campus water - caltech...
TRANSCRIPT
Campus Water:Consumption and Conservation
9 June 2015
Town Hall
Agenda• State and local challenges: supply,
demand and regulations
• Campus consumption trends
• Utility plant usage
• Domestic usage
• Irrigation usage
• Conservation options
9 June 2015
Water Conservation Resource Fair
11am – 1pmGlanville Courtyard
2
Outcomes• Increased awareness
• Understand how Caltech is responding to State and local regulations?
• What additional actions should be taken in response to this challenge?
• Be vigilant – report issues & suggestionscomments/suggestions:
report leaks/maintenance issues:access.caltech.edu (Facilities Service Request)
9 June 20153
9 June 20154
Statewide Annual Water Use
Wild Rivers (23 MAF)
Agriculture (34 MAF)
Urban(9 MAF)
Other Environmental
(14 MAF)
industrial & commercial (2.4)
all other crops (~7)
lettuce (1.3)grapes (1.6)
fruit (2)
cotton (2.3)
corn (1.7)
almonds (2.1)
rice (2.7)pasture (3.3)alfalfa (5.3)
recreational rivers (7.2)
Sacramento Delta (5.6)
wetlands (1.6)
0.0006 MAF
1 acre foot = 325,853 gallons
0.032 MAF
Adapted from S. Alexander http://slatestarcodex.com/2015/05/11/california-water-you-doing/
6.6 MAFfocus of current state restrictions
80million
acre feet(MAF)
Pasadena
Caltech
domestic uses (2.8)irrigation (3.8)
(approximate capacity of the Braun pool)
5
Pasadena Water Sources
40%local groundwater & surface diversions 60%
Colorado River Aqueduct from MWD
Caltech = 2% of Pasadena water consumption
Raymond Basin1 MAF Capacity
Arroyo SecoEaton Canyon
2014 SourcesWater delivery from the Sate Water Project
(historically 20%) is currently restricted
9 June 20156
Regulatory Timeline1 April
Governor issues Executive Order B-29-15 mandates 25% reduction in potable urban water use statewide with a focus on potable water use in residential irrigation
5 MayState Water Resources Control Board adopts mandatory water conservation regulationsrequired PWP to reduce potable urban water use by 28% from 2013 baseline
1 JunePasadena Water & Power implements local water use restrictions to achieve 28% reductionLevel 2 water restrictions + additional measures are currently inforce
? Additional restrictions may be implemented based on progress toward 28% goal
9 June 20157
Pasadena Water Shortage LevelsWater Shortage Level Description Implementation Year
Level 1summer irrigation:winter irrigation:leak repair:
3 days/week1 day/week72 hrs
July 2014
Level 2
summer irrigation:winter irrigation:leak repair:ornamental ponds:
2 days/week1 day/week48 hrsempty
June 2015
Level 3
summer irrigation:winter irrigation:leak repair:ornamental ponds:
1 days/week1 day/week36 hrsempty
August 2015
(if 15% reduction not achieved by 31 July)
Level 4
summer irrigation:winter irrigation:leak repair:ornamental ponds:pools:water service:
no irrigationno irrigation24 hrsemptyemptyno new service
unknown
9 June 20158
Current Pasadena Restrictions• Outdoor watering 2 days per week on Tuesday and Saturday
(exemptions: drip irrigation systems or systems emitting less than 2 gals/hr)• No water outdoors between 9am – 6pm except with hose with shutoff nozzle• No watering during rain and 48 hours after rain• No excessive water flow onto pavement or gutters• No washing down paved surfaces unless for safety and sanitation• No washing vehicles except with hose with shutoff nozzle• No filling of ornamental fountains, lakes or ponds• Leaks must be repaired within 48 hours of receiving a notice from PWP• Restaurants may not serve drinking water unless by patron’s request• Restaurants must use water saving dish spray valves• Hotels must give guest the option to decline daily linen changes• No installation of single pass cooling systems• All master-metered multifamily properties must install low-flow showerheads and
aerators
9 June 20159
Residential Gallons per Capita Day (R-GPCD)
Region R-GPCD & % Reduction:Los Angeles 91 16%Glendale 107 20%South Pasadena 131 28%Altadena 137 28%Pasadena 139 28%San Marino 157 28%Sierra Madre 214 32%Arcadia 318 36%La Canada 401 36%
State Water Resources Control Board Appropriate
Indoor Water Use:
55 R-GPCD
9 June 201510
Campus Consumption Trends
2014water cost:$1.1M
-
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
gallo
ns (m
illion
s)
fiscal year
central & satellite plants building domestic irrigation
$5.80/1,000 gals
200,000,000 gallons could cover the campus in 5 feet of water
37%
9 June 201511
2014 Campus Usage200M gallons
building cooling
+power
generation
*blowdown is the discharge of water with high mineral concentration to control water chemistry
*
9 June 201512
Domestic UsageAdministration &
Auxiliaries• Plumbing fixtures• Kitchen appliances• Student housing• Gymnasiums• Water features
Laboratories• Lab equipment• Research water (DI/RO)• Single pass cooling• Cage washers• Drain quench
Typical office(130 sqft)
1ᵒ 390 gals/yr
Typical lab(400 sqft)
1ᵒ 7600 gals/yr
Space Cooling / Water Nexus
≈ ≈
9 June 201513
LEED* Buildings• 10% of campus sqft (9 buildings)• 30% more water efficient than code• Installed recycled water infrastructure
(purple pipe)• Climate adapted landscape• Storm water management• L+R: 40,000 gal cistern for irrigation
*Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design 9 June 201514
Campus Water FeaturesWater Feature Capacity
(gallons) Empty Notes
Braun pool 371,300 recirculating, filter backflush
Alumni pool 253,100 recirculating, filter backflush
Millikan reflecting pool 40,000 Y recirculating
Throop pond 34,100 recirculating, biological habitat
Beckman Behavior Biology pond 22,400 non-recirculating, biological habitat
Beckman Institute gene pool 20,000 Y recirculating
Baxter pond 16,700 non-recirculating, biological habitat
Watson Lab fountain 13,500 Y recirculating
Beckman Auditorium fountains 2,000 Y non-recirculating, fill & drain for events
Athletics spa 1,500 recirculating, filter backflush
SUG courtyard fountain 600 Y recirculating, currently empty
Linde+Robinson California Blvd fountain 600 recirculating, recycled water from cistern
Linde+Robinson Perception fountain 500 Y recirculating
Beckman Institute courtyard fountain 500 Y recirculating
Moore Lab fountains 300 Y recirculating
Parsons Gates, Dabney, 415 S. Hill, Athenaeum 200 Y recirculating
Total 777,300
Water Use: 1 square foot of pool/pond = 1 square foot of lawn(California Urban Water Conservation Council)15
Landscape Irrigation - Perception
Princeton University
Arizona State University
vs9 June 201516
Landscape Irrigation - Perception
17
Land Use Portfolio
125 acres
5%vegetated (non turf)
fescue(Olive Walk)
bermuda(Beckman
Institute lawn)
uc verde buffalo(Annenberg)
high water use turf = 20gal/sf/yr
low water use turf = 15gal/sf/yr
39%hardscape
22%building footprint
34%turf cover
26%high water
use turf
74%low water use turf
9 June 201518
Campus Trees• 2900 trees on campus• 570 (20%) require regular watering:
– Coast redwoods, Chinese elm, Tipuana, Magnolias, Ficus, Mexican fan palm
• 158 Redwoods– 5 dead, to be removed (Catalina, Braun,
Steele, Watson)
Conservation Actions• Mulching• Supplemental watering• Application of fertilizer and fungicides
9 June 201519
Utility Plant Conservation OptionsAutomated water chemistry control & testing(pilot underway)
Industrial waste water treatment & recycling(reuse in plant or for irrigation)
Cooling tower improvements (efficiency upgrades)
DI/RO system replacement & upgrade
Steam condensate return(upgrade in progress)
Campus chilled water loop(reduce tower load through interconnection)
Campus repowering(reassess generation & utility system)Central Plant cooling towers
9 June 201520
Domestic Conservation Options
Empty campus water features(excluding ponds with biota)
Change temperature set points (1ᵒ = 3-19 gals/sqft/yr)
Fixture replacement(expand retrofit program)
Building Condensate capture(new reclaimed water system)
Grey water treatment & reuse(on-site treatment & storage)
Lab single pass cooling(chilled water NESLAB upgrade)
9 June 201521
Irrigation Conservation OptionsStop non-essential irrigation(tree preservation required)
Landscape conversion(expedite per landscape master plan)
Athletic turf replacement(improved playability)
22
Water Conservation ProjectsProject Timing Relative Cost Relative Water Savings
Empty campus water features ImmediateChange temperature set-points 1ᵒ F ImmediateAutomated water chemistry control & testing ImmediateEliminate non-essential turf irrigation ImmediateCover athletic pools Short-termReplace lab single pass cooling Short-termFixture replacement Short-termTurf conversion Short-termPool filter water treatment and recycling Medium-termCooling tower improvements Medium-termDI/RO system upgrades Medium-termAthletic turf replacement Medium-termBuilding condensate capture Long-termIndustrial waste water treatment & recycling Long-termGrey water treatment & reuse Long-termSteam condensate return Long-termCampus chilled water loop Long-termCampus repowering Long-term
< $250K$250K - $1M$1M - $5M> $5M
< 50K Gallons/Year50K - 1M G/Y1M - 5M G/Y> 5M G/Y
/ Acre / Acre
/ Acre/ Acre
Discussion
sustainability.caltech.edu
9 June 201524
Turf Valuation
acres of turf eliminated since 2006
6
9 June 201525
Braun Pool Renovation
9 June 201526
Campus Pilot Projects
SkyWellatmospheric water generator
CoolPlanetbiochar soil amendment
9 June 201527