cambridgegreekandlatinclassics generaleditors...

CAMBRIDGE GREEK AND LATIN CLASSICS

General Editors

P. E. EasterlingRegius Professor Emeritus of Greek, University of Cambridge

Philip HardieSenior Research Fellow, Trinity College, and Honorary Professor of Latin,

University of Cambridge

Richard HunterRegius Professor of Greek, University of Cambridge

E. J . KenneyKennedy Professor Emeritus of Latin, University of Cambridge

S. P. OakleyKennedy Professor of Latin, University of Cambridge

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Cambridge University Press978-0-521-87871-5 - Therodotus Histories: Book VEdited by Simon HornblowerFrontmatterMore information

http://www.cambridge.org/9780521878715

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HERODOTUS

HISTORIESBOOK V

edited byS IMON HORNBLOWER

Senior Research Fellow, All Souls College, Oxford






University Printing House, Cambridge cb2 8bs, United Kingdom

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It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit ofeducation, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence.

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C© Cambridge University Press 2013

This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exceptionand to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,no reproduction of any part may take place without the written

permission of Cambridge University Press.

First published 2013

Printed in the United Kingdom by CPI Group Ltd, Croydon cr0 4yy

A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication dataHerodotus.

[History. Book 5]Histories, Book V / Herodotus ; edited by Simon Hornblower.

pages cm. – (Cambridge Greek and Latin classics)Includes bibliographical references and index.

isbn 978-0-521-87871-5 (hardback)1. Greece – History – Ionian Revolt, 499–494 b.c. I. Hornblower, Simon. II. Title.

pa4002.a35 2013938′.03 – dc23 2013016267

isbn 978-0-521-87871-5 Hardbackisbn 978-0-521-70340-6 Paperback

Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy ofURLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication,and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain,

accurate or appropriate.






CONTENTS

List of maps page viPreface viiList of abbreviations ix

Introduction 11 Structural questions 1(a) Book divisions 1(b) Books 5 and 6 in relation to the Histories as a whole 4(c) The structure of books 5 and 6 10

2 The causes of the Ionian revolt 153 Chronology of book 5 (the Ionian revolt narrative) 184 Kinship ties in books 5 and 6 215 Personal names in books 5 and 6 23(a) General considerations 23(b) Milesian names in book 5 25(c) Milesian conclusions 28(d) Non-Greek names in books 5 and 6 28(e ) Non-naming 30( f) General conclusions 31

6 Religion: gods, heroes and epiphanies 32(a) Gods and epiphanies 33(b) Heroes, heroines and hero-cults 37(c) Conclusion 41

7 Language and dialect (by A. M. Bowie) 418 Text 47

ΗΡΟΔΟΤΟΥ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΩΝ Ε ΤΕΡΨΙΧΟΡΗ 49

Commentary 93

Works cited 312Indexes

1 Subjects 3392 Greek words and phrases 350

v






MAPS

1. Thrace, Macedonia and north Greece page xiv2. Asia Minor xv3. Greece and the Aegean xvi4. Sicily and south Italy xix5. Western Achaemenid empire xx

vi






PREFACE

This single-authored volume is planned as one of a pair with an edition ofand commentary on bk. 6 in the same series, by the present author andChristopher Pelling in collaboration. Some sections of the Introductionto the present volume concern bk. 5 only; some concern both books; andsome topics common to both books (Hdt. and Homer; Hdt.’s handlingof Kleomenes and of Aigina) will be covered in the Introduction to bk.6. Chronology will be covered in both volumes; for the distribution, seethe Introduction, 3. For what is known or can be plausibly inferred aboutHerodotus’ life and travels, see S. West in Bowie 2007: 127–130.

The groundwork for the commentary on book 5 was done as part ofgraduate (MA) teaching at University College London (UCL). In 2008–9,I taught books 5 and 7 jointly with Professor C. Carey, and in 2009–10, mylast academic year at UCL, I taught books 5 and 6 onmy own. I am gratefulto Chris Carey for many insights and much shared enjoyment, and to allthe students for their stimulating contributions.

The text is an adapted version of Hude’s OCT, taking account of thechanges which will be made by Nigel Wilson in his forthcoming replace-ment OCT and in his companion volume Herodotea. Wilson and I wentthrough the text of book 5 in July 2012 and discussed, to my great profit,problem passages flagged up by one or other or both of us. I have alsoexploited Paul Maas’s marginal suggestions, as published in Wilson 2011.I warmly acknowledge all Nigel Wilson’s help, and his willingness to makehis material and conclusions available to me in advance of publication. Myown apparatus is short and mostly confined to essentials.

Richard Catling, Stephen Colvin, Esther Eidinow, Maria Fragoulaki,AlanGriffiths, Patrick James, AnneThompson,MartinWest and StephanieWest helped over particular problems. Chris Pelling read and commentedvery valuably on an early draft of the commentary. The General Editors,Pat Easterling and Richard Hunter, commented in great detail and withgreat patience on more than one draft of the entire work, Introduction aswell as commentary, and the book is much better as a result of their tren-chant comments. Angus Bowie kindly gave permission to reprint his sec-tion on Hdt.’s language. Alan Griffiths helped with the proof-correction,and made valuable last-minute suggestions of substance, indicated by‘AHG’. Everyone told me how lucky I was to be given Muriel Hall as copy-editor, and they were quite right. I thank her too.

I am grateful to my college, All Souls, for electing me to theresearch fellowship which since October 2010 has enabled me to worksimultaneously on this book and on a larger-scale commentary on theAlexandra of Lykophron.

vii






viii PREFACE

Finally, I thank Oswyn Murray for undergraduate teaching at BalliolCollege Oxford more than forty years ago, as well as for his writings onHerodotus generally and on the Ionian revolt in particular.

Note: inscriptions are quoted, in full or in part, only when not available ineasily accessible collections. Otherwise mere references are given, includ-ing, where possible, additional references (with ‘=’) to English transla-tions in sourcebooks or elsewhere.






ABBREVIATIONS

I ANCIENT AUTHORS AND WORKS

Abbreviations for Greek and Latin authors usually follow those in OCD4,except that Th. is Thucydides, Diod. is Diodorus and Pol. is Polybius;and Greek not Latin spellings are generally used, thus Lykoph. (i.e.Lykophron), not Lycoph., but not when a Latin spelling is very familiarindeed (thus Aesch. not Aiskh. for Aeschylus).

II HERODOTUS TEXTS AND COMMENTARIESREFERRED TO (SOME RELATING TO INDIVIDUAL

BOOKS OR PAIRS OF BOOKS ONLY)

Abicht K. Abicht, Herodotos fur den Schulgebrauch erklartvol. iii, books 5 and 6, Leipzig, 1883

Bowie A. M. Bowie, Herodotus Histories book VIII,Cambridge, 2007

Flower and Marincola M. Flower and J. Marincola, Herodotus Historiesbook IX, Cambridge, 2002

How and Wells W. W. How and J. Wells, Commentary on Herodotus,2 vols, Oxford, 1912

Hude C. Hude, Herodoti Historiae, 2 vols., Oxford 1912(OCT)

Legrand P. Legrand, Herodote livre V. Terpsichore2, ParisMacan R. W. Macan, Herodotus, the fourth, fifth and sixth

books (2 vols., London, 1895) or occasionallyHerodotus: the seventh, eighth and ninth books(3 vols., London, 1908)

Nenci (as appropriate) either G. Nenci, Erodoto: le storielibro V, La rivolta della Ionia, Florence, 1994 or G.Nenci, Erodoto: le storie Libro VI, La battaglia diMaratona, Florence, 1998

OCT Oxford Classical Text. See under Hude, alsoWilson

Rosen H. B. Rosen, Herodoti historiae (Teubner edn ofHdt.), 2 vols., Leipzig, 1987–97

Scott L. Scott, Historical commentary on Herodotus book 6,Leiden and Boston, 2005

Stein H. Stein, Herodotos6, Berlin, 1901

ix






x LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Wilson N. G. Wilson, forthcoming new OCT of Hdt., orthe accompanying Herodotea, where particularpassages are discussed in greater detail

I II OTHER ABBREVIATIONS

AHG Alan Griffiths, personal communicationAO R. Develin, Athenian officials 684–321 BC,

Cambridge, 1989APF J. K. Davies, Athenian propertied families 600–300 BC,

Oxfordapp. (crit.) apparatus (criticus), i.e. the material printed at the

foot of the text, giving textual variants andemendations

AR Archaeological Reports, booklet issued annually withJHS

ATL B. D. Meritt, H. T. Wade-Gery and M. F. McGregor,The Athenian tribute lists, 4 vols., Princeton,1939–53

Barr. R. Talbert (ed.), Barrington atlas of the Greek andRoman world, Princeton, 2000; the accompanyingmap-by-map Directory (also 2000, also ed. R.Talbert: 2 vols. with continuous pagination) is alsosometimes cited

BE Bulletin Epigraphique (in Revue des Etudes grecques)Beloch K. J. Beloch, Griechische Geschichte, 2nd edn, 4 vols.

in 8, Strasburg, Berlin and Leipzig, 1912–27BNJ I. Worthington (general ed.), Brill’s new Jacoby,

Leiden, 2006–Brill’s companion E. J. Bakker, I. de Jong and H. van Wees (eds.),

Brill’s companion to Herodotus, Leiden, Boston andCologne, 2002

Busolt G. Busolt, Griechische Geschichte, 3 vols., Gotha,1893–1904 (vols. 1 and 2 in a 2nd edn)

CAH Cambridge Ancient History, new edn. The vols. mostcited are J. Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, N. G. L.Hammond and E. Sollberger (eds.), vol. 3 part 1(1982); J. Boardman and N. G. L. Hammond(eds.), vol. 3 part 3 (1982); D. M. Lewis, J.Boardman, J. K. Davies and M. Ostwald (eds.),vol. 5 (1992); D. M. Lewis, J. Boardman, S.Hornblower and M. Ostwald (eds.), vol. 6 (1994).Note also J. Boardman (ed.), Plates Volume toVols. 5 and 6 (1994)






LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xi

Cambridge companion C. Dewald and J. Marincola (eds.), Cambridgecompanion to Herodotus, 2006

CEG P. Hansen, Carmina epigraphica graeca. Berlin andNew York, 1983 and 1989 (2 vols., numbering ofinscriptions continuous)

CHGRW I P. Sabin, H. van Wees and M. Whitby (eds.), TheCambridge history of Greek and Roman warfare vol. i,Greece, the Hellenistic world and the rise of Rome,Cambridge, 2007

CT i, ii, iii S. Hornblower, A Commentary on Thucydides, 3 vols.,Oxford, 1991, 1996, 2008

Derow/Parker P. Derow and R. Parker (eds.), Herodotus and hisworld, Oxford, 2003

DGE E. Schwyzer, Dialectorum Graecarum exempla potioraepigraphica, Leipzig, 1923

DK H. Diels and W. Kranz (eds.), Die Fragmente derVorsokratiker6, 3 vols., Berlin 1952

Ebert J. Ebert, Griechische Epigramme auf Sieger angymnischen und hippischen Agonen, Abh. sachs. Ges.Wiss. 63. 2, Berlin, 1972

EGM R. L. Fowler, Early Greek mythography, vol. i: Text andintroduction, vol. ii: Commentary, Oxford, 2000–13

Eretria P. Ducrey, S. Fachard, D. Knoepfler, T. Theurillat,D. Wagner and A. G. Zannis, Eretria, a guide to theancient city, Fribourg, 2004

F fragment (of historian in FGrHist)FGE D. L. Page, Further Greek epigrams, Cambridge, 1981FGrHist F. Jacoby, Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker,

15 vols, Leiden 1923–58Fornara C. W. Fornara, Translated documents, archaic times to

the end of the Peloponnesian war2, Cambridge, 1983Fowler See EGMGGM C. Muller, Geographi Graeci minores, 2 vols., Paris,

1861Greek world S. Hornblower, The Greek world 479–323 BC4,

London, 2011GSW W. K. Pritchett, The Greek state at war, 5 vols.,

Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1969–91HCP F. W. Walbank, Historical commentary on Polybius,

3 vols., Oxford, 1957–79HM i, ii N. G. L. Hammond, History of Macedonia vol. i,

Oxford, 1972; N. G. L. Hammond and G. T.Griffith, History of Macedonia vol. ii, Oxford, 1979

IACP M. H. Hansen and T. H. Nielsen (eds.), Aninventory of Archaic and Classical poleis, Oxford,






xii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

2004. Usually refs. are to entry nos., occasionallyto page numbers, prefaced by ‘p.’

ICS O. Masson, Inscriptions chypriotes syllabiques, Paris,1961, reprinted with expansions as EtudesChypriotes, Paris, 1983

IG Inscriptiones Graecae, Berlin, 1873–I. Labraunda J. Crampa (ed.), Labraunda, Swedish excavations and

researches 3(1) and 3(2): The Greek inscriptions, Lund,1969 and Stockholm, 1972

Irwin/Greenwood E. Irwin and E. Greenwood (eds.), ReadingHerodotus: a study of the Logoi in Book 5 of Herodotus’Histories, Cambridge, 2007

LGPN A Lexicon of Greek personal names, 6 vols. publishedto date, Oxford, 1987–2010

LIMC Lexicon iconographicum mythologiae classicae, Zurichand New York, 1981–1997

LSAG2 L. H. Jeffery, revised A. W. Johnston, Local scripts ofArchaic Greece, Oxford, 1990

LSJ H. G. Liddell, R. Scott and H. Stuart Jones, AGreek–English Lexicon, Oxford, 1996

LSS F. Sokolowski, Lois sacrees des cites grecques, suppl.,Paris, 1962

Maas seeWilson 2011 in Works cited (marginalia inMaas’ personal copy of Hude’s OCT; most of themnot previously published)

Mausolus S. Hornblower,Mausolus, Oxford, 1982ML R. Meiggs and D. Lewis, A selection of Greek historical

inscriptions to the end of the fifth century BC, revisededn, Oxford, 1988

Moretti seeMoretti 1957 in Works citedOCD4 S. Hornblower, A. J. S. Spawforth and E. Eidinow

(eds.), The Oxford Classical Dictionary, 4th edn,Oxford, 2012

OGIS W. Dittenberger, Orientis graecae inscriptiones selectae,2 vols, Leipzig, 1903–5

Onomatologos R. W. V. Catling and F. Marchand (eds.),Onomatologos: Studies in Greek personal namespresented to Elaine Matthews, Oxford, 2010

PECS R. Stillwell (ed.), Princeton encyclopedia of classicalsites, Princeton, 1976

Pf. R. Pfeiffer, Callimachus, 2 vols., Oxford, 1949–53PMG D. L. Page (ed.), Poetae melici graeci, Oxford, 1962






LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xiii

PMGF M. Davies, Poetarum melicorum graecorum fragmenta,vol. 1, Oxford, 1991

P. Oxy. Oxyrhynchus papyriPowell J. E. Powell, Lexicon to Herodotus, Cambridge, 1938Powell tr. J. E. Powell (translated), Herodotus, Oxford, 2 vols.,

1949. Note esp. Critical [i.e. textual] Appendix at2. 687–722

PT G. G. Cameron, Persepolis treasury tablets, Chicago,1948

RC C. B. Welles, Royal correspondence in the Hellenisticperiod, New Haven, 1934

R.-E. Real-Encyclopadie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft,ed. A. F. Pauly, G. Wissowa, W. Kroll, 66 vols and15 supplements (Stuttgart, 1894–1980)

R/O P. J. Rhodes and R. Osborne, Greek historicalinscriptions 404–323 BC, Oxford, 2003 (revisedpaperback edn, 2007)

SEG Supplementum epigraphicum graecum, 1923–SGDI H. Collitz and F. Bechtel, Sammlung der griechischen

Dialekt-Inschriften, 4 vols., Gottingen, 1884–1915SvT H. H. Schmitt, Die Staatsvertrage des Altertums,

vol. 32, Munich, 1969Syll3 W. Dittenberger, Sylloge inscriptionum Graecarum,

4 vols., 3rd edn, Leipzig, 1915–24Th. and Pi. S. Hornblower, Thucydides and Pindar: historical

narrative and the world of epinikian poetry, Oxford,2004

ThesCRA Thesaurus cultus et rituum antiquorum, 7 vols., LosAngeles, 2004–11

Thucydides S. Hornblower, Thucydides, London, 1994Tod M. N. Tod, A selection of Greek historical inscriptions,

vol. i: To the end of the fifth century BC, Oxford, 1933;vol. ii, From 403 to 323 BC, Oxford, 1948(numbering of inscriptions is continuous)

Tozzi P. Tozzi, La rivolta ionica, Pisa, 1978TT S. Hornblower, Thucydidean themes, Oxford, 2011Voigt E.-M. Voigt, Sappho et Alcaeus: fragmenta,

Amsterdam, 1971Waterfield Herodotus, the Histories, tr. R. Waterfield, with

introduction and notes by C. Dewald, Oxford,World’s Classics 1998






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