26

Journal of Applied Agriculture and Biotechnology 2017 2(1): 26−28 ISSN (print): 2415-6728 ISSN (online): 2415-6736

Research article

Canine parvovirus infection in dog: a case report

Munibullah1*, Arfan Yousaf1, Muhammad Arif Zafar1, Muhammad Yaqoob1, Zahid Naseer1, Muddusar

Nawaz1 Asghar Khan1

HIGHLIGHTS

Canine Parvovirus infection in dogs

Symptomatic diagnosis

Symptomatic, supportive treatment and its satisfactory prognosis

Authors’ affiliation 1

Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan

*Corresponding author Munibullah

Email: drmunib15@gmail.com +92 3329490323;

+92 3405210552

How to cite Munibullah., A.Yousaf, M.A. Zafar., M. Yaqoob, Z. Naseer., M. Nawaz., and A. Khan. 2017. Canine parvovirus infection in dog: a case report. J. Appl. Agric. Biotechnol. 2(1): 26-28.

ABSTRACT

anine parvovirus infection is one of the main causes of death in

canines mostly in puppies due to hemorrhagic enteritis. The

present case was presented at Veterinary Medical Teaching

Hospital (VMTH), Department of Clinical studies, FV&AS PMAS-

AAUR. The dog age eleven (11) months was suffering from bloody

diarrhea, loss of appetite (anorexia), vomiting, dehydration and

subnormal temperature, on the basis of clinical signs and symptoms it

was symptomatically diagnosed as parvovirus infection. Symptomatic

and supportive treatment was performed by using 5 % Dextrose infusion

(Unisole), along with Ranitidine @ 0.5 mg/ kg body weight BID I/M, Inj.

Vitamin K @1 mcg/kg body weight single dose I/M, Inj. Jetepar-10ml

intravenous (I/V), Inj. Onset 8mg intravenous (I/V) and Inj. Transamine

(transamic acid @ 5mg/kg body weight for three days. The owner was

also educated that they have to avoid feeding to their pet (dog) for 48

hours. The prognosis of the presented case was satisfactory.

Key words: Parvovirus, Canine, Case report, Supportive therapy

1. Introduction Canine parvovirus (CPV) is the most

common cause of enteritis and mortality in puppies

(Shabbir et al., 2009; Kapel, 1995). Distinctive

dimensions of CPV compose it rising and reemerging

pathogen of canines especially of dogs worldwide

(Buonavoglia, 2006). Parvoviruses have a single

stranded DNA genome of 5,000 bases with a hairpin

structure (Cotmore and Tattersall, 2007). Parvovirus’s

have exceptional evolutionary abilities (Chicnchkar et

al., 2006; Lopez-Bueno et al., 2006; Truyen, 2006).

Canine parvo virus infection is an extremely

communicable viral infection of great concern to pet

lovers, practicing veterinary physicians, surgeons and

scientists due to its high morbidity and mortality rates.

Paro virus infects dogs of all age groups; however, the

puppies are comparatively more susceptible than

adults (Bargujar et al., 2011). Parvo virus infection is

generally evidenced with signs including, bloody

C

Munibullah et al. 2017 J. Appl. Agric. Biotechnol. 2017 2(1): 26−28

27

diarrhea, vomiting, and harsh dehydration.

Hemorrhagic gastro enteritis related to parvovirus

infection can be managed by therapeutic employment

of antibiotics, fluids coupled with continuous

monitoring up to 48 h (Bhutia and Rao, 2008). In this

document, we report the efficacy of symptomatic

supportive treatment regimens against canineparvo

virus (CPV) infection in dogs especially in puppies.

2. Case presentation

2.1. Case reporting station

The present case was reported in Veterinary Medical

Teaching Hospital, Department of Clinical studies,

Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, PMAS-Arid

Agriculture University Rawalpindi.

2.2. History along with sign and symptoms

The dog age eleven (11) months was suffering from

bloody diarrhea, loss of appetite (anorexia), vomiting,

dehydration and subnormal temperature. Moreover,

the animal was neither vaccinated nor dewormed.

Figure 1: Affected dog with intravenous therapy.

Figure 2: Bloody diarrhea (A) and Blood in vomit (B).

2.3. Diagnosis

On the basis of history of no vaccination, age,

anorexia, bloody diarrhea, dehydration, vomiting,

depression and clinical signs and symptoms it was

symptomatically diagnosed as parvovirus infection.

2.4. Treatment

Symptomatic and supportive treatment was

performed, by using 5 % Dextrose infusion (Unisole),

along with Ranitidine @ 0.5 mg/ kg body weight BID

I/M, Inj. Vitamin K @1 mcg/kg body weight single dose

I/M, Inj. Jetepar-10ml intravenous (I/V), Inj. Onset 8mg

intravenous (I/V) and Inj. Transamine (transamic acid)

B

A

Munibullah et al. 2017 J. Appl. Agric. Biotechnol. 2017 2(1): 26−28

28

@ 5mg/kg body weight for three (3) days (Dongre et

al., 2015). The owner was also educated that they

have to avoid feeding to their pet (dog) for forty eight

(48) hours.

2.5. Prognosis

The prognosis of the presented case was satisfactory

because the owner followed the treatment regime as

per standard protocol directed by department of

clinical studies i.e. continuation of prescribed

treatment up to three (3) days with no feeding and

drinking

3. Discussion

The canine parovirus infected dogs exhibited clinical

signs such as anorexia, bloody diarrhea, vomiting,

paleness of mucosa and dehydration. Initiation of fluid

and antibiotic with supportive remedy in dogs showed

improvement within three (3) days and the affected

dogs returned towards the normal pathophysiological

condition between four (4) to seven (7) days (Dongre

et al., 2015). The results of the present case report

(investigation) are in consistent with the result

documented by Singh et al., (2008). The highest rate

of occurrence of CPV below six months may be due to

viral attraction for rapid multiplying intestinal crypt

cells in young dogs (pups) with highest mitotic catalog

due to alterations in bacterial flora as well as in the

diet due to weaning may enhance the susceptibility of

pups to CPV (Deka et al., 2013, Stepita et al., 2013).

References

Bargujar, J., Ahuja, A., Bihani, D.K., Kataria, N. and

Dhuria, D. (2011) Studies on prevalence, clinical

manifestations and therapeutic management in

dogs suffering from canine parvovirus infection. J.

Canine Dev. Res., 7: 9-16.

Bhutia, Y.D. and Tirumala Rao, D.S. 2008. Clinico-

pathological study and therapeutic management of

critically ill gastrointestinal tract emergencies in

canine. Indian J. Vet. Med., 28(2): 87-90.

Buonavoglia, C.V., 2006. Canine coronavirus highly

pathogenic for dogs. Emerg. Infect. Dis., 12: 492-

494.

Chinchkar, S.R., Mohana, B., Subramanian, B.R.,

Hanumantha, N., Rangarajan, P.N., Thiagarajan, D.

and Srunivasan, V.A., 2006. Analysis of VP2 gene

sequences of canine parvovirus isolates in India.

Arch. Virol., 151:1881- 1887.

Cotmore, S.F. and P. Tattersall. 2007. Parvoviral host

range and cell entry mechanisms. Adv. Virus Res.,

70: 183-232.

Deka, D., A. Phukan and D.K. Sarma. 2013

Epidemiology of parvovirus and coronavirus

infections in dogs in Assam. Indian Vet. J., 90(9):

49-51.

Dongre, J., H Mehta, and P. Maheshwari. 2015.

Comparative evaluation of two treatment regimens

against canine parvovirus infection. Haryana

Veterinarian, 54: 83-84.

Kapil, S. 1995. Laboratory diagnosis of canine viral

enteritis. Curr. Vet. Ther., 12: 697-701.

Lopez-bueno, A., L.P. Villarrea and J.M. Almendral.

2006. Parvovirus variation for disease: a difference

with RNA viruses. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol.,

299: 349-370.

Shabbir, M.Z., M. Rabbani, M. Khushi, A. Arfan, A.

Ikram and Y. Tahir. 2009. Detection of canine

distemper virus from lymphopenic dogs by RTPCR

amplification of nucleoprotein gene. Pakistan J.

Zool., 41:424-428.

Singh, G.D., N.S. Jadon and V.K. Sharma. 2008. Effect

of fluid therapy in acute abdominal abnormalities

in canine patients. Indian Vet J., 28(2): 139-140.

Stepita, M.E., M.J. Bain and P.H. Kass. 2013 Frequency

of CPV infection in vaccinated puppies that

attended puppy socialization classes. J. Am. Anim.

Hosp. Assoc., 49: 95-100.

Truyen, U. 2006. Evolution of canine parvovirus a need

for new vaccines. Vet. Microbiol., 117: 9-13.