campaigns and elections
DESCRIPTION
Campaigns and Elections. Candidates. “self-starters” vs. recruited by parties Motivation Profile. Changing campaign styles. More personalized Less reliant on organization More expensive More professionals, less volunteers. “Stump Speaking” by George Caleb Bingham – c. 1830s. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Campaigns and Elections
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Candidates
• “self-starters” vs. recruited by parties
• Motivation
• Profile
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Changing campaign styles
• More personalized• Less reliant on organization• More expensive• More professionals, less volunteers
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“Stump Speaking” by George Caleb Bingham – c. 1830s
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Warren Harding’s Front Porch Campaign – Mass Media Election, 1920
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Harry Truman’s Whistle Stop Campaign, 1948
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Are the biggest part of spending in modern campaigns.
Ronald Reagan’s “Morning in America” (1984)
They can be designed to promote a candidate in a number of ways:1. Present a biography – Introduce the candidate2. Claim accomplishments/record3. Compare to other candidates4. Respond to other ads
Into which category does this fall?
An example:
Television Campaign Ads
LBJ Daisy (1964)
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Iowa Caucus and New Hampshire Primary dominate early political news coverage
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Primaries
• Closed
• Open
• Blanket
• Run-off
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Caucus
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1860 GOP Convention
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The Convention
Presidential candidates have been nominated by the convention method in every election since 1832. •Seating the Delegates. •Convention Activities.
•Speech making•Platform formulation•Presidential Balloting•Acceptance Speeches
•Becoming less relevant
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Hard money Soft moneyAir warGround war
Political Action Committees (PACs)
Campaign Finance Terminology
Harry & Louise Issue Ad
527 Groups (or Committees)
If Parents Acted Like Bush
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Regulations
• Hatch Act (1939)
• Federal Election Campaign Act (1974)
• McCain-Feingold (2002)
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(Historical) Legal Regulations on Registration
• Poll Tax
• Literacy Test
• Requiring re-registration at periodic intervals
• Purging for nonvoting
• Residency requirements
• Closing date for registration
• Office hours for registration may be limited to regular business hours
• Registration offices can be limited or widely available
• Deputy registrars
• Absentee registration
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Wolfinger & Rosenstone’s Hypotheses
• Hypotheses
• Consequential restrictions
• Reforms suggested
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Voter Turnout of Voting Age Pop
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996
Voter turnout
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Electoral Law
• Most states require registration
• Elections occur on a Tuesday
• Votes must be cast in the assigned precinct during polling hours
• Absentee ballots need to be requested in advance
• Elections are SMDP
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Machinery of Elections
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How voters decide
• Socio-economic and demographic factors– Education– Income/socio-economic status– Religion– Ethnicity/Race*– Gender– Age– Region
• Psychological factors– Party identification*– Perception of the candidates in terms of image and trustworthiness– Issue preferences, especially on economic issues
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Party ID measured on a seven-point scale
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Cartogram of Electoral College Votes
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The Electoral Map – 10/15 (Time)
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2004 Results – State Level
Source: http://www-personal.umich.edu/~mejn/election/
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2004 Results – State (pop adj)
Source: http://www-personal.umich.edu/~mejn/election/
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2004 Results – State (EC adj)
Source: http://www-personal.umich.edu/~mejn/election/
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2004 Results – County Level
Source: http://www-personal.umich.edu/~mejn/election/
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Source: http://www-personal.umich.edu/~mejn/election/
2004 Results – County Level (pop adj)
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2004 Results – County (intensity)
Source: http://www-personal.umich.edu/~mejn/election/
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2004 Results – County (intensity, pop)
Source: http://www-personal.umich.edu/~mejn/election/
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Caveat: Sometimes the polls are wrong