can design be taught? - university of minnesotawkdurfee/presentations/can-design-be-taught.pdf ·...
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HUMAN/MACHINE DESIGN LABDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Minnesota(www.me.umn.edu/labs/hmd/)
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Activation Dynamics (2nd order)
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Force
Passive Element
Active Element
Muscle mechanics
Haptic interfaces for virtual product prototyping, smart knobs for cars
• Stimulated Muscles = Power • Brace = Trajectory guidance • Brake = Control, stability
Rehabiliation engineering-Tele-rehabilitation-Stroke rehab-Driving simulators
Human assist machines-Compact power sources-Powered exoskeletons-Natural control
Smart orthotics + electrical stimulation for gait restoration
Medical device design-Evaluation of surgical tools
Some provocative statements(for an academic)
Design defines the engineerDesign deserves its place as a legitimate activity in a universityTeaching design is different from teaching engineering sciencesWe don’t do a good job producing design leadersFaculty must do designI enjoy design
Face the facts
Most of your students go on to industryIndustry wants good designersEngineering sciences tasks are now done by specialists or computersYou can’t do professional training in 4 years, so you might as well turn out some good designers
A successful design programrequires:
Buy-in from the topBuy-in/participation from a critical mass of facultyFaculty are rewardedMultiple opportunities for students (DaC)Industry/client participation Connections to researchAccess to resourcesA buzz
Typical design courses
Intro to design(frosh/soph)
Capstone design(senior)
Projects in a course(all levels)
Graduate product design
Design is...
A processAbility to think about the systemAbility to gather informationPractical fabrication knowledgePlanning
Basic designThe sense of processDesign thinkingBasic design covers 99% of what is done in industryFocus on what can be done to help novices improve their design skillsAdvanced design includes optimization, axiomatic, genetic,….. that’s later on
Basic design process
Understand the problem/needIdeationSelectionDetailBuild/testEnvision the future
Hands-on design
Directly involve students in the processBinds analysis to actualSeeing what works reinforces the basicsGain respect for design process
THE SIX ANTI-”HANDS-ON”ARGUMENTS
1. Costs too much2. Classes too big to consider fabrication projects3. Our machine shop can’t handle all the students4. Not enough faculty5. I don’t know how to teach hands-on6. Difficult or impossible to grade projects
Areas targeted for IMPROVEMENT
Introduce design earlierHands-on design through fabrication/prototypingDesign across the curriculumOpportunities for graduate studentsLinks with other departments/collegesInvolve local industryImprove resources for student designers
Highlights
Introduction to Engineering– Freshman/sophomore
Design Projects– Senior capstone course
Student activities– Vehicle competition projects
New Product Design and Business Development– Graduate level
Introduction to Engineering (1)Required 15-week courseArt and practice of engineeringHands-on approachIntroduce M.E. and a few basic skills Excite and retain studentsMinimal use of resources (staff, shops)
HANDS-ON AT LOW COST
Introduction to Engineering (2)
DesignDissection
Disciplines
Skills
• Forces and motion• Energy• Materials• Manufacturing• Mechanisms
• Communication (visual, oral, written)• Fabrication/prototyping• Information gathering• Software (Pro/E, Excel,....)• Estimation/analysis• Innovation• Project management
DESIGN PROJECTS
Need not be “serious”The more the betterStudents experience concept generation, selection, design/build/testGoal: Get students thinking like a designer
An aside on teamsTeam skills– Working with and appreciating skills of others– Managing a self-directed work group– Helps to train the teams
Teams are good…but you don’t have to do everything in a team
An aside on projects
Made-up projectsSerious, client-driven projects
These are OK!Must deliver
Results sometimes are serious (no matter what the marketing says)
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ROBOT PROJECT
“Design and construct an autonomous machine that does something interesting for 45 seconds”
RulesFits on 34 x 28 inch baseHas at least one moving partControlled by a microcontrollerCosts no more than $30 beyond parts provided (microcontroller, motors, battery)Is safe
BASIC Stamp Microprocessor
8-bit16 digital I/O linesCustom BASIC programming languageProgram retained after power off in EEPROMDevelop code on any PC, link to Stamp via serial portSimple, inexpensive
LOTS OF ROBOTS!THE FOURTH ANNUAL ME 2011 ROBOT SHOW
Wednesday May 3, 2:40-4:30 PMGateway Center
University of MinnesotaFor the past six weeks, 210 collegestudents in an introductory design coursein Mechanical Engineering have beendesigning and building robots. Their taskwas to create a machine which “doessomething interesting”. The results of theirefforts will be on public display at theRobot Show. It should be one of the largestcollections of robots ever assembled in the
Twin Cities and will be fun for kids of allages. We invite you to join us for thisexciting event. The Gateway Center is at200 Oak St. S.E., Mpls, on the East Bankcampus of the University of Minnesota. Formore information please contact Prof. WillDurfee (625-0099, [email protected])
Design Projects (ME4054)The benefit to companies: You get 4-6 very bright MechE seniors working on your project for 15 weeks for free. You come up with the project. The tax: No fee, but company provides a project advisor who meets with the student team at the University every Tuesday or Thursday afternoon for about 90 minutesNew projects start each semester: Sept-Dec and Jan-MayDetails at www.me.umn.edu/courses/me4054Visit the Design Show: Tues Dec 14, 2-4 pm
Where else can you get smart engineers working on your project for free for 15 weeks?
Capstone design projects course
Common expectationsFocus on processMany industry projectsPrototypes expectedJuried Design Show
Student activitiesVehicle competition projects
– Solar car– Hydrofoil– SAE Formula race car– SAE Baja Buggy
Independent / co-curricularDepartment support
– Dedicated faculty– Seminar courses– Space
U of M Solar CarAurora II
– Sunrayce 95 (Indianapolis to Colorado, 1100 miles in 9 days): 2nd place
– Fastest day (50.5 mph)– Best aerodynamics
Aurora III– 35 students, 5 depts– $150K outside funding– Top speed: 78 mph– Sunrayce 97: 11th– World Solar-Car Rallye,
Junior Division: 1stAurora IV
– Sunrayce 99: D.C. to DisneyWorld in 10 days
NEW PRODUCT DESIGN AND BUSINESS DEVELOPMENTBusiness and engineering students join with industry to develop new products
www.npdbd.umn.edu
WHYNew products drive successful businessesProduct development is more than designFaculty from several schools within the university interested in new productsNeed to train students in a multi-disciplinary settingNew partnerships with industry
WHAT• Graduate level course offered by CSOM, ME, BME• Work with client firms to design a new product and create a
business plan• Teams of 4-8 grad students (1/2 business, 1/2 engineering) +
faculty + marketing and engineering company reps• Nine months (Sept - June)• Deliverables: Working prototype, comprehensive business plan
FEATURES• Real projects• Companies commit to manufacture• Cross-functional teams• Engineers do marketing and vice-versa• All patents assigned to companies• All team members sign confidentiality agreements• Strong university/company collaboration
Projects (1995-2005)Andersen Windows (2001) Novel window technologyHormel Foods (2001) Food safety sensorIntrospective (2001) Medical catheterGeodigm (2001) Dental scannerMedtronic (2001) Electrode impedance monitorVivaCare (2001) Emergency call system3M (2002) Multifunction electrodeNewco (2002) EEG biofeedbackComedicus (2002) Imaging in the pericardial spaceHearing Components (2002) Soundproof headphonesPando (2003) New sports field technologyMedtronic (2003) Visible Heart technologyScimed (2003) New catheter product3M (2003) Smart electrode productProbus (2003) Timers and nightlights3M (2003) Wound care product3M (2004) DVT preventionArctic Cat (2004) Snowmobile accesseryIMI Vision (2004) Food dispense machinePneumedics (2004) Device for controlling surgical bleedingUnisys (2004) Security applicationVenturix (2004) Ablation catheterMedtronic (2005) Lead implant deviceIMI (2005) Fluid powerTennant (2005) Cleaning productDevicix (2005) Spine surgeryStarFire Medical (2005) Aneurysms Pando Technologies (2005) Sports training
3M, Home and Commercial Care Division (1995), 2nd generation Twist ‘N Fill container
Toro, Consumer Division (1995), Powered, hand-held gardening toolMicro-Medical Devices, Cleveland OH (1995, 1996), Endoscope
technologyReel Precision Manufacturing (1996), New market hinge productHorton Manufacturing (1996), Smart cluth/brakeIrwin Publishing (1996), CD-ROM textbook supplementDonaldson (1997), Engine noise control productMolecular Diagnostics Lab, UMN (1997), Blood collection systemAetrium, Inc. (1997), Motion platform for Integrated circuit testing
machineSpinal Designs International (1997), Low-back pain care for people in
wheelchairsAugustine Medical (1997), Skin care productHorton Manufacturing (1997), Web control productSoil Sensors (1998), Next-generation soil moisture sensorHoneywell, Home & Building Control (1998), Residential ventilation
systemSelect Comfort (1998), Improved-comfort sleet systemSulzer Medica, Winterthur Switzerland (1998), Hip surgery instrument3M, Stationery and Office Supply Division (1998), Improved Post-it Flag
dispensorsAugustine Medical (1998), Nursing home market for Augustine
technologyMedtronic (1999), Catheter productEnhanced Mobility Technology (1999), Biorehab productLincages (1999), Windows version of CAD mechanicsm softwareShepherd Medical (1999), Male contraceptivesRust Architects (1999), Ice-palace coolerSulzer Medica (1999), Arthoscopy productSpineTech (2000), Artificial disk productEnduraTEC (2000), Tissue test gripsScimed (2000), Smart catheter productMedtronic (2000), Visible Heart CD-ROMMachine Magic (2000), Key duplicating machine
OUTCOMES• 45 projects, 36 companies since 1995• 5 patents, several commercial products• 200+ students, 8+ faculty
SELECTED COMPANIESMedtronic, Scimed, Honeywell, 3M, Comedicus, Geodigm, Hormel, Andersen, EnduraTEC, SpineTech, Augustine, Sulzer, Select Comfort, Horton, Spinal Designs, Aetrium, Donaldson, RPM, Toro
PROJECTSCareful selectionKnown area, but not completely definedBusiness challengesEngineering challengesTypically mechanical, electromechanicalMany medical products4-6 projects/year
LESSONS LEARNEDEngineering and business must lead program equallyCreating appropriate agreements takes time and effortRequires didactic component on product development processAdvantage if company is nearby
It’s worth it because...
We have bright, energetic students who are ready to be challenged and who are
turned on by design !