Chapter - 2

(Land, Soil and Water Resources)

Q.1- What forms the outer layer of the Earth?

Ans.- Rock forms the outer layer of the Earth.

Q.2- Which land form is also known as table land?

Ans.- Plateaus are also known as table land.

Q.3- Which land forms are ecologically sensitive area.

Ans.- Mountainous are ecologically sensitive area.

Q.4- Name the three basic components of soil?

Ans.- 1. Organic and inorganic materials

2. water

3. Air

Q.5- Which rivers originate from the Himalayan glaciers and have

a continuous flow of water?

Ans.- Indus, satluj, Ganga, Brahamaputra

Q.6- Name all the land forms discussed in the chapter.

Ans.- The name of land forms are –

1. Mountains: - Mountains are highest and larger

landforms of the Earth. for instance Himalaya.

2. Plateaus: - Plateaus are known as table land and it is slope

land and surrounded by lowland. for instance malwa

plateau.

3. Plains: - Plains are flat and low land. It is made by

deposition of silt. for instance northern plains.

Q.7- State two characteristic features of plateaus.

Ans.- (1) It is useful for grazing grounds for animal and also useful

for farming.

(2) It is most of the important place for their mineral wealth.

Q.8- What is the importance of parent rocks?

Ans.- Parent rock give the soil its physical and chemical properties.

Q.9- In which part of India is Black soil found.

Ans.- Black soil found in north western part of Deccan, Malwa

region.

Q.10- Give three methods of water conservation.

Ans.- The three methods of water conservation are –

(1) Encourage the rain water harvesting

(2) prevent the wastage of water

(3) control the water pollution

Q.11- Discuss how different land types are utilized by humans.

Ans.- Each and every landforms are very useful for humans.

mountains ans hilly area used for terrace farming and provide

a beautiful landscape. highland are useful for cattle grazing

and the forest provides various useful products.

Most useful part of land is plains are provide a space for

shelter and people irrigate the plains for producing agriculture

crops.

Q.12- Give an account of all the different soil types found in India.

Ans.- Types of Soil in India are –

1. Alluvial Soil :- This is made up of fine silt and is very

fertile for crop.

2. Black Soil :- This is made up of Igneous rocks and is very

rich in mineral content. It is very fertile for cotton crops.

Black soil mostly found in Malwa plateau

3. Red Soil :- It is made up of crystalline Igneous rocks and

contains oxides of iron that give it a red colour.

4. laterite Soil :- It is formed in area having high rainfall

washes away the upper layer of soil.

5. Desert Soil :- Desert Soil made up by wind in drought area

like rajasthan.

Q.13- Discuss various methods of soil conservation.

Ans.- Methods of soil conservation –

(1) Plantation :- planting trees and plant reduce the

possibility of land to divert as desert.

(2) Terrace farming :- Terraces farming prevent the soil

erosion in hilly area.

(3) Contour Ploughing :- Contour farming method helps to

stop flow of water.

(4) Build Dams :- Dams are controlled floods and check

soil erosion.

(5) Crop Rotation :- Crop rotation improves the land

fertility.

Chapter - 3

(Natural Vegetation and Wildlife)

Ans.1- corrects the following sentences.

1- Natural vegetation in Tundra region is composed of shrubs,

sedges, grasses, mosses and lichens.

2- Coniferous trees from the dominant species in the tropical

boreal forest.

3- Thorn forests are located in the Desert regions.

4- Jim Corbett National park is famous for its Tigers.

5- The dancing deer is found in Manipur.

Ans.2- Choose the correct option.

1- Snow leopard

2- Manas

3- Kaziranga

4- Assam

5- Tropical rain forest

Q.1- Name the two natural cycles regulated by plants?

Ans.- 1. Nitrogen cycle 2. Carbon cycle

Q.2- Name two tiger reserves in India?

Ans.- 1. Jim Corbett National park

2. Kanha Tiger reserve

3. Sundarban National park

Q.3- In which heat zone is the tundra vegetation found?

Ans.- Frigid zone

Q.4- Where is the world’s largest mangrove forest located?

Ans.- Sundarban Delta in West Bengal

Q.5- What does Tundra vegetation comprise?

Ans.- Mainly mosses, sedges, cotton grass and lichen comprise in

Tundra vegetation.

Q.6- What are the tropical forests?

Ans.- Tropical forests are mainly located in hot region between

tropic of Cancer and tropic of Capricorn. Such as Tropical

Deciduous, Tropical evergreen and monsoon forest.

Q.7- What do you know about mountain vegetation.

Ans.- Mountains are the highest region and the vegetation are

change with height. In this region temperature falls with

height. Deciduous trees such as Sal are found till the height of

1,800 meter. It is followed by mixed forest of cedar and

deodar. Coniferous forest such as pine and birch grow at

4,500 meter in this area.

Chapter - 4

(Minerals and power)

Ans.1- Fill in the blank.

1. Bauxite

2. Tin

3. Africa

4. Salt

5. Biogas

6. Uranium

Ans.2- Correct the following sentences.

1. Metallic minerals are found in igneous and metamorphic

rocks.

2. Petroleum is found between layers of sedimentary rocks

3. Mineral are non-renewable source of energy

4. USA has the world’s largest number of geothermal power

plants.

5. Zinc is used as an ingredient to make brass and is also

used to galvanize iron implements.

Q.1- Give two broad classifications of minerals.

Ans.- Metallic and Non-Metallic minerals

Q.2- Name three different processes by which mineral can be

obtained from the Earth’s crust.

Ans.- Mining, drilling and quarrying

Q.3- How can be mineral identified?

Ans.- Minerals can be identified by their physical and chemical

properties.

Q.4- How is firewood useful to rural people.

Ans.- Firewood is useful to rural people as fuel.

Q.6- Name the four countries that lead the world in petroleum

production?

Ans.- Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia and Qatar

Q.7- Which regions are most suitable for wind farms?

Ans.- Coastal and mountain region

Q.8- What are the mineral?

Ans.- Which is naturally occur in rock and soil layer and useful

thing for human is called minerals.

Q.9- How are minerals extracted?

Ans.- Methods of minerals extracted :

1. Mining :- In this process made the tunnel and find out the

minerals.

2. Drilling :- Deep wells are bored to obtain minerals like

petroleum.

3. Quarrying :- The surface is simply dug out to obtain

the mineral.

Q.10- Discuss about the solar energy?

Ans.- Solar energy is a freely available non-renewable source of

energy. The sunlight received from the sun can be trapped in

solar cells to produce electricity. Many of this cells are

connected with solar panels to generate power for heating and

lighting purpose.

Sun

Solar panel

Solar Energy

Chapter - 5

(Agriculture: Types of farming)

Ans.1- Fill in the blank.

1. Agriculture

2. Methane

3. Black

4. Primitive

5. Subsistence

6. Plantation

7. Mixed farming

Ans.2- Choose the correct option.

1. Jute

2. Tea

3. Citrus fruit

4. Grapes

5. The Netherlands

Q.3- Differentiate between the following.

1. Intensive agriculture and extensive agriculture.

Ans.- Intensive agriculture :-

1. Practiced in densely populated area where cultivatable

land is scarce.

2. Farms are small and intensively cultivated.

3. Traditional farming methods are applied, such as use of

farm manure.

Extensive Agriculture :-

1. Practiced single crop over a large area which covers

thousands of acres.

2. Farms are biggest and extensively cultivated.

3. Modern farming methods are applied, such as use of

machines.

Q.4- From where do we get the earliest evidence of crop

cultivation?

Ans.- In the middle East around 8000 years ago wheat and barley

were first grown in fields.

Q.5- Name the factors that influence the type of agriculture

practiced in a place?

Ans.-

1. Climate

2. Relief

3. Soil

4. Human made factors

Q.6- What is shifting (Slash/Burn) agriculture ?

Ans.- It is a primitive form of agriculture which involves clearing a

patch of forest land by burning or cutting the trees.

Q.7- Give two important features of mixed farming?

Ans.- 1. Mixed farming is practiced in highly developed countries.

2. It requires large capital investments for machinery,

building and infrastructure.

Q.8- Give the classification of Agriculture products which are

useful for human being

Ans.- A Broad classification of major agricultural products are as

follows :

1. Food :- Cereals, vegetables, fruits and meat

2. Fibres :- cotton, wool, silk, hemp, flax and jute

3. Raw materials :- wood and bamboo

4. Biofuels :- methane, biomass, ethanol and biodiesel

Chapter - 6

(Major Crops)

Ans.1- Fill in the blank.

1. Wheat

2. Millets

3. Jute

4. Brazil

5. Latex

Ans.2- Correct the following sentences.

1. In developed countries growing of wheat is completely

mechanized.

2. Rice is the staple cereal crop of tropical asia.

3. The native place of maize is South America.

4. Millets grow in infertile soil.

Q.3 Choose the correct option.

1. Rubber

2. Jute

3. Rice

4. Maize

Q.4- Differentiate between the following.

1. Food crops and cash crops

Ans.-

Food crops Cash crops

1 Plant grow for human consumption as food

1 Plant grow for commercial purpose

2 This crops plant in small scale

2 This crops plants in large scale

3 Wheat, Rice, maize, millets and pulses are

example of food crops

3 Cotton, jute, tea, coffee and sugarcane are

example of cash crops

Q.5- Name the major wheat exporting countries?

Ans.- USA, Canada, Argentina and Australia

Q.6- Why is rice a labour intensive crop?

Ans.- Labour of rice are intensive because All kind of work done by

labour like ploughing, planting, weeding and harvesting etc.

Q.7- Name some important millets grown in India.

Ans.- Jowar, Bajra and Ragi

Q.8- Why is Gujarat suitable for cotton cultivation?

Ans.- Because Climatic conditions are suitable in gujrat.

Q.9- What are the advantages of jute fibre?

Ans.- Jute fibre is strong thread for making ropes.

Q.10- What are the condition required for the growth of rice and

cotton?

Ans.- Conditions required for Wheat :-

1. Climate :- winter season and shining weather and 250 C

temperature are required for wheat cultivation.

2. Soil :- fertile soil like Alluvial soil and black soil are

required for wheat cultivation.

3. Water :- 50 to 70 cm rainfall is required for wheat

cultivation.

4. Labour :- Skilled and hardworking labours are required for

wheat cultivation.

5. Land :- Land should be leveled or plain.

Chapter - 7

(Industries)

Ans.1- Fill in the blank.

1. Engineering

2. Furniture

3. Machinery

4. Cement Industry

5. Cooperative sector

Ans.2- 1. Banking is a tertiary human activity.

2. Textile industry is agro-based industry.

3. Cement industry is a large scale industry.

4. Cottage industries deal in pottery, handicrafts and

handloom.

Ans.3- 1. Silk textile

2. private sector

3. Cooperative sector

4. Biotic

5. Maruti udyog limited

Q.1- Differentiate between the following?

1. Large scale industries and small scale industries.

Ans,- Large Scale industries

1. Use large scale investments

2. Large number of people work there

3. Large scale production

4. Quantities of raw materials are large

5. Large machinery and equipment are used

6. For Example ; Cement industry, iron and steel industry,

textile industry.

Small scale Industries

1. Use capital investments of less than 5 crors

2. Small number of people work there

3. Small scale production

4. Quantities of raw materials are minimum

5. Machineries used when required

6. For example; furniture, cycle, toy, electronic goods etc.

Q.2- Name the four major categories of human economic activities.

Ans.- Primary, Secondary, tertiary and quaternary

Q.3- Give two examples of primary and two examples of secondary

economic activities.

Ans.- Primary activities : Farming and fishing

Secondary activities : Food processing and engineering

Q.4- Classify the industries on the basis of raw material.

Ans.- 1. Crop based industry

2. Animal based industry

3. forest based industry

Q.5- Classify industries on the basis of size.

Ans.- 1. Large scale industries

2. Medium scale industries

3. Small scale industries

Q.6- Name two industries from the private sector and two from the

public sector.

Ans.- Private sector industries : Tata industries, Reliance industries

Public sector industries : Indian Railway, Indian Oil

corporation.

Q.7- Explain with example how industries are classified on the

basis of ownership.

Ans.- On the basis of ownership industries are classified as:

1. Public sector industries

2. Private sector industries

3. Joint sector industries

4. Cooperative sector industries

1. Public sector industries :- This industries are undertaking

of the government and they operated at various levels as the

central, state and local bodies. For example, Bharat heavy

Electrical ltd. And Indian Oil corporation.

2. Private sector industries :- These industries are owned

by individuals that use their own funds. Such as Tata

industries and Reliance industries.

3. Joint sector industries :- This industries are owned by

both government and individuals. Like Indian government

and the Suzuki company of Japan both are operated Bharat

Aluminum company ltd.

4. Cooperative sector industries :- This industries belong

from cooperative society which are formed by cooperation

of members. Such as Sanchi milk production ltd.

Chapter - 9

(India and the World)

Q.1- Write short note on Silicon Valley in US and Electronics city

Bengaluru?

Ans.- Silicon valley :- Silicon valley lies in northern California in

USA where some of the world’s largest technology

corporations have been established. It is the hub of electronic

industry which have different kind of electronic item

designed.

Electronic City Bengaluru :- Bengaluru is the capital of the

Indian state of Karnataka. Bengaluru is famous as the center

of India’s information technology sector. Bengaluru is known

as the Silicon valley of India because of its position as the

nation’s leading IT exporter.

Q.2- Give the importance of Tata Steel.

Ans.- Tata Steel Industries was set up in 1907 by Jamshed Ji Tata in

Jamshedpur. Tata Iron and steel Company or TISCO is the

first ever privatized iron and steel plant and largest producer

of steel in India. Tata steel is a top ten global steelmaker

company in allover world which fulfill the need of heavy steel

material and also it is the one of most factor to help Indian

economy.

Q.3- Write a short note on Osaka.

Ans.- Osaka is well known for its textile industry. Osaka is an

important textile center in Japan. It is called the “Manchester

of Japan” like every important Center. Land was easily

available for growth of cotton and Warm and humid climate is

well suited to the spinning and weaving of cotton. The river

yodo provide adequate water supply.

Q.4- Write a note on development of automobile industry in

Detroit, USA.

Ans.- Detroit is Ideally situated to be state of Michigan a center of

American and it is the heartland of automobile industries.

Some major factors are helped to development as the hub of

automobile industries are : -

1. Located in the industrial heart of America

2. Availability of skilled and semi-skilled labour

3. Great lake system provide better transportation system

4. World’s famous automobile manufactures emerged like

Ford Motor, General Motors, Daimalar Chrysler etc.

5. Easy access to capital and market.

Chapter - 11

(Disaster Management)

Q.1- Define the term of Disaster management?

Ans.- Disaster management involves activities dealing with

avoiding hazards and risk.

Q.2- What does a disaster management plan include?

Ans.- Plan can be include all levels of government and non-

government institutions.

Q.3- What do you understand by the term hazard?

Ans.- Have you ever been in a dangerous situation when life could

be in danger then that is hazards.

Q.4- Name the four phase of disaster management?

Ans.-

1. Preparedness

2. Response

3. Recovery

4. Mitigation

Q.5- How can disaster management affect us?

Ans.- Disaster management can be affect people for their safety

reason when unexpected risk or hazard situation raised.

Q.6- What is disaster mitigation?

Ans.- Activities that reduce the impact and damaging effect of the

disaster.

Chapter - 12

(Disaster: Natural and Human made)

Q.1- Differentiate between ‘eye of the cyclone’ and the ‘wall of the

cyclone’.

Ans.- During cyclone wind moves with low pressure area which is

called the ‘eye of the cyclone’ and the edge of the cyclone

called the ‘wall of the cyclone.

Q.2- What are natural disasters?

Ans.- When the natural factors are responsible for disaster, then that

is called natural disaster like Earthquake.

Q.3- How are biological disasters caused?

Ans.- Biological disasters are caused by substances such as micro

organisms, virus, bacteria, toxins and medical wastes.

Q.4- How are cyclones caused? Describe the destruction caused by

them.

Ans.- Cyclone is a system of rotating winds over a large area.

Cyclone are atmospheric disturbances that occur around low-

pressure areas. Cyclones are accompanied by strong winds,

heavy prolonged rains, and storm surges. Cyclones can be

causes immense damage such as cyclone can cause flooding,

extremely strong winds damage buildings and property,

destroy crops, uproot trees and destroy infrastructure.