can future energy needs be met sustainably? future...emissions by sources and removals by sinks …...

Can Future Energy Needs be Met Sustainably?

Chris Llewellyn Smith Director of Energy Research, Oxford University

President SESAME Council www.energy.ox.ac.uk

http://www.energy.ox.ac.uk/

Drivers of Energy Policy 1. Security

Is there enough to meet needs? Will the lights stay on? Are there queues at petrol pumps?

2. Cost

Is energy affordable? Do energy prices foster industrial competiveness and development?

3. Clean Environment

Does the system minimise pollution, health and climate impacts?

Trade-offs are required → highly political, economic, and social as well as technical issue. In practice security and costs are mainly driving what’s happening in most countries.

We should be decarbonising: Climate Change

Air pollution: numbers very uncertain, but in its lifetime one large coal power station probably kills some 100 times more people than Chernobyl

Biggest effects in India, China… but cause of over 8% of all deaths in USA according to an MIT study

Improve security of supply in countries without large fossil fuel reserves and rebalance their relations with countries with reserves

One example of impact: Risk of rainfall in Southern England Temperatures increasing – as predicted:

Observed global temperatures Human-induced warming Natural warming and cooling Combination

IEA 450 scenario - atmospheric CO2 stays below 450 ppm; thought → 66% chance of keeping the temperature rise below 2 C

CO2 accumulates in the atmosphere – it’s the area under the curve that matters

We should be Decarbonising, but there’s a long way to go:

Air pollution: numbers very uncertain, but Didcot power station probably killed some 100 times more people than Chernobyl Coming on to the public agenda (VW has drawn attention to the problem)l

Pfeiffer, Miller, Hepburn & Beinhocker: even if all other sectors comply, can only meet 450 ppm target if no emitting electricity infrastructure is built after 2017, or existing infrastructure is retired early or retrofitted with CCS

Thermal equivalent primary energy

2015: Fossil - 78.4%, Bio + Waste - 9.6%, Hydro - 6.2%, Nuclear - 4.0%, Wind - 1.3%, Solar - 0.4%, Geo - 0.1%

Moving target - energy use expected to grow 30% by 2035 (fossils 20%). Non-oecd* + 50% (+ 25% per capita) *where 1.2 bn/2.7 bn lack electricity/clean cooking facilities

Climate Change

BP 2017

COP21/Paris Agreement • Main aim: hold the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 °C

above pre-industrial levels* and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C …aim to reach global peaking of greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible … and to undertake rapid reductions thereafter …to achieve a balance between emissions by sources and removals by sinks … in the second half of this century** …

* Means: parties to formulate increasingly ambitious Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) every five years; new NDCs by 2020 i.e. it’s voluntary!

Pledges currently nothing like enough to keep below + 2 C * Plenty of scenarios do this, but many are heavily reliant on Carbon Capture and

Storage (CCS)

Ways to Decarbonise • Reduce demand – better planning, change life

styles • Use energy more efficiently

• Move to low carbon systems and sources

Essential but won’t solve the problem

Energy/GNP is decreasing – but not fast enough:

Technically can do much better Key: strong regulation (cars, lighting, appliances) - 30% of global consumption regulated in 2015, up from 11% in 2000 according to the IEA

What to Decarbonise • Primary energy ends up providing (global numbers) Heat ≈ Electricity (some → heat) ≈ 38%, Transport ≈ 24%

Final energy: 50% heat, 30 % transport, 20 % electricity (some → heat)

• Electricity – know how to decarbonise in principle

• Heat* – very hard to decarbonise: electric heating only part of the answer → will also increase electricity demand

• Transport* – will probably mostly become electric → relatively modest increase in demand: all UK cars → electric would increase average electricity demand by 20%

*more ‘people sensitive’ than electricity

Need to look at whole system holistically – heat, transport, electricity, markets, economics, polices, consumer acceptance of technologies & policies

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UK End use Gas Demand

Average

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Daily UK gas demand, excluding gas → power generation

Decarbonising Heat

Average electricity consumption

In the UK the gas grid delivers 50% more energy than the electricity grid (excluding gas used to generate electricity) with huge seasonal variation:

Used: 85% → space & water heating + cooking, 15% → industry

Replacing all this gas with electricity with no efficiency change would be v expensive

→ current wholesale gas price £13/MWh; vs £35/MWh* for electricity

→ increase peak electricity demand to 60 GW (current) + 160 GW = 220 GW!

* not enough to ensure new investment!

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28.00299863

39.4535066619

27.9203375975

39.1622051053

27.8119777367

38.8452213607

26.9243365817

37.7089682252

25.0063933567

35.2972878134

25.0545805758

35.2061900758

27.5121165225

37.7110310962

27.4690533646

37.5288048933

27.4046592075

37.3252587833

27.3532847212

37.2041154899

26.4970375062

36.1727739438

24.6349038704

33.9813569541

24.6597312113

33.9964362078

27.1354474958

36.6378975888

27.0706682638

36.5033800751

26.8434271083

36.2064061815

26.7916381704

36.08489006

25.9417720037

35.0619888897

24.1020375096

32.9079349579

24.1782651333

32.9710970329

26.6387062587

35.7224464213

26.6399175154

35.6539554596

26.6400940092

35.7231072472

26.6358746763

35.7185244494

25.83061061

34.948207164

24.0766320508

33.0143002466

24.22718861

33.2202568419

26.7872890196

36.145773369

26.9399844046

36.2980941965

26.9653019212

36.4616702645

26.9827249017

36.5480269212

26.1802721771

35.7095655001

24.3773279004

33.7154082727

24.4995280704

33.9630997054

27.0496046458

36.8905858626

27.0730238929

36.9136111307

27.0816200737

37.0604075978

27.1163098262

37.1639921833

26.3844869696

36.5323378471

24.6214205667

34.6954739479

24.7758463588

35.1151007623

27.4647643025

38.1343868045

27.6038060812

38.4808427692

27.7591976117

38.774354131

27.9028048929

38.9867951996

27.2637892462

38.5129324042

25.5782544817

36.7906808103

25.8396393871

37.2567237221

28.5737081796

40.5563527302

28.7386743567

40.9286221193

28.9019784538

41.3684710663

29.0586219308

41.9401482401

28.4128186883

41.5905384551

26.6899481946

39.9797475966

26.9674532254

40.8124557983

29.7266497025

44.5449555201

29.9807276571

45.2138895937

30.2378043538

46.0935057364

30.4767546408

46.9549455186

29.9275508954

46.8950186627

28.3936884087

45.3700189058

28.9109044987

46.4651902954

31.9377996163

50.3516490953

32.329506415

51.296395654

32.7354932454

52.0477195164

33.1668989779

52.8244345241

32.7532334508

52.7497760613

31.1823797862

50.9709922008

31.7911850358

51.9725995786

34.9088151021

55.9473103201

35.3277595867

56.6422225642

35.7509844333

57.3413929613

36.1500604692

58.0163923645

35.7274566042

57.9241222527

34.0456679763

55.9742760952

34.5997937767

57.0019106442

37.869167495

61.2540878005

38.5693009658

62.2300169971

39.0917203267

63.0973905075

39.5900874329

64.0098618347

39.4338836054

63.8983157092

37.9585945708

61.8918335902

38.8336356975

63.1178466375

42.4169497333

67.5244738426

Description

Seasonal Normal Demand Forecasts

This spreadsheet contains total LDZ and national seasonal normal demand forecasts for the 2012/13 gas supply year.

The total LDZ figures are National Grid Transmission's forecasts and not the sum of the forecasts produced by the Networks.

Units are GWh for energy and mcm for volume.

The forecasts are produced in energy units. The volume figures are converted from the energy figures using a calorific value of 39.6 MJ/m3 for all values.

Daily seasonal normal demands are the demands that are forecast to occur in the average weather conditions expected between October 2010 and September 2015.

Seasonal normal demand forecasts are produced each year as part of the annual demand forecasting process.

The methodology for producing these forecasts is published on National Grid’s website at

http://www.nationalgrid.com/uk/Gas/OperationalInfo/operationaldocuments/Gas+Demand+and+Supply+Forecasting+Methodology/

Cold and warm profiles give an indication of the variation in weather that could be expected throughout the year.

Cold and warm demand profiles are calculated from the demand models and cold and warm CWVs calculated from weather data from October 1928 to September 2011.

They do not show historical maximums and minimums.

The cold/warm curves are 1 in 20 weekly values.

The highest demand on the cold curve will always be less than the 1 in 20 peak day demand.

Adding all the cold demand values will produce an annual demand far in excess of a 1 in 20 year because even in the coldest year there will be days warmer than normal.

Exports to Europe and storage injection are shown separately.

Exports to Europe and storage injection depend on the supply demand balance and the price of gas in the UK and on ther continent. The figures in this spreadsheet are therefore

not detailed forecasts but typical values for the time of year for graphical comparison with actual demands in the daily summary report.

http://marketinformation.natgrid.co.uk/gas/ReportExplorer.aspx

Power generation is a large element of gas demand. To produce power generation demand forecasts assumptions have to be made about the relative merits of different types of generation.

These assumptions are made for 3 month periods starting 1st October, 1st January, 1st April and 1st July. The key decision is whether coal or gas is the preferred fuel.

The transition between quarters has now been smoothed to remove step changes.

The power generation values shown in this spreadsheet are for NTS power stations. Large LDZ power stations and NTS industrial CHP plants are excluded from this definition and would

add approximately 7.5 mcm.

Storage injection has been calculated based on the average seen over the last 3 years; this has then been applied inversely to demand. The actual injection profile may well differ from this

due to commercial and physical constraints at the storage facilities

The forecasts were produced in June 2012.

Definitions

0-73 MWh load band: Gas customers consuming between zero and 73.2 MWh in a year under seasonal normal weather conditions

NDM: Non daily metered demand

LDZ: Total of NDM and daily metered (DM) demand plus shrinkage in the distribution networks

NTS power stations: Power stations connected directly to the gas National Transmission System

NTS industrial CHP plants: Combined heat and power loads connected directly to the gas National Transmission System and categorised as industrial loads

Large LDZ power stations: Power stations connected to the gas distribution networks and the electricity transmission network.

http://www.nationalgrid.com/uk/Gas/OperationalInfo/operationaldocuments/Gas+Demand+and+Supply+Forecasting+Methodology/

http://marketinformation.natgrid.co.uk/gas/ReportExplorer.aspx

Energy

2012 forecast gas demand

Excludes IUK exports and storage injectionIUK exports and storage injectionIncludes IUK exports and storage injection

GWh0-73 MWhTotal NDMLDZNTS power generationTotalCold0-73 MWhTotal NDMLDZTotalWarm0-73 MWhTotal NDMLDZTotalTotalTotalTotalTotalTotalTotalSeasonal normal demand

SNCWVSNDSNDSNDSNDLowHighSNDCWVCold demandCold demandCold demandCold demandCWVWarm demandWarm demandWarm demandWarm demandSNDCold demandWarm demandSNDCold demandWarm demandAverageColdGWh/dCold GWh/d

10/1/1213.34496732104550542792618079.7695113101644242214.872954777801536501501501230929232037Monday, October 01, 201243.5468.5210451644

10/2/1213.23511751106450342692518259.6197113351670244714.813014847881542495495495232029412037Tuesday, October 02, 201244.3569.6010641670

10/3/1213.11525769108450142492518439.4698913591695246914.763094957991551489489489233129582039Wednesday, October 03, 201245.1670.6210841695

10/4/1213.00540788110349942292418609.30101013851722249614.703145008051555482482482234229782037Thursday, October 04, 201245.9671.7711031722

10/5/1212.86568798110449041490618509.15104913951723248514.643274987941532479479479232929642011Friday, October 05, 201246.0271.8011041723

10/6/1212.73596782107046138583217738.99109013701677239414.593424797561452484484484225728781936Saturday, October 06, 201244.5769.8610701677

10/7/1212.60618809109644737481117848.83112014061711241414.533524927691450478478478226328931928Sunday, October 07, 201245.6571.3010961711

10/8/1212.47607873119149041592119428.67108914861827259414.473415358411583455455455239730492038Monday, October 08, 201249.6376.1411911827

10/9/1212.32625897121648841392119658.51110915121854261914.413525498561596448448448241330672044Tuesday, October 09, 201250.6677.2312161854



10/12/1211.88695955126847640290220037.95120415881923267514.173935808791605430430430243331052035Friday, October 12, 201252.8480.1412681923


10/14/1211.58754970126243536380819417.59128516021913260813.954345908701540429429429237030371969Sunday, October 14, 201252.5879.7212621913

10/15/1211.437381039136447640291621047.41124816882037279413.834316499591689405405405250931992094Monday, October 15, 201256.8484.8713642037

10/16/1211.287571063138947440191621287.24127017152065282113.704516749861714398398398252532182111Tuesday, October 16, 201257.8786.0513892065



10/19/1210.918211112143046139089721546.75136017822124286513.3051172710321746381381381253532462127Friday, October 19, 201259.5988.4914302124


10/21/1210.688731111140842235280520776.42143917852103278913.0356374310281688381381381245931702069Sunday, October 21, 201258.6687.6314082103

10/22/1210.588451176150646139091222346.25139518752230297712.9155380511211840358358358259233352198Monday, October 22, 201262.7492.9315062230

10/23/1210.498571191152245938891122496.07141919052261300712.7956782211391856352352352260033592207Tuesday, October 23, 201263.4194.2315222261



10/26/1210.199131226154944737789222615.57151119702319305012.4761785811671870337337337259833872207Friday, October 26, 201264.5496.6315492319


10/28/129.979681224152540934180221835.28159119662290296612.2865785411431793337337337252033042130Sunday, October 28, 201263.5395.4115252290

10/29/129.849391295163044637790723465.13153720552418315412.1864191612371943313313313265934672256Monday, October 29, 201267.91100.7416302418

10/30/129.729551316165144437690623665.03155120722436317012.0765593412551960306306306267234772266Tuesday, October 30, 201268.80101.4916512436


11/1/129.459891359169644037290524074.82157721052470320111.8568397012921994292292292270034942286Thursday, November 01, 201270.65102.9116962470

11/2/129.3110271368169643236588823974.75161721022456317511.7271497812921983289289289268634652272Friday, November 02, 201270.65102.3116962456

11/3/129.1710651340164640734081923084.67165920472376305511.5974796212551908295295295260333502203Saturday, November 03, 201268.5998.9916462376

11/4/129.0410911371167639633079923254.59168320752402306811.4576898712801920289289289261433572209Sunday, November 04, 201269.85100.0916762402

11/5/128.8810611450179043136590224954.48161921592526325011.31751105613822077264264264275935142341Monday, November 05, 201274.58105.2417902526

11/6/128.7310801474181642936390125194.37163321772545326711.17770108114082101257257257277635242358Tuesday, November 06, 201275.65106.0318162545

11/7/128.5810991499184142736190125434.27164621942562328211.02786110114282120250250250279335322369Wednesday, November 07, 201276.71106.7418412562


11/9/128.2611631537187141735388325613.90172722382597330510.77833112714462125239239239280035452365Friday, November 09, 201277.94108.2118712597


11/11/127.9312381546185638331979624973.48182922492582323910.55880112114182048238238238273534772286Sunday, November 11, 201277.35107.5918562582

11/12/127.7712021629197641635289726713.25177523582732344610.46851118315132196213213213288436592409Monday, November 12, 201282.35113.8319762732




11/16/127.0813151726206741434988427582.39192224812848355810.15910122315462223186186186294437452409Friday, November 16, 201286.12118.6720672848


11/18/126.8313841720203638632180026832.03202224782818348310.01955120915092144187187187287036702331Sunday, November 18, 201284.83117.4420362818

11/19/126.7013371801215542335890428601.9019462575295736839.93921127216072298161161161302238452460Monday, November 19, 201289.78123.2121552957




11/23/126.3214141848219442435789228971.4020502640301337379.58992132416512341141141141303938792482Friday, November 23, 201291.40125.5421943013


11/25/126.1814701822214139532980727991.1521382616296136389.401046131816212267146146146294537842413Sunday, November 25, 201289.21123.3721412961

11/26/126.1314081892224943336691229671.0220562715310338429.321010138617242429122122122308939642550Monday, November 26, 201293.70129.2822493103




11/30/125.9314641911225943436590029740.5121652782316138998.991068141917492452106106106308040052558Friday, November 30, 201294.11131.7122593161

12/1/125.8714991857218141234383328590.4122192713306537648.931096137716852351117117117297538812468Saturday, December 01, 201290.86127.7021813065

12/2/125.8115181880220140433681428690.3122492748309737868.871114139817042361112112112298138982473Sunday, December 02, 201291.71129.0522013097

12/3/125.7514561953231244337492030420.2121592845323839918.801066145617982514888888312940792602Monday, December 03, 201296.34134.9023123238

12/4/125.6914641963232344537592230540.1221702860325340088.771072146318052523838383313740912606Tuesday, December 04, 201296.78135.5523233253

12/5/125.6314721973233344637692330660.0221832876327040278.731077147018122532787878314441052610Wednesday, December 05, 201297.22136.2623333270

12/6/125.571480198223434483789243078-0.0821962892328740458.691078147218142535747474315141192608Thursday, December 06, 201297.63136.9623433287

12/7/125.501518197823284443739093055-0.1822522891327440248.671104146417962509737373312840972582Friday, December 07, 201297.01136.4023283274

12/8/125.441555192322494223518402938-0.2823092820317538868.641130141717262403858585302339722488Saturday, December 08, 201293.72132.3122493175

12/9/125.381575194822714133438212950-0.4123442862321439158.611144143417422408848484303439992492Sunday, December 09, 201294.64133.9322713214

12/10/125.321511202223854543829293126-0.5422542966336341298.571094149218352562636363318841922625Monday, December 10, 201299.36140.1323853363

12/11/125.251520203323964553839303139-0.6622692985338341518.541103150318462575616161320042122637Tuesday, December 11, 201299.83140.9523963383

12/12/125.181529204424084563859313152-0.8022863007340641768.471111151318572587606060321242362647Wednesday, December 12, 2012100.32141.9324083406


12/14/125.041577205224054543819173143-1.0823683035342341878.351155152718612586616161320442482646Friday, December 14, 2012100.21142.6324053423


12/16/124.951631201423404223508283029-1.3324653005336340758.201204150618162492747474310341502567Sunday, December 16, 201297.50140.1123403363

12/17/124.911562208724514643909373204-1.4523683110351342938.131157157119172656535353325843472710Monday, December 17, 2012102.14146.3924513513




12/21/124.761587207023824693959423141-1.9224363128347342617.911188157218692615616161320243222676Friday, December 21, 201299.24144.7223823473


12/23/124.691610200422794723979443042-2.1424853054335741497.831206152017822531737373311442212604Sunday, December 23, 201294.98139.8822793357

12/24/124.651640206723414743999453105-2.2525393156345842517.801228156618282578656565317043162643Monday, December 24, 201297.53144.0723413458




12/28/124.451665209723724804039503142-2.6025833209351343137.671245158718492606616161320343742667Friday, December 28, 201298.83146.3823723513


12/30/124.361650205323304824069523103-2.7225573141344742517.591235155518192579656565316943162644Sunday, December 30, 201297.08143.6223303447

12/31/124.321682211723924844079533168-2.7726053235354043457.561260160618682629585858322544032687Monday, December 31, 201299.69147.5023923540

1/1/134.291668207423554874099573133-2.8025803169347842877.531248157118392603626262319543492665Tuesday, January 01, 201398.13144.9323553478

1/2/134.251658218925254884109593304-2.8425633330370345137.511245166719862752414141334645542794Wednesday, January 02, 2013105.20154.2925253703

1/3/134.251653220225764904119603357-2.8825603354377045827.491242168020342802353535339246172837Thursday, January 03, 2013107.32157.1025763770

1/4/134.241686218825504854079443322-2.9226153342374545477.471270167020142772393939336145872812Friday, January 04, 2013106.24156.0525503745

1/5/134.241719211924554603828713186-2.9726733253362743867.451296161519352654555555324244412710Saturday, January 05, 2013102.31151.1124553627

1/6/134.241732213424684503738523187-3.0126983283365344007.441309163019482655555555324344552711Sunday, January 06, 2013102.84152.2124683653

1/7/134.251652220125744954169643361-3.0725833384380146197.431250169020452818343434339646532853Monday, January 07, 2013107.27158.3825743801

1/8/134.261651219925734974179663361-3.1325913394381146317.421252169220472821353535339546652856Tuesday, January 08, 2013107.20158.8025733811



1/11/134.281682218125434954159523325-3.2926633402380746217.411276167720212790393939336446592828Friday, January 11, 2013105.98158.6325433807


1/13/134.281727212824624593808593190-3.3727463340371244697.421308162919472663555555324545242718Sunday, January 13, 2013102.58154.6724623712

1/14/134.281649219625705054249733366-3.4026253437385746867.431249168920442827343434340047202861Monday, January 14, 2013107.08160.6925703857

1/15/134.301647219425675074259743365-3.4226283441386146927.441249168820432828343434339947262862Tuesday, January 15, 2013106.98160.8725673861



1/18/134.331675217325355054239603326-3.4126793421382746517.451274167520192797393939336546892836Friday, January 18, 2013105.62159.4525353827


1/20/134.351718211724514683878663187-3.3727463340371244787.411313163619542679555555324245332734Sunday, January 20, 2013102.12154.6824513712

1/21/134.361638218325575154329813363-3.3626203431385046897.401256169720522846343434339747232880Monday, January 21, 2013106.52160.4125573850

1/22/134.371637218225555174339823363-3.3326163426384546857.381256169820532847343434339747202882Tuesday, January 22, 2013106.47160.2125553845



1/25/134.351672216925315144319683332-3.2926633401380646407.351283168620312819383838337046772857Friday, January 25, 2013105.47158.6025313806


1/27/134.371715211324474773958733192-3.2527303320369244667.381313163519542687555555324745212742Sunday, January 27, 2013101.96153.8324473692

1/28/134.391634217825515254409893367-3.2226013407382546747.411249168820432846343434340047082880Monday, January 28, 2013106.28159.3925513825

1/29/134.411631217425475274429903364-3.1825963400381846687.441242168020352839343434339847022873Tuesday, January 29, 2013106.13159.1025473818



2/1/134.541647213925005244399763310-3.0526313362376646087.611252164719912788414141335146492829Friday, February 01, 2013104.16156.9325003766

2/2/134.601672206223984974119003164-3.0226793261363544317.651271158419042659585858322244892717Saturday, February 02, 201399.91151.4723983635

2/3/134.651678206924014854028793154-2.9926953279364944317.691271158619032644595959321344902703Sunday, February 03, 2013100.06152.0624013649

2/4/134.681597213125025354489973327-2.9725693366378346417.731213164319962808393939336546792847Monday, February 04, 2013104.26157.6425023783

2/5/134.721593212524975374509983322-2.9725703367378446437.741211164119942807393939336246822846Tuesday, February 05, 2013104.03157.6924973784

2/6/134.751588212024915384519993318-2.9825713368378646467.751208163719902805404040335846852844Wednesday, February 06, 2013103.79157.7324913786

2/7/134.7815842114248554045210003313-2.9925713369378646487.771200162619792795404040335346882835Thursday, February 07, 2013103.54157.7524853786

2/8/134.751620210524655344479843284-3.0326283358376346147.771226161519572764444444332746582807Friday, February 08, 2013102.69156.7824653763


2/10/134.691672206323954944098863156-3.1127113298366944607.761260157218892638595959321545192697Sunday, February 10, 201399.80152.8823953669

2/11/134.6616002135250654545710053341-3.1325903393381146797.761201162819812802373737337847162839Monday, February 11, 2013104.44158.7925063811




2/15/134.511651214325055434559893334-3.1626453379378446467.771231162119642780383838337246832818Friday, February 15, 2013104.37157.6825053784


2/17/134.561689208224165024168883185-3.0326993284365544537.801259157118882645565656324045092701Sunday, February 17, 2013100.65152.2924163655

2/18/134.5916092146251855446510073361-2.9725703366378446597.821197162319762805343434339646942840Monday, February 18, 2013104.92157.6625183784




2/22/134.841609209124515514629883286-2.5425663280368245487.951210159519372760434343333045922803Friday, February 22, 2013102.12153.4124513682


2/24/135.011630201223435094238873118-2.2826003166353443368.031233154018572620646464318244002684Sunday, February 24, 201397.64147.2323433534

2/25/135.1015442063243256247210063281-2.1424643232364445248.081173159219432780444444332545682824Monday, February 25, 2013101.34151.8424323644




3/1/135.561515197523265594709863166-1.4224203099349043598.381150152118552684585858322444172742Friday, March 01, 201396.90145.4123263490

3/2/135.681529189222175294419073011-1.2824482986334741688.451163145617682551777777308842442627Saturday, March 02, 201392.39139.4622173347

3/3/135.811523188422075164308852985-1.1124432980333741428.551158145117602528808080306542212607Sunday, March 03, 201391.96139.0322073337

3/4/135.9414361926228656948010053139-0.9523113038343943228.651092148918322674616161320043832735Monday, March 04, 201395.25143.3022863439

3/5/136.0814191904226357148110043117-0.7822903011341142948.751080147318162659646464318143582722Tuesday, March 05, 201394.30142.1422633411

3/6/136.2114021883224157248210043095-0.5722632977337542598.881063145217942637666666316143252703Wednesday, March 06, 201393.36140.6522413375

3/7/136.3313871864221857348310043073-0.3722382946334042239.011047143217702613696969314242922682Thursday, March 07, 201392.43139.1522183340

3/8/136.441401183221755674789853019-0.1622562895327541479.141051139717242557767676309542232633Friday, March 08, 201390.61136.4721753275

3/9/136.5514131753207153644890528690.0722682772312339459.281052132416282415979797296640422512Saturday, March 09, 201386.31130.1220713123

3/10/136.6714081748206352243788328450.2922572758310539119.421042131316152386103103103294940142489Sunday, March 10, 201385.98129.3720633105

3/11/136.74133417972148577488100330060.5121252802319140759.55977134316782524878787309341622611Monday, March 11, 201389.51132.9521483191

3/12/136.82132417842135578489100329930.7320972766315440389.67962132416582504929292308541302596Tuesday, March 12, 201388.95131.4121353154

3/13/136.90131417712122579490100329810.9520702731311840029.79947130516382485979797307840992582Wednesday, March 13, 201388.41129.9021223118

3/14/136.98130417582109581491100329691.1420462701308639719.88936129016232471102102102307040732573Thursday, March 14, 201387.86128.5821093086

3/15/137.0413221734207457448598429231.3320622654302638999.97942126315852422111111111303440102533Friday, March 15, 201386.40126.0720743026

3/16/137.1113391666198154345590327841.52207725442888371210.05951120415042295131131131291538432426Saturday, March 16, 201382.54120.3319812888

3/17/137.1713401668198052944488127671.68207125362876368410.10951120415022278136136136290438212414Sunday, March 17, 201382.52119.8519802876

3/18/137.23127117172065585496100229291.84195625862967385410.15900124515772428121121121304939742548Monday, March 18, 201386.06123.6420652967

3/19/137.32126017032051586497100229151.99193725632943383010.21893123615672419126126126304139562545Tuesday, March 19, 201385.46122.6220512943

3/20/137.41124916892036587498100229012.14191825392918380510.25888123015612414131131131303339372545Wednesday, March 20, 201384.85121.5920362918

3/21/137.49123916752022588499100228882.28190025162894378210.29883122315542408137137137302539192544Thursday, March 21, 201384.27120.5920222894

3/22/137.5812531648198458249398228392.43192024772843371910.36892120015212364146146146298638662511Friday, March 22, 201382.68118.4519842843

3/23/137.6712641577188955046390226972.57193723782716354410.43900114314412238167167167286437112406Saturday, March 23, 201378.71113.1818892716

3/24/137.7712611573188353645187926742.71193423732708351910.50897114114372218174174174284836932392Sunday, March 24, 201378.44112.8518832708

3/25/137.86119116151960593503100128282.85182724232798368810.60843117315012358159159159298838472517Monday, March 25, 201381.65116.5819602798

3/26/137.96117915991944594505100128132.99181024012775366510.71829115514832341165165165297838312506Tuesday, March 26, 201380.98115.6319442775

3/27/138.05117115811920595506100127893.12179923762743363410.82818113514572315172172172296238062487Wednesday, March 27, 201379.98114.2819202743

3/28/138.13116015671905596507100127763.25178123542720361110.95801111314342293178178178295337892471Thursday, March 28, 201379.37113.3219052720

3/29/138.22119215551866597508100027373.37183323432679357111.08815109013862246186186186292437582432Friday, March 29, 201377.74111.6318662679

3/30/138.31109213711675598509100025473.49168220742402329511.2073994912392099213213213276135082312Saturday, March 30, 201369.79100.1016752402

3/31/138.36108513621667599510100025403.60166820572385327811.3172593212212082218218218275834962300Sunday, March 31, 201369.4499.3616672385

4/1/138.42116615221825601511100026983.72178722862613350611.42770103513222183203203203290237102386Monday, April 01, 201376.06108.8918252613

4/2/138.48111715121841602512100027153.82171022632619351311.51731102413352196206206206292137182402Tuesday, April 02, 201376.71109.1318412619

4/3/138.53110915031832603514100027063.93169522442600349411.60719100913192181211211211291737052392Wednesday, April 03, 201376.32108.3218322600

4/4/138.5911021494182260451599926984.03168322292583347811.6970799513052167216216216291436952383Thursday, April 04, 201375.92107.6418222583

4/5/138.6510941484181260551699926884.13167022122566346211.7969497812882151222222222291036832372Friday, April 05, 201375.49106.9318122566

4/6/138.7111271414171456447789925314.23171921182440327511.9070691311972001245245245277635192246Saturday, April 06, 201371.41101.6917142440

4/7/138.7711281415171355046587625144.33171821172438325512.0069890411861975251251251276535062226Sunday, April 07, 201371.39101.5717132438

4/8/138.8710641453178660851999926644.43162821692528342612.1464992612392104237237237290236632341Monday, April 08, 201374.40105.3417862528

4/9/138.9710511437176960952099926484.53161521532512341012.2963090212142079244244244289236542323Tuesday, April 09, 201373.70104.6517692512

4/10/139.0610391422175361152199826334.62160321382495339412.4361187811892055250250250288336442305Wednesday, April 10, 201373.03103.9717532495

4/11/139.1610261406173661252299826174.72159021222479337912.5859285411642031256256256287336352287Thursday, April 11, 201372.34103.2817362479

4/12/139.3010301371169060551697825614.82161020922437332612.7358581911191975267267267282835932242Friday, April 12, 201370.43101.5416902437

4/13/139.4410321300159757148589724184.92162820102330316812.8957675810371845289289289270734572134Saturday, April 13, 201366.5397.0715972330

4/14/139.5710211288158355747287423875.04162420052322314413.0156474410221813297297297268434402110Sunday, April 14, 201365.9596.7415832322

4/15/139.719571318164561652799825295.15153620532408331013.1452276510721940284284284281335952225Monday, April 15, 201368.56100.3316452408

4/16/139.859401296162261752899725065.26152220362390329313.2750674410501919292292292279735852211Tuesday, April 16, 201367.5999.5716222390

4/17/139.999221273159961852999724835.39150620152368327213.3449773310391909299299299278235712208Wednesday, April 17, 201366.6298.6815992368

4/18/1310.139051251157661953099724615.51149119962349325313.4148872210271898306306306276735592204Thursday, April 18, 201365.6697.8615762349

4/19/1310.269051216153061352497724045.63150419612302319513.484886989941855317317317272235122172Friday, April 19, 201363.7795.9115302302

4/20/1310.389071152144357849289522685.76151618772192303513.534916579331746338338338260633732084Saturday, April 20, 201360.1491.3514432192

4/21/1310.508981142143256447987222405.88151218732186301113.584896559301726346346346258633572072Sunday, April 21, 201359.6791.0614322186

4/22/1310.618421172149462453599623816.01142619132263317013.634596859891863334334334271435032197Monday, April 22, 201362.2494.2914942263

4/23/1310.738281153147562553699623626.13141218952244315113.704516749781853340340340270334912193Tuesday, April 23, 201361.4493.4914752244

4/24/1310.848141136145662653799623456.25139618762224313213.764436659681844347347347269134782191Wednesday, April 24, 201360.6892.6514562224

4/25/1310.958001118143862753899623276.37138118572204311313.854326519531830353353353268134662184Thursday, April 25, 201359.9391.8314382204

4/26/1311.068021088139862053297522766.49139318232159305713.944296259181785364364364264034212149Friday, April 26, 201358.2489.9613982159

4/27/1311.178031028131658649989321456.62140317432054290114.044245788511669384384384253032852054Saturday, April 27, 201354.8485.5713162054

4/28/1311.277961020130657048687021186.75139617352043287214.154135658371638392392392251032642030Sunday, April 28, 201354.4385.1413062043

4/29/1311.377461050136863154299522596.89131517722117302714.263805848851764380380380263934072144Monday, April 29, 201356.9988.1913682117

4/30/1311.477341034135163354399522437.02129817512095300614.383645658641744386386386262933922130Tuesday, April 30, 201356.2887.2813512095

5/1/1311.587191015133463454599522277.17127917262071298314.493505468471728392392392261933752120Wednesday, May 01, 201355.5786.2913342071

5/2/1311.70705997131563554699522087.31126217052049296114.593385318321713399399399260733602112Thursday, May 02, 201354.7885.3613152049

5/3/1311.81705967127562854097421587.45126916682001290214.703315027931664410410410256733122074Friday, May 03, 201353.1183.3612752001

5/4/1311.92681879117363754899420687.60123315351852276514.783154457231606425425425249231902031Saturday, May 04, 201348.8677.1511731852

5/5/1312.04666861115463854999420497.75121415121828274214.873044317091593431431431248131732024Sunday, May 05, 201348.0776.1611541828

5/6/1312.16650843113563955099420317.90119514891805271914.952944196971581438438438246931572019Monday, May 06, 201347.3075.1911351805

5/7/1312.28615871118464055199420818.03114115331871278615.022774447401626436436436251732232062Tuesday, May 07, 201349.3277.9711841871

5/8/1312.40601852116564155299420628.17112415121849276415.092684337291616443443443250532072058Wednesday, May 08, 201348.5377.0411651849

5/9/1312.51587835114764255399320458.30110814911828274415.152614237201607449449449249431932056Thursday, May 09, 201347.7876.1611471828

5/10/1312.62573818112964455599320288.42109314721808272515.202544157111599456456456248331802055Friday, May 10, 201347.0375.3411291808

5/11/1312.73577756104664555699319458.53111413931705262315.242573756511540470470470241530922010Saturday, May 11, 201343.5671.0610461705

5/12/1312.84563739102864655799319288.64110013761688260615.292503676431533476476476240430822009Sunday, May 12, 201342.8370.3210281688

5/13/1312.94547797110864755899320088.73108114751811273015.312474157121602471471471247932002073Monday, May 13, 201346.1575.4611081811

5/14/1313.03535782109264855999319948.81107114621797271615.332444127081600477477477247031932076Tuesday, May 14, 201345.5074.8810921797

5/15/1313.12523767107664855999219788.90105914471781270115.362394067021594483483483246131832077Wednesday, May 15, 201344.8474.2210761781

5/16/1313.22512752106164955899219628.99104814331767268615.362404077031595489489489245131752084Thursday, May 16, 201344.1973.6310611767

5/17/1313.30512727102664155197119169.08105714051729263615.372443946821563498498498241531352062Friday, May 17, 201342.7772.0310261729

5/18/1313.3851168196060451688817999.19106313381638249415.382473676361467517517517231630101984Saturday, May 18, 201339.9868.259601638

5/19/1313.4650467495158750186517729.29105813321631246715.382493706391452524524524229629911976Sunday, May 19, 201339.6467.949511631

5/20/1313.54471700100765055899019099.4099613671699261815.392374036991592512512512242031292103Monday, May 20, 201341.9870.7910071699

5/21/1313.6146268999565055799018979.5397913461677259515.412343996951588517517517241431122105Tuesday, May 21, 201341.4769.869951677

5/22/1313.6845367898465055799018859.6696313251655257315.432313966921585522522522240730962108Wednesday, May 22, 201341.0068.979841655

5/23/1313.7544466697265155798918739.7994613041633255115.452293936881582528528528240130792110Thursday, May 23, 201340.5168.069721633

5/24/1313.8244464394064354996918309.9294812701589249515.492283756621545537537537236630322082Friday, May 24, 201339.1566.199401589

5/25/1313.89444601877606514886171610.0594912031499235315.522293456131446554554554227129072000Saturday, May 25, 201336.5462.448771499

5/26/1313.96436590870652556988177110.1793911871487240415.562243376091503552552552232229562055Sunday, May 26, 201336.2361.968701487

5/27/1314.03427579859652556988176010.2892511701470238715.602193316031497557557557231629432054Monday, May 27, 201335.7761.238591470

5/28/1314.09408601898652556987179910.3888911991517243415.642083516391534556556556235529902089Tuesday, May 28, 201337.4163.228981517

5/29/1314.16400591887652555987178910.4987611821500241715.692023446321527561561561234929782087Wednesday, May 29, 201336.9862.518871500

5/30/1314.22393581878653555987177910.5786511701487240415.731973386261520565565565234429692086Thursday, May 30, 201336.5761.968781487

5/31/1314.28385571867653555986176910.6685411551472238915.771923316191514570570570233929592084Friday, May 31, 201336.1461.338671472

6/1/1314.33387531809653555986171110.7586210961392230915.811912985681464581581581229128892044Saturday, June 01, 201333.7258.008091392

6/2/1314.38382528801591498861162210.8684910831374220815.851862965621377595595595221728031972Sunday, June 02, 201333.3857.248011374

6/3/1314.43358556858654554985176010.9679711151437235315.881743236161512582582582234129352093Monday, June 03, 201335.7559.878581437

6/4/1314.49351548849654554985175111.0778410981420233615.911713196121508586586586233729222094Tuesday, June 04, 201335.3859.158491420

6/5/1314.53346541843654554984174411.2076810771398231415.931693166091505590590590233529042095Wednesday, June 05, 201335.1158.258431398

6/6/1314.56341535836655554984173811.3275210571377229215.951653126051501594594594233328872095Thursday, June 06, 201334.8557.368361377

6/7/1314.60344518811647546964170111.4575010241334223815.971672985831468602602602230328402070Friday, June 07, 201333.7855.598111334

6/8/1314.64345483756610511883159611.577499641252210415.981682735391374618618618221427221992Saturday, June 08, 201331.5052.187561252

6/9/1314.68342481753592496859157411.707379511238207015.981702765411358624624624219826941981Sunday, June 09, 201331.3651.567531238

6/10/1314.72322510811656553983171311.826899771294220915.981623086011498610610610232328192108Monday, June 10, 201333.7853.928111294

6/11/1314.76317504804656552982170711.946749581275218915.981623086011498614614614232128032112Tuesday, June 11, 201333.5253.118041275

6/12/1314.80312498798657552982170112.066599391255216915.981623086011499617617617231827862116Wednesday, June 12, 201333.2452.287981255

6/13/1314.84307491791657552982169412.176459211236215015.971633096031501621621621231527712122Thursday, June 13, 201332.9651.507911236

6/14/1314.88308474765649544962165612.276458931198210115.971672995831471628628628228527292099Friday, June 14, 201331.8649.927651198

6/15/1314.92308439711611510881155212.376438391123197415.971702755411378644644644219626172022Saturday, June 15, 201329.6146.787111123

6/16/1314.96305437707594495857152912.476358291112194415.971712775431361649649649217925932011Sunday, June 16, 201329.4746.347071112

6/17/1315.00287466765658551980166812.565958581172208515.981633086011501635635635230327202136Monday, June 17, 201331.8648.817651172

6/18/1315.03282460759658551980166212.665828411154206815.981623076011500638638638230127062138Tuesday, June 18, 201331.6248.087591154

6/19/1315.07277454753659551979165612.755718271139205315.991613065991499642642642229826952141Wednesday, June 19, 201331.3747.487531139

6/20/1315.11273448747659550979165112.835618151127204015.991613076001500645645645229526852145Thursday, June 20, 201331.1146.957471127

6/21/1315.13275433723651543960161512.915627901092199316.001632945781467651651651226726452119Friday, June 21, 201330.1245.487231092

6/22/1315.16277403673613508879151512.995637431024187416.011662705361375666666666218125402041Saturday, June 22, 201328.0642.676731024

6/23/1315.18276403673596493855149613.075567351016184716.011662725381358670670670216625172028Sunday, June 23, 201328.0242.326731016

6/24/1315.20261433731660549978163613.145217641074198816.021573015941495656656656229126432151Monday, June 24, 201330.4544.767311074

6/25/1315.22258430727661549977163213.215127531062197616.021573015941495658658658229126342154Tuesday, June 25, 201330.3144.267271062

6/26/1315.25255426724661549977162913.285057431052196616.031573015941496661661661229026262156Wednesday, June 26, 201330.1743.847241052

6/27/1315.27253423720661549977162613.344977331042195516.041552995921494663663663228926182157Thursday, June 27, 201330.0143.417201042

6/28/1315.29255408697653541958159113.404997121011191316.051572865711462669669669226025822131Friday, June 28, 201329.0542.136971011

6/29/1315.32256378647615507877149113.46501669948179816.051602635301370683683683217424812053Saturday, June 29, 201326.9839.49647948

6/30/1315.35254377646598492854147013.51498667945177616.061602655301352687687687215724632039Sunday, June 30, 201326.9139.37646945

7/1/1315.37239406703662548975160913.564686971005191816.071512945861489672672672228125912162Monday, July 01, 201329.2941.867031005

7/2/1315.40236402699663548975160513.61462690997191116.071512945871490674674674227925852165Tuesday, July 02, 201329.1141.53699997

7/3/1315.43233398695663547974160113.65458684991190516.081512935861490676676676227825822166Wednesday, July 03, 201328.9441.30695991

7/4/1315.45230394690663547974159713.70451675982189616.091492915831487678678678227525742166Thursday, July 04, 201328.7540.90690982

7/5/1315.48231378666655540955156213.74455657955185816.091522805651458684684684224625422142Friday, July 05, 201327.7639.79666955

7/6/1315.50232349618617505875146313.78458618896174716.091552575231365697697697216024452063Saturday, July 06, 201325.7637.33618896

7/7/1315.52231349618600490852144313.83455615892172416.091562595251348701701701214424252049Sunday, July 07, 201325.7337.17618892

7/8/1315.54219380676665546973158313.87430648954186816.091492915841489685685685226925542175Monday, July 08, 201328.1539.74676954

7/9/1315.56216376672665546972158013.91424641947186216.091492915841489687687687226725492176Tuesday, July 09, 201328.0039.45672947

7/10/1315.58214374670665546972157813.96419635940185516.091502925851491688688688226625432179Wednesday, July 10, 201327.9239.16670940

7/11/1315.59212372667666546972157614.00413627932184716.081502935861492689689689226525372181Thursday, July 11, 201327.8138.85667932

7/12/1315.60215359646657538953154314.04416609905180916.081532825671462694694694223725032156Friday, July 12, 201326.9237.71646905

7/13/1315.61217332600619504873144614.08418571847169916.071572605261370706706706215324062077Saturday, July 13, 201325.0135.30600847

7/14/1315.62218333601602489850142814.12416570845167816.071582625281354709709709213823872063Sunday, July 14, 201325.0535.21601845

7/15/1315.63207365660667545970157014.16393601905182116.061522965891496693693693226325142189Monday, July 15, 201327.5137.71660905

7/16/1315.64206364659667544970156914.19389597901181716.061532965891497694694694226325102191Tuesday, July 16, 201327.4737.53659901

7/17/1315.65205362658667544969156814.22386592896181216.051542985911499694694694226225062194Wednesday, July 17, 201327.4037.33658896

7/18/1315.66204361656668544969156714.24383589893180916.051552985921500695695695226225042195Thursday, July 18, 201327.3537.20656893

7/19/1315.66207349636659536951153514.26387573868177316.041582885731470699699699223424722170Friday, July 19, 201326.5036.17636868

7/20/1315.67210323591621502872143914.28393540816166916.041612655321378711711711215023802089Saturday, July 20, 201324.6333.98591816

7/21/1315.68210324592604487848142114.30393541816165016.041622675331361713713713213423632074Sunday, July 21, 201324.6634.00592816

7/22/1315.69200356651669543968156314.32373576879179716.041563005931503696696696225924932199Monday, July 22, 201327.1436.64651879

7/23/1315.70199354650669543967156114.34371573876179416.041563005931503697697697225824902200Tuesday, July 23, 201327.0736.50650876

7/24/1315.71197353644670543967155614.36368570869178716.041563005891500697697697225324842197Wednesday, July 24, 201326.8436.21644869

7/25/1315.72196352643670542967155514.38366567866178416.041563005901501697697697225324812198Thursday, July 25, 201326.7936.08643866

7/26/1315.72199340623662535949152414.40370551841174816.051572875681468701701701222424492168Friday, July 26, 201325.9435.06623841

7/27/1315.73203314578623501870142814.42375519790164516.051612645271376712712712214023572088Saturday, July 27, 201324.1032.91578790

7/28/1315.73204316580605486846141114.43376521791162716.061602645271356714714714212523412070Sunday, July 28, 201324.1832.97580791

7/29/1315.74194348639671542965155314.43359558857177616.061532975861498696696696224924732195Monday, July 29, 201326.6435.72639857

7/30/1315.74194348639671541965155314.44358557856177516.071522955841497696696696224924712193Tuesday, July 30, 201326.6435.65639856

7/31/1315.74194348639672541964155414.43359558857177716.071522955841497695695695224924722193Wednesday, July 31, 201326.6435.72639857

8/1/1315.74194348639672541964155414.43359558857177716.071522955841497695695695224824722192Thursday, August 01, 201326.6435.72639857

8/2/1315.74197337620664533947152314.42367548839174716.071552845651467698698698222124452165Friday, August 02, 201325.8334.95620839

8/3/1315.73202313578625499868143014.40377521792164916.071572605231374708708708213823582082Saturday, August 03, 201324.0833.01578792

8/4/1315.72205317581607484844141414.39380527797163516.071582625251356709709709212323442065Sunday, August 04, 201324.2333.22581797

8/5/1315.72196351643673540963155914.37367568867178916.071522955851499691691691225024802190Monday, August 05, 201326.7936.15643867

8/6/1315.71197352647674540962156314.36367569871179316.071512945871501689689689225224832191Tuesday, August 06, 201326.9436.30647871

8/7/1315.71197353647674540962156414.34370572875179716.061532965891504688688688225224862192Wednesday, August 07, 201326.9736.46647875

8/8/1315.71198353648674539962156414.33372574877180016.061532975891505687687687225124872192Thursday, August 08, 201326.9836.55648877

8/9/1315.70201342628666532945153414.32379563857176816.051562865701474689689689222324582164Friday, August 09, 201326.1835.71628857

8/10/1315.70205318585627498866143914.31388535809166916.051592635291382699699699213923682081Saturday, August 10, 201324.3833.72585809

8/11/1315.70207321588609483843142314.30393541815165516.051612665311364700700700212323552065Sunday, August 11, 201324.5033.96588815

8/12/1315.70199354649676538960156714.28378582885181016.041563005931509681681681224924912191Monday, August 12, 201327.0536.89649885

8/13/1315.69199355650676538960156814.27378583886181116.041552995921509680680680224824902188Tuesday, August 13, 201327.0736.91650886


8/15/1315.68201357651673535959156614.23384590892181316.041552995911505677677677224324902181Thursday, August 15, 201327.1237.16651892

8/16/1315.67206348633662526943153514.20395583877178516.041582885721472679679679221424642151Friday, August 16, 201326.3836.53633877

8/17/1315.66211324591622491865144014.16408558833168816.041612655301377688688688212823762066Saturday, August 17, 201324.6234.70591833

8/18/1315.65213328595602475842142314.12416569843167716.041622675311358688688688211123652046Sunday, August 18, 201324.7835.12595843

8/19/1315.63207365659666529958156814.09401612915183116.041552995911498669669669223725002167Monday, August 19, 201327.4638.13659915

8/20/1315.61209368662664527958157014.04407620924183816.041552995911497667667667223725042163Tuesday, August 20, 201327.6038.48662924


8/22/1315.56215375670661524958157413.96417632936184716.041542985901492662662662223625092154Thursday, August 22, 201327.9038.99670936

8/23/1315.54222368654651515941154613.91432629924182216.031592905731462663663663220924862126Friday, August 23, 201327.2638.51654924

8/24/1315.52229346614611481864145313.85448607883172916.031632675321369672672672212524012041Saturday, August 24, 201325.5836.79614883

8/25/1315.49234353620592465841143913.80458619894171916.031632685331349671671671211023912021Sunday, August 25, 201325.8437.26620894

8/26/1315.47227390686655518957158413.74445668973187916.021583025941490652652652223625302142Monday, August 26, 201328.5740.56686973

8/27/1315.44230394690653516956158613.68452677982188616.021573015931488649649649223525352136Tuesday, August 27, 201328.7440.93690982


8/29/1315.40236402697650513956159113.544707001007190815.991613075991490643643643223425512134Thursday, August 29, 201329.0641.946971007

8/30/1315.37244395682640504939156313.46489700998188715.981652975811459644644644220625312103Friday, August 30, 201328.4141.59682998

8/31/1315.35251372641601471863147013.37511681960179615.971702755411367652652652212224492020Saturday, August 31, 201326.6939.98641960

9/1/1315.32256379647582455840145613.27527701979179615.951732805451352651651651210724482003Sunday, September 01, 201326.9740.81647979

9/2/1315.30248417713643507955160113.165187601069196615.941673146071492631631631223225962123Monday, September 02, 201329.7344.547131069

9/3/1315.26252423720641505955160613.065307761085198015.921693176101493627627627223326082120Tuesday, September 03, 201329.9845.217201085

9/4/1315.22257429726640504954161012.935467961106200115.911703186111493624624624223426242116Wednesday, September 04, 201330.2446.097261106

9/5/1315.19261434731638502954161412.815618161127202015.901723216131494620620620223526402114Thursday, September 05, 201330.4846.957311127

9/6/1315.15272430718628494938158812.695888231125200615.881783135971465620620620220926262085Friday, September 06, 201329.9346.907181125

9/7/1315.09284411681590460862150112.566168061089191815.871822905561372628628628212925462000Saturday, September 07, 201328.3945.376811089
























Annual GWh325243Annual GWh532883Annual GWh225499

mean (GWh/d)891mean (GWh/d)1460mean (GWh/d)618

peak (GWh/d)1732peak (GWh/d)2746peak (GWh/d)1313

peak/mean1.94peak/mean3.08peak/mean1.47

heat pump efficiency correctiontemperature correction1.24

space heating peakiness3.81

assumed WH plus cookminimum GWh/d194averageminimum GWh/d194minimum GWh/d194

assumed space heat peakpeak variable GWh/d1539peak variable GWh/d2553peak variable GWh/d1120

assumed space heat meanav variable GWh/d698av variable GWh/d698av variable GWh/d698

variable peak/mean2.21variable peak/mean3.66variable peak/mean1.61

heat pump efficiency correctiontemperature correction1.24

space heating peakiness4.53

temperature correction is based of manufacture spec data quoted fro 2C and -7c In EST trial report page 15

Energy

Cold demand

Cold demand -domestic

Volume

Warm demand

Warm demand - domestic

Graph

Average

Cold

GW


Excludes IUK exports and storage injectionIUK exports and storage injectionIncludes IUK exports and storage injection

MCM0-73 MWhTotal NDMLDZNTS power generationTotalCold0-73 MWhTotal NDMLDZTotalWarm0-73 MWhTotal NDMLDZTotalTotalTotalTotalTotalTotalTotalMCM/day0-73 MWhTotal NDMLDZTotalIUK exports & storage injection

SNCWVSNDSNDSNDSNDLowHighSNDCWVCold demandCold demandCold demandCold demandCWVWarm demandWarm demandWarm demandWarm demandSNDCold demandWarm demandSNDCold demandWarm demandAll year average8110913821232

10/1/1213.344567954639841649.768611914922014.87274371140464646210266185Dec-Feb average1471902222925

10/2/1213.234668974639841669.618812115222214.81274472140454545211267185Jun-Aug average22366214261

10/3/1213.114870994639841689.469012415422414.76284573141444444212269185

10/4/1213.0049721004538841699.309212615722714.70294573141444444213271185

10/5/1212.8652731004538821689.159512715722614.64304572139444444212269183

10/6/1212.735471974235761618.999912515221814.59314469132444444205262176

10/7/1212.6056741004134741628.8310212815621914.53324570132434343206263175

10/8/1212.4755791084538841778.679913516623614.47314976144414141218277185

10/9/1212.3257821114438841798.5110113716923814.41325078145414141219279186

10/10/1212.1859841134437841818.3210314017124114.33335179146404040221281186

10/11/1212.0360861154437841838.1410514317424314.25345280147393939222283186

10/12/1211.8863871154337821827.9510914417524314.17365380146393939221282185

10/13/1211.7366851124134751757.7711414217023514.06385277139404040215274179

10/14/1211.5869881154033731767.5911714617423713.95395479140393939215276179

10/15/1211.4367941244337831917.4111315318525413.83395987154373737228291190

10/16/1211.2869971264336831937.2411515618825613.70416190156363636230293192

10/17/1211.1670991284336831957.0811715819025913.57436392158363636231294193

10/18/1211.03721001304336831976.9111916119326113.43446594160353535232296195

10/19/1210.91751011304235821966.7512416219326013.30466694159353535230295193

10/20/1210.7878991263933751886.5812815918825113.17496591153353535223287188

10/21/1210.68791011283832731896.4213116219125413.03516893153353535224288188

10/22/1210.58771071374235832036.2512717020327112.915073102167333333236303200

10/23/1210.49781081384235832046.0712917320627312.795275104169323232236305201

10/24/1210.39791101404235832065.9113117520827612.685376105170313131237307201

10/25/1210.29801111414135832075.7413317821127812.585478107172313131238309202

10/26/1210.19831111414134812065.5713717921127712.475678106170313131236308201

10/27/1210.09861091363832751975.4214217520526812.385876102162313131228299193

10/28/129.97881111393731731985.2814517920827012.286078104163313131229300194

10/29/129.84851181484134822135.1314018722028712.185883112177282828242315205

10/30/129.72871201504034822155.0314118822128812.076085114178282828243316206

10/31/129.59881211524034822174.9314219022329011.966186116179272727244317207

11/1/129.45901241544034822194.8214319122529111.856288117181272727245318208

11/2/129.31931241543933812184.7514719122328911.726589117180262626244315207

11/3/129.17971221503731742104.6715118621627811.596887114173272727237305200

11/4/129.04991251523630732114.5915318921827911.457090116175262626238305201

11/5/128.88961321633933822274.4814719623029511.316896126189242424251319213

11/6/128.73981341653933822294.3714819823129711.177098128191232323252320214

11/7/128.581001361673933822314.2715019923329811.0271100130193232323254321215

11/8/128.431021381703933822334.0815220223630110.9073102132194222222255323216

11/9/128.261061401703832802333.9015720323630010.7776102131193222222255322215

11/10/128.101101371653630742253.7116220023029110.6578100127185222222247313208

11/11/127.931131411693529722273.4816620423529410.5580102129186222222249316208

11/12/127.771091481803832822433.2516121424831310.4677108138200191919262333219

11/13/127.601111511823832812453.0216421825231710.3778109139201191919264335219

11/14/127.421131531853832822482.8016622125532010.2979110140202181818266338220

11/15/127.251151561873832822512.5816922425832410.2280111141203171717268341220

11/16/127.081201571883832802512.3917522625932310.1583111141202171717268340219

11/17/126.951231531823630742422.2118022125231310.0885108135194181818260331212

11/18/126.831261561853529732442.0318422525631710.0187110137195171717261334212

11/19/126.701221641963833822601.901772342693359.9384116146209151515275350224

11/20/126.571231661983933822621.771782362713379.8585118148211141414276351225

11/21/126.491241671993933822641.641802382733399.7686119149213141414277353226

11/22/126.401251682003933822651.521812402743419.6787120151214131313278354227

11/23/126.321291681993932812631.401862402743409.5890120150213131313276353226

11/24/126.231321641933731752541.291912342663289.4993118146205141414267342219

11/25/126.181341661953630732541.151942382693319.4095120147206131313268344219

11/26/126.131281722043933832701.021872472823499.3292126157221111111281360232

11/27/126.091291732054033832710.881892492843529.2393127158222111111281362233

11/28/126.041291732064033832710.761902512863549.1594128159223101010282364234

11/29/125.981301742074034832720.641912522883569.0

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