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What Physical Feature in Canada What Physical Feature in Canada do you think is the most do you think is the most important? Why?important? Why?

Essential QuestionEssential Question

How does location, climate, access to water and resources affect where Canadians choose to live and work?

Canada’s Natural Canada’s Natural Resources and Physical Resources and Physical FeaturesFeatures

I canI can explain the impact of explain the impact of location, climate, distribution location, climate, distribution of resources, and population of resources, and population distribution on Canada.distribution on Canada.

I canI can explain the explain the environmental issues of environmental issues of Canada.Canada.

Location of CanadaLocation of Canada Located in the Located in the NorthernNorthern hemisphere hemisphere

and and WesternWestern hemisphere hemisphere The US state of The US state of AlaskaAlaska borders Canada borders Canada

to the westto the west

Location of CanadaLocation of Canada Population is about Population is about 3333 million people million people

– Small population considering is the Small population considering is the 22ndnd largest country in the worldlargest country in the world

The The Great LakesGreat Lakes and and St. Lawrence St. Lawrence RiverRiver are important trade routes from are important trade routes from the Atlantic Oceanthe Atlantic Ocean

Canada’s Physical Canada’s Physical ResourcesResources Canada is surrounded by Canada is surrounded by threethree coastlines coastlines

– Arctic Arctic (North), (North), Pacific Pacific (West), (West), AtlanticAtlantic (East) (East) Canada’s Canada’s 33 oceans have helped Canada oceans have helped Canada

to be a leader in to be a leader in exporting fishexporting fish to other to other countriescountries

Physical Features of Physical Features of CanadaCanada

HudsonHudson Bay Bay is a major resource in Canada is a major resource in Canada One major river in One major river in CanadaCanada is the St. is the St. LawrenceLawrence

RiverRiver– From the From the Gulf of St. LawrenceGulf of St. Lawrence to the Great Lakes to the Great Lakes

Physical Features of Physical Features of CanadaCanada

Canadian Shield-Canadian Shield- large large rockyrocky area in eastern and area in eastern and central Canadacentral Canada

Rocky Mountains are in the Rocky Mountains are in the westernwestern part of Canada part of Canada– Over Over 3,0003,000 miles long miles long– Beautiful physical feature but also influences climate, Beautiful physical feature but also influences climate,

tourismtourism, and natural resources, and natural resources

Great Lakes and St. Lawrence RiverGreat Lakes and St. Lawrence River The Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River are The Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River are

important because it provides:important because it provides:– A way to A way to importimport and and exportexport goods goods– JobsJobs: are located in the : are located in the SouthernSouthern part of Canada because part of Canada because

many many factories factories are built near the Great Lakes and St. are built near the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence RiverLawrence River

– Good Good farmlandsfarmlands are located near the St. Lawrence River are located near the St. Lawrence River provide provide grainsgrains, vegetables and , vegetables and fruitfruit..

Great Lakes and St. Lawrence RiverGreat Lakes and St. Lawrence River

Canadian PopulationCanadian Population Where do Where do

many many Canadians Canadians live?live?– 1. Live in the 1. Live in the

Southern Southern Part Part of Canadaof Canada

– 2. Live near 2. Live near waterwayswaterways such as the such as the Great LakesGreat Lakes and and St. St. Lawrence Lawrence RiverRiver

Canada’s Northern Canada’s Northern TundraTundra Northern Northern TundraTundra::

– The The northern northern part of Canada is very part of Canada is very coldcold and and considered a considered a tundra:tundra: a nearly a nearly treelesstreeless plain and plain and permanently permanently frozen frozen subsoilsubsoil

– Its cold temperature makes it Its cold temperature makes it unpopularunpopular to to livelive in in

Canada’s Location and Canada’s Location and TradeTrade Canada Canada threethree coastlines (Arctic, Pacific, Atlantic) coastlines (Arctic, Pacific, Atlantic)

allows it to trade allows it to trade AsiaAsia and and EuropeEurope Great Great LakesLakes and the St. and the St. LawrenceLawrence River allows for River allows for

goods to be shipped from goods to be shipped from centralcentral Canada to the Canada to the AtlanticAtlantic Ocean. Ocean.

The The United StatesUnited States receives receives 80%80% of Canada's exports. of Canada's exports.

Natural Resources of Natural Resources of CanadaCanada Natural resources- Natural resources-

gifts of naturegifts of nature– Iron ore, Iron ore, nickelnickel, zinc, copper, , zinc, copper,

gold, gold, leadlead, diamonds, and , diamonds, and silver are a few examples of silver are a few examples of naturalnatural resources resources

– Good forests, Good forests, lots of rivers and lots of rivers and lakeslakes, fish, fresh water, , fish, fresh water, hydroelectric powerhydroelectric power

– Good soil, Good soil, coalcoal, oil, natural , oil, natural gasgas

Most resources are Most resources are found in remote (far found in remote (far away or away or distantdistant) areas) areas

Canada’s Natural Resources and Canada’s Natural Resources and TradeTrade Canada Canada exportsexports many many naturalnatural resources resources Canada has many sources of Canada has many sources of waterwater which is which is

used for used for hydroelectricityhydroelectricity – – – ExtraExtra energy is sold to the energy is sold to the U.SU.S. .

5%5% of Canadian land can be used for of Canadian land can be used for farmingfarming which is a lot of land because Canada is the which is a lot of land because Canada is the 22ndnd largest largest countrycountry in the world. in the world.

Canadian ClimateCanadian Climate The climate of Canada The climate of Canada

limitslimits the location of the the location of the populationpopulation

SouthernSouthern region is much region is much like the northern United like the northern United States with warm States with warm summerssummers and cold and cold winterswinters

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What part of Canada would you What part of Canada would you most like to visit?most like to visit?

Why?Why?

Canadian ClimateCanadian Climate

Central and southern Canada has a long Central and southern Canada has a long growinggrowing season and are an important season and are an important sources of canola, sources of canola, wheatwheat and other grains and other grains

PacificPacific region has cool summers and mild region has cool summers and mild winters but can receive winters but can receive 100 inches100 inches of of rain a yearrain a year

Canada’s Climate and TradeCanada’s Climate and Trade NorthernNorthern Canada has a Canada has a roughrough and and coldcold

climateclimate SouthernSouthern Canada is good for Canada is good for farmingfarming..

– Canola, Canola, wheatwheat and other grains are grown in and other grains are grown in largelarge amounts amounts

– These crops are These crops are exportedexported to other countries that to other countries that can’t produce these crops due to having can’t produce these crops due to having smallsmall amounts of amounts of farmlandfarmland or or badbad climate. climate.

Canadian ShieldCanadian Shield Canadian ShieldCanadian Shield

– It is a It is a rockyrocky surface surface of mainly igneous of mainly igneous ((hardhard) ) rockrock and and forests forests

– The C.S. has three The C.S. has three major natural major natural resources: resources: forests, forests, minerals, and minerals, and water.water.

– ForestForest are are important for important for Canada’s Canada’s timber timber industry industry

Canadian ShieldCanadian Shield Canadian ShieldCanadian Shield

– MineralsMinerals such as such as coppercopper, iron, lead, , iron, lead, nickel, gold, silver, nickel, gold, silver, uranium, zinc and uranium, zinc and diamondsdiamonds. .

– Rivers Rivers and and lakeslakes of of the region make it the region make it an important an important source of source of hydroelectrichydroelectric power. power.

Canadian Shield Environmental Canadian Shield Environmental ProblemsProblems

ExtractingExtracting (taking (taking out) out) natural natural resourcesresources such as such as treestrees or or minerals minerals from the Canadian from the Canadian Shield has led to Shield has led to major major pollutionpollution in the in the Canadian Shield. Canadian Shield.

PollutionPollution causes: causes: coalcoal fired electric fired electric powerpower plants, plants, metal smelters, metal smelters, automobilesautomobiles and and trucks trucks

Canadian Shield Environmental Canadian Shield Environmental ProblemsProblems

Acid RainAcid Rain falls in the falls in the C.S. but spreads C.S. but spreads rapidly rapidly because the because the C.S.is made up of C.S.is made up of hard hard rock bedrock, which rock bedrock, which allows the allows the acid rainacid rain to to spread spread easier.easier. – Imagine pouring Imagine pouring

water water over over dirt dirt or a or a rockrock. Which surface . Which surface does the water does the water spread faster on?spread faster on?

– RockRock

Great Lakes PollutionGreat Lakes Pollution– Many companies are Many companies are

located near the located near the Great LakesGreat Lakes because they can because they can use it to use it to import import and and export export goodsgoods

– Overtime the Great Overtime the Great Lakes has been a Lakes has been a locationlocation for for companies to dump companies to dump toxic wastetoxic waste in. in.

Great Lakes PollutionGreat Lakes Pollution– Water Water pollution pollution

affects the health of affects the health of the the waterwaywaterway, and , and leads to leads to contaminated contaminated water water lifelife which creates which creates "dead" lakes. "dead" lakes.

– People who People who regularly regularly eateat a lot of a lot of fish will have larger fish will have larger levels of levels of toxic toxic chemicalschemicals in their in their bodies than those bodies than those who only eat who only eat fishfish occasionally. occasionally.

Canada’s Timber Canada’s Timber IndustryIndustry Nearly Nearly 50%50% of Canada is covered in vast of Canada is covered in vast forestsforests

Canada’s forests provide:Canada’s forests provide:– OxygenOxygen– HabitatHabitat for wildlife for wildlife– Human Human RecreationRecreation (hiking, (hiking, campingcamping and fishing) and fishing)

LoggingLogging companies cut the companies cut the treestrees down to sell it as down to sell it as timbertimber

Canada’s Timber Canada’s Timber IndustryIndustry LoggingLogging companies cut the trees down to sell companies cut the trees down to sell

it as timberit as timber EnvironmentalEnvironmental Groups/Government Groups/Government

Intervention:Intervention:– Force Logging companies to plant Force Logging companies to plant smallsmall trees and trees and

seedsseeds– ReduceReduce the daily amount of trees being the daily amount of trees being cutcut