1. Cancer screening Simenar-1gehad abdullah

2. Introduction to Screening Estimates of the premature deaths thatcould have been avoided through screening vary from 3% to 35%, depending on a variety of assumptions. There are, however, several potential harms that must be considered against any potential benefit of screening for cancer.gehad abdullah 3. Con Introduction to Screening Another harm is the false-positivetest result, which may lead to anxiety and unnecessary invasive diagnostic procedures.gehad abdullah 4. Cont Introduction to Screening A less familiar harm is overdiagnosis, i.e., the diagnosis of a condition that would not have become clinically significant had it not been detected by screening. This harm is becoming more common as screening tests become more sensitive at detecting tiny tumors. Finally, a false-negative screening test may falsely reassure an individual with subsequent clinical signs or symptoms of cancer and thereby actually delay diagnosis and effective treatment. gehad abdullah 5. Cont Introduction to Screening Finally, a false-negative screening test mayfalsely reassure an individual with subsequent clinical signs or symptoms of cancer and thereby actually delay diagnosis and effective treatment.gehad abdullah 6. gehad abdullah 7. breast cancer statistics in saudi arabia A woman has a one in eight chance of developingbreast cancer in her lifetime. Number one diagnosed cancer of women in theKSA. 6,922 female breast cancer cases were recorded inthe Saudi Cancer Registry from 2001 to 2008. The highest overall percentages (38.6% and 31.2%) of female breast cancer cases were documented in women who were 3044 and 4559 years of age, respectively. gehad abdullah 8. breast cancer statistics in saudi arabia The eastern region of Saudi Arabia had thehighest overall ASIR, at 26.6 per 100,000 women, followed by Riyadh at 20.5 and Makkah at 19.4. Jazan, Baha, and Asir had the lowest average ASIRs, at 4.8, 6.1, and 7.3 per 100,000 women, respectively. Men can develop breast cancer too, but itoccurs less frequently.gehad abdullah 9. Signs and Symptoms Change in the appearance A change in the appearance of nipple including a nipple that is turning inward that of the nipple normally has pointed outward or is scaly or cracked.gehad abdullah 10. A change in the appearance of nipple including a nipple that is turning inward that normally has pointed outward or is scaly or cracked.gehad abdullah 11. Signs and Symptoms Nipple discharge that comes Nipple discharge that comes without any prompting. without any prompting.gehad abdullah 12. Signs and Symptoms A lump or thickening in or near the breast or in the underarm area.gehad abdullah 13. Clinical Breast ExamA clinical breast exam is when a health-care provider looks for and feels for any changes in your breasts. 14. Clinical Breast Exam (CBE) A clinical breast-exam or CBE is when a health-care provider looks for and feels for any changes in your breasts. This includes checking the breasts and under the arms for lumps or other unusual changes. For women who are still menstruating, a CBEshould be scheduled during the time of the month when the breasts are the least tender. This would be 5 to 10 days after the start of their period. gehad abdullah 15. Clinical Breast Exam (CBE) For women who are not longer menstruating, aCBE can be scheduled at any time. A clinical breast exam can find a lump that may bemissed on a mammogram. A lump should never be ignored just because it is not visible on a mammogram. Talk to your health-care provider about what additional tests may be neededgehad abdullah 16. Mammogram A mammogram is important. A mammogram is an x-ray of the breast. It can detect breast cancer two to three years before a lump can be felt.gehad abdullah 17. Mammogram A mammogram is an x-ray of the breast. The breast isplaced between two plastic plates which presses the breast to make it flat. It usually involves two x-rays of each breast.gehad abdullah 18. Mammogram Mammograms can detect breast cancer 2-3 yearsbefore it is large enough to feel. For women 40 years of age and older, talk to yourhealth-care provider about when to begin having mammograms and how often.gehad abdullah 19. A change in your breast you see or feel does not mean its breast cancer. However, any change should be checked by a health care providergehad abdullah 20. Cervical Cancer Screeninggehad abdullah 21. What do you know about cervical cancer screening ?gehad abdullah 22. Where is the cervix?gehad abdullah 23. What is a Pap test? Can find abnormal changes on the cervix. Treating early changes can prevent cancer of the cervix. The Pap test is free.gehad abdullah 24. What causes abnormal changes on the cervix? HPV (Human Papillomavirus) HPV is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) You can pass this virus without knowing it to men or womengehad abdullah 25. HPV HPV can cause abnormal changes on a womans cervix Sometimes abnormal changes can become cancerous. A Pap test can find these abnormal changes before they turn into cancer.gehad abdullah 26. Pap testgehad abdullah 27. Pap test -a speculum is inserted into the vagina in order to get a good view of the cervix -your health care provider will use a thin wooden stick called a spatula and a soft cervical brush called a cytobrush to remove cells from the cervix.-the Pap test should not be painful, however, some women do find this test uncomfortable. If you do experience some discomfort let your health care provider know.gehad abdullah 28. Pap test ..All women who have ever been sexually active (sexual intercourse and intimate touching), regardless of sexual orientation, should have regular Pap tests.gehad abdullah 29. When should I have a Pap test?Pap testing should begin 3 years after first sexual activity Most women need a Pap test every two years.gehad abdullah 30. What should I do before a Pap test?Must not do sexual intercourse for 24 hours before the test. To repeat Pap test, must wait at least 3 months in order to allow cells on the cervix to grow back.gehad abdullah 31. RememberMost cervical cancers can be prevented if women have regular Pap tests with follow-up for abnormal changes.gehad abdullah 32. Any questions ?gehad abdullah