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Can I Use Strawberry Production as an SAE?

Anna Warner

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Area: Ag and natural resources 1 Unit: Can I Use Strawberry Production as an SAE? Situation Statement: Most students in this class are freshman who are exploring possibilities for their SAEs. The few upperclassmen can use this unit to explore ways to expand their SAE. The students have minimal knowledge of strawberry production. Unit Objective: Upon completion of this unit, students will be able to identify the factors needed to produce strawberries, discuss ……… CSO Numbers Addressed: Unit Analysis: 1. Can I use strawberry production as an SAE?

2. What do strawberries require to produce a quality yield? (include costs) 3. What is the growth process of strawberries? 4. How can I market strawberries? (include profits) 5. Can I use strawberry production as an SAE Test

Lesson 1 Anna Warner

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Title: Can I Use Strawberry Production as an SAE?

Audience: High school students in Agriculture and Natural Resources 1

CSO Number: 0101.3.1, 0101.3.2, 0101.3.4, 0101.3.6, 0101.3.7, 0101.4.2, 0101.7.1, 0101.7.2

Teacher Objectives:

Upon completion for this lesson, the student will be able to: 1. Identify factors which are important in strawberry production 2. Utilize problem solving skills 3. Develop a list of questions to answer in order to make the decision

4. Search for _____ information on the internet to answer questions Materials Needed:

1. Chalk board or white board 2. Computer Access 3. Other Strawberry Resources 4. Overhead projector

Motivation:

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Subject Matter Procedure

See Question and Answer Sheet

Motivation Have students develop a list of questions they need to make an informed decision on the question: Can I Use Strawberry Production as an SAE? Write the questions on the board and have each student copy down the questions.


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Summary/Review:

Take student to the computer lab and have them find the answers to all of the questions. Review questions and answers with attached sheet. Ask the students questions to check for understanding.


Questions and Answers

Can strawberries grow in this area? What materials do I need to produce Strawberries? How much money will it cost to start growing strawberries? How much money can I make from strawberries? Is there a market for strawberries? How can I market my strawberries? How can I expand my SAE?


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Fundamentals of Agribusiness

Title: What are types of agribusiness marketing?

Audience: High school students in Agriscience 12

CSO number:

Teacher Objectives:

Upon completion of this unit, students will be able to: 1. Define retail marketing and wholesale marketing 2. List and describe the different types of marketing

Materials Needed:

1. Chalk board or white board 2. Overhead Projector 3. Transparency: Food Guide Pyramid 4. Grain samples 5. Resources:

• Cooper, Elmer L. and L. DeVere Burton Agriscience: Fundamentals & Applications. 3rd ed. Albany, NY: Delmar, Thompson Learning. 2002.

Motivation:

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Retail Marketing: • Selling a product directly to

consumers • Usu. used for ready-to-eat

products • On-the-farm • Roadside markets • Farmers’ markets

Motivation Discuss and write notes on board EX. Hams and bacons not sold at the auction Ex. Our lamb


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Wholesale Marketing: • Selling a product to a

middleman (a person who handles and agricultural product between farmer and consumer) who then forwards it to the consumer

• Most U.S. ag products marketed this way

• Terminal market – usu. a stockyard that acts as a place to hold animals until they are sold to another party; never own but receive a yardage fee

• Auction markets – animals are sold by public bidding on individual lots (video merchandising); commission

• Direct Sales – producer sells crops and animals directly to processors

• Cooperatives – groups of producers who join together to market a commodity

• Vertical Integration – several steps in production, marketing, and processing are joined together

Older Methods: • Trading one product for

another – developing

Ex. 75% of milk is marketed through coops Ex. Allen’s


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countries • Cash sales Summary/Review

Ask students questions to check for understanding


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Fundamentals of Animal Nutrition and Digestion

Title: What are sources of credit for agricultural businesses?


CSO number: 0136.5.2

Teacher Objectives:

Upon completion of this unit, students will be able to: 1. Explain the differences of ruminant and non ruminant animals

2. Name, locate, and describe the functions of the parts digestive systems of ruminant and non ruminant animals

3. Classify farm animals as ruminant and non-ruminant 4. Research topic and present information to the class Materials Needed:

1. Chalk board or white board 2. Handout: Sources of Credit

3. Textbook for each student 4. Resources:


Motivation:

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See handout Summary/Review

Motivation Have students use the book to complete handout. Discuss the answers as a class. Ask students questions to check for understanding

Credit Agriscience Fundamentals and Applications Pages696-699

1. What is the most important function of an agribusiness manager? 2. What is credit? 3. The use of ____________ is a ____________________ that must not be ________________. 4. Credit used wisely is a _________________________________________________. 5. For each of the following, tell the time period and what it is used for: Short-term 6. Define capital investment and give an example.

What is productive credit? When is it justifiable? What is consumptive credit? It is the problem with consumptive credit? Give examples of productive and consumptive credit. Productive Consumptive

1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 3.

Sources of Credit: Lenders differ in: • • •

What are the three most important sources of credit? What does each finance?

1. 2. 3.

What are 6 other forms sources of credit and what is the primary use of each?

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Credit Agriscience Fundamentals and Applications Pages696-699

What is the most important function of an agribusiness manager? Management of Finances What is credit? Borrowed money The use of _credit________ is a _privilege______________ that must not be _abused________. Credit used wisely is a __valuable tool in business__________________________. For each of the following, tell the time period and what it is used for: Long – term loans: 8-40 years, buildings and land Intermediate – term loans: 1-7 years, capital investments Short term loans: less than 1 year, production needs Define capital investment and give an example. Capital investment – money spent on commodities that are kept 6 months or longer. Ex. Breeding stock, tractors, store and warehouse equipment

What is productive credit? When is it justifiable? Productive credit – used to increase production or income Justifiable when estimated increase in production will increase profits What is consumptive credit? It is the problem with consumptive credit? Consumptive Credit – used to purchase consumable items used by the individual It is easily abused by families and limits the amount of productive credit. Give examples of productive and consumptive credit. Productive Consumptive

1. Livestock 1. Vehicles 2. plants and flowers 2. Clothing / shoes 3. equipment 3. Entertainment

Sources of Credit: Lenders differ in: • Interest rates • Length of loan period • Purpose for which the money is loaned

What are the three most important sources of credit? What does each finance?

4. Commercial banks – all types of loans 5. Individuals – real estate 6. Retail merchants – non-real estate loans, open accounts

What are 6 other forms sources of credit and what is the primary use of each?

• Federal Land Banks – long term credit for agriculture, real estate

• Production Credit Associations (PCA) – short-term credit for agriculture,

• Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) – loans made on eligible commodities

• Farmers Home Administration (FHA) – for those who can’t secure credit from anywhere else, land

• Small Business Association (SBA) – loans for agribusinesses


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Fundamentals of Agribusiness

Title: How can simple interest be calculated?


CSO number: 0136.5.3

Teacher Objectives:

Upon completion of this lesson, the student will be able to: 1. Define a simple-interest loan 2. Write the formula for calculating simple interest 3. Calculate simple interest on paper 4. Apply the simple interest formula to scenario or real-life situations

Materials Needed:

1. Chalk board or white board 2. Feed tags 3. Nutrition label handout 4. Resources:


Motivation:

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Simple-interest loan: • A loan in which the full amount

of a loan is received by the borrower and is paid back with interest after a short period of time

Interest Formula • Interest = Principal X Rate X

Motivation Define on the board EX. If you borrow $600 for 12 months at 10% interest, how much interest will you have to


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Time (I=PRT) If I borrow $25,000 for 5 years at 8% interest, how much interest will I pay? What will my total cost be? Fats • Minimum value as % of total

weight Protein • Minimum amount of crude

protein (total protein) • Crude protein cannot all be

digested • Digestible protein = approximate

amount of true protein that can be utilized by an animal

Vitamins • Commercial feeds usually

provide necessary vitamins Minerals • Trace minerals usu. included and

listed as minimum amounts • Minimum and maximum amounts

of select minerals listed • Ex. Calcium, phosphorus, salt Summary / Review Give students a new feed tag and have them identify the amounts of the following: nitrogen free extract, fiber, fat, crude protein, minerals,

pay? What will your total cost be? Have students complete the sample problems Have students complete the completion problem #2 on page 706. Numbers on feed tags are estimated, not exact like nutritional labels Have students use the computer and insect manuals to answer their questions and review answers with the class. Have students put their notes away and answer questions from the questions and answers sheet and from the right to check for understanding.


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ingredients Give the students an exercise to check for understanding. Check the answers with the feed tag.


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Fundamentals of Animal Nutrition and Digestion

Title: What is feed conversion and how do I figure feed conversion?

Teacher Objectives:

Upon completion of this lesson, the student will be able to: 1. Define feed conversion 2. Apply feed conversion formula to realistic situations 3. Determine if feed conversion rates are good or bad

4. Identify factors affecting feed conversion Materials Needed:

1. Chalk or white board 2. Feed Conversion Worksheets 3. Resources:

• Gillespie, James R. Modern Livestock & Poultry Production. 6th ed. Albany, NY: Delmar, Thompson Learning. 2002.

Motivation:

For those of you who are raising ham, and bacon hogs, how would you like it if I told you that I could save you about $50-$75 per hog each year? What would this do to your profit? (increase it) Say you were raising 5 hogs for the four years that you were in high school, how much more money would you make on your hogs if you saved $25? ($500) How much would you make if you saved $75. ($1,500). It makes a pretty big difference. Now what would the difference be if you saved only $25 dollars but you raised 1,000 hogs this year? ($2,500). That adds up to a pretty big difference. So how do you think that you could save this money? (allow for answers) In most livestock operations 40-60% of costs is feed. If we improve feed efficiency, we can save money and make a larger profit.


What is feed conversion? • The amount of feed needed to

produce one unit of live weight

Motivation Explain and write notes on board.


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• Lbs. feed fed Lbs. of live weight

What is feed efficiency? • The amount of feed needed to

produce one unit of production (eggs, milk)

• Lbs. of feed Unit of production

• Unit of Production Lbs. of feed (dairy)

Average Feed Conversion Rates: • Fish 1.5-2:1 • Poultry 2:1 • Swine 3.5:1 • Sheep 6:1 • Beef 7.8:1 Average Feed Efficiency Rates

• Poultry (eggs): 4.3:1 doz • Dairy Cows (milk):

Applying Feed Conversion to Realistic Situations Summary/Review:

• What is feed conversion? (lbs feed/unit weight gain)

• What is feed efficiency? (lbs feed / unit production)

Use example: Ham and bacon hog is fed 700 pounds of feed and gains 200 pounds. What is the feed efficiency. ? (700/200=3.5) Is this a good feed efficiency? (yes) Have students complete problems on worksheet and review answers. Ask students questions to check for understanding.

Feed Conversion

Name ____________________________________Date ____________

Directions: Read and answer each problem completely. Show your work for all calculations. Roud all Answers to the second decimal place.

1. You feed your two market lambs 350 lbs. of feed. Assuming they each eat the same amount of feed. Sally gains 26 lbs and Rodger gains 32 lbs. What is the feed conversion of each lamb. Which lamb has the best feed conversion?

2. You have a herd of 20 beef cattle. You feed the cattle a ton and a half of feed (3,000lbs) and they gain 385 lbs. What is the average feed conversion of the cattle? Is this an ideal feed conversion?

3. A flock of 300 laying hens produces 200 eggs per day. How much feed should the flock consume each day to meet the ideal feed efficiency?

4. What is the feed conversion on your tank of trout if you feed approximately 12.5 pounds of feed per fish and the fish gain approximately 4.3 pounds? Is this a good feed conversion?

5. If broiler chickens have a 2:1 feed conversion, how many pounds of feed should you feed 241 broilers so they each gain 8 pounds?

Fundamentals of Animal Nutrition and Digestion Test

Name ___________________________________________ Date ____________

Multiple Choice: Choose the answer that best completes or answers the question. (2points each)

1. A nutrient is, ____________.

A. any item of food.

B. a chemical compound that gives you energy

C. a chemical element or compound that aids in the support of life

D. a chemical element needed in small amounts

2. Which of the following is an energy nutrient?

A. Fat B. Mineral

C. Protein D Water

3. Proteins are made of ___________.

A. Amino Acids B. Nucleic Acids

C. Protein Blocks D. Radicals

4. Sugars, starches, cellulose and lignin are all examples of_________.

A. Amino Acids B. Carbohydrates

C. Minerals D. Vitamins

5. Fats__________.

A. carry vitamins B. give body heat

C. provide energy D. all of the above

6. Corn, wheat, barley, rye, and oats are examples of ________________.

A. Cereal grains B. Cereal Products

C. Distillers Grains D. Roughages

7. Minerals help with

A. most physiological processes B. regulation of vital chemical processes

C. the growth of bones, teeth, and tissues D. All of the Above

8. The rumen and reticulum have _______ which help break down feed.

A. bacteria B. enzymes C. protozoa

D. Both A and B E. All of the above F. None of the above

9. Nutrients are absorbed in the

A. abomasum B. cecum

C. pancreas D. small intestine

10. The large intestine is_______________________.

A. longer than the small intestine

B. wider than the small intestine

C. longer and wider than the small intestine

D. the same size as the small intestine

11. Which animal has the best feed conversion?

A. Beef B. Fish

C. Horse D. Swine

12. The fat soluble vitamins include_______.

A. Vitamin A and B-Complex B. B-complex and Vitamin C

C. Vitamin C and Vitamin D C. Vitamin D and Vitamin E

True or False: Read each statement carefully and write T for True and F for False on the line next to the statement. (2 points each)

13. Animals can not suffer from mineral toxicity or deficiency.

14. Water makes up the largest portion of all living things.

15. Ruminant animals can convert nitrogen into amino acids.

16. Cereal grains provide carbohydrates, fat, protein, vitamins, minerals, and water.

17. Animal products are the only source of fat in diets.

18. Plants provide the highest quality protein source in feed rations.

19. Sufficient amounts of major minerals are provided by the ingredients of the feed so no extra minerals need to be added.

20. Rumination is the digestion process in cattle.

21. Bacteria change low-quality protein into amino acids

22. Bacteria from the rumen stomach die & provide protein and vitamins to the animal.

23. Hydrochloric acid (HCL) and protozoa make up the gastric juices of the non-ruminant stomach.

24. Horses are the only animal that does not use the large intestine to absorb nutrients.

25. Metabolism is all of the chemical and physical processes used by living organisms and cells to handle nutrients after they have been absorbed from the digestive system

26. A feed label list the name, guaranteed analysis, ingredient list, directions, and applicable warnings or important information.

Matching: For each word on the left, select the best description on the right. (2points each)

1. Carbohydrates A. aid in the support of life

2. Fats B. amino acids are the building blocks

3. Minerals C. inorganic material needed in small amounts

4. Proteins D. makes up the largest part of most living things

5. Vitamins E. not essential in animal diets

6. Water F. provide energy in two forms: simple & complex

G. provide energy and carry vitamins

H. two categories: fat soluble and water soluble

1. Bloat A. Acid that aids in digestion

2. Chyme B. Build up of carbon dioxide and methane gas

3. Crop C. Contains grit and oyster feed to grind feed

4. Gizzard D. Digested material that leaves the stomach

5. Proventriculus E. Enlarged section of the intestine

6. Villi F. Finger-like projections that absorb nutrients

G. Gastric juices added in this part of the chicken’s stomach

H. Holds food a chicken eats for digestion later

Short Answer: Write the answer to each question.

Animals use nutrient for three functions, what are these functions? Briefly describe each function. (6 points)

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What are the six categories of nutrients? (6 points)

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Name the four parts of the rumen stomach. (4 points) (1 point extra credit if you list in order)

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Which part of the rumen stomach is considered the true stomach? (1point)

What is feed conversion? (you can just give me the equation used to find it) (2 points)

You have a herd of 20 beef cattle. You feed the cattle a ton and a half of feed (3,000lbs) and they gain 385 lbs. What is the average feed conversion of the cattle? Is this an ideal feed conversion? (5 points)

Bonus

What did we compare animal nutrition to in order to better understand it? (2 points)

Why do chickens have a food storing mechanism in their digestive track? Why doesn’t the food go right the stomach? (3 points)

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