can delta smelt survive the chtr phase of the fish salvage … · 2010-07-22 · chtr 4 93.8 85.7 -...
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Jerry MorinakaBay Delta Region
California Department of Fish and GameStockton, California
CALFEDBAY-DELTAPROGRAM
Can Delta Smelt Survive the CHTR Phase of the Fish Salvage Facilities?
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MontezumaSlough
River
Stockton
N
S
W E
Sacram
ento Riv
er
Joaquin
Rio Vista
Antioch
MokelumneRiver
ByronJ.E. Skinner Delta
Fish Protective Facility
Horseshoe Bend release site
Curtis Landing release site
Brentwood
Walnut Grove
San
Harvey O. BanksPumping Plant
Clifton CourtForebay
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HOLDINGTANKS
Diagram of the John E. Skinner Delta Fish Protective Facility
8
7
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4
3
2
1
OLD HOLDING TANK BUILDING
NEW SECONDARY CHANNEL
PRIMARY CHANNELPRIMARY LOUVERS
OLD SECONDARY CHANNEL
NEW HOLDING TANK BUILDING
TO BANKSPUMPING PLANT
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What is CHTR?
• Start: holding tank
Components of the CHTR Phase1. Draining
• Collection, handling, transport and release
2. Removing3. Loading4. Transporting5. Releasing
• End: release
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Study Objectives
Measure the acute mortality and injury rates of adult and juvenile delta smelt exposed to the existing CHTR phase of the salvage operations at the SWP’s Skinner Fish Facility
• Diel period• Key environmental and operational conditions
• Wild delta smelt• Components of the existing CHTR phase
Diel period
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Methods• Cultured adult and juvenile delta smelt were used for
injection experiments
• Conducted injection experiments on a modified schedule
• Exposed the delta smelt to two different treatmentsCH – Collection and handlingCHTR – Collection, handling, transport and release
• Recovered the test fish and held these fish for 48 hourspost-treatment
• Injected known numbers of adult and juvenile delta smeltinto a holding tank at the Skinner Fish Facility
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Methods• Cultured adult and juvenile delta smelt were used for
injection experiments
• Conducted injection experiments on a modified schedule
• Exposed the delta smelt to two different treatmentsCH – Collection and handlingCHTR – Collection, handling, transport and release
• Recovered the test fish and held these fish for 48 hourspost-treatment
• Injected known numbers of adult and juvenile delta smeltinto a holding tank at the Skinner Fish FacilityUCD FCCL
Skinner Fish FacilityPrimary Louvers
CHTR TestFacility
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2005 Study Schedule
DEC 04
JAN 05FEB 05
MAR 05
APR 05
MAY 05
JUN 05
JUL 05
AUG 05
Adults Juveniles
2006 Study Schedule
DEC 05
JAN 06FEB 06
MAR 06
APR 06
MAY 06
JUN 06
JUL 06
AUG 06
Adults Juveniles
Completion of CHTR test facility
2005 – all trials conducted with only delta smelt in holding tank
2006 – all trials involved injecting delta smelt into tanks with salvaged fish and debris
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Marked
Not Marked
Calcein Marked Adult Delta Smelt
Juvenile Delta Smelt
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Drain
Loading Bay
Cylindrical Holding Tank Screen
Holding Tank
2,500-GallonFish Truck
500-Gallon Loading Bucket
Collection and Handling Treatment
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CH Treatment – simulating the truck loading process
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CHTR Treatment – loading the fish truck
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CHTR Treatment – fish truck returning from the fish haul
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CHTR Treatment – releasing transported fish into pool
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CHTR Treatment – recovering fish from release pool
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CH and CHTR Treatments – holding fish for 48 hours
Control
Treatment
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Dorsal Zone
Caudal Zone
Fish Injury Assessment
Ventral Zone • Fins• Head• Eyes• Skin
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Dorsal Zone
Caudal Zone
Fish Injury Assessment
Ventral Zone
Scale Loss
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ResultsAdult Delta Smelt Recovery
• Observed predation in 5 “CH” and 3 “CHTR” trials in 2006
Year Treatment No. of Trials (N)
Mean No. of Fish
Recovered (%) Range (%)
Control 10 100 100 CH 6 96.3 85.7 – 100 2005
CHTR 4 93.8 85.7 - 100 Control 45 100 100
CH 32 91.6 21.7 – 100 2006 CHTR 13 89.6 26.1 - 100
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ResultsAdult Delta Smelt 48 Hr. Survival
Significant differenceCH and Control
CHTR and Control
No significant differenceCH and CHTR
2006
Year Treatment No. of Trials (N)
Treatment Mean 48 Hr. Survival (%)
Range (%)
Control 10 98.7 91.3 - 100 CH 6 88.0 76.9 – 100 2005
CHTR 4 86.9 84.6 - 100 Control 45 99.7 94.4 - 100
CH 32 80.6 9.5 – 100 2006 CHTR 13 78.0 18.2 - 100
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Results (continued)Predation observed during adult 2006 CH and CHTR trials
2006 No. of Trials Observed Mortalities
Predation Mortalities
8 Trials (5 “CH” and 3 “CHTR”) 38
Immediate, 24 Hr. and 48 Hr.
Mortalities
45 Trials (32 “CH”, 13 “CHTR”) 29
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Results (continued)Adult Delta Smelt Injury
Year Group Fish Injured by Type of Injury (%) Head Eyes Skin Fins
QC 2.6 0.0 0.0 5.3 Control 0.8 0.0 0.0 6.7
CH 0.0 0.0 2.9 13.5 2005
CHTR 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.5 QC 1.1 4.6 2.8 41.1
Control 3.4 1.9 3.4 33.3 CH 0.5 1.1 4.9 34.6
2006
CHTR 6.7 2.7 6.7 41.2
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Results (continued)
Adult Delta Smelt Scale Loss
Year Group Fish (N)
Mean Descaling (% of body)
QC 38 0.1 Control 58 0.1
CH 35 0.1 2005
CHTR 24 0.3 QC 176 0.4
Control 264 0.4 CH 184 0.6
2006
CHTR 75 0.6
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Results (continued)
• Wild adult delta smelt collected during the 2006 trials:CH = 20CHTR = 9
Wild Adult Delta Smelt Survival
Wild Adult Delta Smelt Injury and Scale Loss
Treatment Mean Percent of Fish Injured
Mean Descaling (% of body)
CH 40 3.39 CHTR 44 2.61
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Results (continued)Juvenile Delta Smelt Recovery
Year Treatment No. of Trials (N)
Mean No. of Fish
Recovered (%) Range (%)
Control 21 100 100 CH 13 86.2 63.2 – 100 2005
CHTR 8 72.7 50.0 – 88.9 Control 22 100 100
CH 15 86.6 69.4 – 100 2006 CHTR 7 88.8 57.9 - 100
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Results (continued)Juvenile Delta Smelt 48 Hr. Survival
Year Treatment No. of Trials (N)
Treatment Mean 48 Hr. Survival (%)
Range (%)
Control 21 82.0 43.5 - 100 CH 13 57.0 27.8 – 94.4 2005
CHTR 8 37.4 5.6 – 83.3
Significant differenceCH and Control
No significant differenceCHTR and Control
CH and CHTR
2005
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Results (continued)Juvenile Delta Smelt 48 Hr. Survival
Year Treatment No. of Trials (N)
Treatment Mean 48 Hr. Survival (%)
Range (%)
Control 21 82.0 43.5 - 100 CH 13 57.0 27.8 – 94.4 2005
CHTR 8 37.4 5.6 – 83.3 Control 22 85.9 52.2 - 100
CH 15 50.9 16.7 – 77.8 2006 CHTR 7 57.9 10.5 – 80.6
Significant differenceCH and Control
CHTR and Control
No significant differenceCH and CHTR
2006
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Results (continued)Juvenile Delta Smelt Injury
Year Group Fish Injured by Type of Injury (%) Head Eyes Skin Fins
QC 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.4 Control 0.8 0.0 0.0 14.3
CH 0.0 0.0 0.0 26.9 2005
CHTR 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.0 QC 0.0 0.0 1.1 17.0
Control 0.0 0.0 0.7 11.6 CH 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.6
2006
CHTR 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.5
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Results (cont’d)
Relationship Between Survival and Environmental Variables
• 2005 adult trialsStrong relationship● DO level in release pool
• 2006 adult trialsModerate relationships● Skinner holding tank water temperature● Fish truck (post-fish haul) DO level
• 2005 juvenile trialsModerate relationship● Release pool water clarity
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Conclusions• Adult delta smelt can survive the existing CHTR phase
at relatively high rates during their entrainment season,however, various factors can influence their survival
• Juvenile delta smelt survival is highly variable when exposed to the existing CHTR phase during theirentrainment season
• Facility design can have an influence on the survival of adult and juvenile delta smelt during the CHTR phase
• Survival and injury rates for adult and juvenile deltasmelt were not significantly different between theCH and CHTR treatments
• Wild adult delta smelt survive the existing CHTRphase relatively well
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Acknowledgements• CALFED Bay-Delta Program & IEP
• California Department of Fish and GameBob Fujimura, Geir Aasen, Virginia Afentoulis, Ramiro Soto,Gary Webb, Derek Stein, Robert Vincik, Jason Dubois, Mike Garcia,Talia Gruen, Michael Holt, Caley Costello, Nancy Rosulek, Nick Cuevas,Justin Graham, Jen Messineo, Bryan Crouch, Roxanne Kesseler,Jamie Gannon, Kevin Fleming, Phil Law
• U.S. Bureau of ReclamationBrent Bridges, Bradd Bridges, Rene Reyes, Ron Silva, Johnson Wang,Brandon Wu, Mark Bowen
• Department of Water ResourcesDon Kurosaka, Rhett Cotter, Jim Odom, Skinner Fish Facility Staff
• University of California, Davis FCCLJoan Lindberg, Luke Ellison, Theresa Rettinghouse, Amber Walker
• U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Lamar, PAJerre Mohler