campus of the future - cisco€¦ · application hosting app development - docker native docker app...

Craig WickhamIan Procyk

Technical Solutions Architects, Enterprise Networks

February, 2020

Switching & Wireless Better Together +Wi-Fi 6 Deep Dive

Campus of the Future

© 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Wired Wireless

Up until now,

wireless has been apart from wired


Separate operating system

Separate management

Separate securityWired Wireless

Wired+

Wireless

The Cisco Catalyst 9000 family

together at last


Speed transition with Cisco Catalyst 9000End-to-end leadership with Cisco Catalyst access portfolio

Access switchesAccess pointsCore/aggregation switches

Wireless controllers

Cisco Catalyst9200, 9300, and 9400 Series

Cisco Catalyst9500 and 9600

Series

Cisco Catalyst9800 Series

Cisco Catalyst9100

1G

40 G40G/100G

Scalability, reliability, and security across the network

Built from the ground up for intent-based networking Automation Security Analytics

10 G25G/40G

1GMulti-gigabit


Cisco Catalyst 9000 switching portfolio

Cisco Catalyst 9000

switch platform

Cisco Catalyst 9400 Series


Cisco Catalyst3650/3850 Series

Cisco Catalyst4500E Series

Cisco Catalyst 3850F/4500-X

Cisco Catalyst 6840-X/6880-X

Access switching Backbone switching

Cisco Catalyst2960-X/XR Series




Cisco Catalyst 6807-XL/6500-E


Security


Cisco Catalyst 9000 family secures your network against breaches from within

Automated provisioning of NetFlow for Encrypted Traffic Analytics (ETA) with

Stealthwatch®

Automated traffic copy using Security Group Tag

(SGT)-based ERSPAN

Automated service insertion

Automated quarantine based on alert severity without VLAN, IP,

or firewall rule change

SD-AccessSegmented endpoints

Simplified, authenticated accessFull access context and visibility

Cisco DNACenter

Services

Capture traffic Redirect traffic Quarantine threatsDiscover suspicious

activity

Users Lighting system

Guests Bonjour service

Media Building control

Securing the device Securing network traffic Securing the applications

Cisco ISE

ETA Visibility Incident response Quarantine

Cisco Catalyst 9000 family


Extended Fast Software Upgrade

Extended Fast Software Upgrade

• xFSU provides a mechanism to independently update the control plane and data plane during the upgrade process

• Control plane is upgraded by leveraging Graceful Reload Infrastructure without impacting data plane traffic

• Data plane(ASIC) is re-programmed in less than 30 seconds by leveraging special cache memory which stores active forwarding entries


Fast Software Upgrade on Stack

SingleConsole/Management

A

S

M

M

#Install add file image activate reloadfast commit

Install

Install

Install

Install

1. Install the images on all switches

Traffic Impact during the complete upgrade is less than 30 seconds

S

M

M

SSOA

SSSO 2. Fast reload the standby and member switches

3. Fast reload the active switch only

4. Standby becomes the new active

5. Old Active switch becomes the new standby

IOS-XE 17.1


Application Hosting


Application Hosting Elements

Enables hosting docker containers and 3rd party apps

x86 CPU Linux-based OS Memory/Storage

Catalyst 9000


Application Hosting App Development - Docker

Native Docker App

C9K supports native Docker container starting from IOS-XE 16.12 release

• An open platform for developing, shipping & running applications

• Allow to package an application with all of its dependencies into a standardized unit

• Fast

• Secure

• Lightweight

• Open Source

• Simplify DevOps

• Version control capabilities


App Hosting from Cisco DNAC (v1.3.1)

Consistent Cisco DNA Center workflows

Enterprise Single Pane of Glass

Provisioning of multiple devices, Change management

App Lifecycle

DNAC Package Update required for App Hosting Workflow


Provisioned by Cisco DNA Center on-demand

Performs various test to check -Client Onboarding• 802.1x, Radius, Auth [TLS, PEAP], DHCP, etc.

Network & Server Reachability • ICMP Ping, IPSLA

Services Functionality• SMTP, FTP, HTTP

Quality Measurements • Packet Loss, Latency, Jitter, etc.

and many other uses …

Reports results to Cisco DNA Center to monitor from central Assurance dashboard

Wired Assurance - Client SensorEmulates a wired client for proactive monitoring and on-demand acceptance tests

Runs as Hosted App on C9300/9400 switches

2HCY20


UPOE+


NEW Catalyst 9400 90W UPOE+ Line CardHighest UPOE+ scale in industry to power latest intelligent devices

Cat5e/6

Catalyst 9400

• Up to 260* x 90W concurrent power

• IEEE 802.3bt standards compliant

• 48 x 1G Ports per line card

• Up to 8 x 3200W AC/DC PSU

Investment Protection with 90W UPoE+

*10-slot chassis w/o power redundancy. Subject to available PoE power budget in chassis

C9400-LC-48H

IOS-XE 16.12

New802.3bt*

Type 4 90W

UPOE+©

Cisco and partner cloud services for control

Large Video

Displays

Network

Powered Light arrays

90 Watt devices

Wall

switch

30 - 60 Watt devices

PTZ UHD Cameras HVAC VAV’s

New Devices

Cisco UPOE+©

(low voltage)


The BIGGEST

change in

20 years


From Mbps to Gbps

802.11 802.11n802.11b 802.11a/g802.11ac

Wave 1

802.11ac

Wave 2

3500**

2340**

1730**

290*

20162015

Gig

ab

it

Eth

ern

et

Up

link

2 G

igab

it

Eth

ern

et

Up

links

20132007200319991997

2 1124

54 65

450

300

1300*

290*

870*

5260**

3500**

600*

Dual

5GHz

Multig

igab

it

Up

links

© 2017 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Traditional 802.11 is Contention-Based

Listen & Wait

Sending

Listen & Wait

Listen & Wait

Listen & Wait

Listen & Wait

Access Point(also Listen & Wait)


802.11 Media Access Basics:

• Before transmission, all stations must first wait a predetermined time period called the Arbitrated InterFrame Space (AIFS)- difference for each QoS class

• Once the AIFSN timer has counted down to zero, a random backoff countdown timer (the Contention Window) is generated

• Once the counter counts down to zero, the frame is transmittedContention Window

Period (CW)

Time (t)

Medium is Busy

Begin Transmission

AIFSN ……….

SIFS

(16 μs)

Random Number of Time Slots

ACK is Sent

© 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

Every Wi-Fi Frame MUST be Ack’d, or Else, Retry

• How do you know the transmission got through okay? The receiving station must send an acknowledgment.

• If the first attempt didn’t work (no ACK received), double the previous CW size and pick a new random number.

• Keep doing this until the CW reaches a maximum size of 1023 slot times.

• How many times should the station keep trying?

• In Cisco APs, the maximum number of attempts is 64 before the frame is discarded.


What Happens When the Client Count Goes Up?

Wait

Wait

Wait

Wait

Wait

Wait

Wait

Wait

11ac

Sending

Wait


The Contention Breaking Point (802.11ac)(source: IEEE 802.11-15/0351r2)

As more clients associate

and transmit, WLAN

contention increases for

all clients, degrading

performance for all


Making

Wi-Fi

Great

Again

25Presentation ID


May 2013: The High Efficiency Wi-Fi Study Group Forms May 2014: TGax kicks off

http://www.ieee802.org/11/Reports/tgax_update.htm



802.11ax Task Group Chairs


Wi-Fi 6 – 802.11ax Enhancements

For your reference

Uplink and Downlink Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA): Increases network efficiency and lowers latency for high demand environments

Multi-User Multiple Input Multiple Output (MU-MIMO): allows more data to be transferred at once and enables an access point to transmit to a larger number of concurrent clients at once

Parallel processing: enables greater capacity by allowing MU-MIMO and OFDMA to function in parallel and then adding channel reuse with BSS coloring

1024 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Mode (1024-QAM): increases throughput in Wi-Fi devices by encoding more data in the same amount of spectrum + 160MHz channels

Target Wake Time (TWT): significantly improves battery life in Wi-Fi devices, such as Internet of Things (IoT) devices

Packet latencyimprovements

Channel ReuseWith BSS Color

Parallel transmissions

Faster Speed moreRadios and 1024 QAM

Better Battery Life

Wi-Fi 5 was about “VHT” Very High Throughput

Wi-Fi 6 is about HIGH EFFICIENCY WIRELESS “HEW”


• Each Station occupies the whole channel for it’s transmission time, regardless of how much of the actual spectrum is actually being used (very inefficient)

Legacy Wi-Fi’s Problem - One Client at a time

Frequency

Subcarriers

Single STA

packet

time STA 1

STA 2

STA 3

STA 4


802.11ax / Uses OFDMAOrthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access

• With 802.11ax, a single wireless channel is sub-divided into Resource Units (RUs) that allow more than one station to communicate at a time

• Multiple STAs get to transmit at the SAME TIME – maximizing available bandwidth for each timeslot!

Frequency

Subcarriers

time STA 1

STA 2

STA 3

STA 4


Downlink MIMO with 8 Spatial Streams

Spatial Streams enable simultaneous cconnections and now for both UL & DL

Device Device Device Device

11ac (4 Spatial Streams) 11ax (8 Spatial Streams)



Simultaneous Downlink

Simultaneous Downlink +

Uplink


• AP checks which STAs can send together • AP sends a trigger frame and STAs respond all at the same time• Like a track and field race – when the judge fires the gun, all runners start

running

How Does Uplink Multi-User MIMO Work?

STAs

Trigger frame

STAs

STAs

STAs


Buffer Status Report Polling (BSRP) (Figuring out how many RUs to Assign)

STAs

STAs

STAs

Trigger 1

BSRPAIF

S

SIF

S

STAs

BSR

BSR

BSR

BSR

Trigger 2

MU-RTSSIF

S

SIF

S

CTS

CTS

CTS

CTS

Trigger 3

TriggerSIF

S

SIF

S

UL-PPDU

UL-PPDU

UL-PPDU

UL-PPDU

Multi-STA

Block AckSIF

S


Target Wake Time (TWT)802.11ax for Battery-Powered IoT

AP

STA1

STA2

Sleep

Sleep

Sleep

STA1 Wake time All

Wake

timebeacon trigger Frame

Frame Frame

Frame

beacon

• With Target Wake Time (TWT), AP can let STAs sleep for long durations (battery saved),

set per STA or group of STAs

• By using the same scaling factor as 802.11ah, 11ax allows STAs to sleep up to 5 years


Summary of 802.11ax Features for IOT

Frequency

Single STA

packet

time

• 2MHz RU, 375 kbps

(improves link

budget by 8dB,

improves range)

• Dual Sub-Carrier

Modulation

(DCM)

• Target Wake Time (TWT) • Supported in both 2.4

and 5.8 GHz bands

• Long Sleep allowed

(up to 5 years) • Flexible Guard Intervals

(good for outdoors)

• OFDMA / MU-MIMO


BSS ColoringBasic service set “BSS” and overlapping basic service set “OBSS”

• 802.11ax moves back into the 2.4 GHz spectrum – there are only 3 non-overlapping channels!

• In 5.8 GHz, if you use 160MHz channels, you only have 2 non-overlapping channels – big problem!

• Wi-Fi6 introduces BSS Colours – Each AP uses a “colour” for it’s BSS.

• Even if there are multiple overlapping BSSs, the colour will help distinguish one from the from the other

BSS 1 OBSS BSS 2



1024 QAM – 25% Increase in PHY Data Rate

MCS Rate Spatial Streams

Required Signal

MCS11 1 -64dBm

MCS11 2 -61dBm

MCS11 3 -60dBm

MCS11 4 -59dBm

Going Fast (MCS11) Requires Good Signals ->


.11ax data-rate chart for 1 spatial streamNew 1024 QAM introduces a 25% performance in throughput with single Radio

For your reference

Up to 1.2Gb with 1 radio, up to 10 Gb* with 8 radios @ 160 MHz

*Devices were presented at CES 2018 with a top speed of 11Gbit/s 1Source https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11ax

MCS Index Modulation type Coding Rate

Data rate (in Mb/s)

20 MHz channels 40 MHz channels 80 MHz channels 160 MHz channels

1600 ns GI 800 ns GI 1600 ns GI 800 ns GI 1600 ns GI 800 ns GI 1600 ns GI 800 ns GI

0 BPSK 1/2 41 8.6 81 17.2 171 36 341 361

1 QPSK 1/2 16 17.2 33 34.4 68 72.1 136 144

2 QPSK 3/4 24 25.8 49 51.6 102 108.1 204 216

3 16-QAM 1/2 33 34.4 65 68.8 136 144.1 272 282

4 16-QAM 3/4 49 51.6 98 103.2 204 216.2 408 432

5 64-QAM 2/3 65 68.8 130 137.6 272 288.2 544 576

6 64-QAM 3/4 73 77.4 146 154.9 306 324.4 613 649

7 64-QAM 5/6 81 86 163 172.1 340 360.3 681 721

8 256-QAM 3/4 98 103.2 195 206.5 408 432.4 817 865

9 256-QAM 5/6 108 114.7 217 229.4 453 480.4 907 961

10 1024-QAM 3/4 122 129 244 258.1 510 540.4 1021 1081

11 1024-QAM 5/6 135 143.4 271 286.8 567 600.5 1134 1201

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11ax

© 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Distributor Confidential

Wi-Fi 6 is happening now

Fixed Wireless begins

Fixed Wireless in curb to

home/ SMBs (5G WAN)

Massive mainstream 5G

NR roll-outs

Carrier rollout in select cities in US, Japan,

China

Ubiquitous in all major cities in US, EMEA, Japan, China

First clients

First APs

Full-featured APs

Massive proliferation

of clients

Wi-Fi 6

5G

Timeline to reach technology & ecosystem maturity

2023 and beyond2018 20202019 2021 2022


Wi-Fi 6 Certification in process (10-30-2019)


What Else

Are We Up

To?

44Presentation ID


Unlicensed operation in two groupings of Sub-bands

• 5.925-6.425 GHz and 6.525-6.825 Require AFC (Automatic Frequency Coordination) system control

• 6.425-6.525 and 6.875 – 7.125 GHz Indoor Use Only

• Will not be strictly Wi-Fi, all 5G services will weigh in

Incumbent Services Include

• AFC Bands• Fixed Satellite Systems and Point to Point

Microwave Links• AFC would assign unused/registered

ranges• A DFS Style detection would be required

– Automatic registry too• Non-Wi-Fi services = CleanAir!

• Non AFC Bands• Mobile Broadcast Services

*Tomorrow? 6 GHz Bands = 1200 MHz

*roadmap – at least 18-24 months before hardware appears


FCC Mid-Band Proceeding

https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DOC-354692A1.pdf

https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DOC-354692A1.pdf


Feedback to ISED promoting alignment with FCC

Cisco commends ISED for taking this critical step towards releasing new spectrum. As Cisco has long advised, the demands on radio spectrum in the digital age are unprecedented.

A confluence of four factors – faster network speeds (wired and wireless), proliferation of devices and device types, device capability, and the rising tide of video as the preferred application of consumers and business – has created a strong need for regulators to proactively tee up new spectrum bands for allocation, and, if applicable, assignment.


• Apple, Intel, Samsung, Microsoft, Broadcom, Qualcomm, Zebra, Vocera, Spectralink

• Early code visibility, exchange of prototypes

• Integrated new use cases into R&D labs

• Cisco and vendors interlock

• Engineering Teams – Bi-weekly

• TAC Teams – Bi-monthly

Vendor Interop Testing


Wireless Test Labs

AP SIT - Core

Enterprise Testbed

High Density TestbedEducation Testbed


Wireless Controller Stress & Performance Labs Richardson, TX


High-Density Client Test- ResultsCisco Wi-Fi 6 vs Cisco Wave 2 APs

Cisco 9100 series APs has clear advantage over Cisco Wave 2 APs

Cisco 9120AX overperforms Cisco

AP2800 by 25%


Learning Resources

52Presentation ID


The IEEE 802.11ax Task Group (TGax)




Cisco Wi-Fi 6 White Paper

https://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en/us/products/collateral/wireless/white-paper-c11-740788.pdf

https://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en/us/products/collateral/wireless/white-paper-c11-740788.pdf


Wireless LAN Professionals Youtube Channel


National Instruments: Introduction to 802.11ax

https://www.ni.com/en-ie/innovations/white-papers/16/introduction-to-802-11ax-high-efficiency-wireless.html

https://www.ni.com/en-ie/innovations/white-papers/16/introduction-to-802-11ax-high-efficiency-wireless.html


Wi-Fi Alliance Wi-Fi 6 Certification Program

https://www.wi-fi.org/discover-wi-fi/wi-fi-certified-6

https://www.wi-fi.org/discover-wi-fi/wi-fi-certified-6

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