can we use ert to measure root zone competition in fields ... · universite de liÈge gembloux...

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UNIVERSITE DE LIÈGE Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Can we use ERT to measure root zone competition in fields with multiple crops? S. Garré, I. Coteur, C. Wongleecharoen, K. Hussain, W. Omsunrarn, T. Kongkaew, T. Hilger, J. Diels, J. Vanderborght A collaboraDon of KULeuven, Hohenheim University, Kasetsart University, FZJülich

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Page 1: Can we use ERT to measure root zone competition in fields ... · UNIVERSITE DE LIÈGE Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Can we use ERT to measure root zone competition in fields with multiple

UNIVERSITE DE LIÈGE Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech

Can we use ERT to measure root zone competition in fields with multiple

crops? S.  Garré,  I.  Coteur,  C.  Wongleecharoen,  K.  Hussain,  W.  Omsunrarn,  

T.  Kongkaew,  T.  Hilger,  J.  Diels,  J.  Vanderborght  A  collaboraDon  of  

KULeuven,  Hohenheim  University,  Kasetsart  University,  FZJülich  

Page 2: Can we use ERT to measure root zone competition in fields ... · UNIVERSITE DE LIÈGE Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Can we use ERT to measure root zone competition in fields with multiple

•  YES,  but…  

YES  Can  we  use  ERT  to  measure  root  zone  compeDDon  in  fields  with  mulDple  crops?  

Page 3: Can we use ERT to measure root zone competition in fields ... · UNIVERSITE DE LIÈGE Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Can we use ERT to measure root zone competition in fields with multiple

•  YES,  but…  

YES   BUT…  Can  we  use  ERT  to  measure  root  zone  compeDDon  in  fields  with  mulDple  crops?  

Page 4: Can we use ERT to measure root zone competition in fields ... · UNIVERSITE DE LIÈGE Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Can we use ERT to measure root zone competition in fields with multiple

YES  

Ratchaburi  Province  

Page 5: Can we use ERT to measure root zone competition in fields ... · UNIVERSITE DE LIÈGE Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Can we use ERT to measure root zone competition in fields with multiple

ERT  measurements  

Climate  

Page 6: Can we use ERT to measure root zone competition in fields ... · UNIVERSITE DE LIÈGE Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Can we use ERT to measure root zone competition in fields with multiple

bare  soil    

maize  monocropping    

maize,  chili,  Leucaena  intercropping    

+  ferDlizer    

+  ferDlizer   -­‐  ferDlizer  

TDR  probe  Electrode  maize  chili  Leucaena  

 

13  m  

4  m  

4  contrasted  cases  

BS        MC+    IC+          IC-­‐  

Page 7: Can we use ERT to measure root zone competition in fields ... · UNIVERSITE DE LIÈGE Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Can we use ERT to measure root zone competition in fields with multiple

Soil  moisture  depleDon  

BS          MC+              IC+                  IC-­‐  

   WC        ΔWC  

06/08          -­‐  18/08        -­‐  21/08        -­‐  27/08  

-­‐  15/09  

Page 8: Can we use ERT to measure root zone competition in fields ... · UNIVERSITE DE LIÈGE Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Can we use ERT to measure root zone competition in fields with multiple

Water  depleDon  during  growing  season  

Dme   Dme   Dme  

plant  row

s  

Up  hill                      Down  hill  

     MC+                          IC+                        IC-­‐  

Page 9: Can we use ERT to measure root zone competition in fields ... · UNIVERSITE DE LIÈGE Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Can we use ERT to measure root zone competition in fields with multiple

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Page 10: Can we use ERT to measure root zone competition in fields ... · UNIVERSITE DE LIÈGE Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Can we use ERT to measure root zone competition in fields with multiple

Water  depleDon  vs.  plant  performance  

Graphs  Khalid  

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MC+   IC+   IC-­‐  

Page 11: Can we use ERT to measure root zone competition in fields ... · UNIVERSITE DE LIÈGE Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Can we use ERT to measure root zone competition in fields with multiple

Air:  constant  raDo  of  carbon  isotopes  (R)        No  stress:  same  raDo  13C/12C  in  plant  cells  Water  stress:  stomata  close              -­‐>  fracDonaDon  by  diffusion            -­‐>  discriminaDon  against  13C                      by  enzyme  RuBisCo              -­‐>  leaky  bundle  sheath  cells  N  stress:  photosynthesis  is  shut  down    

 -­‐>  less  discriminaDon  against  13C  

∂13C =RsampleRPDB

−1#

$%

&

'(x1000 with R =

13C12C

δ13C  

δ13C  

δ13C  ≅-­‐13  

Carbon  isotopic  raDo  of  C4  plants  

Page 12: Can we use ERT to measure root zone competition in fields ... · UNIVERSITE DE LIÈGE Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Can we use ERT to measure root zone competition in fields with multiple

Grain  carbon  isotopic  raDo  (δ13C)    

MC  +          IC+          IC-­‐  

δ13C  increase  -­‐>  compe66on  for  N!  

Page 13: Can we use ERT to measure root zone competition in fields ... · UNIVERSITE DE LIÈGE Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Can we use ERT to measure root zone competition in fields with multiple

YES  …  we  can  retrieve  palerns  of  water  depleDon  …  we  can  quanDfy  differences  between            cropping  systems  …  combinaDon  with  δ13C  techniques:            nature  of  compeDDon  can  be  idenDfied  

Page 14: Can we use ERT to measure root zone competition in fields ... · UNIVERSITE DE LIÈGE Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Can we use ERT to measure root zone competition in fields with multiple

YES  …  we  can  retrieve  palerns            of  water  depleDon  …  we  can  quanDfy  differences            between  cropping  systems  …  combinaDon  with  δ13C            techniques:  nature  of            compeDDon  can  be  idenDfied   BUT…  

Page 15: Can we use ERT to measure root zone competition in fields ... · UNIVERSITE DE LIÈGE Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Can we use ERT to measure root zone competition in fields with multiple

BUT…  •  Detailed  experimental  design  is  necessary.  Garré  et  al.  (2012)  VZJ  11  (4)    

•  UncertainDes  in  conversion  WC  =  f(EC,  ...)  Garré  et  al.  (2013)  VZJ  12  (2)  

Page 16: Can we use ERT to measure root zone competition in fields ... · UNIVERSITE DE LIÈGE Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Can we use ERT to measure root zone competition in fields with multiple

BUT…  UncertainDes  in  conversion  WC  =  f(EC,  ...)  

Injected  current   Measured  voltage  

ELECTRICAL  CONDUCTIVITY  

Temperature  Different  hea=ng    under  different  crops  

Pore  water  concentra6on  Assump=on  of  ±  cte  concentra=on    Sufficient  aIer  rain  events?  Water  content  

Surface  conduc6vity  Structures  +  Heterogeneity!  

INVE

RSION  

PEDO

PHYSICAL  

RELATIONSH

IP  

Garré  et  al.  (2013)  VZJ  12  (2)  

Page 17: Can we use ERT to measure root zone competition in fields ... · UNIVERSITE DE LIÈGE Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Can we use ERT to measure root zone competition in fields with multiple

0 2.5 x (m) 7.5 10 12.5

−4

−3

z (m)

−1

0BaR3

0 2.5 x (m) 7.5 10 12.5

−4

−3

z (m)

−1

0T1R3

0 2.5 x (m) 7.5 10 12.5

−4

−3

z (m)

−1

0T4R3

0 0.01 0.02 0.03

0 2.5 x (m) 7.5 10 12.5

−4

−3

z (m)

−1

0T6R3

ECb,25 (Sm−1)

Example:  Heterogeneous  profiles  

0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 0.012 0.014 0.016 0.018 0.02 0.0220.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

ECb,25 (Sm−1)

WC

(−)

Data horizon 1Data horizon 2Horizon 1: RMSE=0.0011Horizon 2: RMSE=0.0008

BS   MC+  

IC+   IC-­‐  

Pedophysical  funcDons    for  2  horizons  

Not  so  easy  to  delineate  horizons  in  the  profile  

Page 18: Can we use ERT to measure root zone competition in fields ... · UNIVERSITE DE LIÈGE Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Can we use ERT to measure root zone competition in fields with multiple

YES!  

Conclusion  

BUT…  further    research!  

©Seth,  street  art  Paris  

Can  we  use  ERT  to  measure  root  zone  compeDDon  in  fields  with  mulDple  crops?  

Page 19: Can we use ERT to measure root zone competition in fields ... · UNIVERSITE DE LIÈGE Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Can we use ERT to measure root zone competition in fields with multiple

My  sincere  thanks  to    Ine  Coteur  Prof.  Jan  Diels    Prof.  Jan  Vanderborght    Prof.  Thanuchai  Kongkaew+  

Walanai  Omsunrarn  Channarong  Khetdan    Khalid  Hussain  Thomas  Hilger  Chalemchart  Wongleecharoen  Marc-­‐André  Sparke    

©  Os  G

emeo

s,  street  art  Grolaglie