week. ______short, the holiday was a disaster.5. As far as the police were _______________they decided not to press charges against the thief this time round.6. ___________the bank was shut all weekend they weren’t able to withdraw any cash.7. I wouldn’t apply for that job if I were you. In _____ case the advert says you have to have a clean driving license and you haven’t even passed your test yet.8 Broadly ____________young people are concerned with finding a good career once they have graduated from university. 85

MATTER

SO

While, whereas, although

INCONCERNED

As, since

any

SPEAKING

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PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES & PHRASAL VERBS

A preposition may be the missing word, particularly from a common phrase, such as 'come AS no surprise'. In a phrasal verb you will find that either the verb or the preposition is

gapped.

86http://www.flo-joe.co.uk/cpe/students/strategy/openclze/preps.htm

Fill in the gaps in each sentence with a suitable particle or preposition.

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1. My boss is biased ___________me, which explains why I’ll never get promoted if I stay with this company.2. Marco had severe misgivings ___________taking the June exam as he felt he just wasn’t ready.3. People who eat an unhealthy diet are susceptible ___________all kinds of illnesses and diseases.4. My cousin talked ________length about his recent holiday and bored everyone to death!5. When Rose was unfaithful to Joshua she threw herself ___________his mercy and asked him to forgive her.6. When I was younger I wanted to be an air pilot but I soon went _______the idea when I realised I hated flying.7. The government’s plans to reduce crime came _____for a lot of criticism from freedom groups.8. Anna: This problem’s driving me crazy!Joe: Well, have you tried standing ______from the situation and evaluating it objectively?

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AGAINST

ABOUT

TOAT

UPON

OFF

IN

BACK

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COLLOCATIONS • This category includes verb/noun collocations, such as

’SHED LIGHT ON (a subject)' or ’COME INTO CLOSE CONTACT (with someone)'.

88

Complete each of the following sentences with the word that collocates with the words in bold.

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1. Victoria has a working _____________ of Chinese, which she needs for her job as an international corporate lawyer.2. The defendant told the judge that she accepted full ______________ for her actions and that she would plead guilty.3. After William realised his mistake he was forced to ___________ his pride and apologise.4. I thought I _______ my position absolutely clear. Either he goes or I do!5. Tanya came away from the interview with the overriding ___________________ that she wouldn’t get the job.6. Although my mother’s in her seventies she is still very young at ___________ .7. When the shop assistant refused the customer a refund, he was met with a torrent of ___________8. The drowning boy was pulled out of the river and ___________ the kiss of life by a medic. 89

KNOWLEDGE

RESPONSIBILITY

SWALLOWMADE

impression, feeling

HEART

ABUSE

GIVEN

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FORMING VERBS & NOUNS

• Complete each of the following sentences with the correct form of the word in CAPITALS using hyphens where necessary.

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1. The man sat in the doctor’s waiting room, nervously (MOIST)___________ his lips every so often, whilst he waited to be called.2. The company installed a water cooler in the main office, which would (PURE)____________the drinking water.3. A number of directives have been passed recently with the aim of (HARMONY) ____________work practices across different countries.4. The girl’s parents suspected she was taking drugs because her eye pupils were so (LARGE) ____________.5. A number of world-renowned (HISTORY) ____________addressed the conference.6. The results of the medical tests showed that the patient had several (NORMAL)____________of the brain that required urgent treatment.7. I was so embarrassed when I dropped the (ARM)____________of boxes I’d been carrying right in the middle of the road.8. The computer system requires several (MAINTAIN)____________checks a month.

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FORMING ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS

These exercises look at adjectives and adverbs with a negative /opposite meaning:

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the word in

CAPITALS using hyphens where necessary.

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1. The old man felt (BITTER)______________by the dreadful living conditions he had experienced when he was growing up.2. Many young people train in gyms in order to achieve a toned (MUSCLE) ____________physique.3. Jackie’s daughter is a rather (TROUBLE) _______________child - she’s full of mischief and badly-behaved.4. The living room looked cold and (INVITE)______________when the fire wasn’t lit.

93

EMBITTERED

MUSCULAR

TROUBLESOME

UNINVITING

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5. The romantic novel started with a young woman staring (DREAM)__________ into the fire. What a cliché!6. John muttered (CONTENT) ________________ under his breath about the volume of work he’d been given but he didn’t dare complain to the boss.7. As I climbed aboard the plane I was (COMFORT) ________________ reminded of the previous time when my plane almost crashed.8. The newspaper reported that an old woman had been (SHAME)____________ treated while she was in hospital.

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DREAMILY

DISCONTENTEDLY

UNCOMFORTABLY

SHAMEFULLY

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Less Common Prefixes

Exercises with rarer prefixes such as 'extra-', 'co-' and 'ill-'

Complete each of the sentences with the correct form of the word in CAPITALS using hyphens where necessary.

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1. After many years as a solo researcher, Marion decided to (author)_________ her next article with a colleague in the same field.2. The school that Peter goes to has a number of (curriculum)_____________ activities that take place at the end of the school day.3. Unless you do a lot of revision before your exams you’re bound to feel (prepare)______________ 4. Many children’s tales rely on a dominant character being (WIT)_________ by an apparently weaker one.

96

co-author

extra-curricular

underprepared, unprepared, ill-prepared

outwitted

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5. The service in the restaurant was so (standard)__________that I refused to pay for my meal.6. Many charities are working to support the needs of (privilege)____________ children in poorer countries.7. Our marketing strategy seems to be failing - this demands a (think)______at our next board meeting.8. The security checks at the airport were so stringent that staff were accused of (kill) _______ .

97

substandard

underprivileged

overkill

rethink

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Forming Compound Words

These exercises test compound nouns & adjectives, some of which may be hyphenated. Some compound words are formed from verbs via phrasal verbs. E.g. bring/bring up/upbringing: Complete each of the following sentences with the correct form of the word in CAPITALS using hyphens where necessary.

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1. The changes to the government will have (RANGE) ___________ implications for ordinary people.

2. My friend has a job in the city selling stocks and shares but I don’t envy his fast car or his (POWER)____________ lifestyle.

3. I’m sorry to have to tell you this but your blouse is completely (SEE)___________when you stand next to the window!

4. When I was a student I didn’t have much money to spend on clothes but I didn’t mind wearing other people’s (CAST)________.

99

wide-ranging

high-powered

see-through

castoffs

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5. My friends are organising a (get) ____________ next week to celebrate my birthday so I hope you’ll be able to come to it.

6. The soldiers still suffered from a number of traumatic (flash)_________ even though the war had ended many years ago.

7. Some of the party members left to form a (break)__________ political group with their own policies and leader.

8. The cricket match was a complete (wash)_________ because of the unexpected rain and it has now been postponed until another day.

100

get-together

flashbacks

breakaway

washout

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NOUNSThese exercises test your knowledge of collocations where the missing word is a noun: • Think of 1 word which can be used appropriately

in both sentences.

101

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1. The doctor prescribed me some antibiotics for my chest infection and told me to complete the ________if I wanted to get better.

Tina has just enrolled on a 10-week ________ to learn more about computing.

2. After their divorce the couple had to come to a/an ____________about the custody of their children. The house can be viewed only by prior ____________.3. Most arguments between parents and children are seen as evidence of the generation _____

The CAE exam was designed to bridge the _____ between FCE and CPE.

4. The man on trial in court was cross-examined by the _________ lawyer.

In the seminar everyone criticised my point of view until the tutor came to my ________ and said she thought I had a valid point.

102

COURSE

COURSE

arrangementarrangement

GAPGAP

DEFENCE

DEFENCE

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5. In the last few years I’ve developed a/an _______for Australian wines.

If you have a cold you sometimes lose your sense of _______ as well and eating meals becomes very dreary.

6. I know you’ve studied hard so far, but don’t get lulled into a false sense of ___________ just before your exam.

Job __________ is more important to Phil than earning a high salary. He dreads being made redundant.

7. The _________ line is that if you don’t study every week you won’t pass your exam.

I searched the house from top to _________but still couldn’t find my engagement ring.

8. Ugh! I’m not drinking from that cup - it’s got a _______ near the rim.

Mary needs to get up at the ______of dawn every morning. 103

TASTE

TASTE

SECURITYSECURITY

BOTTOM

BOTTOM

CRACKCRACK

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VERBS & PHRASAL VERBSThink of word to use appropriately in both sentences.

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1. When we arrived on our holiday the mountains were ________with snow and they looked beautiful.

The party on the last evening ________ a marvellous week.2. Marta always makes the effort to __________ each day in order to stay fit and healthy.

The young people were encouraged to _________their vote during the general election.

3. I should have gone to bed early last night. During this morning’s test paper I wasn’t able to ________my thoughts together at all.

The market researcher’s job was to _________data on the buying habits of 18-25 year olds.

4. The police have __________down on teenagers wandering the streets at night.

The intruder __________his hand over the woman’s mouth to prevent her from screaming. 105

CAPPEDCAPPED

EXERCISE

EXERCISE

GATHER

GATHER

CLAMPED

CLAMPED

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5. Her baby was 15 days overdue so the doctors decided to give her drugs to _________the birth.

My uncle has bad breath and awful teeth. Nothing will ________me to kiss him!

6. John is hoping that his friend will ________him to be the best man at his wedding.

May I _______our next speaker to take the floor in this debate.7. I was going to tell him that I loved him but I was so nervous it_______out all wrong!

When the exam results ______out I was so relieved to have passed.

8. Whenever the friends meet up they always ___________and kiss each other in a really affectionate way.

The government wants all teachers to __________new technology, and incorporate email and the internet into their classes.

106

INDUCE

INDUCEINVITE

INVITE

CAMECAME

EMBRACE

EMBRACE

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ADJECTIVESThink of a word to use appropriately in both sentences.

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1. Both teams have an excellent reputation so their chances of winning the football tournament are fairly ________.

The mouse on your computer won’t function properly unless you operate it on a/an _______ surface.

2. Although it happened a year ago, the car accident is still very _______in the driver’s mind and he keeps having nightmares about it.

Doctors say we should eat more ______ fruit and vegetables instead of frozen or tinned ones.

3. When we arrived at the concert the auditorium was already _____and we couldn’t get a seat.

No, please don’t give me a second helping. I’m really ______.4. The smoke alarm is so sensitive that it will detect even the ___________________amount of smoke.

I haven’t got the ___________________ idea what you’re going on about!

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even

even

freshfresh

full

full

faintest/slightestfaintest/slightest

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5. The area through the trees next to the stream is a real __________ spot which attracts lots of tourists.

The __________of the plan is that we will get rich without investing!6. She’s never been very interested in __________ possessions - she’s always been content with whatever she had.

Madonna had a hit record early on in her career, in which she sang about the joys of living in a ____________world.

7. David’s been unemployed for months now but he seems to be making only a/an _________effort to look for work.

The organisation had a very poor record on equal opportunities. It had one _________Afro-American employee.

8. People keep asking Danielle when she’s going to have a baby but she just hasn’t got a ____________instinct.

My father’s mother died a long time ago but my ____________ grandmother is still very much alive.

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BEAUTY

BEAUTYmaterial

material

TOKEN

TOKEN

maternalmaternal

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COMPARATIVESPRACTICE structures like 'as........as', 'the ........ the’

Complete the 2nd sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the 1st sentence, using the word given. Don’t change the word given. You must use between 3 & 8 words, including the word given.

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1. Until she passes her medical exams, she is as qualified to be a doctor as I am.

Until she passes her medical exams, she (more)____________qualified to be a doctor than I am.

2. It has warmed up considerably compared to yesterday.

It is (nearly) _______________________________ ______________yesterday.

3. Mandy and her mother are as beautiful as each other.

Mandy is (bit) _______________________her mother. 111

NO MORE

not nearly as cold as, not nearly as cold as it was

every bit as beautiful as

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4. I don’t like either candidate but Michael Jones is not quite as bad.I don’t like either candidate but Michael Jones is the (lesser)________________.

5. Not as many people attend the gym now as when it first opened.There are a (lot)_______________________the gym now as when it first opened.

6. Her son thinks he’s really clever but he isn’t.Her son isn’t (half) _________________he thinks he is.

112

LESSER OF 2 EVILS

lot fewer people attending

HALF AS CLEVER AS

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PHRASAL VERBSPRACTICE structures like 'as........as', 'the ........ the’ in this exercise: Complete the 2nd sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the 1st sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between 3 and 8 words, including the word given.

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1. Diseases such as smallpox have still to be eradicated.Diseases such as smallpox (stamped)_______________________yet.

2. John was nominated for the post of treasurer by two committee members.

John has (forward)__________________ the post of treasurer by two committee members.

3. If you receive any mail for me after I’ve gone would you be kind enough to forward it to me

Please could you (send)_______________ that arrives for me after I’ve gone.

4. The colour of that dress showed off her complexion.Her complexion (enhance)________________ the colour of that dress.

114

haven’t been stamped out

been put forward for

send on any mail

was enhanced by

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5. As part of his new year’s resolution he has renounced cigarettes and bad food.

He decided (up)________ cigarettes and bad food in the new year.

6. They are building a new car park next to the shopping centre.

A new car park (put)____________ next to the shopping centre.

7. You should erase any mistakes on the exam script. Any mistakes on the exam script may (out) ____________with a soft rubber.

8. The government suppressed all the details of the financial scandal.

Details of the financial scandal (up) _______________the government. 115

to give up

is being put up

be rubbed out

were covered up by

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EXPRESSIONS/COMMON LEXICAL PATTERNS • This exercise highlights common patterns such as 'go

according to plan' or 'show signs of improvement'.

• Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the word given.

116www.flo-joe.co.uk/cpe/students/strategy/trans/colloc.htm

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1 “Why don’t you listen when I talk to you?” said my wife.My wife accused me of (paying)____________ when she was talking.

2. Seeing as you broke the window you shouldn’t have said someone else was responsible. It was wrong of you to (blame)____________someone else after you broke the window.

117

not paying attention (to her)

put the blame on

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3. I used to try winning arguments against Jonathan but I eventually decided there was no point.I have (conclusion)____________that it is pointless trying to win an argument against Jonathan.

4. Doctors believe that people who smoke regularly are more likely to die prematurely.Doctors believe that a strong (link)____________smoking and premature death.

118

came to / reached the conclusion

link has been established / made between

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5. When I forgot to do the washing up my mother became really angry with me.My mother (lost)____________me because I forgot to do the washing up.

6. The conflict between the two political parties will carry on for a long time. The conflict between the two political parties is (means)____________over.

119

lost her temper with

by no means

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7. I didn’t expect to enjoy the concert performance as much as I did. The concert performance (surpassed)____________

8. That the company is losing money is something that must be accepted.The company must (face)____________it is losing money.

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surpassed (my / all my) expectations

face (up to) the fact that

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RELATIVE PRONOUNS & REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

• FILL in the BLANKS with a PRONOUN(Who, which, myself, whatever, whenever, such,

others, etc.)

121

http://www.flo-joe.co.uk/cpe/students/strategy/openclze/prons.htm

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1. There were many participants at the dinner, several of _____ were speakers.

2. The old house, _____ its condition, is likely to sell quickly given the housing market.

3. The diner complained so vociferously that the manageress _____ came out of the office to see what the problem was.

122

WHO

WHATEVER

HERSELF

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4. The party atmosphere suddenly dissipated, at _____ point I made up my mind to leave.

5. The chairman outlined his vision for the future but the chief executive argued that _____ a strategy could be detrimental to the company’s future.

6. More and more people are turning to vegetarianism which _____ say is much better for your health.

123

WHICH

SUCH

THEY

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7. My therapist said I could drop in _____ I wanted to, regardless of whether I’d made an appointment or not.

8. The main reasons for quitting my job were overwork and a meagre salary. There are _____ I could mention but they were the primary factors.

124

WHENEVER

OTHERS

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THE END