camelina rtp etc

8/6/2019 Camelina RTP Etc

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Biofuels: Unlocking the PotentialBiofuels: Unlocking the Potential

2009 UOP LLC. All rights reserved.

The International Conference on Biorefinery

October 6-7, 2009Syracuse, New York

Jennifer Holmgren

UOP LLC

Jennifer Holmgren

UOP LLC


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UOP Overview

Leading supplier and licensor of processingtechnology, catalysts, adsorbents, processplants, and technical services to the petroleumrefining, petrochemical, and gas processingindustries.

UOP Technology Furnishes: 60% of the worldsgasoline; 85% of the worlds biodegradabledetergents; 60% of the worldspara-xylene.

3400 employees worldwide. 2008 Financials: $1.9 billion in sales.

Strong relationships with leading refining andpetrochemical customers worldwide.

UOPs innovations enabled lead removal fromgasoline, the production of biodegradabledetergents, the first commercial catalyticconverter for automobiles.

Biofuels: Next in a Series of Sustainable Solutions

2003 National Medal of

Technology Recipient


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Agenda

y Global Context

y Our Vision

y Technology Solutions

y Life Cycle Analysis

y

Summary


4/44Source: IEA, 2008

y Global energy demand is expected to grow atCAGR 1.6%.

Primary Energy diversity will become increasinglyimportant over this period with coal, natural gas &renewables playing bigger roles.

y Fossil fuels are expected to supply 83% of energy

and 95% of liquid transportation needsy Biofuels are expected to grow at

8-12%/year to ~2.0 MBPD

Macromarket Summary: Through 2015


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Biofuels: A Quickly Changing Landscape

y All biofuels are good

y More, faster

y No criteria to

measure impact ofadopting biofuels

y Availability ofinexpensive biofeedstocks

y Governmentmandates andincentives favorethanol and biodiesel

y Not all biofuels are good

y Concern for food chainimpact & competition

for land/watery Measured biofuel

adoption

y Utilization of LCAanalysis to qualify:link to GHG, energy,sustainability

y Bio feedstocks trackingenergy prices

y Government mandates/incentives increasinglytechnology neutral

y Emphasis on real

biofuels

2007

y Emphasis on lifecycle analysis as away of measuring

sustainabilityy Ensure technology is

feedstock flexible

y Focus on 2nd

generationtechnologies

y Create partnershipsbetween feedstocksuppliers and fuel

producers

Increasing Awareness of Potential Impact

2008

UOP Position

2009y Credit Crisis:

Stimulus focused onGreen Tech


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Other Oils: Camelina,Jatropha, Halophytes

Our Biofuels Vision

Produce real drop-in fuels instead of fuel additives/blends Leverage existing refining/ transportation infrastructure to lower capital

costs, minimize value chain disruptions, and reduce investment risk

Focus on path toward second generation feedstocks

Lignocellulosic

biomass,algal oils

Second

Generation

Oxygenated Biofuels

BiodieselEthanol

First

Generation

Natural oils

(vegetables, greases)

Hydrocarbon Biofuels

JetDiesel GasolineFuel &

Power

Fuel &

Power

RenewableEnergy


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BiofuelsSustainability

SustainabilitySustainability

UncompromisedProduct QualityUncompromisedProduct Quality

Life CyclesLife Cycles

EmissionsEmissions

Vehicle FleetVehicle Fleet

TechnologyTechnology

LignocellulosicLignocellulosicCostCost

Net EnergyProduction

Consumption

Net EnergyProduction

Consumption

EfficiencyEfficiency

Supply ChainSupply Chain

AlgalAlgal

EnergyContentEnergyContent

DistributedDistributed

FeedstockAvailabilityFeedstock

AvailabilityWorld TradeWorld Trade

StandardsStandards

Reduction inClimate Active

CO2Equivalents

Reduction inClimate Active

CO2Equivalents

Getting There


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Agenda

y Global Context

y Our Vision



y

Summary


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Biofuels Overview: Technology Pathways

Current biofuel market based on sugars & oils.Use bridging feedstocks to get to 2ndGeneration Feeds:

Algae & Lignocellulosics

Transesterification

EnzymeConversion

Fermentation

C6 Sugars

Dehydration

Acid or EnzymeHydrolysis

Gasification

Pyrolysis/Thermal

DepolymerizationLights

CO2

Feedstocks Products

Syng

as

DirectConversion

H2O

FCC

Hydrotreating

Bio-oil

Hydrotreating

FischerTropsch

-

AlcoholSynthesis

Distillers Grain

Glycerine

Starches

Natural Oils

GreenGasoline

Ethanol

FAME orFAEE

GreenDiesel/Jet

C5/ C6Sugars

Co-Feed

Lignin, Cellulose

& Hemicellulose

Sugars

2nd Gen Feeds(Jatropha,

Camelina & Algal)

Renewable

Energy

= UOP Areas


11/44

Renewable Diesel and Jet Chemistry

+

H3C CH3

+

CH3CH3

CH3H3C CH3

H3C

CH3

H3C CH3CH3CH3

Feedstock flexible, but with consistent product properties

H2UOP Catalyst

H2

CO2

H2O +

+ H3C CH3

H3C CH3

CH2+

H2O

CO2 H3C

H3C H3C CH3

CH3H3C

UOP Catalyst Straight Chain Paraffins

Synthetic ParaffinicKerosene

CH3HO

O

HC

O

O

O

O

O

O

CH3

CH3

CH3

Free Fatty AcidMW=200-300

TriglycerideMW=700-900

y

Natural oils contain oxygen, have highmolecular weight.

y First reaction removes oxygen productis diesel range waxy paraffins

y Second reaction cracks diesel paraffinsto smaller, highly branched molecules

y End product is same as molecules alreadypresent in aviation fuel

y End product is independent of starting oil


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UOP/ENI Ecofining Green Diesel

y Superior technology thatproduces diesel, rather thanan additive

y Uses existing refining

infrastructure, can betransported via pipeline,and can be used in existingautomotive fleet

y Two units licensed in Europewith first commercial start-upin 2010

y Excellent blending

component, allowing refinersto expand diesel pool bymixing in bottoms

y Can be used as an approach

to increase refinery dieseloutput

Petrodiesel BiodieselGreenDiesel

NOx Baseline +10

50-65

Cold FlowProperties Baseline Poor Excellent

Poor

-10 to 0

OxidativeStability Baseline Excellent

Cetane 40-55 75-90

Natural Oil/Grease

+Hydrogen

Green DieselGreen Diesel + Propane

+ GlycerolBiodiesel (FAME)Biodiesel (FAME)

Natural Oil/Grease

+Methanol

Performance Comparison

Process Comparison vs. Biodiesel


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UOP Renewable Jet Process

y

Initially a DARPA-fundedproject to develop processtechnology to produce military

jet fuel (JP-8) from renewablesources

y Targets maximum Green Jetproduction

y Green Jet Fuel can meet allthe key properties of petroleum

derived aviation fuel, flashpoint, cold temperatureperformance, stability

y Certification of Green Jet as a

50% blending component inprogress

Deoxygenating/Isomerization

Deoxygenating/Isomerization

Built on Ecofining Technology

GreenDieselGreenDiesel

GreenJet

GreenJet

Natural Oil/Grease

DARPA Project Partners

Deoxygenating/Selective Cracking/

Isomerization

Deoxygenating/Selective Cracking/

Isomerization

Natural Oil/Grease

Available for License Q3 2009


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Completed Flight Demonstrations

y Successful ANZ FlightDemo Date: Dec. 30 2008

Feedstock:

Jatropha oil

Feedstock:Jatropha and algal oil

y

Successful CAL FlightDemo Date: Jan. 7 2009

Feedstock: Camelina,Jatropha and algal oil

y Successful JAL Flight

Demo Date: Jan. 30 2009


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Key Properties of Green Jet

DescriptionJet A-1Specs

JatrophaDerived

SPK

CamelinaDerived

SPK

Jatropha/AlgaeDerived

SPK

Flash Point, oC Min 38 46.5 42.0 41.0

Freezing Point, oC Max -47 -57.0 -63.5 -54.5

JFTOT@300oC

Filter dP, mmHg max 25 0.0 0.0 0.2

Tube Deposit Less Than < 3 1.0


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ANERS16Federal Aviation

AdministrationSeptember 22, 2009

Mark Rumizen, FAA/CAAFI

Certification Qualification Phase- ASTM D4054 Fuel Qualification Process

OEM Review &Approval

ASTM BallotingProcess

SpecificationProperties

Engine/APUTesting

Fit-For-PurposeProperties

Component/RigTesting

ASTM

ResearchReport

ASTMResearch

ReportASTMSpecification

Accept

ASTM

Review

& Ballot

Re-Eval

As RequiredReject

ASTM

Specification

Accept

ASTM

Review

& Ballot

Re-Eval

As RequiredReject

ASTMSpecification

FRL 6.1 FRLs 6.2 & 6.3 FRL 6.4

FRL 7: Fuel Class Listed in Intl Fuel Specifications

FRL 4.2


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ANERS17Federal Aviation

AdministrationSeptember 22, 2009

Mark Rumizen, FAA/CAAFI

ASTM D7566 Issued Sept 1

Body of Spec Applies toFinished Semi-Synthetic Fuel

Annex for Each Class of

Synthetic BlendingComponent

Allow Re-Certification toD1655

Annex 1

Hydroprocessed SPK

Includes 50% FT Fuel

Blend Comps Criteriaand Blend % Limits

Annex 3Other AdvFuels orProcesses

Annex 2

Other AdvFuels orProcesses

Annex 1

50%

HydprossdSPK FuelBlends

Fuel Produced to D7566 CanBe Designated as D1655 Fuel

5.1 Materials andManufacture

D1655

Table 1

D7566Av Turbine Fuel Containing

Syn HCs

Table 1

Blended FuelPerformance

Properties

SPK from Lipidsexpected in

2010


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Algae: Multiple Sources for Fuels

High Pre-TreatmentCosts

Low Pre-TreatmentCosts

Wild Algae EnhancedAlgae Strains

HeterotrophicallyGrown Algae

Green FuelsJet, Diesel

EcofiningEcofiningTMTM

Moderate ProductionCosts

Low ProductionCosts

Moderate Production Cost

Moderate Pre-Treatment Costs


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Mixed WoodsMixed Woods

Corn StoverCorn Stover

Pyrolysis Oil to Energy & Fuels

FastPyrolysis

AvailableToday

3 Years tocomplete

R&D

Conversion to Transport Fuels Demonstrated in LabCollaboration with DOE, USDA, PNNL, NREL

PyrolysisOil

ElectricityProduction

Fuel OilSubstitution

Transport Fuels(Gasoline, Jet

Diesel)

Chemicals(Resins, BTX)

Biomass

Refinery

P P

P P

P P

Envergent Technologies LLC


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Envergent Technologies LLC UOP / Ensyn Joint Venture

Formed in October 2008

Provides pyrolysis oil technology for fueloil substitution and electricity generation

Channel for UOP R&D program to

upgrade pyrolysis oil to transportationfuels

Leading process technologylicensor ~$2 billion in sales, 3000employees

Co-inventor of FCC technology Modular process unit supplier

Global reach via Honeywell & UOPsales channels

Over 20 years of commercial fastpyrolysis operating experience

Developers of innovative RTPTM

fast pyrolysis process Eight commercial RTP units

designed and operated

Second Generation Renewable Energy Company Global Reach

Envergent Technologies 2009

Rapid Thermal Process (RTPTM)


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Pyrolysis Oily

510C, 70 wt%

liquid on woodybiomass

y

Light gas and charby-product provideheat to dry feed andoperate unitSolid Biomass

ap d e a ocess ( )Technology

Proven Technology, fullscale designs available


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RTPTM Pyrolysis Oil Properties

Suitable for Energy Applications

Fuel MJ / Litre BTU / US Gallon

Methanol 17.5 62,500Pyrolysis Oil 19.9 71,500

Ethanol 23.5 84,000

Light Fuel Oil (#2) 38.9 139,400

Comparison of Heating Value of Pyrolysis Oiland Typical Fuels

y

Pourable, storable and transportableliquid fuel

y Energy densification relative to biomass

y Contains approximately 50-55% energy

content of fossil fuely Stainless steel piping, tankage and

equipment required due to acidity

y Requires separate storage from

fossil fuels


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RTPTM Product Yields

Feed, wt%

Hardwood Whitewood 100

Typical Product Yields,wt% Dry Feed

Pyrolysis Oil 70

By-Product Vapor 15

Char 15

Cellulosic Feedstock FlexibleWith High Yields of Pyrolysis Oil

BiomassFeedstock Type

Typical PyrolysisOil Yield, wt% ofDry Feedstock

Hardwood 70 75

Softwood 70 80Hardwood Bark 60 65

Softwood Bark 55 65

Corn Fiber 65 75

Bagasse 70 75Waste Paper 60 80

Yields For Various Feeds

Ensyn has tested over 70 types offeedstock in RTP pilot plant


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Feedstock Sources

Cellulosic Feedstocks Widely Available

yForestry and Pulp and PaperWood chips, sawdust, bark

Forestry residues

yAgriculturalResidues corn stover, expended fruit

bunches from palm (EFB), bagasse

Purpose-grown energy crops miscanthus, elephant grass

yPost-consumerConstruction and Demolition Waste,

Categories 1&2

Municipal solid waste (future)

yDoE study 2005 - > 1 billion tonper year available in UnitedStates alone

F d H dli / P ti


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Feed Handling / Preparation

Water is a heat sink Dried to 5-6 wt% moisture content for efficient RTPTM reactor operation

Size impacts heat transfer

Biomass sized to 0.125-0.25 inch (3-6 mm)

Capacity of unit expressed on bone dry feed basis

BDMTPD

Zero water content

RTP is Self-Sustaining Excess Heat Dries Raw Biomass

RTP Storage

PreparedBiomassAs Fed5- 6 wt%Moisure

0.125 to 0.25Pyrolysis Oil

As ProducedFeed

Handling

Raw BiomassUp to 40%Moisture

RTPTM Fl Di


26/44

RTPTM Flow Diagram

RTPTM P 3D M d l


27/44

RTPTM Process 3D Model

RTPTM Operating History& C i l E i


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& Commercial Experience

yCommercialized in the 1980s

y 7 units designed and operated in the US & Canada

y Continuous process with >90% availability

Significant Commercial Experience

Plant YearBuilt Operating Capacity(Metric Tonnes Per Day) Location

Manitowoc RTPTM 1 1993 30 Manitowoc, WI, USA

Rhinelander RTPTM 1 1995 35 Rhinelander, WI, USA

Rhinelander Chemical #2 1995 2 Rhinelander, WI, USA

Rhinelander RTPTM 2 2001 45 Rhinelander, WI, USA

Rhinelander Chemical #3 2003 1 Rhinelander, WI, USA

Petroleum Demo # 1 2005 300 barrels per day Bakersfield, CA, USA

Renfrew RTPTM

1(Owned and operated byEnsyn)

2007 100 Renfrew, Ontario,Canada

Note: design basis for wood based plants assumes feedstocks with 6 Wt% moisture content.


29/44

Envergent Video

Pyrolysis Oil as Burner Fuel


30/44

Pyrolysis Oil as Burner Fuel

Energy densification/improvedlogistics and flexibility

Relatively low emissions(NOx, SOx, ash)

Consistent quality/improvedoperations

- ASTM D7544, StandardSpecification for Pyrolysis LiquidBiofuel, established last month

Stainless steel piping, tankageand equipment required due toacidity

Requires separate storage fromfossil fuels

Property Value Test Method

Gross Heat ofCombustion,MJ/kg Point, oC

15 min ASTM D240

Pyrolysis SolidsContent, wt%

2.5 max ASTM D7544,Annex I

Water Content,wt%

30 max ASTM E203

pH report ASTM E70

KinematicViscosity, cSt @

40 C

125 max ASTM D445

Density, kg/dm3

@ 20 C1.1 1.3 ASTM D4052

Sulfur Content,wt%

0.05 max ASTM 4294

Ash Content,wt% 0.25 max ASTM 482

Flash Point, oC 45 min ASTM D93,Procedure B

Pour Point, oC -9 max ASTM D97

25-30% Lower Cost than #2 FuelOil on an Energy Basis

Pyrolysis Oil Energy Applications


31/44

yCompatible withspecialized turbines

ySpecialized burner tipsimprove flame/burning

yConvert to steam touse existing

infrastructureyUse as a blend in

diesel engines

y

Upgradable tohydrocarbon fuels

Multiple Applications for Pyrolysis Oil,a Renewable Fuel Available Today

FuelBurner

GasTurbine

DieselEngine

Heat

ElectricityCHP

GreenGasoline,

GreenDiesel &

Green Jet

Hydro-cracking/Dewaxing

SyngasGasification

OptimizedUOP

UpgradingTechnology

RTPUnit

FischerTropsch

ENV 5233-09

Pyrolysis Oil Energy Applications

Pyrolysis Oil:Production of Green Electricity


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Production of Green Electricity

y Compatible with specializedturbines

y Green electricity production

cost is 0.10 $US/kW-hIncludes RTP operating cost

and 15-yr straightlinedepreciation of CAPEX

(including gas turbine)y Experience in stationary

diesel engine as blend withfossil fuel

Operation with 100%pyrolysis oil underdevelopment

Conversion to Transportation Fuel


33/44

Conversion to Transportation Fuel

Integrated Bio-Refinery (IBR) Complex

Ligno-cellulosic Biomass to Fungible Fuels

H2Generation

Unit

PyrolysisOil

ConversionUnit

RapidThermal

ProcessingUnit

Gasoline

Kerosene

Diesel

Steam

Wastewater

Spent Air

Biomass

Utilities

Fuel

Water

Air

ENV 5233-17

The Future: 100% Renewable Jet


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The Future: 100% Renewable Jet

The hydroplane ran on 98% Bio-SPK and 2% renewable aromatics

Jet A1Spec Starting SPK

Woody Pyrolysis OilAromatics

Freeze Point (oC) -47

39

0.775

Flash Point (oC)

-53-63

42

0.753

52

Density (g/mL) 0.863

Creating Biorefineries


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Ecofining and Palm Oil

yEnable production of superiorquality Diesel and Biofuelsfor Aviation

yLPG instead of Glycerol

y

GHG ReductionyExport Markets

RTP and EFB/Residues

yOvercome EFB logistics

limitationyPalm Oil GHG reduction

yExpand business opportunitiesvs. direct firing

yCost competitive with fossil

fuel oil

Creating Biorefineries

EFB and Residues

Transport Fuels(Diesel, JetLPG, naphtha)

RTP Pyrolysis

Ecofining

ElectricityFuel Oil

New Business Opportunities with Improved Sustainability

Palm Oil

Agenda


36/44

Agenda

y Global Context

y Our Vision



y Summary

Scope of WTW* LCA


37/44

Petroleum

Based Fuels

Green Distillate

from Waste Tallow

Green Distillate

from Energy CropsSeed Fertilizer Fuel Chemicals

OilProcessing

Oil

Transport

Plant Oil

Hydrogen

Renewable JetProcess Unit

ConsumerUse

TallowProcessing

Tallow

Transport

Hydrogen

Renewable JetProcess Unit

ConsumerUse

Extraction ofCrude Oil

Refining

ConsumerUse

OilExtraction

Energy CropFarming

Energy CropTransport

Transport of

Crude Oil

Scope of WTW LCA

*WTW is either well-to-wheels or well-to-wings

Gasoline, Jet, Diesel Green Diesel, Jet

Waste Tallow from MeatProcessing Industry

Green Diesel, Jet

Life Cycle Analysis for Renewable Jet Fuel


38/44

Life Cycle Analysis for Renewable Jet Fuel

Basic Data for Jatropha Production and Use. Reinhardt, Guido et al. IFEU June 2008Biodiesel from Tallow. Judd, Barry. s.l. : Prepared for Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority, 2002.Environmental Life-Cycle Inventory of Detergent-Grade Surfactant Sourcing and Production. Pittinger, Charles et al. 1,Prarie Village, Ka : Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 1993, Vol. 70.

Kerosene JatrophaGreen

Jet

TallowGreen

Jet

SoyGreen

Jet

0

0.2

0.4

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6Cumulative Energy Demand

MJ(Input)/MJ(O

utput)

0.6

0

Renewable Biomass

Renewable, Water

Non-renewable, Fossil Non-renewable, Nuclear

Renewable, Wind, Solar, Geothe

Significant GHG Reduction Potential

Kerosene JatrophaGreen

Jet

TallowGreen

Jet

SoyGreen

Jet

80

Greenhouse Gases

gCO2

eq./M

J

90

70

6050

40

30

20

10

0

CultivationFuel Production

Use

Oil ProductionTransportation

CamelinaGreen

Jet

gCO2

eq./

MJ

-500

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

LUC Error Bar

Pyrolysis Oil vs Fossil Fuel LCA


39/44

Pyrolysis Oil vs Fossil Fuel LCA

Pyrolysis Oil Production foot printsimilar to fossil energy alternatives

Assumed biomass transport distances

y 200 km for logging residues

y 25 km for short rotation forest crops

Comparison of GHG EmissionsCradle to Delivered Energy

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

PetroleumCrude Oil

HardCoal

gCO2

eq/MJ

NaturalGas

CanadianOil Sands

Crude Oil

PyOilfrom

LoggingResidues

PyOilfrom

Willow

PyOilfrom

Poplar

Energy ExtractionGHG Emissions

Pyrolysis Oil Life Cycle foot printGreenerthan other alternativesy Carbon neutral combustion emission

y 70-88% lower GHG emissions

y SOx

emissions similar to Natural Gas

Comparison of GHG EmissionsCradle to Delivered Energy, and Burned

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

PetroleumFuel Oil

HardCoal

gCO2

eq/MJ

NaturalGas

PyOilfrom

LoggingResidues

PyOilfrom

Willow

PyOilfrom

Poplar

Life Cycle

GHG Emissionsthrough combustion

Pyrolysis Oil vs. Fossil Fuel LCA


40/44

y y

Canadian Scenario

Sawmill ResiduesRTP unit located at sawmill site

Feed Transportation Distance = 0

PyOil 88% lower GHG thanPetroleum-derived heating oil

LCA Result courtesy of Don OConnor

Comparative Analyses using GHGenius Software

Fuel Heating OilNatural

Gas PyOil

NaturalGas WoodResidues

g CO2eq/GJ

Fuel Distribution & Storage 698 2,063 361

Fuel Production 8,412 1,376 9,555

Feedstock Transmission 1,401 0 0

Feedstock Recovery 8,081 1,708 0

Land-use Changes,Cultivation

25 0 0

Fertilizer Manufacture 0 0 0

Fuel Dispensing 402 0 874

Gas Leaks & Flares 1,900 3,540 0

CO2, H2S Removed from

NG0 642 0

Emissions Displaced -128 0 0

Sub-total Fuel Production 20,790 9,330 10,790

Fuel Combustion 68,718 50,432 301

Grand Total 89,508 60,762 11,091

% Change Compared to

Heating Oil-32.1% -87.6%

Crude OilFeedstock

GHG Emissions Wood Feedstock

(S&T)2 Consultants Inc.11657 Summit CrescentDelta, BCCanada, V4E 2Z2

Achieving Sustainability


41/44

g y

yRenewables are going to make up an increasing

share of the future fuels poolMultitude of bioprocessing approaches possible

Fungible biofuels are here

Essential to overlay sustainability criteriayProven technology available today can efficiently convert

natural oils to green diesel and green jet fuel and residualbiomass to power

Wide spread implementation requires creation of a crediblesupply chain

Availability of sustainable feedstocks is a key enabler

Market pull required to accelerate implementation

y Important to promote technology neutraland performance based standardsand directives to avoid standardization

on old technologyCreate a Portfolio of Options

Acknowledgements


42/44

gyAFRL

Robert Allen

John DatkoTim EdwardsDon Minus

yAir New ZealandGrant Crenfeldt

yAquaflowPaul DorringtonNick Gerritsen

yBoeingBilly GloverJames KinderMike HenryDarrin Morgan

Tim RahmesDale Smith

yCargillBruce ResnickMichael KennedyIan Purdle

yCFM

Gurhan AndacyContinental Airlines

Gary LeDucLeah RaneyGeorge Zombanakis

yENI

Giovanni FaraciFranco BaldiraghiGiuseppe Bellussi

yEnsynRobert Graham

Barry FreelStefan Muller

yGESteve CsonkaMike Epstein

yThe Seawater FoundationGlobal Seawater, Inc.

Carl HodgesHoward Weiss

yJapan AirlinesTakuya IshibashiKoichiro NagayamaYasunori Abe

y

Michigan TechnicalUniversityDavid Shonnard

yNikki UniversalYasushi FujiiMasaru Marui

yNRELRichard Bain

yPNNLDoug ElliotDon Stevens

yPratt & WhitneyTedd Biddle

Mario DebenetoyRolls Royce

Chris Lewis

ySandiaRon Pate

Warren CoxPeter KobosWilliam Fogleman

ySapphireBrian GoodallKulinda Davis

ySolazymeHarrison F. DillonAnthony G. Day

ySouth West Research InstituteGeorge Wilson

ySustainable OilsScott Johnson

yTargeted GrowthTom Todaro

yHoneywell / UOPAmar AnumakondaRoy BertolaAndrea BozzanoTim Brandvold

Michelle CohnGraham EllisTom KalnesJoseph KocalSteve LuptonMike McCallPrabhakar NairSunny NguyenRandy Williams

DOE

Project DE-FG36-05GO15085Paul Grabowski

DARPA

Project W911NF-07-C-0049Dr. Douglas Kirkpatrick

Nodan m am om am o Teekkr ederim


43/44

Efcharisto

Danyavad

Ksznm

Terima kasih

Dekoju

Eso

Hvala

Spasibo

Ngiyabonga

Wiyarrparlunpaju-yungu

Giittus

Aachaykin

Dhannvaad

Grazie

Qujanaq

Xie x ie ShukranAr i ga t o

Ookini

Gum x ia

mersi

Danke schn

Ang kun

MerciKiitos Gum xia

Tawdi

Grac iasSha sha

Obrigado

Thank You


44/44

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