can cloud computing and optical networking sthpl t?save ... - can cloud computing and... · 01 1...
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Can Cloud Computing Can Cloud Computing and Optical Networking and Optical Networking
S th Pl t?S th Pl t?Save the Planet?Save the Planet?
Rod Tucker, Jayant Baliga, Robert Ayre, Kerry Hinton
ARC Special Research Centre for Ultra-Broadband Information Networks (CUBIN)
University of Melbourne
Cloud ComputingCloud Computing
What do the following have in common?
• Happiness• Love• Marketing Hype• Recession• Cloud Computingp g
They all mean different things to different people
SummarySummaryCloud Computing as a Logistics ProblemCloud Computing as a Logistics Problem
Key elements of logistics
• Processing• Storage Energy costsStorage• Transport
Energy costs
Cloud Computing Energy ModelCloud Computing Energy ModelComputer,
StorageServers, Storage
Enterprise Data Center
PON Access Network
Core NetworkOLT
Splitter ONU
FiberProcessors PON Access Network
Broadband Network G
CoreRouter
Total Energy
Edge Routers
GatewaysOXC Total Energy Consumption =
Energy/bit used in
M t /Ed N t k
EthernetSwitch
Servers,
• Storage• Transport• Processing
Metro/Edge NetworkProcessors
StoragePublic Data Center
XTotal number of bits
CloudPublic Data Center
Network Energy ModelNetwork Energy Model
100020092009
nJ)
100pe
r bit
(n
10
Ene
rgy
0 1
1
0 01
0.1
0.01Optical
AmpPoS WDMTx/Rx
EthernetSwitch
CoreRouter
PONONU
(10 Mb/s)
Server
Data Centre Energy ModelData Centre Energy Model
Servers430 nJ/b
Edge Router26 nJ/b 430 nJ/b26 nJ/b
Storage8 pW/bp
[29 nJ/hr/b]LAN – 2 stages of aggregation
using Ethernet switchesWatts not Joules
g
Baliga et al., OThT6
User Hardware Energy ModelUser Hardware Energy Model
• End user computer:
– High Energy Use Desktop 140 Watts• Eg. Intel Quad-core, or older P4, mid-range graphics
– Modern mid-range Desktop 70 Watts• Eg. Intel Core Duo 2.5 GHz, 2 GB RAM, mid-range graphics
– Low-end Desktop/Thin Client 18 Watts • Eg. Intel Atom 1.6 GHz, 2 GB RAM, chipset-based graphicsg , , p g p
– Ignore monitor (LCD/CRT) energy consumption • This will be similar in all our comparisons
Outsource to Cloud or Oversize Computer?Outsource to Cloud or Oversize Computer?Should I use a low-end Computer & Outsource Jobs
Computing Resource
Service Center Outsource jobs
Metro/Edge Network
Access Network
Low energy consumption.consumption.
OR
Use a high-end computer that
- OR -
g pcan handle any of my jobs
But high energy consumption even for light jobsfor light jobs
Consider Three ScenariosConsider Three Scenarios
1. Software-as-a-Service– Stored on user’s computer with updates downloaded regularly
• Eg current anti-virus software model extended to mainstream applications, MS Update (weekly patch) model
2 S i B2. Service Bureau– Most tasks done on lower end user machine,
outsource the “big” jobs
3. Computing-as-a-Service– Hosted and run on provider’s computer “farm” with data initiallyHosted and run on provider s computer farm with data initially
uploaded from user• User data may be hosted or locally stored• Like enterprise “Thin Client” modelLike enterprise Thin Client model
Can cloud computing save energy ?
1. Software1. Software--asas--aa--ServiceService
Service Center
I want to use the Word
ProcessorData
Center Processor Mid-range Computer
Metro/Edge Network
Access Network
Software as a Service• Software maintenanceSoftware-as-a-Service
1. Software1. Software--asas--aa--ServiceService
Service CenterData
Center
Here is the latest version or patch
Mid-range Computer
Metro/Edge Network
Access Network
Software as a Service• Software maintenanceSoftware-as-a-Service
2. 2. Service BureauService Bureau
Here is my raw Service CenterComputing
Resource
video footage and edit
commands
Mid-range Computer
Metro/Edge Network
Access Network
Service Bureau Hardware & SoftwareService Bureau – Hardware & Software
•Service Bureau for “Big” Jobs
2. 2. Service BureauService Bureau
Service CenterComputing
Resource
Here is your DVD Image
Mid-range Computer
Metro/Edge Network
Access Network
Service Bureau Hardware & SoftwareService Bureau – Hardware & Software
•Service Bureau for “Big” Jobs
3. Computing3. Computing--asas--aa--ServiceService
Service CenterEnterprise
Server
Metro/Edge Network
Access Network
Here is the new data for my spreadsheetp
Computing (Hardware and Software-as-Low-end or
“Thin Client” C t
•Centralised Storage and Processing
Computing (Hardware and Software-as-a-Service)
Computer
3. 3. ComputingComputing--asas--aa--ServiceService
Service CenterEnterprise
Server
Metro/Edge Network
Access Network
Here is the output file to
print or e-mail
Computing (Hardware and Software-as-
p
•Centralised Storage and Processing
Computing (Hardware and Software-as-a-Service) Low-end or
“Thin Client” C tComputer
1. Software1. Software--asas--aa--Service ExampleService Example
• Energy impact of the
Store on Local Disk or in the Cloud?Store on Local Disk or in the Cloud?
gy p“Software as a Service” & “Storage as a Service” models
Service Centre
Data Centre
• Compare the energy cost to store & transport 50 MB bl k t th
AccessNetworkMetro
Network
blocks to the user, cf. store on local drive
U i 1GB d 5GB “ l d” t• Users require 1GB and 5GB “cloud” storage
1. Software1. Software--asas--aa--Service ExampleService Example
Storage of application & data “in the cloud” compared with storing on a local disk.50 MBytes per download. Modern laptop-style HDD 20% read/write and 80% idle.
Store on Local Disk or in the Cloud?Store on Local Disk or in the Cloud?
50 MBytes per download. Modern laptop style HDD 20% read/write and 80% idle.
100
)
10
ptio
n (W
)
Transport energy dominates
L l HDD
1
Con
sum
p Local HDD
0.1
Pow
er C
1 GB Cloud Storage5 GB Cloud Storage
0.010.01 0.1 1 10 100
D l d H
1 GB Cloud Storage
Downloads per Hour
2. Service Bureau Example2. Service Bureau ExampleComputer used for 20 hrs/week, plus some video encoding of ½ hour videos
160
180on
, W Older Computer
Transport
100
120
140
nsum
ptio
Mid-range Computer
Transport energy dominates
60
80
100
Pow
er C
on
20
40
60
Ave
rage
P
Low-end Computer & outsourcing
00 20 40 60 80 100 120
Number of Encodings per Week
A
Number of Encodings per Week
3. Computing3. Computing--asas--aa--Service ExampleService Example
• Office situation
Thin Client or Small PC in Office?Thin Client or Small PC in Office?
• Office situation– non-intensive tasks,
• Should this office deploy:
Service Center
Enterprise Server
Should this office deploy:– a low-end machine per user
OR “dumb, thin clients”? Metro/Edge Network
Access Network
• Commonly, thin client would receive and display HTML formatted data from the server
Thi li t bilit b li it d t di l i• Thin client capability may be limited to displaying bitmaps developed from its server
3. Computing3. Computing--asas--aa--Service ExampleService Examplent
(W)
Thin Client compared to Small PC in OfficeThin Client compared to Small PC in Office
5
7.5
Thin
Clie
n
“local” server
2.5
g us
ing
T
Distant Server
-2.5
0
wer
Sav
ing
1% 2% 5% 10%
% of screen area updated
-50 1 2 3 4 5
Pow
area updated per secondAverage Bitrate for Screen Refresh Mb/s
Thin client solution “green” only when the server is localThin client solution green only when the server is local
SummarySummary
• Cloud Storage and Cloud Computing can provide energy savings– More so for less-demanding users– For handling the occasional intensive task
• But...– Advantages may be lost when data transfer is large– This is where optical networking needs to come to the
rescue
Cl d C ti t th l t• Cloud Computing may not save the planet….– But if used appropriately, it could help to mitigate the
growth in energy consumption in our industryg gy p y– A classical Logistics problem